美国专八常识

专八人文知识精讲(14):美国地理 1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in America. Alaska northwestern Canada, and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific. 阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部,夏威夷位于太平洋中部。 2.The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China. 就面积而言,美国是世界第四大国,国土面积为930万平方公里。 3.Of all states of American, Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country. 所有州中,阿拉斯加是面积最大的州,罗得岛最小,在美国本土,最大的州是得克萨斯州。 4.The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as the Continental Divide. 落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁,也被成为大陆分水岭。 5.The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountainsand the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast. 阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。阿巴拉契亚山脉的走向是从东北到西南,落基山脉则是从西北到东南。 6.The Mississippi River is the largest river in America, over 6000 kilometers.The Mississippi has been called "father of waters"or "old man river". 密西西比河是美国最长河流,长度超过6000公里。被称作"众水之父"或"老人河"。 7.The Ohio river has been called the American Ruhr, As in Germany, the area along the river is rich in valuable deposits of high-grade coking coal and is wellknown for its steel industry.The river provides cheap water transportation for rawmaterials. 俄亥俄河被称作美国的鲁尔河,就像德国一样,沿河有丰富的高品千周的焦煤,并且因其钢铁而著名。另外,该河还为原 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 提供了廉价的水路运输。 8.On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado in the south and the Columbia, which rises in Canada. 太平洋沿岸有两大河:南部的科罗拉多河,以及发源于加拿大的哥伦比亚河。 9.The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. 格兰德河是美国和墨西哥之间的天然界河。 10.the most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan, the only entirely in the U.S., Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario.They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan. 美国最重要的湖泊是五大湖:苏必利尔湖(世界上最大的淡水湖),密歇根湖(五大湖中唯一完全位于美国境内的),休伦湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。除了密歇根湖,其他四大湖都位于美国和加拿大的国境线上。 专八人文知识精讲(15):美国概述 一、气候 1. A humid continental climate is found in the north-eastern part of the country. 美国东北部为湿润的大陆性气候。 2. In the south-eastern United States you can find ahumid subtropical climate. 东南部则是湿润的亚热带气候。 3. The Pacific northwest is favored with a maritime climate. 太平洋西北岸为海洋性气候。 4. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and moist winters. 加州太平洋沿岸南部是地中海式气候,夏天干燥炎热,冬天潮湿多雨。 5. Many factors besides latitude influence the climate in the United States. Perhaps the most important forces are the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes. 除了海拔之外,许多因素影响着美国的气候,其中最主要的因素为:太平洋,大西洋,墨西哥湾,五大湖。 二、地理城市 1.Traditionally from the east to the west the United States can be divided into seven geographical regions. 美国从东到西可分为七个地理区。 2.New England is made up of six states of the Northeast .Because of its stony soil it is not noted for its agriculture. Dairying is the most inportant farm activity. New Englishis also well-known for its position in education, Many famous universities and colleges such as Yale, Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) are located here. 新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成,由于土壤多石,不利于农业生产,乳制品业是最重要的农业活动。许多重点大学如耶鲁大学,哈佛大学和麻省理工学院都坐落于此。 3.Chicago, the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes, is the largest industrial and commercial center of the area. 芝加哥是五大湖最大最忙的港口,也是该地区最大的工商业中心。 4.Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world. Omaha is known as the agricultural capital of the United states. 底特律被称作“世界汽车之都”。奥马哈被称作“美国农业之都”。 5.Dry farming, irrigation farming, and the cattle and sheep herding are the main ativities of the Great Plains of the American West. 旱地农业,灌溉农业和畜牧业是美国西部大平原地区的主要活动。 6.Colorado has been called the steel city of the west. Denver is the largest city of the Great Plains. 科罗拉多市被称作“西部钢城”。丹佛市是大平原地区最大的城市。 7.the largest groups of Native Americans are found on the Colorado Plateau. 美国最大的土著群落位于科罗拉多高原。 8.Mmauna Loa, the world's largest volcano, is located on Haiwaii and erupts from time to time. Suger cane and pineapples are Haiwaii's main crops.Tourism is Haiwaii's most important industry. 莫纳洛阿火山是世界最大活火山,位于夏威夷,不时喷发。甘蔗和菠罗是夏威夷的两大作物,旅游业是夏威夷最重要的产业。 9.Honolulu is the capital of Haiwaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska. 火奴鲁鲁是夏威夷的首府,朱诺是阿拉斯加的首府。 三、人口 1.New Englanders were originally knows as Yankees,which came to stand for all American. 新英格兰人最初曾被称作“Yankee”,这一名称后来渐渐指所有的美国人。 2.The Middle Atlantic States have about one fifth of the total population of the United States. 大西洋中部各州的人口占美国总人口的1/5。 3.The soil is rich, the rain usually plentiful and the growing season long, these factors make the Midwest America's most important agricultural area. It is also a major manufacturing region and the nation's leading center of heavy industry. 中西部地区土壤肥沃,雨量充沛,生长季节较长,是美国最重要的农业区,也是主要的制造业区和全国的重工业中心。 Part 1. Colonial America 殖民地时期的美国文学 Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩(1737-1809): The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题; Common Sense常识; American Crisis美国危机; Rights of Man:Downfall of Despotism人的权利:专制体制的崩溃; The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺(1752-1832): The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲; The British Prison Ship英国囚船; To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士; The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花; The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 Jonathan Edwards 乔纳森·爱德华(1702—1758): The Freedom of the Will自由意志论; The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended伟哉原罪论辩; The Nature of True Virtue 真美德的性质 Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林(1706-1790): A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard?s Almanack穷查理历书; The Way to Wealth致富之道; The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义文学 Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文(1783-1859): A History of New York纽约的历史——美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作; The SketchBook见闻札记; The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说——使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家; Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄; Talks of Travellers旅客谈; The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀(1789-1851): The Spy间谍; The Pilot领航者; The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿; Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者;The Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism 新英格兰超验主义文学 Ralf Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(1803-1882): Essays:Nature散文集:论自然——新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书; The American Scholar论美国学者; Divinity:TheOversoul论超灵;