Signal Words
Signal Words or Expressions Used in Lectures and Essays
1. Expressions that signal the Topic and Plan of a lecture:
For the Topic:
Our topic today is …
Today’s topic is …
We’re going to discuss …
We’ll be looking at …
I want to talk about …
I am going to talk about …
What I want to talk about today is …
Today I am going to focus on …
I’ll give you an overview of …
Let’s continue our discussion of …
Last time we discussed …, and this week we’re going to …
For the Plan:
First we’ll look at …, then …, and finally we’ll move on to …
We’ll start out with …, and look at …
I am going to cover …, and then …
We’ll discuss a few examples/types of … Today I’m going to look at two aspects of … Now, what I want to do is discuss the causes of … We’ll look at several ways that …
I’ll be covering two areas of …
What I want to do today is compare … and … I want to give you some background on … There are a few things we’ll be covering today …
2. Expressions that signal a Transition:
Now …
Let’s start with …
First, let’s look at …
First we’re going to look at …
Next, let’s talk about …
Next, I’d like to discuss …
Let’s look at / take a look at …
Let’s move on to …
Now that we’ve talked about …, let’s talk about … That’s enough about … Let’s go on to …
3. Expressions that signal a Definition:
That is, …
In other words, …
X, meaning …
By X, I mean …
What do I mean by X? Well, I mean …
What is …?
Let me define that: …
The definition of that is …
4. Expressions that signal an Example:
For example, …
For instance, …
Take X for an example …
To illustrate, …
Specifically, …
…, such as …
Here are some examples: … Let me give you an example … Let’s look at a few typical examples: …
5. Expressions that signal an Explanation:
Let me explain …
Let me clarify …
What I mean is …
What I’m saying is …
That is to say …
Let me show you what I mean. … Let me say that another way. … Let’s look at how this works. … So I hope you can see how this works. …
6. Expressions that signal Important Information:
This is important: …
It’s important to note that … Listen to this: …
Pay attention to this: …
I want to point out …
I want you to notice that … I’ll say that again. …
Let me repeat that. …
You should write this down. …
7. Expressions that signal Generalization:
This leads us to believe …
I hope you can see …
We can infer from this that … What can we infer/conclude from this? …
This shows/proves/illustrates that …
8. Expressions that signal Cause and Effect:
Causes:
What is the cause of this? Well, … Why is this? Well, …
This comes from (the fact that) … This is due to …
The reason(s) for this is(are) … One explanation is …
This is caused by …
This came as a result of …
Effects:
This leads to …
As a result/consequence, … For this reason, …
One effect of this is …
This results in …
Consequently, …
Therefore, …
Thus, …
9. Expressions that signal Comparison and Contrast:
Comparison: Similarly, …
Likewise, …
In the same way/fashion, … Both X and Y …
Like X, Y …
What do X and Y have in common? …
Contrast:
However, …
Nevertheless, …
While / Whereas …
Although / Even though … On the other hand, …
On the contrary, …
In contrast, …
Compared to X, Y is more/less … While/Whereas X …, Y … Unlike X, Y …
The difference between X and Y is …
10. Expressions that show Addition
Also, …
Besides, …
Furthermore, …
In addition, …
Moreover …
11. Expressions that indicate Sequence or Order
First, …
Firstly, …
Second, …
Secondly, …
Thirdly, …
Next, …
Last, …
Finally, …
Subsequently, …
Ultimately, …
12. Expressions used to Summarize or Conclude
In short, …
In summary, …
In conclusion, …
To sum up, …
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