英语专业大一泛读(刘乃银版)附加阅读练习(带答案)

英语专业大一泛读(刘乃银版)附加阅读练习(带答案) Passage 1 (Unit 1, Book I: Love. Short story. Family. Love) After 21 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner and a movie. She said, "I love you, but I know this other woman loves you too, and she would love to spend some time with you." The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit was my MOTHER, who has been a widow for 19 years, but the demands of my work and my three children had made it possible to visit her only occasionally. That night I called to invite her to go out for dinner and a movie. "What's wrong, are you well?" she asked. My mother is the type of woman who suspects that a late night call or a surprise invitation is a sign of bad news. "I thought that it would be pleasant to spend some time with you," I responded. "Just the two of us." She thought about it for a moment, and then said, "I would like that very much." That Friday after work, as I drove over to pick her up, I was a bit nervous. When I arrived at her house, I noticed that she, too, seemed to be nervous about our date. She waited in the door with her coat on. She had curled her hair and was wearing the dress that she had worn to celebrate her last wedding anniversary. She smiled from a face that was as radiant as an angel's. "I told my friends that I was going to go out with my son, and they were impressed," she said, as she got into the car. "They can't wait to hear about our meeting." We went to a restaurant that, although not elegant, was very nice and cozy. My mother took my arm as if she were the First Lady. After we sat down, I had to read the menu. Her eyes could only read large print. Half way through the entries, I lifted my eyes and saw Mom sitting there staring at me. A nostalgic smile was on her lips. "It was I who used to have to read the menu when you were small," she said. "Then it's time that you relax and let me return the favor," I responded. During the dinner, we had an agreeable conversation - nothing extraordinary but catching up on recent events of each other's life. We talked so much that we missed the movie. As we arrived at her house later, she said, "I'll go out with you again, but only if you let me invite you." I agreed. "How was your dinner date?" asked my wife when I got home. "Very nice. Much more so than I could have imagined," I answered. A few days later, my mother died of a massive heart attack. It happened so suddenly that I didn't have a chance to do anything for her. Some time later, I received an envelope with a copy of a restaurant receipt from the same place mother and I had dined. An attached note said: "I paid this bill in advance. I wasn't sure that I could be there; but nevertheless, I paid for two plates - one for you and the other for your wife. You will never know what that night meant for me. I love you, son." At that moment, I understood the importance of saying in time: "I LOVE YOU" and to give our loved ones the time that they deserve. Nothing in life is more important than your family. Give them the time they deserve, because these things cannot be put off till "some other time". 1. When the mother heard it was the son‘s call, she was __________. A. worried B. surprised C. suspicious D. puzzled 2. The mother‘s friends were most impressed by __________. A. the memorable date between the mother and the son B. the mother‘s realization of her long-awaited dream C. the son‘s love for his mother D. the mother‘s pride in her son 3. When the mother took the author‘s arm into the restaurant, she __________. A. looked like the First Lady B. was treated like the First Lady C. was as important as the First Lady D. felt as proud as being the First Lady 4. What did the mother mainly talk about to the author during the dinner? A. Her life after the author‘s marriage. B. Her life since the author‘s last visit. C. Her memory about the author as a child. D. Her expectation about future reunions. 5. The mother insisted on inviting the author to dinner because __________. A. she was going to die soon B. she wanted to show her love C. she did not expect the heart attack D. she intended to thank him and his wife 6. The passage intends to teach us how to cherish __________. A. our parents B. love C. our family D. life Passage 2 (Unit 2, Book I: Little house in the Big Woods. Autobiography) I start from my home in the quiet little suburb of Forest Hills, Long Island. Here , surrounded by green lawns, trees, and flowers, are neat little houses, happy with the voices and movements of wives and children, havens of peaceful rest for men who toil in the city. I drive across the lacy structure of steel which spans the East River, and I get a new and startling vision of the power and ingenuity of the mind of man. Busy boasts chug and scurry about the river - racy speed boat, stolid, snorting tugs. If I had long days of sight ahead, I should spend many of them watching the delightful activity upon the river. I look ahead, and before me rise the fantastic towers of New York, a city that seems to have stepped from the pages of a fairy story. What an awe-inspiring sight, these glittering spires. These vast banks of stone and steel-structures such as the gods might build for themselves! This animated picture is a part of the lives of millions of people every day. How many, I wonder, give it so much as a second‘s glance? Very few, I fear, their eyes are blind to this magnificent sight because it is so familiar to them. I hurry to the top of one of those gigantic structures, the Empire State Building, for there, a short time ago, I "saw" the city below through the eyes of my secretary. I am anxious to compare my fancy with reality. I am sure I should not be disappointed in the panorama spread out before me, for to me it would be a vision of another world. Now I begin my rounds of the city. First, I stand at a busy corner, merely looking at people, trying by sight of them to understand something of their life. I see smiles, and I am happy. I see serious determination, and I am proud, I see suffering, and I am compassionate. I stroll down Fifth Avenue. I throw my eyes out of focus, so that I see no particular object but only a seething kaleidoscope of colors. I am certain that the colors of women's dresses moving in a throng must be a gorgeous spectacle of which I should never tire. But perhaps if I had sight I should be like most other women -- too interested in styles and the cut of individual dresses to give much attention to the splendor of color in the mass. And I am convinced, too, that I should become an inveterate window shopper, for it must be a delight to the eye to view the myriad articles of beauty on display. From Fifth Avenue I make a tour of the city-to Park Avenue, to the slums, to factories, to parks where children play. I take a stay-at-home trip abroad by visiting the foreign quarters. Always my eyes are open wide to all the sights of both happiness and misery so that I may probe deep and add to my understanding of how people work and live. My heart is full of the images of people and things. My eye passes lightly over no single trifle; it strives to touch and hold closely each thing its gaze rests upon. Some sights are pleasant, filling the heart with happiness; but some are miserably pathetic. To these latter I do not shut my eyes, for they, too, are part of life. To close the eye on them is to close the heart and mind. My third day of sight is drawing to an end. Perhaps there are many serious pursuits to which I should devote the few remaining hours, but I am afraid that on the evening of that last day I should again run away to the theater, to a hilariously funny play, so that I might appreciate the overtones of comedy in the human spirit. 1. According to the first paragraph, the author is amazed at seeing __________. A. the houses B. the bridge C. the boats D. the river 2. The author most probably thinks that the New Yorkers are __________ the ―glittering spires‖. A. scornful of B. overwhelmed by C. indifferent to D. knowledgeable about 3. When the author sees the passers-by, she would like to __________. A. share their emotions B. show sympathy to them C. enjoy the same life styles D. perceive their bosom feelings 4. When the author observes a woman‘s dress, she pays most attention to __________. A. its designer and brand B. its style and cutting C. its color D. its price 5. What is the author‘s attitude towards her present life? A. She wants to treat it like a comedy. B. She wants to change her life style. C. She enjoys her blindness. D. She is appreciative of life. Passage 3 (Unit 3, Book I: Young Shakespeare. Biography) Every person plans to run off to some tropical isle, but few do. Real life, family, work, and monetary limitations get in the way. Ian Fleming let none of these considerations stop him. After the war, Fleming set down his schedule. The first week of January saw him leave England and travel to Jamaica. The first week of March saw his return. He accepted his job at Kemsley newspapers without compromise -- this portion of the year would be set aside for Jamaica or he would look elsewhere for employment. For 6 years Fleming traveled each winter to Jamaica, lounging in paradise, romancing women, chasing the sunset, but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey which would change his life and popular culture forever. As Fleming waited in Jamaica for Anne's divorce to become final, he wrote the first draft of a novel, Casino Royale. Fleming's career as a writer deserves more examination than can be offered here, but suffice it to say, over the next 12 years, Ian Fleming transformed his elite existence, his arrogance, his style, and his acid wit into some of the greatest thrillers ever written. Fleming incurred the respect of authors as diverse as Raymond Chandler, Kingsley Amis, and Edith Sitwell. His fans included John, Jackie, and Bobby Kennedy, and his social circle included Prime Minister Anthony Eden, Evelyn Waugh, and Somerset Maugham. Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism. Even in stories which had little action or pay off, such as his short non-fiction book, The Diamond Smugglers, the "Fleming-flair" ensured exciting reading. He wrote the "Atticus" column for the Sunday Times, proving a wonderful conduit for inside intelligence information, and clever rebukes. Regardless of book sales or family obligations, Fleming managed to live the life he wanted. As the years passed, his passion for golfing increased so he took more time with it. Fleming's long-term fascination with America grew, so he traveled there more often. Ian Fleming's full life caught up with him through his heart. It may be that years of drinking and smoking took their toll, or that the butter-rich cooking Fleming loved was the culprit. Or maybe it was just genetics. Whatever the cause, Fleming's health declined in the late 1950s. This plus anxieties in the marriage increased Fleming's depression. With the success of Bond, the world came knocking at Fleming's door, and he had a harder time shutting those out that he did not want in his life. Nonetheless, Fleming fought the loosing battle of his weakening heart by throwing more fuel on the fire. He continued to drink and smoke, making some excuses but not many. He wrote books he wanted to read, and traveled the world with style and authority. By this time, Fleming had already earned his own fortune, created his own identity, and ruled his own literary empire. 1. According to the second paragraph, Fleming accepted the job offered by Kemsley newspaper __________. A. and had to give up his yearly holiday plan to Jamaica B. because he was offered to work in Jamaica every winter C. so that he wouldn‘t have to look for employment elsewhere D. on condition that he took two months off to Jamaica every year 2. When he began writing, Fleming never expected that __________. A. he would change popular culture B. he could get over the pressure C. Anne would have a divorce D. Anne would keep his child 3. Fleming‘s thrillers reflected his __________. A. sense for popular culture B. relationship with Anne C. own personalities D. life at Jamaica 4. The fact that ―Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism‖ shows that __________. A. Fleming took up journalism when he finished Bond‘s adventures B. Fleming put Bond through many thrilling adventures C. Fleming described Bond as an adventurous journalist D. Fleming experienced Bond‘s adventures when he was a journalist 5. According to the passage, Fleming died of __________. A. an unidentified reason B. a disease of the heart C. an unknown family disease D. over drinking and smoking Passage 4 (Unit 4, Book I: Migratory Birds and Coffee. Informational. Biology) Scrub jays can trick you, researchers say. Monkeys kick themselves for mistakes in judgment. And at least one parrot figured out something close to the mathematical concept of zero. In study after study over the past decade, they've shown abilities previously thought to exist only in humans. Take the scrub jays. A few years ago, Cambridge University professor Nicky Clayton, PhD, found that these birds can be surprisingly cunning, remembering not only what foods they've hidden but where, how long ago, and whether anyone else might have noticed. "If another bird was watching, they'd wait until that bird was gone and then move the food," Clayton says. Even more interesting, not all jays protected their food that way-only those that had previously raided other birds' stores. "It takes a thief to know a thief," says Clayton. Another recent experiment hints that monkeys experience regret when they make the wrong choice: Researchers say brain scans suggest the animals were having "could‘ve, would‘ve, should‘ve" thoughts. "I knew monkeys were smart, but I didn't think they were that smart," says Michael Platt, PhD, the Duke University neurobiologist who led the study. But perhaps no animal has done more to challenge conventional notions than Alex, an African gray parrot, a 30-year research subject for scientist Irene Pepperberg, PhD. He was constantly being tested; when he was tired of it, he would tell Pepperberg, "Wanna go back"-to his cage. If the request annoyed her, Alex would say, "Sorry." One afternoon, he showed an apparent grasp of something only humans and a few apes had been known to understand: the notion of zero. Pepperberg had a tray of different-colored balls; she wanted Alex to count each group. Using their shorthand, she asked, "What color six? What color two?" Bored, Alex threw the balls on the floor instead. Then, finally, he said, "Five." And repeated it: "Five. Five." There were no five of anything on the tray. So Pepperberg asked, "Okay, smarty, what color five?" Alex said, "None." Not only had the bird figured out an abstract mathematical concept, he had manipulated Pepperberg into asking the question so he could prove it. "I nearly dropped the tray," she says. 1. Which of the following kinds of scrub jays are ―surprisingly cunning‖? A. Those that were stolen of their food. B. Those that learned from parents to steal. C. Those that stole other birds of their food. D. Those that observed other birds steal. 2. The "could‘ve, would‘ve, should‘ve" thoughts indicate that monkeys could __________. A. feel regretful B. feel angry C. be conscientious D. be objective 3. The author thinks that it is most beyond imagination that Alex could __________. A. understand numbers B. interact with humans C. show various emotions D. grasp the concept of zero 4. Alex manipulated Pepperberg into asking the question ―what color five?‖ by __________. A. mentioning the number ―five‖ B. disregarding the researcher‘s question C. showing boredom about constant tests D. throwing the balls on the floor 5. Which paragraph best sums up the main idea of the passage? A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 4. D. Paragraph 6. Passage 5 (Unit 5, Book I: Cheating. Short story. Growing up. Schooling) I started for school very late that morning and was in great dread of a scolding, especially because Mr. Hamel had said that he would question us on participles, and I did not know the first word about them. For a moment I thought of running away and spending the day out of doors. It was so warm, so bright! The birds were chirping at the edge of the woods; and in the open field back of the sawmill, the Prussian soldiers were drilling. It was all much more tempting than the rule for participles, but I had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school. When I passed the town hall there was a crowd in front of the bulletin-board. For the last two years all our bad news had come from there—the lost battles, the draft, the orders of the commanding officer—and I thought to myself, without stopping: ―What can be the matter now?‖ Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go, the blacksmith, Wachter, who was there, with his apprentice, reading the bulletin, called after me: ―Don‘t go so fast, boy; you‘ll get to your school in plenty of time!‖ I thought he was making fun of me, and reached Mr. Hamel‘s little garden all out of breath. Usually, when school began, there was a great bustle, which could be heard out in the street, the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, very loud, with our hands over our ears to understand better, and the teacher‘s great ruler rapping on the table. But now it was all so still! I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen; but, of course, that day everything had to be as quiet as Sunday morning. Through the window I saw my classmates, already in their places, and Mr. Hamel walking up and down with his terrible iron ruler under his arm. I had to open the door and go in before everybody. You can imagine how I blushed and how frightened I was. But nothing happened. Mr. Hamel saw me and said very kindly: ―Go to your place quickly, little Franz. We were beginning without you.‖ I jumped over the bench and sat down at my desk. Not till then, when I had got a little over my fright, did I see that our teacher had on his beautiful green coat, his frilled shirt, and the little black silk cap, all embroidered, that he never wore except on inspection and prize days. Besides, the whole school seemed so strange and solemn. But the thing that surprised me most was to see, on the back benches that were always empty, the village people sitting quietly like ourselves; old Hauser, with his three-cornered hat, the former mayor, the former postmaster, and several others besides. Everybody looked sad; and Hauser had brought an old primer, torn at the edges, and he held it open on his knees with his great spectacles lying across the pages. While I was wondering about it all, Mr. Hamel mounted his chair, and, in the same grave and gentle tone which he had used to me, said: ―My children, this is the last lesson I shall give you. The order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. The new master comes tomorrow. This is your last French lesson. I want you to be very attentive.‖ 1. The author was afraid of the particle quiz because __________. A. he wasn‘t interested in learning particles at all B. he was absent from the first lesson on particles C. he didn‘t know any particles the teacher had taught D. he forgot the first few particles the teacher had taught 2. On the bulletin-board, ―the draft‖ was most probably meant to __________. A. enlist more soldiers to serve the army B. impose more taxes on the townspeople C. announce an effective battle plan D. withdraw troops from the front line 3. In order to get into the classroom without being notice, the author used to __________. A. slip in from the back door B. take advantage of the noise and bustle C. wait until the teacher turned his back D. sneak in during the break 4. The author didn‘t feel the strange atmosphere until __________. A. he heard the blacksmith calling after him B. he heard it would be the last French lesson C. he saw the village people on the back benches D. he saw Mr. Hamel on his most beautiful clothes 5. What do we know about old Hauser? A. He came to inspect the school. B. He was a respectable villager. C. He had an old textbook with him. D. He came for the school open day. Passage 6 (Unit 6, Book I: Fool’s Paradise. Fable) In the south of Spain, there was a small village whose people were very joyful and lucky. The children played under the shade of trees in the gardens of their home. A shepherd boy whose name was Nasir, stayed near the village with his father, mother and grandmother. Early morning each day, he takes his herd of goats up the hills to find a suitable place for them to graze. In the afternoon he would return with them to the village. At night his grandmother would tell him a story. As usual, on one of these days, as Nasir was watching his herd and playing his flute he suddenly saw a wonderful light behind the flower bush. When he came towards the branches he saw a transparent and most beautiful crystal ball. The crystal ball was glittering like a colorful rainbow. Nasir carefully took it in his hand and turned it around. With surprise suddenly he heard a weak voice coming from the crystal ball. It said; "You can make a wish that your heart desires and I will fulfill it." Nasir could not believe that he had actually heard a voice. But he became so engrossed in his thoughts for he had so many wishes but he must wish for something which was impossible like the wish to be able to fly. He said to himself, if I wait till tomorrow I will remember many things. He put the crystal ball in a bag and gathered the herd, happily returned back to the village. He decided that he would not tell anyone about the crystal ball. On the following day also, Nasir could not decide what to wish for, because he really had everything he needed. The days passed as usual, and Nasir appeared to be very cheerful that the people around him were amazed to see his cheerful disposition. One day a boy followed Nasir and his herd and hid behind a tree. Nasir as usual sat in one corner, took out the crystal ball and for a few moments looked at it. The boy waited for the moment when Nasir would go to sleep. Then he took the crystal ball and ran away. When he arrived in the village, he called all the people and showed them the crystal ball. The citizens of that village took the crystal ball in their hand and turned it around with surprise. Suddenly they heard a voice from inside the crystal ball, which says, "I can fulfill your wish." One person took the ball and screamed, "I want one bag full of gold." Another took the ball and said loudly, "I want two chests full of jewelry." Some of them wished that they would have their own palace with grand door made from pure gold instead of their old houses. Some also wished for bags full of jewelry, but nobody asked for gardens in their palaces. All their wishes were fulfilled but still the citizens of the village were not happy. They were jealous because the person that had a palace had no gold and the person that had the gold had no palace. For this reason, the citizens of the village were angry and were not speaking to each other. There was not even one garden which existed in the village where the children could play. The patience of the children was running out and they were uncomfortable. Nasir and his family were happy and pleased. Every morning and afternoon he would play the flute. The children could not wait anymore and decided to return the crystal ball to Nasir. The parents and neighbours went to him. The children said to Nasir; "When we had a small village we all were happy and joyful." The parent also spoke. In one way or another nobody is happy. The expensive palaces and jewelry only bring us pain. When Nasir saw that the people were really regretful, he said I have not wished till now, if you really want everything to return to its own place, then I will wish for it. Everyone happily agreed. Nasir took the crystal ball in his hand turned around and wished that the village become the same as it was before. Everyone quickly turned towards the village and saw it became the same old village with gardens full of trees and fruits. Once again the people started to live happily and the children played under the shade of trees. From the next day and everyday at sunset the sound of Nasir's flute could be heard in the village. 1. The details in the story are organized in the pattern of __________. A. cause and effect B. chronological order C. spatial order D. exemplification 2. When Nasir heard the voice from the crystal ball, he didn‘t answer immediately because __________. A. he wanted to save the wish for his family B. he was too happy to remember anything C. he was shocked by the talking ball D. he didn‘t know what wish to make 3. The boy followed Nasir in order to __________. A. prove that Nasir was hiding something good B. take the ball and share with the villagers C. find out why Nasir was cheerful D. steal the ball when Nasir slept 4. ―Nasir and his family were happy and pleased‖ because __________. A. only their family had a garden B. their life was not disturbed by the ball C. they saw the trouble caused by the ball D. they only wished for a happy life 5. The story may well illustrate the proverb ―__________‖. A. A contented mind is a continual feast. B. A little learning is a dangerous thing. C. Every advantage has its disadvantage. D. God helps those who help themselves. Passage 7 (Unit 7, Book I: The Call of the Wild. Novel. Classical.) 215 FERGUSSEN HALL 24th September Dear Kind-Trustee-Who-Sends-Orphans-to-College, Here I am! I travelled yesterday for four hours in a train. It's a funny sensation, isn't it? I never rode in one before. College is the biggest, most bewildering place--I get lost whenever I leave my room. I will write you a description later when I'm feeling less muddled; also I will tell you about my lessons. Classes don't begin until Monday morning, and this is Saturday night. But I wanted to write a letter first just to get acquainted. It seems queer to be writing letters to somebody you don't know. It seems queer for me to be writing letters at all--I've never written more than three or four in my life, so please overlook it if these are not a model kind. Before leaving yesterday morning, Mrs. Lippett and I had a very serious talk. She told me how to behave all the rest of my life, and especially how to behave towards the kind gentleman who is doing so much for me. I must take care to be Very Respectful. But how can one be very respectful to a person who wishes to be called John Smith? Why couldn't you have picked out a name with a little personality? I might as well write letters to Dear Hitching-Post or Dear Clothes-Prop. I have been thinking about you a great deal this summer; having somebody take an interest in me after all these years makes me feel as though I had found a sort of family. It seems as though I belonged to somebody now, and it's a very comfortable sensation. I must say, however, that when I think about you, my imagination has very little to work upon. There are just three things that I know: I. You are tall. II. You are rich. III. You hate girls. I suppose I might call you Dear Mr. Girl-Hater. Only that's rather insulting to me. Or Dear Mr. Rich-Man, but that's insulting to you, as though money were the only important thing about you. Besides, being rich is such a very external quality. Maybe you won't stay rich all your life; lots of very clever men get smashed up in Wall Street. But at least you will stay tall all your life! So I've decided to call you Dear Daddy-Long-Legs. I hope you won't mind. It's just a private pet name we won't tell Mrs. Lippett. The ten o'clock bell is going to ring in two minutes. Our day is divided into sections by bells. We eat and sleep and study by bells. It's very enlivening; I feel like a fire horse all of the time. There it goes! Lights out. Good night. Observe with what precision I obey rules--due to my training in the John Grier Home. Yours most respectfully, Jerusha Abbott To Mr. Daddy-Long-Legs Smith 1. Jerusha felt ―muddled‖ because __________. A. she had never written to the trustee before B. she was not familiar with the college yet C. she could never find the way to her room D. she had never traveled on a train before 2. Jerusha thought that she couldn‘t be very respectful to ―John Smith‖ because __________. A. he was a total stranger to her B. she was sure it was a fake identity C. the name was not distinctive enough D. nobody would like to be called that name 3. According to Jerusha, knowing about the trustee‘s being rich was __________. A. superficial B. unimaginable C. rumorous D. insulting 4. The fact that her day ―is divided into sections by bells‖ makes Jerusha feel __________. A. as busy as a fire horse B. restricted by rules C. pressed for time D. full of vitality 5. Jerusha decided to call the trustee Dear Daddy-Long-Legs __________. A. in order to show her respect for him B. because it was one of his internal qualities C. in order to make them feel closer to each other D. because she had always wanted a father Passage 8 (Unit 8, Book I: Two boxes of Gold. Different Careers) My job is to provide relevant, factually accurate information that is interesting, useful and entertaining to my readers, be they Brainstorm or ITWeb readers. My job is not to get your corporate message across. If you want to get your corporate message out to the market take an advertisement, or, failing that, do a good enough job that your clients get your message and spread it for you, then you wouldn‘t be so desperate that you have to attempt to force me to do it. Secondly, my job is to take information from any sources as I feel are relevant or necessary, and process it into one smooth, seamless story that makes sense, and is easy and pleasant to read. It is not my job to print every single word of jargon and marketing waffle that spews from your lips. Should you choose to spew jargon and marketing waffle during an interview, it will not be used. Try plain, simple English in future. What my job reminds me of is to use comments and quotes that provide knowledge and insight, not to use anything you have said merely because you have said it. What I use and what I do not use in a story is my privilege. Should I choose not to use your quote there is nothing you can do about it. Further, my job is to write stories that my readers want to read, thus keeping the magazine or website‘s ideas alive and kicking, and thus providing advertisers with an audience to advertise to. Should I write what you want me to write my readers will stop reading and you will have no vehicle for your marketing and advertising. Additionally, should you have a hissy fit and threaten to pull your ads, or never advertise again, because I ran a story you did not like, or did not use your quotes, or looked at you funny when you were having a bad day, you are not going to get a sympathetic response. You will get a positive and professional response. Nice people will kindly attempt to explain to you about press freedom, and what is enshrined in SA‘s constitution, and that ―really, really, we‘re sorry but advertising people have no control over what those journalists do‖. What you will get from me is the pleasure of never being interviewed by me again. I will not be blackmailed. I will not be bullied. And I most certainly will not interview you again, knowing that if you happen to take an ad for that feature you will assume I am running your quotes to keep you happy. Conversely, I will not do an interview knowing that if I do not run your quotes you will assume it is because you have not taken an ad. So the next time you have the urge to ask me if you can approve copy, or tell my sales team that you will not take an ad unless you are guaranteed editorial, remember the above and think about what you are actually doing. You are asking me to compromise my ethics, credibility, reputation, integrity and – ultimately – my career and I will not do that – for you or anyone. 1. The author suggests that corporate message should be sent to the consumers primarily by __________. A. committing to advertising B. improving product quality C. spreading public praise D. attracting more readers 2. According to the author, jargon and marketing waffle are __________. A. irrelevant B. unintelligible C. professional D. monotonous 3. The author writes most probably in order to chiefly satisfy __________. A. his desire B. the editors C. the media D. his readers 4. When the author refuses to take the clients‘ quotes, he doesn‘t expect them to think __________. A. that he is being blackmailed B. it is because they have taken an ad C. it is because they have pulled their ads D. that he is being professional 5. It can be assumed that the author is __________. A. a novelist B. an advertiser C. a journalist C. an interviewer Passage 9 (Unit 9, Book I: Mona Lisa’s Smile. Informational. Art) Self-Portrait with Straw Hat (1887), a van Gogh self-portrait done in Paris, is one of his most intriguing yet most neglected works. The artist‘s gloomy eyes stare out from his face in half-profile, facing to the left, and the world-weary expression initially appears to support the view of critics such as James Risser, who explains van Gogh‘s self-portraits as a sustained search for identity. Self-Portrait with Straw Hat (1887) initially appears to comply with Risser‘s evaluation. In this work, the painter depicted himself wearing a jumper of intense blue before a background done almost entirely in gray but with noticeable blurs of blue—most notably in the top right corner. Overall the painting appears to be unfinished, a hastily done portrait that the painter abandoned to create more lasting works. In its incomplete state we can precisely read ―an unfinished life,‖ and in the wild strokes of casual blue in the background and splashed across the artist‘s garments we are instantly confronted with the sense of growing ―more and more out of control.‖ But is this an accurate evaluation? On the one hand, Risser seems to have legitimate cause for envisioning van Gogh‘s self-portrait as psychological self-analysis, a painting that ―reveals an emotional intensity hiding beneath the surface‖. But is the chaotic surface effect of the blue in this painting actually a form of self-criticism, the artist‘s own intense and emotional despair over his loss of control—or is it representative of an underlying aesthetic whose focus is not the painter himself? An intriguing alternative exists: van Gogh may not have painted the self-portraits as psychoanalytical evaluations of himself, but instead merely as experiments in technique. The artist often stated that he painted himself only because he lacked other models, a view found in the critical work of both Richard Kendall and T.J. Shackelford. Perhaps, then, van Gogh was not trying to learn about himself but about art as a whole while painting these portraits and hence we ought to read the self-portraits as a series of statements about art itself. The key to this analysis may be a careful exploration of the special color symbolism van Gogh attached to the color blue. Unlike our everyday association of blue with melancholy or boredom, the artist imagined blue as a symbol for the infinite or the limitless. Such a view calls into question the idea that self-portraits such as van Gogh‘s Self-Portrait with Straw Hat (1887) were a psychological profile of the artist‘s melancholy or despair. Instead, when we consider blue‘s special symbolic role as the infinite in van Gogh‘s Paris self-portraits, we discover a new narrative describing the painter‘s own aesthetic: his insistence that the future of art lay in expressive rather than realistic methods. 1. What does James Risser think of van Gogh‘s self-portraits? A. Different self-portraits represent van Gogh‘s different attitude towards life. B. Many of his self-portraits have been neglected by critics. C. Van Gogh sought for identity through all his self-portraits. D. Van Gogh expressed his weariness of the world in most of his self-portraits. 2. Which description is mentioned in the second paragraph about van Gogh‘s Self-portrait with a Straw Hat? A. The painting is not well done. B. The painting mainly used gray. C. The painter used blue but erased it later. D. The portrait showed a depressed emotion. 3. Who felt that the self-portrait showed ―an unfinished life‖? A. Van Gogh himself. B. Risser‘s opponents. C. The author. D. James Risser. 4. According to Richard Kendall and T.J. Shackelford, the Self-portrait with a Straw Hat may not have anything to do with __________. A. van Gogh‘s painting technique B. the symbolism of color C. the psychological analysis of the painter D. the painter‘s aesthetic 5. According to van Gogh himself, his self-portraits were intended to be __________. A. narrative B. expressive C. analytic D. artistic Passage 10 (Unit 10, Book I: London. Informational. British customs and culture.) Scottish customs and traditions cover a very wide range of topics. Everything from kilts to golf, bagpipes to whisky, Celtic crosses to Protestant missionary work, the "second sight" to Nessie. The history of the bagpipes takes us a long way back from today and far away from Scotland. Everyone thinks about Scotland when they hear the word ―bagpipe‖, but this instrument is so old that true age and origin are unknown. In some historical documents it is written that the pipes were first played somewhere around Asia Minor in 1000 BC. Also, it is said, by some, that "Emperor Nero played the "Pipes" not the fiddle, while Rome burned." Some 'form' of bagpipes are used in many European countries but in Scotland they have become an integral part of the country's culture. Scotland is the ancestral home of the "Great Highland Bagpipes" known to all as the "Great Pipes". A Pipe band is one thing that every visitor of Scotland wants to see. These are groups of men (in modern times it can be both men and women); each group has matching skirts, fancy jackets and strange little hats. They march around squeezing the air out of big tartan bags (known as bagpipes) and blowing it in again through a pipe attached to the bag. This results in a racket known as "the skirl o' the pipes" which is almost indistinguishable from the noise made by the haggis during the mating season. These pipe bands often turn out to be Australians, not Scots at all! The tartan kilt has long been the most recognizable cultural tradition of the Highland Scots, but just like the other symbols, kilts have also an unknown origin. One sure fact is that the wearing of the kilt has been developed in the 19th century during the reign of Queen Victoria. It had been created for some rational reasons: men who wore it could make very quick moves, wade through rivers and shelter in huts, woods and rocks, etc. There is a question which will always linger next to the word ?kilt‘ and that is: Do people who wear kilts have underwear or not? Even though there are lots of people who consider this immoral, the tradition says that underwear should not be present if one is dressed in a kilt, the only exception being the participation to some sportive games and the presence of women. In the 50‘s, soldiers were verified if they wore underwear by their sergeants who used a long stick that had in the top a mirror. Other two reasons for which Scotland is famous are its traditional food and of course, whisky. No one could argue that traditional Scottish cooking has produced one of the great cuisines of the world. The quality of the ingredients has always been excellent: the world's finest seafood including shellfish, lobster and crabs, and varieties of fish too numerous to mention; succulent lamb and beef; soft fruit including raspberries, strawberries and blackberries and a host of locally produced types of cheese, including cheddar from Ayrshire and Galloway. The national dish is the haggis, a type of food that combines mutton with other ingredients and which is served with turnip and potatoes. Whisky has been produced in Scotland for hundreds of years. It is well known that the Irish created this alcoholic drink, but the Scots were the ones who brought it to the form that we drink today. Whisky refers to a broad category of alcoholic beverages that are distilled from grains and aged in oak casks. The name means water of life. 1. Emperor Nero was mentioned to illustrate __________. A. the legendary origin of bagpipes B. the relation between bagpipes and Minor Asia C. the higher importance of bagpipes over fiddles D. the cultural significance of bagpipes 2. Which of the following descriptions is suitable for the bagpipe performance? A. Bagpipe bands used to consist of male Australians only. B. Bagpipes are played to imitate the noise of mating haggis. C. Bagpipe bands must dress in specific performance costumes. D. Bagpipes are too heavy to carry around during the performance. 3. A lot of people consider it ―immoral‖ to __________. A. ask whether people who wear kilts have underwear B. wear a kilt without having underwear C. have underwear when wearing a kilt D. set up such a privacy-violating rule of kilt-wearing 4. Ayrshire and Galloway are most probably famous for __________. A. their excellent fruit B. their cheese production C. the national dish, the haggis D. the traditional Scottish cooking 5. The author chose to only introduce bagpipes, kilts, food and whisky because __________. A. the author had greatest delight in them B. the author was best-informed about them C. they are more interesting than other customs and traditions D. they are more famous than other customs and traditions Passage 11 (Unit 11, Book I: The All-American Slurp. Informational. American customs and culture.) ―Please pass the turkey and dressing.‖ What does this simple request make you think about? If you are an American, you think about Thanksgiving. A turkey dinner symbolizes Thanksgiving for Americans. What does Thanksgiving remind Americans of? Their families. Thanksgiving is a family time. On this holiday, families gather to gobble up the gobbler and stuff themselves with stuffing. Family members enjoy watching parades and football games on TV and just being together. What does ―family‖ mean to Americans? The traditional American family is a ―nuclear family‖. A nuclear family refers to a husband and wife and their children. The average American family today has two or three children (and maybe a few pets).In some cultures, people live close to their extended family. Several generations may even live together. In America, only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof. American values receive a warm welcome in the home. Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality often exists in American homes. Instead of fearing Mom and Dad, children may think of them as good friends. Husbands and wives often share household chores. In many cases, a child can enjoy privacy in his or her own bedroom. From an early age, children gain responsibility in handling money. They may receive a weekly allowance or even work part-time jobs. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions. Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear or which toys to buy. Young adults generally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry. Families in America, like those in every culture, face many problems. Social pressures are breaking apart more and more American homes. Over half of U. S. marriages now end in divorce. More than one in four American children is growing up in single-parent homes. As a result, many people believe the American family is in trouble. Even so, there is still reason for hope. Many organizations are working hard to strengthen families. Americans almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life. The vast majority also feel that the traditional two-parent family is best for children. They realize that problems in family life in recent years have brought about serious consequences. As a result, more and more people are making their family a priority. Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children. Families are going on vacations and outings together. Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their marriages solid. The United Nations has declared 1994 the ―International Year of the Family‖. Not just in America, but all over the world, people recognize the importance of strong families. How do you strengthen the family bond? Do special things for each other. Talk to each other. Play together. Spend time together. Oh, and one more thing: be thankful for each other. If you have a family, every day should be Thanksgiving. 1. The author writes the first paragraph to __________. A. introduce the traditions of a holiday B. lead in the topic of the passage C. exemplify the American holidays D. highlight the importance of family 2. Compared with nuclear families, extended families may __________. A. have more generations under one roof B. have to face more problems C. keep more traditions and customs D. keep closer family bond 3. The American values reflected in the American families does not include respect for __________. A. equality B. privacy C. freedom D. diligence 4. What does the author think of the problems facing the American families now? A. They will become even worse because of the ever-increasing social pressure. B. They will be solved sooner or later because more and more people come to realize them. C. They will exist along with the society because every culture has the same problem. D. They will remain all the time because they are part of the family life. 5. What does the author suggest at the end of the passage? A. Thanksgiving should be settled as an everyday holiday. B. Americans should find more holidays to celebrate. C. It‘s better for family members to care more for each other. D. Other countries should learn form the United States. Passage 12 (Unit 12, Book I: On the Wrong Side of the Global Divide. Informational. Minority and Disadvantaged group) The level of discrimination has varied enormously in the history of human societies, from genocide where ethnics are killed off through expulsion and, when these extreme forms of discrimination are not possible, through segregation in a ghetto and a narrow range of jobs. One type of ethnic minority is lower class. Here disproportionate numbers of a population are isolated in slum housing tracts and pushed into the lowest-paying occupations such that they are in the poverty classes of a society. African-Americans have suffered this fate in the United States. Another type of ethnic minority created by discrimination is the middleman minority where members are segregated but, at the same time, allowed to occupy a narrow range of entrepreneurial and professional economic positions which give them some affluence. For example, Jews in feudal and early modern Europe often occupied high positions in banking and finance; and many Asian immigrants in America today have moved into small business niches. What determines which type of a minority an ethnic population will become? One important condition is the resources – money, entrepreneurial know-how, educational credentials – that a population can mobilize. When ethnics have some resources, they can more readily move into intermediary minority positions and live a more middle-class life style. But resources are not the only factor; another is the absolute size of an ethnic population. A small minority with resources can more easily find intermediary niches than a large one, for the simple reason that there are not enough small-business positions for a large population. A large ethnic population will, therefore, be pushed to lower niches especially if their resources are limited and, as a result, their ability to fight off discrimination is low. African-Americans have suffered this fate: They are too large a group to fill middlemen minority positions, and they have insufficient resources to overcome discrimination. Indeed, what often happens is that members of a large minority who can mobilize resources – say, educational credentials – move into middle-class positions, leaving behind their fellow ethnics. For example, many blacks in America have made dramatic strides in moving to the middle-classes in the post-Civil Rights era, but the fate of the vast majority of blacks in the lower classes has remained the same, or worsened over the last twenty-five years. Black America itself is thus divided by large class differences. 1. Which of the following is the correct description of ―genocide‖? A. It is a place where ethnics are discriminated. B. It is an extreme form of ethnic discrimination. C. It is manifested by means of segregation. D. It is the earliest discrimination in history. 2. How were the Jews in feudal and early modern Europe discriminated? A. They were isolated in living in slum housing tracts. B. Only the lowest-paying occupations were available to them. C. Only very few high-paying professions were open to them. D. They suffered the same fate as the African-Americans. 3. The Asian Americans are classified as the middleman minority mainly because __________. A. their population is smaller than that of the African Americans B. they are not discriminated as severely as the African Americans C. they cannot go beyond small business D. they are a small minority with resources 4. What is most likely to happen to the large ethnic minority, according to the last paragraph? A. All its members have to stay in the lower class. B. It is hard for its members to enter the middleman class. C. There is obvious class division in the group itself. D. There is no way for them to overcome discrimination. 5. Which of the following factor determines one‘s chance to move into the middle class? A. The population of the group one is in. B. One‘s ability to make use of resources. C. One‘s educational background. D. The severity of discrimination. Passage 13 (Unit 13, Book I: Your College Experience. Informational. Education) When they advise your kids to ―get an education‖ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide man power for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school. Get college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master‘s degree, make sure it is a M.B.A., and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect. Do you know, for instance, that long-hand truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average salary for those truckers was $24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $23, 930. A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far. If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or – worst of all – in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns. You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you. 1. By mentioning Bernard Shaw and Thomas Edison, the author means to support the idea that __________. A. one‘s chance to succeed has nothing to do with education B. many talented people become successful without education C. few people can be successful without a high school education D. people as famous as them will succeed without proper education 2. The law of diminishing returns is manifested by the fact that __________. A. the elder generations earn less than their children‘s generations B. ordinary truck drivers have to work harder than full professors C. a college diploma is more promising than a high school diploma D. people with a B. A. earn more than those with a doctor‘s degree 3. It is indicated in the passage that it is most likely for the Ph. D.s in philosophy to be __________. A. of little commercial value B. not needed by the society C. difficult to succeed in their profession D. unable to satisfy the country‘s demand 4. Your income can parallel your education only when __________. A. you are not a Ph. D. in liberals arts B. you get no more than college education C. what you learn is practical but not theoretical D. what you learn is not beyond the national demands 5. The author suggests that it‘s satisfactory enough for one to get __________. A. a high school diploma B. a college degree C. a master‘s degree D. a doctor‘s degree Passage 14 (Unit 14, Book I: The Confidence Game. Keys to success) Hazel asks how one can stay healthy working the hours I've been working. Here's one thing that helps: don't do it forever! My work is always more than forty hours a week, but these periods of never stopping and sleep deprivation don't go on for very long at a time. The last five weeks or so have been particularly busy, and the last two before a major vote especially so. Most organizers, under the pressure, resort to bad coping mechanisms like overeating, smoking, or drinking too much. It's so easy to think that a quick fix like that will make you feel better, when in the long run it makes you feel worse. I found that keeping low calorie really helped me maintain my mental focus in the last days. There's something about eating just on the lighter side of what I really need that makes me calmer and sharper. Planning is really the key. We made the appetizing muffins over the July 4th weekend, and they were really a health-saver in these last two weeks. Being able to pull a 275 calorie package of perfectly zoned yumminess out of the freezer, engineered to have 27% of the RDA (Recommended daily allowance) of everything, made grabbing healthy food in a hurry easy. I had appetizing muffins for breakfasts on most days with such toppings as hot sauce, mustard, and fat free cream cheese. I really enjoy this little bread, so I felt like I was feasting instead of feeling deprived. Since my husband packs my lunch time salad, filled with an amazing array of greens that pack a nutritional punch along with pumpkin seeds for zinc and fat and eggwhites for protein, I had lunches taken care of. And I was lucky enough to be working in a place that has a convenient Subway, so Subway salads and low carb wraps were always available. Subway can really be a blessing to the health conscious on the run. The good news is: WE WON!!! And we won big. 272 votes for us, 128 for the other union, and only 19 for no union at all. It was a fight up until the end, including threats of violence from the other union. Don't worry, Mommies and Daddies out there. I was very careful never to be alone anywhere, I am being extra cautious. Our leaders inside the hospital were under a ton of pressure as they got attacked by both management and the other union, but so many of their co-workers were supportive that they held up beautifully. Now they finally have a chance to negotiate a contract that gets them the kind of salaries, benefits and working conditions they deserve. It's about time. I'm off to a meeting to plan next steps... the fun never ends! 1. In order to stay healthy while working busily, the author suggests that __________. A. we should work no more than forty hours a week B. we should try to get rid of the working pressure C. we should try to avoid sleep deprivation and fast food D. we should stop working and make up for sleep at times 2. The author keeps low calorie by __________. A. excluding greasy food from her diet B. eating less than necessary C. taking up a nutritious recipe D. having no more than three meals a day 3. What did the author eat for supper? A. Salad and low carb wraps bought in the Subway. B. Appetizing muffins with diverse toppings. C. Green salad with pumpkin seeds and eggwhites. D. A nutritional punch prepared by her husband. 4. Being an organizer, the author works for __________. A. an election committee B. a charity fund C. a labor union D. a hospital management 5. ―Mommies and Daddies out there‖ were worried __________. A. about the author‘s personal safety B. that the author‘s union would fail in the election C. about the opposition in the hospital D. that the author couldn‘t get through the pressure Passage 15 (Unit 15, Book I: Starting Over at 85. Life of a successful people.) Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English-language edition of his elegant monthly magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong. Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest ―Operation Columbus‖ and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition of FMR – the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci – is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US$500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over ―an inferiority complex about their art.‖ He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange – what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic. To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising – and expensive – promotional campaigns in magazine-publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazine. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US$5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporation. ―To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsor,‖ reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. ―We would like Italians.‖ Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled – and won – on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about. thHence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-color pages of 17-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable. 1. Naming his quest ―Operation Columbus‖, Ricci is confident that __________. A. he will be as influential as Columbus B. he will open up the American market C. the Americans will associate his magazine with adventurous pioneers D. his magazine will be as memorable as Columbus‘ discovery of America 2. What does the author think about Ricci‘s marketing the English edition of FMR? A. The American history makes it hopeful for the goal to fulfill. B. The fulfillment of the goal lies on Ricci‘s marketing strategy. C. Ricci still has a long way to go before he fulfills the goal. D. It is quite possible and feasible for Ricci to fulfill the goal. 3. What is the main content of Ricci‘s magazine FMR? A. Articles on culture, art and business. B. Articles and pictures about fashion. C. Pictures of works of art. D. Pictures of trendy items. 4. The copies of the sample edition of FMR will be distributed to __________. A. magazine and newspaper readers B. well-educated periodical subscribers C. households in direct mails D. downtown passers-by 5. Ricci tries to persuade the Italian corporations to help by __________. A. including them in Operation Columbus B. showing them the staggering price tag C. comparing them to the Spanish sponsor D. arousing passionate patriotism in them Passage 1 1. [A]【定位】第2段第3句。 【解析】根据原文该句母亲所问的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 可以推断母亲接到电话的时候，第一个反应是“担心”，因此本题应选选项A。本题最具有干扰性的是选项C，suspicious和第2段最后一句中的suspect属于同一个词族，但要注意的是，在文中suspect是“猜想”的意思，而不是“怀疑”的意思，而suspicious只有“怀疑的、可疑的”意思，这样来看就知道选项C不符合原文的内容了。 2. [C]【定位】第4段最后两句。 【解析】可以说，母亲的朋友也应该是老年人，他们应该也像母亲一样很少能和儿女聚会，由此可推断，他们认为作者通过邀请母亲吃饭而表达对母亲的爱，作者这样做让他们很感动，因此本题应选选项C。作者和母亲的晚餐聚会发生在原文提到impressed这个动作之后，而原文没有提及在聚会之后朋友们的感觉，因此选项A是不正确的;选项D是几乎每个父母都有的感觉，朋友们不可能因此而感动。 3. [D]【定位】第5段第2句。 【解析】从原文前5段的内容可以推断母亲觉得自己像第一夫人是因为她那天很高兴，能和儿子一起吃饭让她觉得很得意，而且也以儿子为荣，因此，本题选择选项D最合适。我们可以用另一个方法快速锁定正确答案。原文该句中的as if 表示一种感觉，在四个选项中，只有选项D中的felt表示感觉，其他三个选项的动词都用于描述现实，在这种情况下，即使选项C中的important在现实中也可用来形容当第一夫人的感觉，也可以马上排除了。 4. [B]【定位】第8段第1句。 【解析】原文该句中的recent events表明母亲在吃饭时谈起的是最近发生的事，在4个选项中选项B提到的时间是最近的，因此选项B为本题答案。选项C的memory与第6段末句中的nostalgic意思相关，但原文该句只表明母亲想起了过去，但不一定在吃饭时就“主要”谈起过去，因此选项C是不正确的。 5. [B]【定位】第9段和最后两段。 【解析】从第9段的I'll go out with you again可以知道母亲在提出请儿子吃饭时，她还是想 着自己一定会去的，根据倒数第2段最后两句和最后一段的哲理可以推断母亲当时提出邀请是因为她也要让儿子知道她很爱他。由此可见，本题应选选项B。倒数第2段第5句表明母亲并不能确定自己的病情，所以说“她快要死了”(选项A)是过度推断。选项D是另一个强干扰项，但别忘了第9段的I‘ll go out with you again，当母亲提出邀请时，她并没有想要邀请媳妇一起参加，这可能是后来回家之后才想到的，所以选项D并不是母亲已开始提出邀请时的目的。 6. [C]【定位】最后一段第2句。 【解析】最后一段是对全文中心思想的概括，第2句表明family是最重要的东西，可见本文是为了说明我们要珍惜我们的family，因此本题应选选项C。本题稍具干扰性的是选项B，但本文并不是对“爱”泛泛而谈，而是主要针对家庭成员的“爱”，所以选项B过泛了。 Passage 2 1. [B]【定位】第1段第3句。 【解析】题干中的amaze和原文该句中的startle同义，都有surprise的意思，本题其实要求理解该句中的the lacy structure of steel所指是什么。steel是这个建筑物的材料，而steel后的定语从句which spans the East River表明这个建筑物横跨在河上，从这写信息可以推论这个建筑物是一座铁桥，故选项B为本题答案。 2. [C] 【定位】第2段第2句。 【解析】第二段第一句中的fantastic，第二句中的awe-inspiring，第三句中的vast和such as the gods might build for themselves都表明作者会对看到的建筑物表示“赞叹”之情，在四个选项中，选项C与这种情绪的表达最为接近，故为本题答案。 3. [A] 【定位】第4段第2、3、4句。 【解析】第四段最后两句是对第二句的解释，解释作者如果能看到经过的路人会想什么。从最后两句的内容I see smiles, and I am happy. I see serious determination, and I am proud, I see suffering, and I am compassionate.可以推断作者会感受路人的情绪，会与他们欢喜悲哀与共，因此，本题应选选项A。选项C中的life style涵盖范围过宽，而原文只是提到“情感”方面的感受而已。选项D意为“理解他们内心深处的感受”，可以说，原文这几句话表现出来的内容还没有到“内心”那么深入，几句话描述的都只是作者对路人面部表情的观察而已。 4. [C] 【定位】第5段第3句。 【解析】原文该句中的I‘m certain that …表明作者会对color很着迷。本题最具迷惑性的选项是选项B，因为第5段第4句提到了style和cut，但要注意这一句用的是虚拟语气，表明作者对于styles和cut的感受都只存在于假设当中，所以不要被选项B给迷惑了。 5. [D] 【定位】全文 【解析】在回答本题时，千万不要被最后一段提到的关于comedy的内容所迷惑了。这一段提到的是作者在最后一天的那一个晚上的安排，她说她会再次去看一场戏剧，去欣赏人类精神世界中喜剧的泛音，由此可见，选项A是毫无根据的(她要把她的生活当作一部喜剧)。从全文的描述来看，可以看得出作者对于外界的事物都抱着积极、欣赏的态度，因此，本题答案应为选项D。本题涉及作者的tone and attitude，最好在看完全文、理解了全文内容后，再次斟酌一下作者的用词，以感受作者的情绪。 Passage 3 1. [D]【定位】根据题干中的Kemsley定位到第2段最后一句。 【解析】原文该句破折号前后的内容表明Fleming接受Kemsley newspaper的工作是有条件 的，破折号后的内容就是这个条件，选项D中的on condition that也表示基于某种条件去做一件事，选项D是对破折号后的内容的近义改写，因此选项D为本题答案。本题的解题关键是理解原文该句中的without compromise。选项A与原文内容相反;原文表明Fleming每年冬天在Jamaica度假，而不是如选项B中说的去工作，因此选项B不正确;选项C是原文没有提到的内容，难以证明是否能与原文内容构成因果关系。 2. [A]【定位】第3段第1句。 【解析】本题实际上要求选择在Fleming开始写作后发生的事，而且这件事必须是他开始写作前没有考虑到的。第3段第1句末尾的定语从句中的时态would表明定于从句的内容是发生在Fleming开始写作之后，而且他自己从没想过自己的写作生涯会造成那么大的影响，由此可见，本题应选选项A。选项B是促使Fleming开始从事写作的原因，因此这应该是Fleming有考虑到的。选项C和选项D是发生在Fleming开始写作之前就发生了的事实，他对此肯定是知道的，所以这两个选项都不符合题意。 3. [C]【定位】根据题干中的thrillers定位到第4段第1句。 【解析】原文该句中的elite existence, arrogance, style, acid wit等都是与个性特点有关的内容，表明Fleming在他的小说中融进了自己独特的个性特点，因此本题应选选项C。选项B和选项D都是Fleming的经历，但与elite existence, arrogance, style, acid wit 等“个性”特点关系不够紧密，因此本能选。 4. [B]【定位】根据题干中双引号里的内容定位到第5段第1句。 【解析】原文该句中的fill out … with …表明Fleming用adventure journalism“充满”了关于Bond的故事，Bond是他所写的故事的主角，这也就是说，Fleming在小说中让这个主角经历了各种各样的“历险”，由此可见，本题应选选项B。干扰项都围绕journalism一词做文章，在原文中，adventure journalism应理解为“新闻式的历险故事”，也就是说，在原文中，journalism并不与真正的“新闻业”，“新闻工作”，“记者”等有关，它只是用来描述Fleming的故事特点，可见，其它选项都是对journalism的错误理解。 5. [B]【定位】第7段首句和最后一段首句。 【解析】第7段首句和最后一段首句都提到了heart一词，而最后一段首句中的loosing battle of his weakening heart明确表明Fleming无法战胜他的心脏病，并最终输掉了与心脏病的“战斗”，由此可见，Fleming是死于心脏疾病的，即选项B为本题答案。本题最具干扰性的事选项A。第7段第2句和第3句的may be 表示猜测和不确定性，有些同学可能会因此而误选选项A，事实上，这些是针对心脏病成因的猜测，而不是对Fleming死因的猜测。 Passage 4 1. [C]【定位】第2段和第3段。 【解析】结合第2段和第3段的内容可推断“特别狡猾”的松鸦是那些曾经偷过别人食物的，只有这些“特别狡猾”的松鸦才会把自己的食物藏好，免受其他鸟类的偷窃，可见，本题应选选项C。根据第3段最后一句Clayton所说的"It takes a thief to know a thief,"可以推断raided other birds' stores是偷窃别人食物的意思，其他选项虽然都有steal一词，但原文都不符合原文对“偷窃”的描述。 2. [A]【定位】第5段。 【解析】通常来说，"could‘ve, would‘ve, should‘ve"都是用于评论过去做过的事情的，结合第5段第1句中的regret可知在本文中，"could‘ve, would‘ve, should‘ve"表明猴子会产生“后悔”的情绪，因此，本题应选选项A。 3. [D]【定位】第1段第3句和最后4段。 【解析】 结合第1段第3句和最后4段可知第1段提到的那只鹦鹉就是最后4段详细描述的Alex，这些段落提到Alex都是为了说明这只鹦鹉的特点是它能理解“零”这一个数学概念，因此，本题应选选项D。其他三个选项都属于Alex的超凡的能力，但在原文中，与对“零”这一个数学概念的理解相比，这些能力都是研究人员早就得知的了的，因此，这些都不会让研究人员太感到意外，可见，这三个选项不如选项A符合题意。 4. [A]【定位】第8段最后4句。 【解析】对于如何发现Alex有理解“零”这个概念的能力，本文的相关描述始于第8段倒数第3句的Then, finally, …，其中，Alex首先提到了“五”这个数字，然后Pepperberg才对它提出了问题，由此细节叙述的先后关系可知Alex通过提到“五”去引导Pepperberg问问题，因此，本题应选选项A。选项C和选项D都是第8段提到的内容，但从原文的结构来看，Then, finally, …表明选项C和选项D与对Alex拥有理解“零”的能力的叙述无关，因此，这些不可能是导致Pepperberg问问题的原因。 5. [A]【定位】第1段最后一句及全文。 【解析】本文第1段最后一句明确指出本文的主题，第1段是全文的总起，接下来的段落分别以“松鸦”“猴子”和“鹦鹉Alex”为例说明第1段提到过的主题，可见，本题应选选项A。其他选项分别是三个例子的首段，属于文章的细节，不是主题。 Passage 5 1. [C]【定位】第1段第1句。 【解析】本题要考查的是对I did not know the first word about them的理解，这一句话应理解为作者从一开始就不懂分词，那就意味着他不懂任何的分词，因此，本题应选选项C。选项B和选项D都利用了原文的first，但这两个选项是对the first word about …的曲解;原文没有提到作者对分词的“兴趣”，因此选项A也应排除。 2. [A]【定位】第2段第2句。 【解析】本题要考查的是对draft一词的理解。draft是一个多义词，有“起草”，“设计”，“征兵”等不同的意思，从该词前面的“败仗”和后面的“司令”等词可以知道此处的draft应为“征兵”的意思，因此，本题应选选项A。选项C(征税)和选项D(撤兵)都与draft的语义毫无关系，不能选;选项B中虽有plan一词能与“起草( 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 )”的意思扯上一点关系，但本句破折号前的bad news表明draft应该是一则坏消息，而选项B中的effective与bad的语义刚好相反，因此，选项B不正确。 3. [B]【定位】]第5段第4句。 【解析】原文该句中的count on the commotion表明作者通常依靠于课室当是一片喧闹，就能溜进教室而不被发现，选项B是对count on the commotion的近义改写，故为本题答案。其它三个选项可能是迟到的同学会用的招数，但在本文并无相关的信息。 4. [D]【定位】第7段第2、3、4句。 【解析】从第1段到第7段第1句，作者都处于因为上学迟到而惊慌失措的情绪当中，对于在这之前发生的事，他并没有想过有什么不妥，直到第7段第2句他才定下神来，然后注意到老师的衣服与平时不同，而该段第4句中的最高级… surprised me most …表明前两句提到的老师的衣着已经开始让他觉得奇怪了，由此可见，本题应选选项D。选项A发生在作者到达学校之前，那个时候他对周围的气氛并没有感到有什么不妥的，因此，选项A不符合题意。选项C是另外一件让作者感到奇怪的事情，但并非第一件，因此也不符合题意;选项B使作者揭开了心中的疑问，那个时候他应该已不再感到奇怪了，因此，选项B也不能选。 5. [C]【定位】第7段最后一句。 【解析】本题解题的关键是primer的词义，从该句中的torn和the pages可以推断primer应该是一本 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf ，而根据上下文的内容可以推断old Hauser是来听课的，因此他拿着的应该是一本教科书，由此可推断选项C是正确的。第7段倒数第2句在提到old Hauser的时候，同时提到了以前的镇长、以前的邮政局长等，这可能会让人联想到old Hauser是不是也有个一官半职的，但就算他是官员，文章并没有提到他们是来检查学校工作的，因此，选项A不正确;同样，虽然原文提到那天课室里面有学生外，还有很多村民，但根据上下文可知他们并不是来参观学校的，原文也没有提到那天是学校开放日，因此，选项B不正确;选项D中的respectable缺乏原文依据。 Passage 6 1. [B]【定位】全文。 【解析】从第1段中的morning, afternoon, at night, on of these days, 第2段最后一句的the following day, 第3段首句的the days passed，最后一段末句的the next day等都可以知道本文是根据时间顺序组织故事的发展的，因此本题应选选项B。英文段落的组织形式有:因果，举例，对比，按时间顺序，地点顺序等，抓住文章里可能表示这些形式的关键词就能做出比较准确的判断。 2. [D]【定位】第2段第6句。 【解析】原文该句中的engrossed和for引出的原因从句表明Nasir当时全神贯注地想他应该许个什么愿，由此可见，本题应选选项D。选项B中的happy与该段第8句有关，但第8句描述的内容距离他捡到水晶球听到水晶球说话的时间已经较远了，由此可见，选项B将原文分散在两句里的remember, happy等词拼凑在一起，原文根本没有选项B的内容。选项C的内容与第2段第5句的内容有关，原文该句表明Nasir听到水晶球会说话感到难以置信，但下一句的but表明第6句的内容才是作者强调的内容，那才是导致Nasir没有立刻回答的原因，因此本题不能选选项C。 3. [C]【定位】第3段第1句和第2句。 【解析】原文这两句之间存在一种隐藏的因果关系，首句说Nasir总是表现得很开心，第2句说一个小男孩趁他外出放羊的时候“跟踪”他，我们可以推断这个小男孩很好奇Nasir为什么总是那么开心，由此可见，本题应选选项C。选项A是最具干扰性的。原文表明村民们都不知道Nasir高兴的原因，这样说来，他们也就不能确定Nasir藏着什么秘密，这个秘密是好的还是坏的，既然他们不能“确定”，那么选项A中的prove就无从说起了。剩下的选项B和选项D也可以同样的方式排除，那个小男孩既然不知道Nasir有一个水晶球，这两个选项就没有前提了。 4. [B]【定位】第4段倒数第2句。 【解析】从下一段第1句可以知道当村民们逐一向水晶球许愿时，Nasir一家并没有要回水晶球，也就是说他们的生活还保持像没有见到水晶球以前一样，由此可见，本题应选选项B。也因此可以排除选项D。本题还要注意选项C，虽然Nasir一家肯定看到了村民们混乱的生活，当原文没有提到他们因此而感到高兴、幸灾乐祸，因此，选项C与题干是不能构成因果关系的。 5. [A]【定位】全文。 【解析】通读全文可以知道本文通过Nasir和水晶球的故事说明了“知足者常乐”的道理，选项A正是这个意思，为本题的正确选项。本文的故事很简单，但是要正确回答本题，就要对英语谚语有所了解。选项B的意思是:只知道皮毛是一件危险的事;选项C的意思是:有利必有弊;选项D的意思是:天助自助者。 Passage 7 1. [B]【定位】根据题干中的muddled定位到第2段第1、2句。 【解析】作者在第2段第2句说到等她less muddled的时候，就会写一个详细的description，结合上一句的主题，这里的description是指对大学的描述，可见，是因为初到学校，对学校不熟悉，使作者感到muddled，因此，本题应选选项B。 选项C是最具干扰性的，该选项是第2段第1句破折号后的内容，要注意的是，在第1句中，主题应该是college，“my room”只是附加内容，因此第2句的muddled针对的应该是college，而不是“my room”，因此，选项C是不正确的。 2. [B]【定位】第5段第1句。 【解析】第5段第2句中的pick out表明Jerusha认为John Smith这个名字是收信人自己随便挑的，也就是说，她认为这个名字是假的，因此，本题应选选项B。在第5段中，关键词是pick out，Jerusha最介意的是对方随便选一个名字敷衍她，至于和对方有多熟悉，对方的名字有没有个性，都不是造成Jerusha难以尊重对方的原因。 3. [A]【定位】第7段第3句。 【解析】原文该句中的external表明Jerusha认为being rich只是一个人很外在、表面的特点，由此可见，本题应选选项A。第6段最后一句提到Jerusha知道有关于the trustee的三个特点，其他就难以想象了，由此可见，关于the trustee很富有这一点，Jerusha是不需想象的，因此，选项B是不正确的;而原文也没有提到Jerusha如何得知the trustee很富有，是从传闻而来的，还是有根有据的，原文都没有提及，因此选项D也是不正确的。选项C取自第7段第2句，但该句只表明Jerusha认为把the trustee称为Mr. Rich-Man，对对方很insulting，她并没有认为知道对方是有钱人是一件insulting的事，因此，选项C也不正确。 4. [D]【定位】根据题干中双引号里的内容定位到倒数第2段。 【解析】原文该段第4句中的It's very enlivening表明Jerusha认为听着铃声安排生活使她觉得“充满活力”，由此可见，本题应选选项D。选项A提到的fire horse在该段第4句提及，第4句包含两个被分号分隔的分句，后一个分句是对前一个分句的补充说明，由此可见，fire horse还是与enlivening有关，而与busy无关，因此选项A不正确。其他两个选项缺乏原文依据，但这两个选项很可能会是某些读者对“打铃”的感觉，由此会导致误选。 5. [C]【定位】根据题干中的Dear Daddy-Long-Legs定位到第7段最后3句。 【解析】第7段最后一句中的pet name表明Jerusha认为Dear Daddy-Long-Legs这个名字表示一种“爱”，“爱称”只有关系亲密的人之间使用，由此可见，Jerusha使用这个称呼是为了拉近距离，因此，本题应选选项C。pet name通常与“尊重”关系不大，因此选项A不正确。虽然第7段提到being rich是一种external quality，但没有提及being tall是external还是internal，所以选项B不正确;选项D纯属臆测，没有原文依据。 Passage 8 1. [A]【定位】根据题干中的corporate message定位到第2段第2句。 【解析】题干中的primarily表明我们要查找传达商业信息的首选做法，第2段第2句中的or, failing that, 表明其前面提到的take an advertisement就是首选做法，该句提到的其他做法都是在“广告”这个途径失败后才采取的，由此可见，本题应选选项A。选项B和选项C都不是“首选”的做法，选项D没有原文依据。 2. [B]【定位】根据题干中的jargon and marketing waffle定位到第3段最后3句。 【解析】原文该段末句的plain，simple表明作者不采用jargon and marketing waffle 是因为它们不够通俗易懂，由此可见，本题应选选项B。从jargon一词可能会让人联想到选项C，而waffle一词可能让人联想到选项A或选项D，但这些选项只是想象或是读者自己 产生的联想，没有原文依据。记住千万不要以自己的想象代替作者的想法。 3. [D]【定位】第5段。 【解析】第5段首句表明读者想看什么，作者就写什么，可见他的写作是为了迎合读者的需求，因此本题应选选项D。虽然第4段表明在故事里使用什么语句有作者自己决定，但这不意味着他的写作是为了满足自己，可见选项A不正确;第5段第1句提到了magazine和website等与media有关的词，但句中的thus …表明这些并不是作者首要关心的东西，读者才是他最关心的，因此选项C不能选。 4. [C]【定位】倒数第2段最后一句。 【解析】原文该句可以理解为:如果某些客户认为，作者不将客户提供的材料写在故事里是因为他们没(在作者所在的杂志)做广告的话，作者是不会去访问这些客户的。也就是说，作者不希望客户因为遭到拒绝而联想到是因为他们没有做广告。因此，本题应选选项C。本题解题的关键在于理解倒数第2段最后一句，这一句含有三个否定形式，而整个句子没有借助标点符号将逐句从句分开，这是最难的。但如果我们在quotes后加一个逗号将句子稍微分割，就好理解多了。 5. [C]【定位】全文和第6段最后一句。 【解析】除了根据各段对作者的工作性质的描述外，证明作者是journalist的最直接证据是第6段的最后一句，该句提到了those journalists，因此本题应选选项C。文中多次提到关于advertising和interview的词句，但通读全文就会知道作者对advertisement不太在意，而interview只是作者作为journalist必须要做的工作之一，因此，选项B和选项D都是不正确的。 Passage 9 1. [C]【定位】根据题干中的James Risser定位到首段末句。 【解析】首段末句的定语从句表达了James Risser对梵高自画像的看法，选项C是对这个定语从句的同义改写，为本题答案。 【点睛】第1段、第2段和第4段都提到了James Risser对梵高自画像的评价，但只要根据James Risser这个专有名词为定位工具逐一查对James Risser的观点，不难发现其它选项都缺乏原文依据。James Risser在谈论凡高自画像时，一是总体评价了凡高所有的自画像，二是单独评价了“戴草帽的自画像”，因此，选项A中的different …，选项B中的many， 选项D中的most这些数量都难以证实。 2. [A]【定位】第2段。 【解析】第2段末句中的appears to be unfinished, hastily done等表明这幅自画像虽然已完成，但质量不高，因此选项A符合原文的说法。该段第2句表明自画像的背景多用灰色，但选项B说的是全画多用灰色，这是不符合原文的;选项C中说到“蓝色后来被擦掉了”，这在原文并无提及，原文提到了蓝色是noticeable(显而易见)的;如果根据第1段的第2句，选项D的内容是正确的，但别忘了本题针对的是第2段，与第1段无关。 3. [D]【定位】根据题干中的 ―an unfinished life‖定位到第3段。 【解析】第3段虽然没有明确写到这一段是谁的观点，但是，我们要知道本文前三段和第4段第2句都是Risser的观点，由此可知，本题应选选项D。本题虽然看起来只关于一个细节，但要正确解答本题，必须理清全文结构才行。另外，不要因为第4段第2句开头的On the other hand而误以为前一段的观点是与Risser观点相反的人提出的。 4. [C]【定位】根据题干中的人名Richard Kendall and T.J. Shackelford定位到第4段第5句。 【解析】根据对段落结构的分析，我们可以发现，Richard Kendall和T.J. Shackelford 的观点是与Risser不同的，而Richard Kendall和T.J. Shackelford的观点分散在第4段第4 句到最后一句当中。仔细阅读这些句子，可以发现倒数第2句提到他们这一派不赞同凡高自画像与凡高的心理分析有关，由此可见，他们最不认同的应该是选项D的内容。第4段第4句明确指出了凡高自画像与凡高的绘画技术有关，可见选项A不合题意;第6局指出研究凡高自画像应以凡高赋予颜色的象征意义为基础，可见选项B不符合题意;最后一句提到了选项D的内容，可见选项D也不符合题意。 5. [B]【定位】全文最后一句。 【解析】最后一句中的lay in … rather than …表明凡高认为将来的艺术应强调“表现力”，而非“现实主义”，结合本段其它内容可知，梵高将这种理念贯彻到了他的自画像当中，由此可见，本题应选选项B。本题的前两个选项都出自最后一句，在这一句中，narrative不用来形容梵高的艺术理念，而是一个名词，指某一篇记叙文而已;选项C是Risser的观点;选项D是art的派生词，原文提及梵高认为他的画作是为了表达艺术，而不是表达自己，重点还是“表达”二字，他要讨论的是画作的“表达形式”，而非笼统的“艺术性”，因此选项D也是不正确的。 Passage 10 1. [A]【定位】根据题干中的Emperor Nero定位到第2段第4句。 【解析】第2段第一句中的history是该段的主题词，该段其他句子就是为了说明风笛的历史的，因此，有关Emperor Nero的故事也是为了说明风笛的历史和起源，由此可见，本题应选选项A。本段考查的是例子——观点的关系，或者说主题——细节的关系，答题时需要先理清哪个是观点/主题，哪些是例子/细节。选项B中的Minor Asia在该段第3句提到，这一句提到的内容和第4句的内容并列，是风笛的历史的两种不同的猜测，互不相干，所以选项B是不正确的;选项D的内容隐含在该段第5句中，但这一句和第4句的内容同样是互不相关的，所以选项D也不能选;选项C利用了原句的一些词语，但从原句难以推断bagpipes和fiddles存在如选项C的比较关系。 2. [C]【定位】第3段第2句。 【解析】原文该句中的第2个分句对服装的描述暗示风笛乐队表演时要穿上特定的演出服，由此可见，选项C的说法是正确的。该段最后一句表明现在风笛乐队“常常”是澳洲人，但often一词也暗示乐队并不 “绝对”都是澳洲人，而且，从该段第2句我们只能知道以前乐队都有男性组成，至于是男性的苏格兰人还是澳洲人，这就不得而知了，因此，选项A是不正确的;该段第4句提及风笛发出的声音很象哈吉斯羊交配时发出的声音，但演奏风笛并不是为了模仿这种声音，因此选项B不正确;该段第3句的they march around 表明演奏者要扛着风笛边走边演奏，选项D中的too … to carry around与此信息刚好相反，因此也是不正确的说法。 3. [B]【定位】根据题干中的immoral定位到第5段第2句。 【解析】本题实际上考查原文该句中代词this的所指。this通常指后面将要提到的内容，据此我们可以知道this是与后面穿格子权的传统有关的，结合该段第1句的问题可以推断人们认为穿格子裙不穿内裤是不道德的，因此本题应选选项B。如果知道that代指前面提到过的内容，而this代指后面将提到的内容，选项A很容易可以排除;选项D是另一个具有干扰性的选项，要注意的是，虽然人们认为这个传统的规定immoral，读者可能会由此联想到privacy-violating(干涉隐私)的，但原文并没有与privacy相关的内容，因此选项D的说法应该属于过度推断，不能选。 4. [B]【定位】根据题干中的Ayrshire and Galloway定位到第6段倒数第2句。 【解析】原文该句是一个长句，里面列举了多种苏格兰的上乘烹调用料，其中Ayrshire and Galloway出现在句末，从cheddar from Ayrshire and Galloway可以知道这两个地方生产 cheddar，而在结合前面的内容可以推断cheddar是一种cheese，由此可见，Ayrshire and Galloway是专门出产cheddar奶酪的地方，因此本题应选选项B。本题最具干扰性的是选项C，选项C的内容紧跟着出现在原文Ayrshire and Galloway这两个地名的后面，很容易让人误解这两个地方与the national dish有关，但只要我们看回该段第2句开头就知道第2句和第3句是关于不同话题的，第2句列举的是ingredients，第3句讲的是national dish，两者是不相关的。 5. [D]【定位】倒数第2段第1句。 【解析】原文首段介绍了8种苏格兰的传统事物，但接下来至详细的介绍4种传统事物，其原因可以从倒数第2段第1句找到。该句提到食物和威士忌是“其他”两个让苏格兰闻名于世的原因，由此可推断，之前提到的风笛和格子裙也是使苏格兰闻名于世的原因，由此可见，作者选择介绍这四种事物是因为它们都很“著名”，因此，本题应选选项D。本题考查的因果关系在原文其实没有直接或间接的提到，遇到这样的题目，答案通常是最具原文依据或内容与原文主题最相近的选项。在本题中，选项D中的famous具有原文依据，而其他三个选项都没有原文依据，即使选项D看起来与题干并没有很明显的关系，也只有选项D与原文内容最相关了。 Passage 11 1. [B]【定位】第1段。 【解析】主旨题。从第1段末句和第2段首句的关系可以判断，第1段的作用是通过讲述较 为有趣的感恩节传统引出本文主题——美国家庭，然后从第2段开始，每一段说明 美国家庭的一个方面，由此可见，本题应选选项B。选项A和选项C的重点都放 在了“holiday”，这并非作者的写作意图。首段只是描述美国家庭如何庆祝感恩节， 并没有指出家庭的重要性，因此选项D业是不正确的。 2. [A]【定位】第2段第5句。 【解析】推断题。第2段第5句指出extended families有时有几代人住在一起，而从该段对 nuclear family的描述可以看出nuclear family通常只有两代人，由此可见，选项A 为本题答案。 其它选项在现实生活中也有可能出现，但它们在文中并没有讨论，没有相关细节去推断它们是否属实。 3. [D]【定位】第三段。 【解析】细节题。原文中没有细节讨论家庭成员是否应勤奋工作或学习，虽然第3段第6 句提到夫妻分担家务，但这个细节是用于说明家庭成员尊重“平等”的，因此本题 答案应为选项D。在第3段中，从第3句至第6句是关于尊重“平等”的(即选项 A)，第7句是关于尊重“隐私”的(即选项B)，第10句是关于尊重“自由”的 (即选项C)。 4. [B]【定位】第五段首句。 【解析】观点题。文章第五段开头作者认为仍然有“希望”解决美国人所面临的家庭问题， 接着作者描述了美国方方面面为此所做的努力，故可推断作者认为问题迟早会解 决。所以选项B正确。另外三个选项都与原文的观点相反。 85. [C]【定位】第六段第4句。 【解析】推断题。作者在文章最后一段指出―家人应为彼此做些特别的事‖，也就是说应该彼 此多关心，来巩固家庭关系。故选C。原文末段的中心内容是:作者希望每个人都 能互相疼爱，使家庭气氛融洽。其它选项都只是根据该段某些句子做表面的推断， 没有考虑本段的主旨，因此都不是正确的推断。 Passage 12 1. [B]【定位】根据题干中的 genocide定位到首段。 【解析】在首段中以when引出的状语从句里，these extreme forms of discriminations指的就是前面提到的genocide和expulsion，由此可见，选项B的说法是正确的。从首段的主要句式the level … varied … from genocide … through segregation可以知道genocide并非一个地方，而是种族歧视的一个level，因此选项A不正确，而从该句的句式也可以知道genocide和segregation是两种不同程度的种族歧视，由此可以知道选项C不正确;原文并无提及earliest discrimination是什么，首段只是指出genocide是最严重的discrimination，因此选项D不正确。 2. [C]【定位】根据题干中的Jews in feudal and early modern Europe定位到第2段末句。 【解析】第2段末句开头的for example表明犹太人的遭遇是用于说明上句观点的例子，要知道犹太人受到的歧视是怎样的，只要在上句查找就行了。通过查找上一句可以知道犹太人受到的歧视属于middleman minority，而该句中的a narrow range of …表明选项C为本题答案。选项A和选项B都是针对lower class的做法，不是对middleman minority的做法，因此也不适用于犹太人身上，选项A不正确;选项D中的African Americans是属于lower class的，显然，犹太人和他们受到的歧视的形式是不相同的。 3. [D]【定位】根据题干中的Asian Americans定位到第3段第5句。 【解析】从第2段最后两句可以知道在美国的亚裔人也属于middleman minority，而第3段解释了决定一个族群成为哪一种少数族群的因素:资源和人口。要考虑为什么美国的亚裔人能成为middleman minority，就要综合考虑这两个因素，而该段第5句中的主句概括了这两个因素，为本题答案。选项A中的population表明该选项过于片面，不正确;选项B和选项C都不是决定少数族群类型的因素。 4. [C]【定位】末段倒数第3句和末句。 【解析】末段倒数第3句末的leaving behind their fellow ethnics明确表示人口众多的少数族群会产生阶级分化，该段末句以美国黑人为例再次证实了这个观点，由此可见，选项C为本题答案。选项A中的all和选项D中的no way都过于绝对，而且选项A的说法与末段倒数第3句和末句的内容相反，而末段第6句末的their ability to fight off discrimination is low 表明他们并非完全没有能力消除歧视，选项D的说法过于绝对了;原文并无讨论进入中层阶级的难易程度，选项B没有原文依据。 5. [B]【定位】末段倒数第3句。 【解析】原文该句中由who引出的定于从句指出了一个人能进入中层阶级的条件，选项B表达了与此相同的内容，为本题答案。本题提问的是一个人进入中层阶级的决定因素，选项A是其中一个决定整个族群类型的因素，不符合题意;末段倒数第3句中的say, educational credentials表明选项C说明resources的一个例子，如果选择选项C就太片面了;选项D在原文并无提及。 Passage 13 1. [C]【定位】第2段。 【解析】第2段第2句中的unless表明所举的例子是例外，即表明像萧伯纳和爱迪生那样没读完小学都能成功是少有的例子，因此选项C为正确的说法。第2段首句表明一定的教育程度还是必需的，所以选项A不正确;选项B是将例子提到的现象推广为普遍现象，并非作者引用例子的原意;选项D将因果倒置了，肖伯纳和爱迪生因为他们的成就而闻名，而不是先出名再成功的，选项D不符合逻辑。 2. [D]【定位】第3段末句和第4段。 【解析】从第4段的例子可以推断第3段末句提到的the law of diminishing returns意为:受教育越多，收入越少。据此判断，可知选项D为正确的说法。选项A的信息点均无在原文提及;原文之对比了truck driver和full professor的收入，并没有对比他们哪个工作比较辛苦，因此选项B不正确;在大学毕业之前，收入是与受教育程度成正比的，选项D就符合这种说法，但这并不是“收益递减规律”。 3. [A]【定位】第5段首句。 【解析】第5段讨论了博士学位的价值，该段表明不能转化为工业或商业效益的博士学位是没有价值的，其中包括了该段第3句提到的几种博士，而且该句表明哲学博士的状况最为严峻，结合所有这些信息可以推断选项A为本题答案。第5段末句开头的not for our needs表明我还是需要这些博士的，因此选项B不正确;本文没有讨论博士们怎么才算在职业上获得成功，本文只是从收入这个方面比较各个层次的教育状况，因此选项C没有原文依据;选项D与原文刚好相反，选项D说的是博士不能满足社会的要求，而原文第5段最后两句讲的是社会不需要那么多的博士，选项D虽然看起来用词语原文很相似，但意思却是完全不同的。 4. [D]【定位】末段。 【解析】原文末段表明了收入与教育程度成正比的条件，那就是:当别人可以从你所受的教育收益时，你的收入才会与教育程度成正比。该段首句中的so far表明了这个观点在以上的段落早有提及，即第5段提到的，超出了国家的需求的教育程度就变成毫无用处，连工作都难以找到，由此可见，选项D为本题答案。选项A中的liberal arts过于概括，而原文作者基本上认为任何博士学位用处都不大，因此选项A不正确;虽然在第3段第4句表明名牌大学的MBA学位应该比大学学位收入高，因此选项B不正确;本文没有提到哪些学科属于practical，哪些属于theoretical，选项C没有原文依据。 5. [B]【定位】第3段第2句。 【解析】原文该句表明作者认为大学毕业后无需再接受更高级的教育了，显而易见，选项B为本题答案。本题最具干扰性的是选项C，原文第3段第3句也有提及作者认为大学毕业后可以考虑读硕士，但这个硕士学位是有限制的:必须名牌大学的MBA，由此可见，作者认为其他的硕士学位是没有必要的，选项C过于宽泛，不正确。 Passage 14 1. [D]【定位】第1段第2句和第3句。 【解析】根据原文这两句建议我们不能长时间持续工作而不睡觉，反过来说，就是建议我们要时不时放下工作，补充睡眠，由此可见，选项D与原文内容一致。选项B和选项C都很具干扰性。选项B中的pressure一词在第2段首句有提及，但原文只提到我们有工作压力，而没有谈到要怎样消除，而且选项B说到的“消除工作压力”太泛泛而谈了，没有实际的原文依据;选项C看起来像是将第1段和第2段提到的内容结合了起来，看起来是最具概括力的，但其实第2段提到的overeating，drinking，smoking等都不是与fast food直接相关的内容。 2. [B]【定位】第2段最后一句。 【解析】原文该句中的on the lighter side of what I really need表明作者有意减少食量，以保持头脑清醒，选项B是对该句的近义改写，为本题答案。本题考查对lighter side的理解，light可以理解为“轻的、少的”，或“清淡的”，结合后面的of what I really need可以知道light理解为“少的”比“清淡的”更合适。 3. [A]【定位】第3段最后一句。 【解析】虽然原文该句没有明确表明这一句说的与作者的晚餐有关，但从本段前面分别提到的breakfast, lunch可以知道最后这一句应该讲到晚餐了，由此可见，选项A提到的就是作者晚餐所吃的。选项B是作者的早餐，选项C是午餐，选项D是选自倒数第3句的片断，还是属于午餐的内容。 4. [C]【定位】第4段末句和最后一段。 【解析】首段末句的vote和最后一段反复提及的union可以知道作者的组织活动与union的选举有关，倒数第2句表明这个union可以协商工资、津贴、工作条件等合同内容，由此可以推断这个union是一个labor union(工会)，因此选项C为本题答案。作者服务的对象是“工会”，而不是整个选举的委员会，因此选项A不正确;工会的领导来自医院，不等于作者也为医院工作，起码从本文当中只能知道作者是一个为union工作的organizer，这与“医院”关系不大。 5. [A]【定位】第4段第4句、第5句、第6句。 【解析】从第4句和第6句的内容可以推断Mommies and Daddies担心作者的安全，因此本题应选选项A。其它选项都与作者参与的选举活动有关，但从关键词Mommies and Daddies 在文中所处的位置来看，他们的担心只与作者的自身有关，与其它选项的关系不如与选项A的关系密切。 Passage 15 1. [B]【定位】根据题干中的Operation Columbus定位到第2段第1句。 【解析】原文该句and后的内容解释了为什么Ricci要将他的计划命名为Operation Columbus， 其他他要像哥伦布发现新大陆一样“发现一个美国的市场”，由此可见，本题应选选项B。三个选项中的形容词influential、adventurous和memorable都利用了人们对“哥伦布发现新大陆”产生的联想，但原文并没有其他句子支持这三个选项的内容，而原文该句中的discovering an American readership也不能使人联想到与这三个选项有关的内容。 2. [D]【定位】第2段第2句。 【解析】原文该句中的not … far-fetched意为“并非不可能”，由此可见，作者认为Ricci很有可能实现他的计划，这个计划是可行的，因此本题应选选项D。本题稍具干扰性的是选项A，因为其中的hopeful也表明作者认为Ricci实现计划的可能性很高，但该选项中的前半部分内容The American history却是没有原文依据的。作者只是单纯对Ricci实现计划的可能性做出猜测，没有设定这种可能性还要附带什么条件，像选项A中的American history和选项B中的marketing strategy就是附带条件，都缺乏原文依据。 3. [C]【定位】第2段第5、6、7句和最后一段第2、3句。 【解析】原文第2段和最后一段相关句子中的art一词表明这本杂志是与艺术有关的，而第2段中的no more than five articles和最后一段中的to show art than to write about表明这本杂志多用图片而少用文章，结合这些内容即可确定本题应选选项C。本题虽然不是主旨题，但同样需要通读全文才能确定答案，考查对多处信息的概括归纳能力。 4. [A]【定位】第3段第3句和第4句。 【解析】第3段第3句提到FMR的样品派发给了subscribers of … magazines，第4句提到剩下的样品作为《纽约时报》的周日附刊去派发，结合这两处可以推断本题应选选项A。选项B中的periodical subscribers是正确的，但前面的形容词well-educated对读者范围的限定缺乏原文依据。虽然原文提到了cultural, art and business magazine和New York Times，但我们还是不能因此而确定他们的读者都是受过良好教育的。 5. [C]【定位】根据题干中的Italian corporations定位到第3段最后两句。 【解析】第3段最后一句中的promotional pamphlet(推广手册)里所说的句子就是Ricci用 来说服意大利商人资助他的计划的方法，结合Ricci的计划名为Operation Columbus这一内容，可以推断Ricci将那些肯资助他的意大利人与资助哥伦布发现新大陆的西班牙人相提并论，使那些肯赞助的人充满荣誉感，因此，本题应选选项C。本题最具干扰性的是选项D。原文该句中的Spanish和Italian会让人联想到不同的国籍，很容易就会误选与国籍有关的“爱国情绪”，但原文并没有明确提到将Italians和Spanish sponsor相提并论会激起意大利人的什么感情，是“荣誉感”，“爱国之情”，还是“参与创造历史的感觉”等等，我们都不得而知，唯一知道的就是将Italians和Spanish sponsor相提并论是为了说服Italians资助计划。