上外09年高翻学院翻译学翻译综合及实践试题

上外09年高翻学院 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc 学翻译综合及实践试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 2007-2009年上海外国语大学翻译学研究生入学考试翻译综合试卷 2007年上海外国语大学翻译学 研究生入学考试翻译综合试卷 一、下列学者、诗人汉语通用译名及国籍(15) Peter Newmark Geoffrey Chaucer John Dryden Halliday George Elliot 二、下列术语汉语通用译法(25) Skopos Theory Meta-language Imformative function Intra-lingual translation Deconstruction 三、解释“归化”“异化”概念，谈谈自己的理解(40) 四、西方历史上的翻译家知道哪几位,选其中一位介绍(译著、成就)(40) 五、Introduce briefly in English what is Consecutive Interpreting. 注:20世纪70年代，德国的功能派翻译理论家提出了了翻译行为论(theory of translational action)与翻译目的论(skopos theory)并将此确立为功能翻译理论的核心内容。 meta-language: 语言学概念，“元语言” informative function: 语言学家为语言划分了三大功能:表情功能(expressive function),信息功 能(informative function)和效果功能(vocative function)。翻译学家纽马克认为，翻译应分为“语 义翻译”和“交际翻译”两种。文学作品是以表情功能为主的问题，因此要侧重于语义翻译。 2008年上海外国语大学翻译学 研究生入学考试翻译综合试卷 一、写出下列人名的通用译名及国别 (15分) Ernest Hemingway M.A.K. Halliday E.A. Nida James S. Holmes Peter Newmark 二、写出下列术语的通用译法 (25分) Dynamic Equivalence Critical Discourse Analysis Target Language Domestication Pragmatics 三、解释“动态平衡”概念，并阐述你的看法。(40分) 四、西方历史上的翻译家你知道几位,选其中一位谈谈你对他的认识(译著、成 就)。(40分) 五、Please briefly describe in English what is "Simultaneous Interpreting". (30分) 08翻译系翻译实践试题(英汉及完型) 1.cloze,无选项 2.最后三段翻译 From broken windows to broken schools IN THE 1990s New York City's success in cutting crime became a model for America and the world. Innovative policing methods, guided by the “broken windows” philosophy of cracking down on minor offences to encourage a culture of lawfulness, showed that a seemingly hopeless situation could be turned around. It made the name of the mayor, Rudy Giuliani, now a presidential aspirant. Hopeless is how many people feel about America's government-funded public schools, particularly in the dodgier parts of big cities, where graduation rates are shockingly low and many fail to achieve basic levels of literacy and numeracy. As with urban crime, failing urban schools are preoccupying countries the world over. And just as New York pointed the way on fighting crime, under another mayor, Michael Bloomberg, it is now emerging as a model for school reform. On November 5th Mr Bloomberg announced a new “report card” for the city's schools, designed to make them accountable for their performance. The highest-graded schools will get an increased budget and perhaps a bonus for the principal (head teacher). Schools that fail will not be tolerated: unless their performance improves, their principals will be fired, and if that does not do the trick, they will be closed. This is the culmination of a series of reforms that began when Mr Bloomberg campaigned for, and won, direct control of the school system after becoming mayor in 2002. Even before the “report cards”, there have been impressive signs of improvement, including higher test scores and better graduation rates. (Mr Bloomberg has not been as brave with schools as Mr Giuliani was with crime. Oddly given his belief in competition, the former media mogul shunned the most radical option—vouchers that allow parents to shop around beyond the public-schools system for their children's education. On the other hand, even supporters of school choice, like this newspaper, have to admit it is proving hard to sell. (This week voters in Utah rejected a proposed voucher scheme, thought to be the 11th time in succession that voters have said no to something similar.) Nor has Mr Bloomberg made a big push to introduce large numbers of independent charter schools as exist, say, in Los Angeles. ) Against this, Mr Bloomberg has provided an example of what a mayor with control of schools can do even without embracing such controversial ideas. He has avoided inflammatory political terms—“merit pay” and “vouchers” are red rags to teachers' unions. Instead, by using the carrot of pay rises to extract performance concessions from principals and teachers, and by persuading philanthropists such as Bill Gates to pay for innovations that might be hard to sell to the public if the public had to pay for them, he has put in place a system based on transparency, accountability and competition that he hopes will achieve much the same effect. Will it? A lot will depend on whether Mr Bloomberg's actions continue to match his tough talk. Unless bad schools are indeed closed, his scheme will be as much good as a blackboard with no chalk. But there are some parallels with Mr Giuliani's crime reforms. For the New York Police Department's giant CompStat database, which provided useful insight into crime patterns, read a new schools information system for students, parents, teachers and schools administrators designed by IBM. For the concept of making precinct police captains personally accountable for reducing crime, read the grading of schools and firing of failing principals. And so on. Will it last? New York's reforms are encouraging other cities to consider giving the mayor control of schools. That is a good idea, if only because school boards, the current alternative, are usually packed with patronage dispensing cronies of the unions. Voters now know who to blame in New York if the schools are bad. But mayoral control alone is no guarantee of success. For one thing, it can all too easily be reversed: it is by no means certain that the next mayor of New York will be granted the same powers as the present one, or will use those powers to sack bad teachers. The best hope is that Mr Bloomberg's new schools system will work so well that no future mayor would dream of changing it—just as no mayor nowadays would dare to tamper with Mr Giuliani's policies on crime. 08翻译系翻译实践试题(汉英) 以健康为代价的经济发展要不得 中国人的健康状况亮起红灯，并不能简单地归结为“健康透支”的结果，而是有着复杂的社会和经济原因。 一是市场社会下价值观的高度同质化，金钱成了衡量一切价值的终极价值。从上世纪80年代起，人们就逐步身不由己地卷入了一场长时间的全民赚钱大竞赛。由于这个价值尺度高度单一，胜负立判，而且关系到能不能被社会、亲友乃至配偶所认同，所以它给人带来的焦虑感是巨大的，而在竞赛中落败后的抑郁，也是不难想像的。 但这还仅仅是问题一个方面，另一个方面则是为了“激励”起人们的工作热情，国家透过一系列的措施，相继撤消了民众在教育、医疗、养老、住房等诸方面所享有的福利，与此同时，相应的社会保障体系并没有完善起来，使民众一方面货币支出的负担大大加重，另一方面又处于一种随时可能被甩出社会安全网的恐惧之中，心理压力大大增加。 二是环境污染日益严重和食品安全防线渐趋失守。国家环保总局副局长潘岳有一次在接受采访时透露:目前中国1/3的国土都遭遇过酸雨的袭击，七大河中一半的水资源是完全没用的，而另有1/4的中国人没有纯净的饮用水，1/3的城市人口不得不呼吸被污染的空气，城市中只有不到20%的垃圾是按照环保的方式处理，世界上10个污染最严重的城市中国占了5个，北京有70%-80%的癌症和环境污染有关。农村也不再是世外桃源，这些年来我们已经记不清有多少关于癌症村的报道了。另外环境污染以及少部分生产商唯利是图，造成的食品安全问题，也对人的健康构成了威胁。 第三个原因，则可以归结为医疗体制改革的“不成功”，其结果不仅是人们看病的门槛和成本提高了，更重要的是已经商业化的医疗机构，出于利润的考虑，基本放弃了“预防为主”的传统。 中国人“健康透支”实质是对发展主义盲目崇拜，以及在这种迷思下对GDP的狂热追逐造成的恶果。如今，在“健康红灯”面前，有关部门有必要调整步伐，以科学发展观为指导来发展经济，否则，人的生命健康受到损害和威胁，经济发展得再快，意义也将大打折扣。 08翻译学直升考题 以下是笔试试题,只考了翻译综合,没考翻译实践 一.写出下列名字的通用译名和国籍(10分) Peter Newmark, George Steiner, Roman Jacobson, danica seleskovitch 二.下列术语的通用译名(10分) literal translation source text Skopos Theory 还有一个不记得了,sorry 三.简要评述"翻译是两种语言间的转换"(40分) )? 四.Introduce briefly what is interpreting(40分 2009年上海外国语大学翻译学 研究生入学考试翻译综合试卷 一、写出下列学者、文人的通行汉译名及国籍(15分) Danica Seleskovitch Daniel Gile Samuel Johnson Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche Robert Browning 二、写出下列术语的中文名称(25分) Functional Equivalence Paris School Pararell Corpse Cognitive Pragmatic Processing capacity 三、“功能等效”的概念，并谈谈你对其的认识和想法。(40分) 四、国内翻译领域有影响力的专家、学者你知道哪几位,选择其中一位，并评述。(40分) 五、Describe briefly in English what is "Liaison-Escort Interpreting".(30分) 2009高翻学院翻译实践试题(英译汉和完型) 今年的文章是2月份TIME上面的 汉英翻的是温家宝在第63届联大一般性辩论上发言 The Short March By BILL POWELL/SHANGHAI Thursday, Feb. 14, 2008 Locals sell produce outside the gates of one of Songjiang's new developments. Greg Girard for TIME On a cold, gray afternoon a year ago, I stood on the deck of our newly purchased, half-constructed house about an hour outside Shanghai, wondering what, exactly, I had gotten myself into. My wife, a Shanghai native, and I had moved back to China from New York City in the spring of 2004, and 21⁄2 years later we had decided to take the plunge. We bought a three-story, five-bedroom townhouse way out in the suburbs, in a town called New Songjiang, a place that was then — and remains now — very much a work in progress. We had come here that day to see how construction was progressing. Our house, along with about 140 others, was going up in a development called Emerald Riverside. It sits on the banks of a tributary that dumps into the Huangpu, the river that cuts Shanghai in two about 28 miles (45 km) to the northeast. On that dreary afternoon I gazed out to the other side of the river, looking at the only significant patch of land for miles that was not yet being developed — about five acres (20,000 sq m) of green that local farmers still used to grow watermelons, which they then sold to the migrant workers building this town. On the far bank there was a ramshackle one-room brick house, where three of the farmers lived — a husband, wife and teenage son. They had no running water — they bathed and washed their clothes in the river — and the place was lit by a single bulb. In every direction just beyond the watermelon patch, office parks and houses and apartment complexes were going up, forming a cordon around the farmland that was drawing inexorably tighter. As it is in vast swathes of China, the new was replacing the old, and it was not doing so slowly. It was doing so in the blink of an eye. I stood on the deck that day and watched one of the farmers who worked the watermelon patch, an older woman who would later introduce herself to us as Liu Yi, as she stared back at me across the river. I remember thinking to myself, My god, what must be going through her mind? Not only is the land she works on about to disappear, but there's this foreigner standing over there staring at her. Where did he come from and, more to the point, what in the world is he doing out here? The short answer is that my wife and I have become a tiny part of China's latest revolution. We got an off-the-shelf mortgage from the Standard Chartered Bank branch in town, plunked down 25% of the purchase price, and bought ourselves a piece of the Great Chinese Dream. Best Years of Their Lives For the past decade and a half, the frantic pace of urbanization has been the transformative engine driving this country's economy, as some 300-400 million people from dirt-poor farming regions made their way to relative prosperity in cities. Within the contours of that great migration, however, there is another one now about to take place — less visible, but arguably no less powerful. As China's major cities — there are now 49 with populations of one million or more, compared with nine in the U.S. in 2000 — become more crowded and more expensive, a phenomenon similar to the one that reshaped the U.S. in the aftermath of World War II has begun to take hold. That is the inevitable desire among a rapidly expanding middle class for a little bit more room to live, at a reasonable price; maybe a little patch of grass for children to play on, or a whiff of cleaner air as the country's cities become ever more polluted. This is China's Short March. A wave of those who are newly affluent and firm in the belief that their best days, economically speaking, are ahead of them, is headed for the suburbs. In Shanghai alone, urban planners believe some 5 million people will move to what are called "satellite cities" in the next 10 years. To varying degrees, the same thing is happening all across China. This process — China's own suburban flight — is at the core of the next phase of this country's development, and will be for years to come. The consequences of this suburbanization are enormous. Think of how the U.S. was transformed, economically and socially, in the years after World War II, when GIs returned home and formed families that then fanned out to the suburbs. The comparison is not exact, of course, but it's compelling enough. The effects of China's suburbanization are just beginning to ripple across Chinese society and the global economy. It's easy to understand the persistent strength in commodity prices — steel, copper, lumber, oil — when you realize that in Emerald Riverside construction crews used more than three tons of steel in the houses and nearly a quarter of a ton of copper wiring. There are 35 housing developments either just finished or still under construction in New Songjiang alone, a town in which 500,000 people will eventually live. And as Lu Hongjiang, a vice president of the New Songjiang Development & Construction company puts it, "we're only at the very beginning of this in China." 主席先生: 今年，对于中国来说，是不平凡的一年。我们经历了两件大事:第一件事是汶川特大地 震灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失。中国人民在灾难面前表现了坚强、勇敢、团结和不屈不 挠的精神。目前，受灾群众得到了妥善安置，恢复重建工作正在有条不紊地展开。第二件事 是北京奥运会成功举办。这一体育盛会不仅为来自世界各地的运动员展示风采创造了良好的 条件，而且让世界更多地了解中国，让中国更多地了解世界。在抗震救灾和举办奥运会的过 程中，我们得到了国际社会的广泛理解、支持和帮助。在此，我代表中国政府和人民表示诚 挚的感谢。 世界都在关注北京奥运会后中国政治经济走向。我可以明确地告诉大家，中国将继续坚 定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。 这符合中国人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，顺应世界潮流。 这次北京奥运会是在中国这样一个最大的发展中国家举行的。国际社会对中国政府和人 民为此做出的努力给予了高度评价。奥运会的成功举办，使中国人民受到了极大的鼓舞，增 强了实现现代化的信心和力量。同时，我们清醒地看到，中国有13亿人口，虽然经济总量 已经位居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界100位之后，城乡发展和区域发展很不平衡， 农村特别是西部地区农村还很落后，还有数以千万计的人口没有解决温饱。中国仍然是一个 发展中国家，生产力不发达的状况没有根本改变，进一步发展还受到资源、能源、环境等瓶 颈的制约。中国的社会主义市场经济体制还不完善，民主法制还不健全，一些社会问题还比 较突出。中国实现现代化的任务还很繁重，道路还很漫长。摆在我们面前的机遇和挑战都是 空前的。抓住机遇，迎接挑战，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展，这就是中国政府和中国 人民的理念和行动。