鲁东大学校考现代语言学试题A卷

鲁东大学校考现代语言学试题A卷 现代语言学试题A卷 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2% × 10=20%) 1. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals etc. in terms of ____. A. manner of articulation B. openness of mouth C. place of articulation D. voicing 2. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _____. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 3. The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _____ formula “S?NP VP”. A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical 4. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are _____. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 5. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ______. A. polysemy B. hyponymy C. antonymy D. homonymy 6. The utterance “We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week.” obviously violates the maxim of ______. A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner 7. When a ______ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and children learn it as their first language, it becomes ______. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creole C. regional dialect...lingua franca D. lingua franca...regional dialect 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in ____ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9. ____deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition _______. A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation. B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings. C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language. D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use. II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11. In the course of time, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s studies, such as sociology and psychology. 12. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, q or command. 13. A r is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning. 14. A c sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other. 15. That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c antonyms. 16. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u is concrete and context-dependent. 17. As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain c , pragmatics can also be regarded as a kind of meaning study 18. Language change is essentially a matter of change in the g . 19. For language to be eventually acquired, children must be provided with an appropriate e . 20. A good second language learner is an adolescent who has a strong and well-defined m to learn. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%) 21. ( ) In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form. 22. ( ) Saussure took a sociological view of language and his notion of language is a matter of social conventions, while Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view. 23. ( ) A compound is the combination of only two words. 24. ( ) Linguistics is the scientific study of language. 25. ( ) Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. 26. ( ) Language development can be viewed as linguistic evolution from one stage to another. 27. ( ) The division of English into Old English, Middle English and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary. 28. ( ) An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition， unlike entailment，is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. 29. ( ) It is evident that SLA takes place only when the learner has access to L2 input and the opportunity to interact with the input. 30. ( ) When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them. ?. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%) 31. diachronic linguistics 32. suprasegmental features 33. inflectional morpheme 34. hyponymy 35. syntax 36. Cooperative Principle 37. language transfer 38. critical period hypothesis 39. register 40. acculturation V. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%) 41. What are the main features of the English compounds? 42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production.