电子产品组装与调试实训技术报告

电子产品组装与调试实训技术报告 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 电子产品的组装与调试 姓 名: 王艳秋 学 号: 1204093123 班 级: 电子1213 指导教师: 蔡大华、严明良 课程名称:电子产品装配与调试综合实训 提交日期:2013年 6月 5日 - 1 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 概 要 本次实训主要项目是焊接声光报警电路及数字钟的组装与工作原理的了解，学会识别元器件的规格并且掌握用数字万用表判别元器件的好坏的方法,熟悉数字钟的基本功能。掌握焊接技术以及掌握常见故障的处理方法与维修的基本技巧。通过实习加强学生理论联系实际的能力，将课本知识与实践结合，做到提高学生 通过实习培养学生团结协作、刻苦耐劳的精的动手操作能力;并 神及领导团队的才能，为今后走入工作岗位打下坚实的基础。 - 4-- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 目录 概要 ................................... .........4 前言....................................... .........5 第一章 手工焊接基本工艺.............................6 1(1 元器件引线的成型................ ......... 6 1(2 搪锡技术...................... ........... 7 (3 手工焊接与实用锡焊技能.....................8 1 1(4 实用拆焊技能..................... ........9 第二章 常用装配工具与准备工艺...................... 11 2(1 常用装配工具的使用.........................11 2(2 导线的加工. .............................. 12 2(3 元器件的成型工艺.......................... 12 2(4 元器件的插装工艺.................. . .....13 第三章 常用元器件的识别与检测...................... 14 3(1 电阻器的识别与检测.........................14 3(2 电容器的识别与检测..... ... .... .... .....17 3(3 半导体二极管的识别与检测...................19 3(4 半导体三极管的识别与检测............ .....25 3(5 集成电路的识别与检测.......................31 第四章 声光报警电路...................... ..........40 - 2 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 4(1 声光报警电路的原理.........................40 4(2 声光报警电路的组装........ ........ .......40 4(3 声光报警电路的调试........................ 40 第五章 数字钟的组装与调试............ ............ 35 5(1 数字钟的原理........................35 5.1.1数字钟的构成框图 5.1.2 数字钟直流电源的工作原理 5.1.3 数字钟脉冲产生及分频电路的工作原理 5.1.4数字钟时、分、秒电路的工作原理 5.1.5数字钟译码显示的工作原理 5.1.6数字钟时、分调教的工作原理 5(2 数字钟的组装.. ..... ........ ......47 5(3 数字钟的调试.......... ............ 49 5.4遇到的问题及解决办法...... ...... .....50 附件 结论............................. ... .......... .....52 致谢.............................. .......... ........53 参考文献........................................ .....54 附录一........................................ .......55 - 3 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 - 3 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 前 言 通过几个星期的电子实习，使我对电子元件及数字万用表的装机与调试有一定的理论和实际上的认识，打好了日后学习电子技术课的入门基础。实习使我获得了数字万用表的实际生产知识和装配技能，培养了我理论联系实际的能力，提高了我分析问题和解决问题的能力，增强了独立工作的能力。培养了我与其他同学的团队合作、共同探讨、共同前进的精神。 熟悉手工焊锡的常用工具的使用及其维护与修理。 1. 2.基本掌握手工电烙铁的焊接技术，能够独立的完成简单电子产品的安装与焊接。熟悉电子产品的安装工艺的生产流程。 3.熟悉印制电路板设计的步骤和方法，熟悉手工制作印制电板的工艺流程，能够根据电路原理图，元器件实物设计并制作印 制电路板。 4.熟悉常用电子器件的类别、型号、规格、性能及其使用范围，能查阅有关的电子器件图 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 。 5.能够正确识别和选用常用的电子器件，并且能够熟练使用普通万用表和数字万用表。 - 5-- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 第一章 手工焊接基本工艺 1(1 元器件引线的成型 为了便于安装和焊接，提高装配质量和效率，加强电子设备的防震性，在安装前，根据安装位置的特点及技术方面的要求，要预先把原件引线弯成一定的形状。 在没有专用工具或加工少量元器件引线时，可使用鸭嘴钳或镊子等工具进行成型加工;在进行大批量生产时，可采用成型的专用设备(如:手动、电动和气动线线成型机)，以提高加工效率和一致性。 元器件引线成型的常见形式有以下几种: (1) 电阻引线的成型。要求弯曲点到原件端面的最小距离不小 于2mm，弯曲半径应大于或等于2倍的引线直径，以减小机械应力，防止引线折断或拔出。立式安装时高度大于等于2mm，卧式安装时高度等于0mm到2mm。 (2) 晶极管和圆形外壳集成电路引线的成型。 (3) 扁平封装(贴片SMT)集成芯片引线成型。 (4) 元器件安装孔距不合适或用于插装发热元件情况下的引线 成型要求半径大于等于2倍引线直径，元件与印制板有2mm到5mm的距离，多用于双面印制板或发热器件。 引线成型技术要求: (1) 引线成型后，元件本体不就产生破裂，表面封装不应损坏， 引线弯曲部分不允许出现模印、压痕和裂纹。 (2) 引线成型后，其直径的减少或变形不应超过10%，其表面镀 层剥落长度不应大于引线直径的1/10. - 6 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 (3) 若引线上有熔接点和元件本体之间不允许有弯曲点，熔接 点到弯曲点之间应保持2mm的间距。 (4) 引线成型尺寸应符合安装的要求。无论是水平安装还是垂 直安装，无论是三极管还是集成电路，通常引线成型尺寸都有具体要求。 图1-1是印制板上装配元器件的部分实例，其中大部分需在装插前弯曲成型。弯曲成型的要求取决于元器件本身的封装外形和印制板上的安装位置，有时也因整个印制板安装空间限定元件安装位置。 元器件引线成型要注意以下几点: 引线弯曲一般不要成死角，圆弧半径应大于引线直径的1,2倍。如图1-2 - 7 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 1(2 搪锡技术 : 搪锡的目的:为了整机装配时顺利进行焊接工作，预先在元器件的引线、导线端头和各类线端子上挂上一层薄面均匀的焊锡。 一(常见的搪锡方法: 导线端头和元器件引线的常见搪锡方法有:电烙铁搪锡、搪锡槽搪锡、超声波搪锡三种。 电烙铁搪锡:适用于少量元器件和导线焊接前的的搪锡。 搪锡槽搪锡、超声波搪锡:适用于大量元器件和导线焊接前的的搪锡。 二(搪锡的质量要求: 经过搪锡的元器件引线和导线端头，其根部与离搪锡处应有一定的距离，导线留1mm，元器件留2mm以上。 三(注意事项: (1)熟悉并严格控制搪锡的漏度和时间。 (2)当元器件引线去除氧化层且导线剥绝缘层后，应立即搪锡，以免再次氧化或玷污。 (3)对轴向引线的元器件搪锡时，一端引线搪锡后，要等元器件充分冷却后才能进行另一端引线的搪锡。 - 8 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 (4)部分元器件，如非密封继电器、波段开关等，一般不宜用搪锡槽搪锡，可采用电烙铁搪锡。 (5)在规定的时间内若搪锡质量不好，可待搪锡件冷却后，再进行第二次搪锡。若质量依旧不好，应立即停止操作并找出原因。 (6)经搪锡处理的元器件和导线要及时使用，一般不得超过三天，并需要妥善保存。 (7)搪锡场地应通风良好，及时排除污染气体。 搪锡的温度和时间的控制: 内 温度/? 时间/s 方 容 式 电烙铁搪锡 300?10 1 搪锡槽搪锡 ?290 1,2 超声波搪锡 240,260 1,2 1(3 手工焊接与实用锡焊技能 : 电烙铁的选择:功率要大些，可在35W-40W中选择。 焊锡的选择:现常用的是含松香焊锡丝。 手工焊接的基本操作: (1)焊接操作姿势与卫生 焊剂加热挥发出的化学物质对人体是有害的，一般电烙铁离开鼻子的距离应至少不小于30cm,通常以40cm为宜。 电烙铁有三种握法:反握、正握、笔握。 反握法:动作稳定，长时间操作不宜疲劳。 正握法:中等功率烙铁或带弯头电烙铁的操作。 - 9 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 笔握法:操作台上焊印制板等焊件时多用。 (2) 五步法训练 作为一种初学者掌握手工焊接技术的训练方法，五步法卓有成效。 1) 准备施焊 2) 加热焊件 3) 融化焊料 4) 移开焊锡 5) 移开烙铁 焊接标准与质量评定: 焊点:可靠的电气连接;足够的机械强度;光洁整齐的外观;典型焊点的外观有以下要求: a) 形状为近似圆锥而表面微凹呈漫坡状(以焊接导线为中心，对 称成裙形拉开)。虚焊点表面往往呈凸形; b) 焊料的连接表面呈半弓形凹面，焊料与焊件交界处平滑，接触 角尽可能小; c) 表面光泽且平滑; d) 无裂纹、针孔、夹渣。 手工焊接的基本操作方法: )焊前准备 (1 准备好电烙铁以及镊子、剪刀、斜口钳、尖嘴钳、焊料、焊剂等工具，将电烙铁及焊件搪锡，左手握焊料，右手握电烙铁，保持随时可焊状态。 (2)用烙铁加热备焊件。 (3)送入焊料，熔化适量焊料。 (4) 移开焊料。 - 10 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 (5)当焊料流动覆盖焊接点，迅速移开电烙铁。 , 焊接基本注意事项: 1( 掌握好加热时间 锡焊时可以采用不同的加热速度，例如烙铁头形状不良，用小烙铁焊大焊件时我们不得不延长时间以满足锡料温度的要求。在大多数情况下延长加热时间对电子产品装配都是有害的， 这是因为 (1)焊点的结合层由于长时间加热而超过合适的厚度引起焊点性能劣化。 (2)印制板，塑料等材料受热过多会变形变质。 (3)元器件受热后性能变化甚至失效。 ) 焊点表面由于焊剂挥发，失去保护而氧化。 (4 结论:在保证焊料润湿焊件的前提下时间越短越好。 2( 保持合适的温度 如果为了缩短加热时间而采用高温烙铁焊校焊点，则会带来另一方面的问题:焊锡丝中的焊剂没有足够的时间 在被焊面上漫流而过早挥发失效;焊料熔化速度过快影响焊剂作用的发挥;由于温度过高虽加热时间短也造成过热现象。 ?焊接印制板，除遵循焊锡要领外，还需注意以下几点: (1)加热方法。加热应尽量使烙铁头同时接触印制板上的铜箔和元器件引线。对较大的焊盘焊接时可移动烙铁，即烙铁绕焊盘转动，以免长时间停留于一点，导致局部过热。 (2)焊接金属孔的焊盘时，不仅让焊料润湿焊盘，而且孔内也要润湿填充。因此，金属化孔的加热时间应长于单面板。 (3)焊接时不要用烙铁头摩擦焊盘的方法增强润湿性能，要靠元 - 11 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 器件的表面处理和预焊。 (4)耐热性能差的元器件应使用工具辅助散热。 1(4 实用拆焊技能 将已焊焊点拆除的过程称为拆焊。如果拆焊不得法，就会损坏元器件及印制板。 1、拆焊的基本原则 拆焊前一定要弄清楚原焊接点的特点，不要轻易动手，其基本原则为: (1)不损坏待拆除的元件、导线及周围的元器件。 (2)拆焊时不可损坏印制板上的焊盘与印制导线。 )对已判定为损坏元件，可先将其引线剪短再拆除，这样可以(3 减少其他损伤。 (4)在拆焊过程中，应尽量避免拆动其他元器件或变动其他元器件的位置，如确实需要应做好复原工作。 2、拆焊的操作要点 (1)严格控制加热的温度和时间。因加热的时间较长，所以要严格控制温度和加热时间，以免将元器件烫坏或使焊盘翘起断裂。宜采用间隔加热法来进行拆焊。 (2)拆焊时不要用力过猛。在高温状态下，元器件封装的强度会下降，尤其是塑料封装器件，过力的拉摇扭都会损坏元器件和焊盘。 (3)吸去拆焊点上的焊料。拆焊前，用吸锡工具吸去焊料，有时可直接将元器件拔下。在没有吸锡工具的情况下，则可将印制电路板或能移动的部件倒过来，用电烙铁加热拆焊点，利用重力原 - 12 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 理，让焊锡自动流向电烙铁，也能达到部分去锡的目的。 3、拆焊的基本步骤: , 加适量锡 , 烙铁头充分接触，并加热焊盘 , 将烙铁头加热要拆焊点 , 焊锡溶化后取出元件 调试和维修中常需要更换一些元器件，如果方法不得当，就会破坏印制电路板，也会使换下而并没失效的元器件无法重新使用。 一般电阻，电容，晶体管等管脚不多，且每个引线可相对活动的元器件可用烙铁直接解焊(图1-3)。印制板竖起来夹住，一边用烙铁加热待拆元件的焊点，一边用镊子或尖嘴钳夹住元器件引线轻轻拉出。 重新焊接时需先用锥子将焊孔在加热熔化焊锡的情况下扎通，需要指出的是这种方法不宜在一个焊点上多次用，因为印制导线和焊盘经反复加热后很容易脱落，造成印制板损坏。在可能换的情况下可用图1-4所示的方法。 - 13 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 第二章 常用装配工具与准备工艺 2(1 常用装配工具的使用 (一)工具的种类和用途 1.撬梗、螺丝板。撬梗是一根长约1.2m，直径约3cm的铁棒。其一端成尖形，另一端成铲形。用来撬动或固定工作物之用。螺丝板有很多种类，根据不同螺母的形状和大小，可做成四方孔和其它形状。有一种活络螺丝板，它的夹口距离，可用装在本身上的螺丝调整，它们都是扳螺丝母的工具。 2(“C”型螺丝、花兰螺丝。“C”型螺丝是一方形体。其一端制有螺孔，内装一丝杆，利用丝杆的旋转压紧工作物。花兰螺丝是由中间一根二端反方向的丝杆与二端二只环形圆钢组成。当中间一根丝杆旋转时，二端二只环形圆钢同时拉进或推出，从而进行工作物的拉紧或放松。 3(钳子。钳子是用来夹住加工工件之用。其种类很多， - 14 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 可以根据各种不同形状的工作物制成相适应的钳子，钳口的形状，对于操作是否方便有很大关系。 4(铁桩。就是一根圆锥形的圆钢。其作用与铁马相似，固定工作物之用，但它起止挡作用，不起压紧作用。 5(羊角。一端装有凸出的圆钢，工作时将圆钢插入火工平台的孔内，用人力旋转柄杆，利用羊角一端弧形，可将工作物弯曲，因此它的主要用途是弯曲型钢之用，可以减轻劳动强度。 2(2 导线的加工 1、剪切: )将导线拉直; (1 (2)用剪刀、钢丝钳、扁口钳等钳口工具按工艺文件的导线加工表对导线进行剪切，剪切时先剪长导线，后剪短导线，应做到长度准、切口整齐、不损伤导线及绝缘皮。 2、剥头: 剥头是去除导线绝缘层，剥头是不应损坏芯线。剥头的长度应按照要求导线加工进行，一般长度为10mm到12mm。常用工具为自动剥线钳、剪刀、钢丝钳等。 3、捻头: 对于多股芯线，在剥头后有松散现象。用镊子或捻头机把松散的芯线胶合整齐，称为捻头，捻头时应该松紧适度，不卷曲，不断股。 - 15 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 4、上锡: 为了提高导线的可焊性。防止虚焊、假焊，要对导线进行 浸锡处理。 2(3 元器件的成型工艺 1、引线成型后，引线弯曲部分不允许出现模印、压痕和裂纹。 2、引线成型过程中，元件本体不应产生破裂、表面封装不应损坏或开裂。 3、引线成型尺寸应符合安装尺寸要求。 4、凡是有标记的元件，引线成型后，其规格、型号、标志等符号应该向上、向外、方向一致，便于目视识别。 5、元件引线弯曲处要有弧形，其R不得小于引线直径的2倍。 6、元件引线弯曲处离元件封装根部至少2mm距离。 2(4 元器件的插装工艺 1、卧式安装: 将元器件水平紧贴电路板，也称为水平安装，优点是稳定性好，比较牢固，受振动时不已脱落。 要求元器件数据标记面朝上，方向一致。元器件装接后表面整齐、美观。 2、立式安装 立式安装的优点是密度大，占用印制板的面积小，拆卸方便，电容、三极管插装多用此方法。 电阻器、电容器、半导体二极管轴向对称元件的插装常用卧式或立式两种方法，具体方式与电路板的设计有关系。 - 16 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 ?元器件的插装次序 电路板的元件安装次序不影响后道工序为原则，一般采用先装低小功率卧式元器件，然后装立式元器件或卧式大功率元器件，再装可变元器件、易损元器件，最后装散热器的元器件和特殊的元器件。 ?电阻器的安装 可以采用立式或卧式的安装方法，小功率电阻器一般采用卧式安装，并且要紧贴底板安装，以减少引线形成的分布电感。 ?晶体管的安装 各种晶体管在安装时候注意分别它们的型号、引脚次序和正负极。有时同一型号的器件，由于厂商不同，引脚次序也会有变化。 ?电容器的安装 瓷片电容器安装时要注意耐压级别和温度系数。 电解电容一定要注意正负极，否则会引起爆炸。 ?集成电路的安装 确保拿取时人体不带静电。 注意方向不要装反，由于绝大多数集成电路引脚都是成对排列的，必须认清1脚的位置。 安装前确保各引脚平直、清洁、排列整齐，间距正常。 穿孔插装时，要让所有的引脚都套进以后再往下插，插到位。不要操之过急，否则弄弯引脚，反而耽误时间。 , 贴板与悬空插装: 贴板插装如图(a)所示，稳定性好，插装简单;但不利于散热，且对某些安装位置不适应。悬空插装如图(b)所示，适应范围广， - 17 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 有利散热，但插装较复杂，需控制一定高度以保持美观一致。悬空高度一般取2,6mm。 , 元器件插装 1) 安装时应注意元器件字符标记方向一致，容易读出。图(c)所示安装方向是符合阅读习惯的方向。 2) 安装时不要用手直接碰元器件引线和印制板上铜箔。 3) 插装后为了固定可对引线进行折弯处理(图d)。 (c) (d) - 18 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 第三章 常用元器件的识别与检测 3.1 电阻器的识别与检测 电阻器是具有电阻特性的电子元器件，是电子线路中应用最为广泛的元件之一。电阻器的符号为“R”。电阻器可以按照结构和材料划分。按材料划分为碳膜电阻器，金属电阻器，线绕电阻器，热敏电阻器。按结构划分为固定电阻器，可变电阻器，敏感电阻器。 电阻器的识别主要是识别阻值和允许误差，常用的方法有以下几种: 1、 直标法 用阿拉伯数字和单位在电阻上直接表示出标称阻值和 允许误差，优点是直观，缺点是小数点不易辨识。 、 色标法 2 色标是用不同颜色的色环在电阻器表面标出阻值和误 差，一般分为以下两种标法: (1) 两位有效数字的色标法 普通电阻器是用四条色环表示电阻器的参数。从左到右观察 色环的颜色，第一、第二色环表示阻值，第三色环表示倍率， 第四色环表示允许误差。 (2) 三位有效数字的色标法 一般用于精密仪器，表示方法与意义和两位相同，不同之处为前三位表示阻值。 - 19 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 下图a是用四色环表示标称阻值和允许偏差，其中，前三条色环表示此电阻的标称阻值，最后一条表示它的偏差。 如图b中色环颜色依次黄、紫、橙、金，则此电阻器标称阻值为 ，偏差。 如图c电阻器的色环颜色依次为:蓝、灰、金、无色(即只有 三条色环)，则电阻器标称阻值为:。 下图4-4是五色环表示法，精密电阻器是用五条色环表示标称阻值和允许偏差，通常五色环电阻识别方法与四色环电阻一样，只是比四色环电阻器多一位有效数字。 图4-5中电阻器的色环颜色依次是:棕、紫、绿、银、棕，其标称阻值为:，偏差为。 颜色 第一有效第二有效第三有效倍率 允许误差 数字 数字 数字 黑 0 0 0 10 棕 1 1 1 10 +-1% 红 2 2 2 10 +-2% - 20 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 橙 3 3 3 10 黄 4 4 4 10 绿 5 5 5 10 +-0.5% 蓝 6 6 6 10 +-0.25% 紫 7 7 7 10 +-0.1% 灰 8 8 8 10 白 9 9 9 10 金 10 银 10 - 21 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 文字符号法和直 标法相同，也是直接 将有关参数印制在电 阻体上。文字符号法， 将5.7kW电阻器标注 成5k7，其中k既作单 位，又作小数点。文 字符号法中，偏差通 常用字母表示，如(a) 图所示。此电阻器， 阻值为5.7kW，偏差为 ?1%。 图(b)所示为碳膜电 阻，阻值为1.8kW偏 差为?20%，其中用级 别符号?表示偏差。 ?电阻器的检测 1、选择量程 通过由大到小调整欧姆档的量程，使指针在表头中间区域。 2、欧姆调零 将万用表红黑表笔相接，调节欧姆调零旋钮，使指针指在欧姆刻度线的零位上。注意每次换量程后都要进行欧姆调零。 3、测量阻值 - 22 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 右手握两表笔，左手捏住电阻器，将表笔跨接在被测电阻两侧。注意手指不能接触被测电阻的两端引线，以免人体电阻影响，特别是测量大电阻时。 4、读数 读出表头欧姆刻度线上指针所指读数，实际阻值为该读数和量程的倍率之积 3(2 电容器的识别与检测 一、电容器的容量值标注方法 字母数字混合标法 这种方法是国际电工委员会推荐的表示方法。 具体内容是:用2~4位数字和一个字母表示标称容量，其中数字表示有效数值，字母表示数值的单位。字母有时既表示 单位也表示小数点。如: 不标单位的直接表示法 这种方法是用1~4位数字表示，容量单位为pF。如数字部分大于1时，单位为皮法，当数字部分大于0小于1时，其 - 23 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 单位为微法(mF)。如3300表示3300皮法(pF)，680表示680皮法(pF)，7表示7皮法(pF)，0.056表示0.056微法(mF)。 电容器容量的数码表示法 一般用三位数表示容量的大小，前面两位数字为电容器标称容量的有效数字，第三位数字表示有效数字后面零的个数，它们的单位是pF。如: 电容器容量误差的表示法有两种。 一种是将电容量的绝对误差范围直接标志在电容器上，即直接表示法。如2.2?0.2pF。 另一种方法是直接将字母或百分比误差标志在电容器上。字母表示的百分比误差是:D表示?0.5%;F表示?0.1%;G表示?2%;J表示?5%;K表示?10%;M表示?20%;N表示?30%;P表示?50%。如电容器上标有334K则表示0.33mF，误差为?10%;如电容器上标有103P表示这个电容器的容量变化范围为0.01~0.02mF，P不能误认为是单位pF。 二、有极性电解电容器的引脚极性的表示方式: 1.采用不同的端头形状来表示引脚的极性，见图(b)，(c)所示，这 - 24 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 种方式往往出现在两根引脚轴向分布的电解电容器中。 2.标出负极性引脚，见图(d)所示，在电解电容器的绝缘套上画出像负号的符号，以表示这一引脚为负极性引脚。 3.采用长短不同的引脚来表示引脚极性，通常长的引脚为正极性引脚，见图(a)。 三、在电路图中电容器容量单位的标注规则 当电容器的容量大于100pF而又小于1mF时，一般不注单位，没有小数点的，其单位是pF时，有小数点的其单位是mF。如4700就是4700pF，0.22就是0.22mF。 当电容量大于是10000pF时，可用mF为单位，当电容小于10000pF时用pF为单位。 3(3 半导体二极管的识别与检测 一、 符号: “D、VD、ZD” 普通二极管 稳压二极管 发光二极管 光敏二极管(光电) 快恢复二极管 二、 二级管的分类: 按材料分为两种:一是硅二极管，二是锗二极管。按制 - 25 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 作工艺分为面接触二极管和点接角二极管。按用途分类有整流二极管、检波二极管、发光二极管、稳压二极管、光敏(光电)二极管、开关二极管和快恢复二极管。 硅管与锗管的区别:导通电压不一样，硅管的导通电压为0.7V，锗管的导通电压为0.3V(正向偏置电压)。主板上用到的大多为硅管。 三、 二极管的组成 二极管的识别: 二极管采用两块不同特性的半导体材料制成，一块采用,型半导体，一块采用,型半导体通过特殊工艺使两块半导体连接在一起，在它同交界面形成了一个,,结，从,材料上引出正极性引脚，从,型材料上引出负极引脚。 二极管的外型: 二极管封装方式有两种: 塑封二极管 玻璃二极管 1、二极管的测量 - 26 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 将万用表打到蜂鸣二极管档，红表笔接二极管的正极，黑笔接二极管的负极，此时测量的是二极管的正向导通阻值，也就是二极管的正向压降值。不同的二极管根据它内部材料不同所测得的正向压降值也不同。 2、好坏判断 正向压降值读数在300--800为正常，若显示为0说明二极管短路或击穿，若显示为1说明二极管开路。将表笔调换再测，读数应为1即无穷大，若不是1说明二极管损坏。 正向压降值在200左右时，为稳压二极管;快恢复二极管的两读数都在200左右正常。 二极管的检测方法与经验 1 检测小功率晶体二极管 A 判别正、负电极 (a) 观察外壳上的的符号标记。通常在二极管的外壳上标有二极管的符号，带有三角形箭头的一端为正极，另一端是负极。 (b) 观察外壳上的色点。在点接触二极管的外壳上，通常标有极性色点(白色或红色)。一般标有色点的一端即为正极。还有的二极管上标有色环，带色环的一端则为负极。 (c)以阻值较小的一次测量为准，黑表笔所接的一端为正极，红表笔所接的 - 27 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 一端则为负极。 B 检测最高工作频率fM。晶体二极管工作频率，除了可从有关特性表中查阅出外，实用中常常用眼睛观察二极管内部的触丝来加以区分，如点接触型二极管属于高频管，面接触型二极管多为低频管。另外，也可以用万用表R×1k挡进行测试，一般正向电阻小于1K的多为高频管。 C 检测最高反向击穿电压VRM。对于交流电来说，因为不断变化，因此最高反向工作电压也就是二极管承受的交流峰值电压。需要指出的是，最高反向工作电压并不是二极管的击穿电压。一般情况下，二极管的击穿电压要比最高反向工作电压高得多(约高一倍)。 2 检测玻封硅高速开关二极管 检测硅高速开关二极管的方法与检测普通二极管的方法相同。不同的是，这种管子的正向电阻较大。用R×1k电阻挡测量，一般正向电阻值为5K,10K ，反向电阻值为无穷大。 3 检测快恢复、超快恢复二极管 用万用表检测快恢复、超快恢复二极管的方法基本与检测塑封硅整流二极管的方法相同。即先用R×1k挡检测一下其单向导电性，一般正向电阻为45K 左右，反向电阻为无穷大;再用R×1挡复测一次，一般正向电阻为几 ，反向电阻仍为无穷大。 4 检测双向触发二极管 A 将万用表置于R×1K挡，测双向触发二极管的正、反向电阻值都应为无穷大。若交换表笔进行测量，万用表指针向右摆动，说明被测管有漏电性故障。 将万用表置于相应的直流电压挡。测试电压由兆欧表提供。测试时，摇动兆欧表，万用表所指示的电压值即为被测管子的VBO值。然后调换被测管子的两个引脚，用同样的方法测出VBR值。最后将VBO与VBR进行比较，两者的绝对值之差越小，说明被测双向触发二极管的对称性越好。 - 28 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 5 瞬态电压抑制二极管(TVS)的检测 A 用万用表R×1K挡测量管子的好坏 对于单极型的TVS，按照测量普通二极管的方法，可测出其正、反向电阻，一般正向电阻为4KΩ左右，反向电阻为无穷大。 对于双向极型的TVS，任意调换红、黑表笔测量其两引脚间的电阻值均应为无穷大，否则，说明管子性能不良或已经损坏。 6 高频变阻二极管的检测 A 识别正、负极 高频变阻二极管与普通二极管在外观上的区别是其色标颜色不同，普通二极管的色标颜色一般为黑色，而高频变阻二极管的色标颜色则为浅色。其极性规律与普通二极管相似，即带绿色环的一端为负极，不带绿色环的一端为正极。 B 测量正、反向电阻来判断其好坏 具体方法与测量普通二极管正、反向电阻的方法相同，当使用500型万用表R×1k挡测量时，正常的高频变阻二极管的正向电阻为5K,55K ，反向电阻为无穷大。 7 单色发光二极管的检测 在万用表外部附接一节15V干电池，将万用表置R×10或R×100挡。这种接法就相当于给万用表串接上了1 5V电压，使检测电压增加至3V(发光二极管的开启电压为2V)。检测时，用万用表两表笔轮换接触发光二极管的两管脚。若管子性能良好，必定有一次能正常发光，此时，黑表笔所接的为正极，红表笔所接的为负极。 8红外发光二极管的检测 A 判别红外发光二极管的正、负电极。红外发光二极管有两个引脚，通常长引脚为正极，短引脚为负极。因红外发光二极管呈透明状，所以管壳内的电 - 29 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 极清晰可见，内部电极较宽较大的一个为负极，而较窄且小的一个为正极。 B 将万用表置于R×1K挡，测量红外发光二极管的正、反向电阻，通常，正向电阻应在30K左右，反向电阻要在500K以上，这样的管子才可正常使用。要求反向电阻越大越好。 9 红外接收二极管的检测 识别管脚极性 (a) 从外观上识别。常见的红外接收二极管外观颜色呈黑色。识别引脚时，面对受光窗口，从左至右，分别为正极和负极。另外，在红外接收二极管的管体顶端有一个小斜切平面，通常带有此斜切平面一端的引脚为负极，另一端为正极。 (b) 将万用表置于R×1K挡，用来判别普通二极管正、负电极的方法进行检查，即交换红、黑表笔两次测量管子两引脚间的电阻值，正常时，所得阻值应为一大一小。以阻值较小的一次为准，红表笔所接的管脚为负极，黑表笔所接的管脚为正极。 3.4半导体三极管的识别与检测 判断基极和三极管的类型 三极管的脚位判断，三极管的脚位有两种封装排列形式， 如右图: - 30 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 三极管是一种结型电阻器件，它的三个引脚都有明显的电阻数据，测试时(以数字万用表为例，红笔+，黒笔-)我们将测试档位切换至 二极管档 (蜂鸣档)标志符号如右图: 正常的NPN结构三极管的基极(B)对集电极(C)、发射极(E)的正向电阻是430Ω-680Ω(根据型号的不同，放大倍数的差异，这个值有所不同)反向电阻无穷大;正常的PNP 结构的三极管的基极(B)对集电极(C)、发射极(E) 680Ω，正向电阻无穷大。集电极C对发的反向电阻是430Ω- 射极E在不加偏流的情况下，电阻为无穷大。基极对集电极的测试电阻约等于基极对发射极的测试电阻，通常情况下，基极对集电极的测试电阻要比基极对发射极的测试电阻小5-100Ω左右(大功率管比较明显)，如果超出这个值，这个元件的性能已经变坏，请不要再使用。如果误使用于电路中可能会导致整个或部分电路的工作点变坏，这个元件也可能不久就会损坏，大功率电路和高频电路对这种劣质元件反应比较明显。 尽管封装结构不同，但与同参数的其它型号的管子功能和性能是一样的，不同的封装结构只是应用于电路设计中特定的使用场合的需要。 要注意有些厂家生产一些不规范元件，例如C945正常的脚位是BCE，但有的厂家出的此元件脚位排列却是EBC，这会造成那些粗心的工作人员将新元件在未检测的情况下装入电 - 31 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 路，导致电路不能工作，严重时烧毁相关联的元器件，比如电视机上用的开关电源。 在我们常用的万用表中，测试三极管的脚位排列图: 先假设三极管的某极为“基极”,将黑表笔接在假设基极上,再将红表笔依次接到其余两个电极上,若两次测得的电阻都大(约几K到几十K),或者都小(几百至几K),对换表笔重复上述测量,若测得两个阻值相反(都很小或都很大),则可确定假设的基极是正确的,否则另假设一极为“基极”,重复上述测试,以确定基极. 当基极确定后,将黑表笔接基极,红表笔笔接其它两极若测得电阻值都很少,则该三极管为NPN,反之为PNP. 把黑表笔接至假充的集电极C,红表笔接到假设的发射极E,并用手捏住B和C极,读出表头所示C,E电阻值,然后将红,黑表笔反接重测.若第一次电阻比第二次小,说明原假设成立. 体三极管的结构和类型 晶体三极管，是半导体基本元器件之一，具有电流放大作用，是电子电路的核心元件。三极管是在一块半导体基片上制作两个相距很近的PN结，两个PN结把正块半导体分成三部分，中间部分是基区，两侧部分是发射区和集电区，排列方式有PNP和NPN两种， 从三个区引出相应的电极，分别为基极b发射极e和集电极c。 发射区和基区之间的PN结叫发射结，集电区和基区之间的 - 32 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 PN结叫集电极。基区很薄，而发射区较厚，杂质浓度大，PNP型三极管发射区"发射"的是空穴，其移动方向与电流方向一致，故发射极箭头向里;NPN型三极管发射区"发射"的是自由电子，其移动方向与电流方向相反，故发射极箭头向外。发射极箭头向外。发射极箭头指向也是PN结在正向电压下的导通方向。硅晶体三极管和锗晶体三极管都有PNP型和NPN型两种类型。 常用三极管的封装形式有金属封装和塑料封装两大类，引脚的排列方式具有一定的规律，底视图位置放置，使三个引脚构成等腰三角形的顶点上，从左向右依次为e b c;对于中小功率塑料三极管按图使其平面朝向自己，三个引脚朝下放置，则从左到右依次为e b c。 目前，国内各种类型的晶体三极管有许多种，管脚的排列不尽相同，在使用中不确定管脚排列的三极管，必须进行测量确定各管脚正确的位置，或查找晶体管使用手册，明确三极管的特性及相应的技术参数和资料。 晶体三极管具有电流放大作用，其实质是三极管能以基极电流微小的变化量来控制集电极电流较大的变化量。这是三极管最基本的和最重要的特性。我们将ΔIc/ΔIb的比值称为晶体三极管的电流放大倍数，用符号“β”表示。电流放大倍数对于某一只三极管来说是一个定值，但随着三极管工作时基极电流的变化也会有一定的改变。 三极管基极的判别: 根据三极管的结构示意图，我们知道三极管的基极是三极管中两个PN结的公共极，因此，在判别三极管的基极时，只 - 33 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 要找出两个PN结的公共极，即为三极管的基极。具体方法是将多用电表调至电阻挡的R×1k挡，先用红表笔放在三极管的一只脚上，用黑表笔去碰三极管的另两只脚，如果两次全通，则红表笔所放的脚就是三极管的基极。如果一次没找到，则红表笔换到三极管的另一个脚，再测两次;如还没找到，则红表笔再换一下，再测两次。如果还没找到，则改用黑表笔放在三极管的一个脚上，用红表笔去测两次看是否全通，若一次没成功再换。这样最多没量12次，总可以找到基极。 三极管类型的判别: 三极管只有两种类型，即PNP型和NPN型。判别时只要知道基极是P型材料还N型材料即可。当用多用电表R×1k挡时，黑表笔代表电源正极，如果黑表笔接基极时导通，则说明三极管的基极为P型材料，三极管即为NPN型。如果红表笔接基极导通，则说明三极管基极为N型材料，三极管即为PNP型。 三极管的检测 按极性分，三极管有PNP和NPN两种，而二极管有P型和N型之分。多数国产管用xxx表示，其中每一位都有特定含义: 3 A X 31，第一位3代表三极管，2代表二极管。第二位如 代表材料和极性。A代表PNP型锗材料;B代表NPN型锗材料;C为PNP型硅材料;D为NPN型硅材料。第三位表示用途，其中X代表低频小功率管;D代表低频大功率管;G代表高频小功率管;A代表高频大功率管。最后面的数字是产品的序号，序号不同，各种指标略有差异。注意，二极管同三极管第二位 - 34 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 意义基本相同，而第三位则含义不同。对于二极管来说，第三位的P代表检波管;W代表稳压管;Z代表整流管。上面举的例子，具体来说就是PNP型锗材料低频小功率管。对于进口的三极管来说，就各有不同，要在实际使用过程中注意积累资料。 3.5集成电路的识别与检测 集成电路的识别与检测集成电路通常有扁平、双列直插、单列直插等几种封装形式。对于扁平封装者，一般在器件正面的一端标上小圆点(或小圆圈、色点)作标记。塑封双列直插式集成电路的定位标记通常是弧形凹口、圆形凹坑或小圆圈。进口，,的标记花样更多，有色线、黑点、方形色环、双色环等等。图,(,)、(,)示出了数字集成电路采用扁平封装与双列直插式塑料封装常见的管脚定位标记。图,(;)是采用陶瓷封装的双列直插式数字集成电路，它采用金属片与色点双重标记。 识别数字，,管脚的方法是:将，,正面的字母、代号对着自己，使定位标记朝左下方，则处于最左下方的管脚是第,脚，再按逆时针方向依次数管脚，便是第,脚、第,脚等等。图,(,)、(,)是模拟，,的定位标记及管脚排序，情况与数字，,相似。模拟，,有少部分管脚排序较特殊，如图,(;)、(,)所示。 图,、图,是各种单列直插，,的管脚排序。数管脚时把 - 35 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 ，,的管脚向下，这时定位标记在左面(与双列直插一样)，从左向右数，就得到管脚的排列序号。 有些进口，,电路的管脚排序是反向的。这类，,的型号后面带有后缀字母“,”。型号后面无“,”的是正向型管脚，有“,”的是反向型管脚，如图,所示。例如:,,,,,和,,,,,,,，,,,,,,,和,,,,,,,,，,,,,,,,和,,,,,,,,，前者是正向管脚型，而后者是反向管脚型。识别这类，,的管脚数应加以注意。 四列扁平封装式，,电路管脚很多，常为大规模成电路所采用，其引脚的标记与排序如图,所示。 - 36 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 - 37 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 - 38 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 第四章 声光报警电路 5.1声光报警电路图: 在声光报警电路中，分为第一级振荡、第二级振荡。当通入3V的电源中，三极管 VT1先被导通，则电容C1进行方向充电，同时电流通过二极管VD1，使得VD1变亮。而刚通入时三极管VT1的集射极的电压升高，与电容C1形成电位差，而此电容的正极与三极管VT2相连，所以三极管VT2导通。这是电容C2进行反向充 - 39 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 电，之后C2的总电位升高，同时电流也流经二极管VD2，此时VD2变亮，当然由于三极管 VT1的基极电位变高，使得三极管 VT1被截止。因此发光二极管VD1不亮。就这样发光二极管VD1、VD2交替着进行工作，而它们交替亮的周期为0.7s~1s,而且亮的时间一样。 当通入3V的电源中，三极管 VT1先被导通，则电容C1进行方向充电，同时电流通过二极管VD1，使得VD1变亮。而刚通入时三极管VT1的集射极的电压升高，与电容C1形成电位差，而此电容的正极与三极管VT2相连，所以三极管VT2导通。这是电容C2进行反向充电，之后C2的总电位升高，同时电流也流经二极管VD2，此时VD2变亮，当然由于三极管 VT1的基极电位变高，使得三极管 VT1被截止。因此发光二极管VD1不亮。就这样发光二极管VD1、VD2交替着进行工作，而它们交替亮的周期为0.7s~1s,而且亮的时间一样。 到第二级振荡,而电容C2调节着三极管VT3，当三极管VT1导通时，则VT 5也被导通，此时蜂鸣器响起。当三极管VT1被截止时，三极管VT3、VT 5被截止，而 VT4被导通。就这样，当发光二级管VD1亮的同时，蜂鸣器在响，而发光二极管VD 2亮时，蜂鸣器则不响，并同时进行着。发光二极管 VD1、VD2循环亮着，蜂鸣器间隔响着。 在电路中，电阻R1、R4其调节发光二极管亮度的作用，而三极管VT 5起放大功率的作用。 4.2 声光报警电路的组装 - 40 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 要将元器件插装在印制板上时，我们要对元器件进行处理。 由于有些元器件的引脚很长，就要对其引脚进行处理。像电阻基本上是以卧式安装为主，则要根据插孔距离的长度对引脚进行整形，并进行去氧化层，可以借助镊子。 在插装这些元器件的时候，有些元器件的引脚有正负极，而有些元器件是很容易判断的，有些长引脚为正极，短引脚为负极。发光二极管和电解电容也一样。有些二极管上有色环的那头为负极，另一头则为正极。如果实在不能确定则可以借助万用表来检测确定。 插装元器件时要按照一定的顺序，一般采用先安装低矮小功率卧式元器件，然后装立式或卧式大功率元器件，再装可变元器件、易损元器件，最后装散热器的元器件和特殊的元器件。 4(3 声光报警电路的调试 将全部元器件都焊接在印制板上后，就要进行调试，检测声光报警电路是否正常运行。实验的成功与否主要看两个发光二极管是否循环亮，蜂鸣器是否响并且是间隔响。 我们在进行中调试失败会遇到发光二极管两个在循环亮，而蜂鸣器却不响。这可能是蜂鸣器坏了，或者是蜂鸣器正负极接反了，或者是焊接时没有焊接好，接触不良等等原因。 有些还有发光二极管不亮，而蜂鸣器却一直响，或者是蜂鸣器也不响，那么就要回到整个电路中去寻找原因。是否哪个元器件接错了，方位不对，或者元器件正负极接反了，三极管的三个 - 41 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 极搞错了，导致引线接错，或者焊接中把哪个元器件给短路了，焊接没焊好，接触不良等等问题。 经过调试我们才知道电路中存在着哪些问题，它告诉我们在连接电路时一定要细心认真，不然回过头来检查那是很麻烦的，而且消耗时间精力。 - 42 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 第五章 数字电子钟 电子数字钟是一种用数字电路技术实现时、分、秒计时的装置，与机械式时钟相比具有更高的准确性和直观性，因此得到了广泛的使用。电子数字钟从原理上讲是一种典型的数字电路，其中包括了组合逻辑电路和时序电路。因此，此次设计与制做电子数字钟就是可以了解电子数字钟的原理，学会制作电子数字钟。通过电子数字钟的制作能进一步的了解各种在制作中用到的中小规模集成电路的作用及实用方法，通过它可以进一步学习与掌握各种组合逻辑电路与时序电路的原理与使用方法。 这次电子数字钟的设计主要是利用74LS160的计数功能来实现电子钟时、分、秒的跳变，整个设计主要分为六个模块:时模块、分模块、秒模块、分频模块、校时校分模块、整点报时模块。时、分、秒模块分别用两块74LS90实现，并且分别将它们设置为60进制，60进制，24进制。秒信号的产生用石英晶体振荡器加分频器来实现，将秒信号送入秒模块，每累计60秒发出一个分脉冲信号，分模块每累计60分钟，发出一个时脉冲信号，时模块实现对24小时的累计，通过六个七段LED显示器显示出来。整点报时电路根据计时系统的输出状态产生一脉冲信号，然后加上一个高频或低频信号送到蜂鸣器实现报时。校时电路是直接加一个脉冲信号到时计数器或者分计数器或者秒计数器来对“时”、“分”、“秒”显示数字进行校对调整。 5.1.1数字钟的构成框图 数字钟实际上是一个对标准频率(1HZ)进行计数的计数电路。 - 43 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 主要由振荡器、分频器、计数器、译码器显示器和校时电路组成。振荡器产生稳定的高频脉冲信号，作为数字钟的时间基准，通常使用石英晶体震荡器，然后经过分频器输出标准秒脉冲，或者由555构成的多谐振荡器来直接产生1HZ的脉冲信号。秒计数器满60后向分计数器进位，分计数器满60后向小时计数器进位，小时计数器按照“24翻1”规律计数。计数器的输出分别经译码器送显示器显示。由于计数的起始时间不可能与标准时间一致，故需要在电路上加一个校时电路，当计时出现误差时，可以用校时电路校时、校分。如图 1-1所示为数字钟电路系统的组成框图。 时显示器 分显示器 秒显示器 时译码器 分译码器 秒译码器 时计数器 分计数器 秒计数器 校时电路 振荡器 分频器 - 44 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 图1-1数字钟电路系统的组成框图 振荡器是数字钟的核心。振荡器的稳定度及频率的精确度决定了数字钟计时的准确程度，一般来说，振荡器的频率越高，计时精度越高。通常选用石英晶体构成振荡器电路构成振荡器。也可以由555定时器组成。 时间计数电路由秒个位和秒十位计数器、分个位和分十位计数器及时个位和时十位计数器电路构成，其中秒个位和秒十位计数器、分个位和分十位计数器为60进制计数器，而根据设计要求，时个位和时十位计数器为24进制计数器。 译码驱动电路将计数器输出的8421BCD码转换为数码管需要的逻辑状态，并且为保证数码管正常工作提供足够的工作电流。 显示电路的组成主要是数码管，数码管由7个发光二极管组成，行成一个日字形，它门可以共阴极，也可以共阳极，本设计 - 45 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 中为共阴极七段显示LED数码管。 当重新接通电源或走时出现误差时都需要对时间进行校正，所以数字钟应具有分校正和时校正功能。对校时电路的要求是:在小时校正时不影响分和秒的正常计数;在分校正时不影响秒和小时的正常计数。 电路图如下: - 46 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 - 47 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 附 录 一 数字钟材料清单 序型号规数材料名称 备注 号 格 量 1 输入插针 CON2 2 J1、J2 2 二极管 4004 6 D1-D6 3 绕线电阻 15/2W 1 R1 4 电阻 240Ω 1 R4 5 电阻 2K 3 R5、6、7 6 电阻 4.7k 3 R40、41、60 7 电阻 10k 4 R38、39、42、43 8 可调电阻 10k 2 R2、3 9 电阻 680Ω 46 R8-R37、R44-59 10 电解电容 470μF 1 C1 11 金属膜电容 0.1μF 2 C2、C3 12 电解电容 10μF 1 C4 13 电解电容 1μF 1 C5 14 金属膜电容 0.01μF 1 C6 15 发光二极管 LED 5 D7-D11 16 共阳7段数码管 SEG-7 6 U6-9、U25-26 17 双4输入与非门 74LS20 3 U22、23、24 18 555定时器 555 1 U19 19 双4选1数据选择器 4052 2 U20、21 20 译码驱动器 7447 6 U2-5、U27、U28 21 10进制计数器 74160 9 U10-18 22 3端稳压集成电路 LM317 1 U1 23 微动开关 SW-PB 3 min_set、hour_set、S4 24 自锁开关 SW DPDT 1 set 25 排针 63孔 1 26 集成块底座 16脚 17 27 集成块底座 14脚 3 28 集成块底座 8脚 1 - 48 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 5.1.2 数字钟直流电源的工作原理 该电路有单相桥式整流电路，电容滤波，三段稳压电路组成。由电源变压器220\9伏外接交流电源，IN1 IN2为交流连接端，R1为限流大功率，三端稳压输出电压由电阻R2调节为5V，当电源正常，发光二极管D7会亮，注意调节电源电压时，必须将断点JUMP断开，调节好后再将断点连接。 5.1.3 数字钟脉冲产生及分频电路的工作原理 该电路由555组成多谐振荡电路产生矩形脉冲波，调节R3，由CLKOUT输出1000HZ脉冲。 5.1.4数字钟时、分、秒电路的工作原理 时间计数电路由60进制的秒计数器，60进制的分计数器和24进制的计数器组成。当分的74LS160芯片的进位输入端11端的脉冲进位信号传到时的脉冲输入端时，时便计数一次，并且其十位和个位的进位关系与分(秒)的十位和个位的进位关系一样。24进制计数器. 5.1.5数字钟码显示的工作原理 译码显示电路是将计数器输出的8421 BCD码译成数码管显示所需要的高低电平。所以在译码电路和数码管的选择上一定要注意配套。如我们采用阴极七段数码管，则译码电路就应选接与它配套的共阴极七段数码驱动器。译码显示电路可采用CD4511BCD-7段译码驱动器，其芯片引脚如下图所示。其中Q、Q、Q、Q与十abCd进制计数器的四个输出端相连接，A、B、C、D、E、F、G即为驱动七段数码显示器的信号。由74LS47把输进来的二进制信号翻译成十进制数字，再由数码管显示出来。计数器实现了对时间的累计并以8421BCD码的形式输送到芯片，再由74LS47芯片把BCD码转 - 49 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 变为十进制数码送到数码管中显示出来。 5.1.6数字钟时、分调教的工作原理 U20为分钟调整电路，U21为小时调整电路。正常计数时，A，B为低电平0，调整时间时，A，B为高电平1.4052为双四选一数据选择器，正常计数时，A,B为低电平0，两个数据选择器将X0，Y0作为输出。当需要调整分钟小时时，使A,B为高电平1，两个数据选择器中X3,Y6作为输出。此时20OUT1-1,20OUT2-1始终为1，确保160计数器处于计数状态。INH为使能端，为0有效，为1禁止工作。 5(2 数字钟的组装 对各类原理理解后，按电路印制板依次焊接各种原件，焊接电路板的过程中，对于裸露在空气中的电线或者芯片引脚，由于受氧化，表层附有一层很薄的氧化物，会导致其导电能力下降，因此须用工具除去氧化层。焊接电路时要注意二极管，电容的极性正确与否。焊接好电阻，电容，二极管，集成块底座，排母后，将集成块，数码管，三端稳压器1117插入底座排母中。 5(3 数字钟的调试 (1)用示波器检测石英晶振的输出信号波形和频率，输出频率应为1000Hz。 (2)将1000Hz信号送入分频电路，用示波器检测输出频率是否符合要求。 (3)将1Hz秒脉冲分别送入时、分、秒计数器，检查各组计数器的工作情况。 (4)观察较时电路的功能是否满足要求。 (5)当分频电路和计数器调试正常后，观察电子钟是否准确，正 - 50 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 常工作。 5.4遇到的问题及解决办法 安装与调试步骤:按照图3.1所示的数字钟系统组成框图，先将秒个位、秒十位、分个位、分十位、时个位、时十位分级焊接，在经过调试没有出现问题后再将它们一一逐级级联，级联后再进行整体计时电路的调试，若此电路能够进行正常计数，那么一个完整的计时电路就出来了。最后分别进行秒脉冲发生器及调时电路的安装，经调试没有出现问题，再将它们与计时电路连接。最后进行整体电路(即数字钟)的调试。 在焊接实物与调试这个阶段，出现了比较多的问题，但是经过我们几个人的讨论及分析，最终找到了解决方案。 首先，在刚开始焊板子的时候，由于不熟悉，不小心把管脚焊错，甚至将整个底座的极性搞反，导致电路不工作。解决方法就是用吸锡器把焊错地方的锡先吸走，再一个人拿烙铁，一个人拔底座，将底座弄出来重新焊上去。 其次，由于芯片接触不良的问题，用万用表欧姆档检测，发现有几个引脚本该相通的地方却未通，而检测的导线状况良好,其解决方法为把芯片拔出，根据板子孔的的状况重新调整其引脚，使其正对于孔，再用力均匀地将芯片插入面包板中，此后发现能正常显示。 在检测驱动电路的过程中发现数码管不能正常显示的状况，经检验发现主要是由于接触不良的问题，其中包括线的接触不良和芯片的接触不良，在实验过程中，数码管有几段二极管时隐时现，有时会消失。 用5V电源对数码管进行检测，一端接地，另一端接触每一段二极管，发现二极管能正常显示的，再用万用表 - 51 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 欧姆档检测每一根线是否接触良好，在检测过程中发现有几根线有时能接通，有时不能接通，把接触不好的线重新接过后发现能正常显示了。 在进行分十位的调试时，发现数码管的七段显示中有一段不亮，检查电路发现数码管与译码管相连接的七个应该是200Ω的电阻，有一个却误焊上了100Ω。解决方法就是将那个电阻换上正确阻值的电阻。 在测试校准电路时发现拨动一次脉冲开关，计数器并不能准确加1，有时会出现加2的现象。究其原因发现仅仅由开关构成的校准电路有抖动现象，使得计数器计时不准确。解决方法就是在原有的校准电路中加焊一个防抖动电路，用基本RS触发器就可以实现这个目的。 - 52 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 结 论 在实训的期间我遇到了很多的困难，发现了很多的问题，正是在解决问题的期间我才慢慢地熟悉了数字电子技术基础的基础知识，才慢慢学会了如何去按照给定的要求组装出合适的电路。 很快，三周的实训就结束了，我还掌握常见故障的处理方案与维修的基本技巧;掌握了不少焊接技术。其实要练就好熟练的焊接技术不是一天两天的事，这需要长时间的练习，希望我们在以后的实训中能有更好的表现，能有所突破～为以后走上工作岗位打下坚实的基础～实习还使我获得了数字电子钟的实际生产知识和装配技能，培养了我理论联系实际的能力，提高了我分析问题和解决问题的能力，增强了独立工作的能力。培养了我与其他同学的团队合作、共同探讨、共同前进的精神。 并且通过本次课程，我明白了一个道理:无论做什么事情,都必需养成严谨,认真,善思的工作作风遇到问题最好的办法就是请教别人，因为每个人掌握的情况都不一样，一个人不可能做到处处都懂，必须发挥群众的力量，复杂的事情才能够简单化。这一点我深有体会，在很多时候，我遇到的困难或许别人之前就遇到过，向他们请教远比自己在那边摸索来得简单，来得快。 - 53 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 致 谢 本综合实训项目是在蔡大华、严明良等老师的悉心指导下完成的，他们对本次实训工作倾注了大量的心血。三周来，各位老师深厚的专业背景、严谨的治学态度、平易宽厚的人格作风使我受益匪浅。感谢您们对我的悉心教诲，使我顺利地完成了实训任务，在实训任务完成之际，衷心感谢各位老师对我的关心和培养～ 感谢我同组同学及同班同学的帮助和关心～最后向审阅技术报告的老师致以深深的谢意～ - 54 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 参考文献 1、王炳勋主编。电工实训教程。北京:机械工业出版社，1999 2、曾祥福主编。电工技能与训练。北京:高等教育出版社，1994 3、机械工业局统编。电工测量。北京:机械工业出版社，1999 4、赵清主编。电工识图。北京电子工业出版社，1998 5、伍时和主编. 数字电子技术基础. 清华大学出版社，2009年4月 6、高建新等主编. 电子技术实验与实训. 机械工业出版社，2006年8月 7、赵淑范等主编. 电子技术实验与课程设计. 清华大学出版社，2006年8月 8、孙淑艳主编. 电子技术实践教学指导书. 中国电力出版社，2005年10月 - 55 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 (英文版 ) easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the < code > and < rule >, lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management , strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the < code > and < rule > is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with < > and < >. To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the - 56 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 supervision of "concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing" three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the < code > as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement < >, do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, - 57 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Don't always take everything back to things, and don't get into a blind alley, don't want to face, don't be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, I'm afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell don't 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can - 58 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth, Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open one's mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also don't envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, ma'am, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, don't envy him A sum of, don't lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. - 59 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also can't let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of - 60 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please don't despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, please don't helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world like a Significance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Don't miss to regret, don't wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flat - 61 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 pavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my heart, so as to remove your heart of stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, laugh it laugh. Results Don't demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their own path and regret, life is like a train, the scenery and then the United States will retreat, the passage of time and encounter will eventually drifting further and further away, before is always himself. 25, everyone has a weakness, weakness is true humanity. That has no weakness, a shallow person. That people think there is no weakness, mostly false. Life has shortcomings, there are shortcomings is the real life. That no one regret, or childish or numbness or Self deception. It is in tolerance of weakness and so on to accept, people live happily. Hello, everyone! I am a party member. The title of my speech is: < study and implement the party's two laws, doing practical play highway. 2015 October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the implementation of the < the probity of the Communist Party of China self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party - 62 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 discipline and punishment regulations. We Heyuan male passers-by to respond positively to the call of the Central Committee of the party, earnestly organize the study "party two regulations", truly grasp the essence and gist, and in their respective positions, to hold the bottom line of the discipline, build a strong ideological line of defense, with the courage to play, the courage to fight tough and fearless spirit, at the crucial moment well to complete the task, with practical action to test the study and implement effect Because of discipline in the * * * * * * * * * * * story. Here, let me to cast a brick to attract jade, speak about our highway. Highway line section of the road surface transformation project, last year "towards the country seized" will be seized one of the items. To complete this arduous task, as a project management office director Comrade, keep in mind from the Communist Party membership, recognize and identify the "bottom line", strict management, and strict adherence to the quality of the project. He not only set an example, honesty and self-discipline, but also requires the management of all the members of the O.K., do not eat the construction unit one meal, do not accept the construction unit a ceremony. In this way, they didn't really dare to adhere to the principle. No comrade, constantly put on reworking an emergency meeting to Comrade Zhen to speak louder, management tube too strict. Remember in Dongguan Street, 400 meters long cement concrete surface layer, because of various reasons, the smoothness of the poor in the bottom cavity, covering film traces and - 63 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 car imprinting quality problems, * * * inquiries, immediately rushed to the scene to understand and verify the situation, the convening of the management office, the construction units, supervision units, construction units, construction units construction time is tight, the economic loss and other reasons to intercede ******** unmoved. He said, "now a popular word, to the discipline and rules quite in front, there are no rules Radius, you construction team not accordance with the technical specifications, quality problems, it must be to carry out rectification. Engineering quality responsibility be weightier than Mount Tai, if we manage to this matter Pavement quality quantity are placed the matter, we this time to learn two regulations have what use? Still what is the Communist Party? "Finally, in his insisted, the road after rework, to solve these problems. In the construction of the new comrades and the project all the colleagues efforts, after four months of fighting, the project the main project was finally completed and passed inspection. Thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles Piao, this is a splendid and romantic scene. But snow for the highway, it is a disaster, a serious threat to the traffic safety. This year, a month, a century of cold wave swept from North to south, and the snow blowing to Guangdong, but also to bear the blow To * * * * the highway. In January on the evening of 23, Lianping county city temperatures dropped to minus 2 degrees, a wide range of sudden rain sleet, before and after the provincial S341 line in Jiulianshan Mountain tunnel sections of the road appeared in - 64 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 the snow, lead to the passing vehicles skid, traffic is blocked. In the face of the sudden natural disasters, city and county highway department immediately launched the emergency plan for disaster prevention. As the front line of the main force, Lianping Highway Bureau of all Party members and cadres to remember the Party member responsibility, braving the biting cold wind, the first time rushed to the scene, on the icy pavement of salt disposal. Because the temperature is too low, just melt water immediately freezes, addition to the ice work to increase the difficulty. To ensure In addition to the re organization of the depths of the traffic safety, road people braved the icy put reflective cones and warning signs, endure cold at minus 2,3 of Jiulianshan patrols until one in the morning. Just before dawn, Lianping Highway Bureau personnel on the icy road salt ice melting processing until ten o'clock, ice melting ice success, the road gradually returned to normal traffic. In the cold winter night, which people do not miss the warm bed, which people do not miss the warm home. However, our highway on the road to the owners of the masses can go home early, the night fighting to secure the avoidance of the road safety and smoothness, fulfill their responsibility. Xi General Secretary Every Party member cadre cautioned against said: blacksmith needs self hard "." two regulations ", is our own hard standard test, more exercise every party members and cadres of the fire. We should continue to strengthen the party two regulations, conscientiously in practical work, practical play road, the - 65 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 road for the development of the cause of Heyuan and struggle. In the industry domain report the situation of road traffic in recent years, in the province highway departments of the concern and support, our bureau management department based on the job, loyalty duty, best service, to further promote the highway management standardization, legal, scientific and information technology to improve the management level and service quality. This will be my last work is as follows: first, around the center, go all out to greet the seizure in 2015, "meet national examination" is my bureau work. As the highway management department, we focus on the work of the center to strengthen road renovation and management as the focal point, further optimize the service environment, improve service levels. Inspection, the inspection group and the Ministry of transport, the Bureau under the leadership of the ministries and agencies highly evaluated and fully affirmed. (a) increase road area remediation efforts. The programme of work, strengthen the organization and leadership. The timely development of the city of <*** common trunk highway area environment remediation plan >, along the road signs and markings, traffic safety facilities, on both sides of the green, advertising signs, control area illegal construction and implementation of remediation tasks to the relevant departments, clear work time of the node to ensure rectification work timely. Set up road area special rectification work - 66 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 leading group, implement a bureau, the Bureau of the county (District), the project road site domain environment comprehensive improvement Mechanism. To ensure that the work carried out smoothly, the bureau also organized the city road managers participated in the regulation of road region and the relevant laws and regulations of the special training. 2. Active butt joint is reported, actively strive for the support of. Local Party committee and government support is the job As a magic weapon, I am one of the Bureau of the principal leaders repeatedly attack inspection "remediation and road area to the principal leaders of the municipal report. * * *, the Secretary of municipal Party committee, mayor * *, * * *, vice mayor of many times the rate of the relevant departments directly under the responsible person in-depth National Highway G105 line, G205 line, provincial S341 line and the other highway project site, on-site office, coordination solve engineering construction and environmental comprehensive renovation in the presence of difficulties and problems. Last year, national highway along the county (District) government led organizations deploy traffic, urban management, public security, land, environmental protection, industry and commerce, highways and other related departments, to carry out to dismantle illegal construction and ground structures, cleaning up illegal standard Records label "as the main content of the road domain integrated environmental remediation activities and achieved good results. 3. Pay attention to - 67 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 comprehensive management, improve the effectiveness of remediation. Road construction control management has been strengthened. According to the relevant provisions of the laws and regulations of the < Highway Law > and < highway safety regulations for the protection of > and so on, county * *, * * County People's Government on highway construction control area were delineated and issue a public notice, * * County People's government also approved by the executive meeting of the government through discussion, implementation of road boundary markers of 73 million yuan of special funds input, stake setting. According to statistics, last year the city has erected building control zone peg 820, construction control area boundary markers 815 . the second is highway greening and beautification work enhance the road area remediation effectiveness. Will highway greening and beautification work as road area remediation of a key, invite garden experts to guide the design of green, the implementation of high standards for ecological landscape highway activities to create, five years, I board greening mileage of more than 900 kilometers, appropriate road greening greening rate of 100%, effectively enhance the city road greening level and grade, adds a sharp scenery line for **********. Third, rectification of illegal construction and occupation of the road has been checked. By through the town, crossing the road on many occasions to carry out concentrated rectification actions, to clear the remnants of the wall, broken Archives of highways in strict accordance with the wall of - 68 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 building structures and the illegal deposits, remediation along the Jeeves, Jeeves placed advertisements and vehicle maintenance, car washing and other acts, standardize and purification on both sides of the highway billboards and other non road signs, I city of national and provincial highway basic elimination of the "dirty, chaotic, poor, blocking phenomenon, highway traffic environment purification, landscaping. (2) to strengthen the management on the basic data management. The level of the archives management regulations, formulate the < file management system >, the establishment of the road, the implementation of the file manager, file collection, filing, sorting, filing, confidentiality, custody, borrow, identification pin Destroy the standardization. 2, standardized management, enhance service image (a) evaluation system to further improve in order to strengthen and standardize guidance and assessment of each county (area) bureau of highways management work, the Bureau developed a <*** City Highway Bureau highways management assessment implementation measures (Trial). To regularly check for half a year, year-end assessment and irregular random sampling combined, taking the spot road inspections, sampling sections, listening to the reports, archives data check, for each county (area) bureau of highways management work implementation of the special assessment. According to the annual comprehensive assessment appraisal score results, evaluation of outstanding, excellent compliance and Not up to the standard of four - 69 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 grades. And in accordance with the level of assessment, the award on behalf of dial highway management funds. Total score is above 95%, is excellent, 10 million yuan reward; total score of 90 - 94 for excellent, 8 million yuan reward; for the total score of 80 - 89 points for standard, reward 50000 yuan. On the total score is less than 79 points for non-compliance unit, circulate a notice of criticism. (II) Sheung inspection work to further standardize a is in place to ensure the inspection. National and provincial trunk highway patrol monthly not less than 20 days, State Road a week of not less than 3 times, dart a week of not less than 2 times. The second is to explore and promote the electronic patrol monitoring. City highway patrol vehicles are installed on the highway patrol vehicle monitoring system; highway law enforcement personnel are equipped with a recorder for law enforcement, on the process of supervision and law enforcement to ensure evidence has played an effective role. The third is unified and standardized inspection ledger records, inspection equipment use and management of the electronic Patrol information storage utilization. The fourth is the establishment of highway maintenance and inspections mechanism. The city's 19 country and provincial trunk highway maintenance center equipped with the CPPCC keeper, and to develop a road of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference tube member responsibilities. According to statistics, in 2015 (on the road. Day.... Stop the road mileage, 17 cases; clean up debris on - 70 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 both sides of the road 20 , demolition billboard 30, demolition chaotic scaffolding house 3, clean Lane Hawking 15.) (3) road permit work to further strengthen the implementation of administrative licensing system, strengthen the supervision and administration of the licensing. Strict implementation of the < Guangdong Province highways license implementation measures >. According to the provisions of the road approval procedures and processes to carry out road license, do according to the law, the license in accordance with the law, shall be subject to examination and approval of the. Implement the collective examination and approval, to strengthen supervision. Highways and approval of business implementation of technical review of administrative approval and separation, the audit focused on the more complex involved in the road licensing matters, collective decision-making, to improve the scientific nature of the road administrative examination and approval, reduce approval corruption risks. Second is to promote the In administrative permission of information technology to improve service quality. According to the <*** Provincial People's Government Office on Issuing 2014 improve and expand the spirit of the relevant documents of the online business hall of program of work notice > and ministries and provincial and municipal government, I realized the butt of Guangdong Province highway information network and provincial network business hall * * * branch office highways licensing examination and approval work. - 71 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 Simplify the licensing process, and strengthen the office system, optimize the quality of service. (4) image of the team to further enhance a is grasp Windows image.2015 years, my bureau highways licensing in the city administrative service center settings window service. According to the <** provincial highway The provisions of the administrative licensing service window management way > and < on regulating the content of the public notice >, I Bureau for damaged highway capacity compensation standard, occupied by highway repair (lost) compensation expenses standards, in accordance with the law of administrative licensing items, the communications administrative license implementation procedures into the line on the wall publicity, in the service window is equipped with all kinds of application fill in sample, administrative licensing service guide brochure, in a conspicuous place public commitment to the system and advisory telephone complaints, for the masses provides warm and thoughtful service. Second is to grasp the "Four Unifications" working in the city's highway law enforcement image. According to the Ministry of transport < to strengthen transportation administrative law enforcement image construction guidance Scheme > and the ministries of the Provincial Bureau of the relevant documents, I board in front of the June 2015 completed the identification of law enforcement, law enforcement station appearance, clothing of law enforcement, law enforcement documents "four unification". (5) the AILU nursing atmosphere further formation of - 72 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 my bureau attaches great importance to the propaganda work of highway management "road awareness month" into <*** City Highway Bureau 2015 road administration work points. One is around the "norms of law enforcement, improve the service" theme "road awareness month" activities carried out. According to statistics, the city's highway system were deployed highways propaganda car 60 times, staff of highways 152 people, set point consulting 6, issued and publicity Data of 8000, hanging banners 134; broadcast 60 hours / 20, update 7 inch high rod making permanent propaganda page 4; in <*** Daily > 7th edition published < highway laws and regulations publicity content >, purchased and distributed < the people's Republic of China Highway Law >, < highway Ann Quanbao supporting regulations > legal text, a total of 500 this. The second is to carry out "12.4" national legal advocacy day activities, the city road officers go deep among the masses interpretation of highway Highways Management laws, regulations and policy advocacy, analysis for illegal construction at both sides of the road, a typical case of illegal advertising management, showing public road construction and maintenance of highways The actual results of the management, the masses love protection consciousness and social awareness to further enhance the enforcement of highways. In recent years, I board in the highway management work were some beneficial explorations and the attempt, and achieved initial results, but - 73 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 there is still a certain gap compared with requirements of the Provincial Bureau and other brothers City, we will to implement the party's spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the opportunity, and further increase the intensity of road management work, and constantly improve the overall quality of the workforce and the ability to learn, and strive to achieve the new highway across. Today the topic of democratic life will I talk about the main to correctly treat leave turn ensure transition delicate gas is understanding, to carry out criticism and self-criticism, in-depth to find problems, profound analysis of the causes, through self analysis to find their own existence problem, to correctly understand their own, strengthen the party spirit training, to ensure that the election of smoothly and successfully completed. Below I talk about their own situation, please put forward valuable opinion. Main understanding (a) serious discipline, to create a delicate gas is in the general environment in accordance with the Central Commission for discipline inspection organs, < of Organization Department of CPC Central Committee on strengthening the election of the notice of customs supervision >, municipal < on doing a good job City Township leadership transition in the notification > and county Party Committee Organization Department of the county Party Committee Organization Department < on the convening of the correct treatment leave turn ensure transition - 74 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 Fengqing gas is a feature of democratic life notice > files related to the spirit of the requirements, earnestly implement the "nine is prohibited, nine shall be" the solemn discipline, I earnestly study the < Chinese Communist Party principle of honesty and self-discipline >. < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations >, < promote leading cadre of some regulations >, < party and government leading cadres selection and appointment Regulations > and file, and a profound understanding of the nine is prohibited, a nine law "discipline essence and firmly safeguard the election of serious Ensure the unhealthy tendencies have successfully completed, and actively create a delicate gas is the election of environment, to ensure that the election, so as to further strengthen the town leadership and cadre team construction. Through the study, in-depth thinking, to a serious discipline the importance and necessity of a more profound understanding. First, it is the iron discipline. The central put forward the "nine is prohibited, nine shall be the reason for early serious general discipline, designated" high-voltage wire, "itself reflects the party committees at all levels of the reelection of attaches great importance to the objective is bright resolute attitude, the implementation of effective measures, the same candidate to fight with discipline election of wind Discipline in gas is health. Secondly, this is prevenient. From some typical cases, we can see that individual cadres election to engage in speculative hack canvassing votes, in violation of discipline, and ultimately paid a high - 75 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 price. The destruction of Hengyang election case and Nanchong canvassing bribery case that strengthen election discipline, serious election discipline of necessity and importance. The discipline of publicity to the public, wide report, that is, early warning, early hit precautionary needle, tell the cadres should do what shouldn't do, what to do and what not to do, and better education of cadres, warning cadres, and build a strong line of defense, to avoid the occurrence of similar problems. There is duty. Serious discipline, with a strong team is an important starting point. As the leadership of the party members and cadres, take the lead in the implementation and take the lead in upholding the election of discipline, which is a major political responsibility. Must be clear requirements, strict constraints themselves, cherish the honor, safeguard the image of the organization; promote righteousness, play an exemplary role. Especially as deputy Township, but also to give a full play to its role, always stand in the discipline of first-line maintenance. The wind Su Ji through the election of the work of the whole process. (II) serious discipline, treat correctly leave turn as a cadre of the party, whether it is in, is back, stay, turn are organization Metabolism of entrepreneurial career, need and development need. So, his first with a broad mind to treat "leave turn". The position is officer positions, power for the people service tools. Different positions of the party's cause, plays a decisive role, the same important. To ability strong, - 76 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 style of comrade to important positions and applause, is full of vigor and vitality and promising young cadres in leadership and cheer for their own "leave turn" and calmly face, calm place. Second is to a healthy state of mind to treat "leave turn". The personnel of metabolic, between the past and the present. Cadre new old alternant, team, push In the party constitution control strict working to career development objective need, is never the end of the historical process. Each a cadre must face up to the laws of nature to think we also took the former relay baton "go on leadership post, regardless of the current positions, positions and responsibilities have what change, can do for peace of mind and mood, such as water, in a happy mood. (3) carefully and find out the problem, correct understanding of themselves, even though they do conscientious, serious attitude, honesty in politics, but high standard < >, the control standard, especially control learning, striving for excellent activities emerge in large numbers of advanced characters, advanced deeds Static not consciously practice the "strict three real" and strengthen the party spirit accomplishment to find the gap, swing is insufficient, a clear direction, mainly manifested in the following aspects: one is the learning initiative and self-consciousness. Often busy with work as an excuse, not consciously take the initiative to spare time to learn. Is often superior to learn what to learn what, and work closely to learn, and working relationship is not less to learn. Mainly manifested in the theoretical study - 77 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 is not thorough, system is not thorough, the Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents" important thought, the scientific concept of development and learning, general secretary of the series of speech learning, just from the surface on learning In the less less less and not deep enough, not from the deeper study, to study, to understand, to sentiment, to use, to guide the work. The second is to investigate the research. This year their participation in the county, the county government's important meeting, the town Party work time is more, coupled with the specific affairs busy, in-depth primary research time reduced. The inspection was carried out research activities, there are surface examination, thematic research, listen to reports and discussion research, the general requirements and specific guidance, in a certain extent, affected the timely discovery and solve. Third is the level of leadership, leadership and need to be further improved. Stroke the personnel selection is positive, work coordination and cooperation can't to the best effect; in the coordination to deal with some complex problems, the approach is not enough. Especially encountered, time is tight, the task is heavy, is often the soldiers to be blocked, the water to soil cover, struggling to cope with. The global and forward-looking innovation is not enough. (4) to ensure that the transition delicate gas selected loyal to the party loyal to the people of leading cadres (recommended) for the county to provide accurate information to ensure the transition in the air, after the - 78 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 general election of work have a greater change. The second is balanced, promote the work in an orderly manner. In the future a period of time, the transition will be in the county under the leadership of the Extended surface. And breeding industry and the construction of key projects also in actively, they have to seriously consider, overall transition and key projects to promote. Education team members and the town, village cadres actively participate in industry cultivate the work, with outstanding achievements to accept the assessment of test of the organization and the masses of the people, in the town set up promising is a strong general business and the right atmosphere general election, do election and projects to promote the two not mistake, the promotion of two. Second, the rectification measures One is to enhance learning, awareness raising, he will continue to strengthen learning, improve the level of awareness, their own unity of thought and action to the county, township party committee of arrangements for the election. The second is correctly, strengthen discipline, own the right of transition, a matter of personal leave turn, as a town, deputy secretary of Party committee, themselves are fully aware of the only serious work, strict demands on themselves in order to not negative expectations of organizations and the masses, so that individuals can well deal with good transition in personal leave turn. Three people on the election promise as Deputy Secretary of the Party committee, in the election of my solemn commitment to Catch: if a is strictly abide by and - 79 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 take the lead in the implementation of the "nine is prohibited, nine" transition discipline, not to engage in cliques, not to engage in canvassing votes buying and selling, buying, and no fraud swindlers officer, do not intercede say hello, not illegal, not to run gas leak, do not interfere with changing times, accomplish strict discipline, warning, with iron discipline firmly put unhealthy trends, promote delicate gas to ensure transition in the healthy and orderly development; the second is resolutely obey organization arrangement, and resolutely to stress the party spirit, principle, discuss overall situation, correctly treat personal leave turn, the correct treatment the election results and focus on their careers, from start to finish, ensure the normal and orderly develop. For in-depth study and implement the party's eighteen, the eighth session of the fourth, the spirit of the fifth plenary session, the implementation of comprehensive strictly required, a solid grasp of the construction of Party member team, in accordance with the requirements of the county Party Committee Organization Department No. 3 (2016) Luo Zufa. According to the requirements of the < Chinese Communist Party Constitution > and the central work of education for the party members, combined with actual town, 2016 Party member education and training scheme is formulated. The guiding ideology adhere to a - 80 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 comprehensive study of implementing the scientific development view as guidance, in-depth study and implement the party's eighteen, the eighth session of the fourth, fifth plenary session and the General Secretary Xi Jinping series important Speech adhere to the application for promoting learning, and strive to improve our ideological and political quality of Party members; firmly establish catch a party to build pipe must be members, tube members first catch education of ideological understanding, close to the Party member's ideological and practical work, strive to build a party regular education work mechanism, promote the party members play a vanguard and exemplary role; firmly grasp the construction of ability of administration of strengthening the party, advanced nature and purity of construction of the main line, adhere to to enhanced grasp the party building work consciousness, strengthen the self construction of the party organizations as the fundamental starting point, for the town's economic and social development provided for ideological and political guarantee of the strong and powerful organization guarantee. Second, target 201 The main task of 6 years of education and training of Party members is earnestly implement the <2015 - 2018 XX County Education and training of Party members to implement views > (Luo Wei do [2015] 121) to further strengthen the work of the education and training of Party members request, to training the town, the grassroots party members and common. From 5 January 2016, through a variety of channels in a variety of forms in - 81 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 a planned, step by step, to focus on the organization to carry out the education and training of Party members. A party spirit idea generally enhanced. Through education and training, prompting the majority of Party members to further strengthen the ideal and faith, enhance the party concept, consciously practice the agency will socialist core value system. To further enhance the confidence of the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, theoretical system of self-confidence and confidence. (II) Party members working ability greatly improved. Through the development of education and training, to boost the knowledge structure of Party members transformation and upgrading, improve the party to use the Marxist stand, viewpoints and methods of analysis and problem solving ability, adapt to the new situation and new tasks. (3) play an effective role of Party member model. Through the development of training and education, promote the party members in theProduction, work, learning and service to the community in give full play to the exemplary vanguard role, and actively striving to take the lead in learning to improve and take the lead in striving for success, serving the masses to take the lead and lead law-abiding, take the lead in promoting the healthy atmosphere model. (4) the building of grassroots organizations strong impetus. Through the development of education and training, the Party member troop overall quality and ability to serve the people increased, grass-roots party organization's creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the - 82 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 improved. Contents and measures according to different type of the town, at different levels, the actual needs of the different positions of Party members, hierarchical class to carry out the education and training of Party members. Adhere to the town overall and please tutoring, please Come in and sent down the combination, to the party spirit education and ability cultivation as the center, overall constitution and discipline, the core value system, political theory, domestic and international situation in town situation, party organization construction, legal education, culture, science and technology, industrial development, management, resource management and protection, social management innovation in the aspects, to village (unit) as a unit, to all members of the organization a above rotation activities. Focus on Township and village committee cadres straight unit leading Party group secretary, activist of join or be admitted to the party, the education and training of village class mothball cadre training, efforts to strengthen the parties organization Secretary of party spirit accomplishment, do a good job of the consciousness of the party building work, enhanced the Party activist , people in rural areas to promote rural economic development of practical abilities. At the same time, through the development of the theme of practical training, autonomous learning training, make full use of the party members and cadres of modern distance education network etc., for the party members in various fields to carry out the classification of rotation, party spirit training, tobe grind quality, - 83 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 improve quality. Organizational Leadership (a) strengthen leadership, implement the responsibility. Town Party committee to the work of the education and training of Party members into the party building work important content, the overall responsibility of the Secretary of the Party committee, vice secretary of the lead and the implementation of specific members of the organization, the organizational Secretary of the parties to personally plan, personally deploy, supervise the implementation; the education and training of Party members to carry out into the grass-roots party Construction work responsibility system and the building of grassroots organizations special assessment, directly with the grass-roots party organizations Pingxianpingyou link, to strengthen the organization and leadership to do a good job of work to implement. (II) the overall progress, implement the plan. Ensure that the deployment, according to the arrangement of the 2016 Party member education and training plans, based on the actual needs of the party, on-demand rationing; do supervision and guidance, strengthen the supervision of the work of the education and training of Party members, guidance and services to help solve the difficulties and problems in the training; assessment, by listening to the report, information search, evaluation, etc., with emphasis on the assessment of the implementation of the plan, Party members to participate in training proportion and effect, indeed Protect task implementation. (3) the typical guide, step up publicity. Pay attention to cultivate advanced and - 84 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 typical, timely promotion and the typical experience of the characteristics of the practice. The work of the education and training of Party members as the focus of the grass-roots party building and the sector skills training for communication and advocacy, by setting the column, offering special journals and other forms of propaganda, to create a strong atmosphere of public opinion, promote the orderly conduct of the work and achieved certain results. In order to further implement the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of major speeches about the party's work style and clean government and anti-corruption struggle spirit and the central, province, city, County Commission for Discipline Inspection and the spirit of the plenary session, to further strengthen the awareness of the loyal party members and cadres, sense of purpose, sense of responsibility and a sense of discipline, boost the county's economic and social development. In accordance with the ensemble [of Ji Qing 2016) spirit of the document No. 3, combined with my bureau actual, make this program of activities, and a theme of learning party discipline, strict discipline, boosting Qingshen development. Second, activity time April 2016 1 - April 30, three, activity content (a) carry out party discipline learning activities. Global organization of cadres and workers to focus on learning, network learning, self-study and other forms of strengthen constitution < < the probity of the Communist Party of - 85 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 China self-discipline criterion "" Chinese Communist Party disciplinary Regulations >, < Xi Jinping on clean government and anti-corruption fight discusses excerpts > and other relevant information learning. Education for Party members and cadres to < code > < Regulations > as the ruler, combined with its work, measure, control and their own ideas and practical test, take the initiative to conduct Lianzheng is affirmatory consciously practice commitment, achieve the hearts of the party, Zun Jishou Confessions of readings of the Si > < confessions to carry out the hearts of the people, in the heart has the responsibility, in the heart has quit, maintain the party's advanced nature and purity. (2) to carry out special warning education activities. In the global "read < > writing experience, the concept of warning education independent micro film > reflections, prisons and courtroom free" as the main content of the special warning education activities. Use of the weekly worker will focus to watch a warning education. The < >, cadres and workers to write their feelings, reflections, and the clean publicity column posted; 4 month global organization of Party members and cadres to the eyebrow delta prison visits to detainees xianshenshuifa education of cadres and workers With low-cost combined with special method. (3) to teach a class of anti-corruption initiate cheap course. By the leaders of anti corruption and financial supervision and administration of state-owned assets of explain the profound things in a simple way to explain, so that all staff of honest business, according to the - 86 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 law to act in a more profound understanding, so as to enhance staff's sense of responsibility and sense of mission. (4) to promote innovation to help the family activities. To carry out the party members and cadres "motto, bright family traditions" activities for family education into harmony, filial piety, encouraging learning, goodness, thrifty, inspirational, cultivation of excellent genes to guide Party members and cadres to good tradition folk, with a good tradition being honest, with good tradition promote political winds, creating a delicate gas is the general atmosphere. Four activities (a) to strengthen leadership, careful organization. One is the establishment of the "independent warning education month" activities leading group of the state owned Financial Bureau, bureau leading Party group secretary of the leader, board members of the team to serve as deputy head. The second is making < County State Owned Financial Bureau independent warning education activities month scheme > determine promotional content, clear steps, truly understanding, measures, and put in place, ensure the effectiveness of the activities. (II) take all factors into consideration, pay attention to actual effect. According to "strict three real special education and" two studies do "activities, in based on the provisions of the action without aliasing, and creativity to carry out various forms, rich and colorful activities, and strive to Pay attention to actual effect, and resolutely prevent, going through the motions, really promote the party members and cadres from the depths of the ideological solidating abide by discipline - 87 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 regulations of the defence. (3) strengthening propaganda, to create atmosphere. To make full use of the column publicity, propaganda position of network, increase publicity efforts, expand warning education activities of the coverage and influence. Today, we hold the city's precise technology to poverty alleviation and project work to promote the meeting, the main purpose is to further promote the task of aiding the poor with technology roots and accelerate all kinds of scientific and technological projects. Last year, this year, the city's scientific and technological work has made remarkable achievements, such as the convening of national poverty alleviation of science and technology on the spot will, cultivate high-tech enterprises, Bashan scholar training and the introduction of scientific and technical personnel incentives, listing national agricultural science and Technology Park, science and technology incubator building. Just now, Huangli In recent years city science and technology to help the poor and science and technology project effectiveness, the main problems were analyzed, and in a period of time in the future, the city's precise technology to poverty alleviation and science and technology project work arrangements, I agree, I hope everyone to earnestly implement. Here, I stressed the three points. Learning "learning", to carry out the "learning and doing" education as - 88 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 the city's innovation and development of an important driving force. The Party Central Committee decided to 2016 years in all Party members to carry out learning the party constitution, party rules, a series of speech, do a qualified party member education (referred to as "learning to do"). Some time ago, I called the "learning the party constitution, party rules, a series of speech, do a qualified party member education and mobilization, the province carried out within the" two a "learning education mobilization. Municipal Party committee will soon be held a mobilization will make arrangements for the deployment. To carry out the" two a "study and education, based on" learning ", key in" do ". As the science and Technology Department of cadres and workers, to (benchmark for two pilot demonstration study through studying the party constitution of party compasses, a series of speech, not only to do a qualified party members, to do a good job of science and technology innovation. Next week, I as the city's county-level leading cadres reading class open cooperation and innovation driven study group members went to Mianyang, Meishan national innovation driven development characteristics and the province's Innovation Driven Development Zone work experience, a great harvest, feeling very deep. Mianyang, Meishan city innovation driven strength is very great, especially is Mianyang has become civil military integration, a comprehensive reform and innovation, our benchmarking in Mianyang, the gap is very large. Mianyang Science and technology city construction - 89 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 as the basis, built around the "Five" goal of building Hotbed of innovation of construction science and technology, military and civilian fusion demonstration, collecting and distributing center of scientific and technological achievements, innovative talents convergence and high technology industry concentration), vigorously promote to military and civilian fusion for the characteristics of comprehensive reform pilot innovation, and achieved remarkable results, is toward the national civil military integration innovation demonstration area, the national innovation driven development characteristics demonstration area and western economic development growth emerging great step forward. The expanding Park, stronger innovation platform; incubated enterprises, cultivate innovation; poly talent, to improve the ability of innovation; promoting fusion, highlighting the characteristics of the innovation; catch open, form innovation efforts of the experience is worth learning from. Benchmarking advanced, we have to struggling to The amount of weight is to grasp to catch the strategic innovation. To improve the target oriented system. The innovation actually placed in the core position, firmly establish the "grasping innovation development, seek innovation is to seek the future, innovation is not backward, slow innovation also will lag behind" concept, accelerate factor driven to innovation driven change. City Branch Bureau to actively seek the city management system emphasizing the innovation driven development, focus on strengthening the scientific - 90 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 and technological enterprise incubator construction, scientific and technological innovation platform, technology oriented small and medium-sized enterprises to cultivate, high and new technology industry output value and product evaluation. Second, we must built innovation and Entrepreneurship platform. The city will be in Pakistan and the open area to build the whole To confidence, "double center", the new industrial park for a period, the city public entrepreneurship Park Phase II, Qin Ba electricity supplier industry park for three period, incubation area of more than 50 million square meters. The county (District) to take advantage of idle assets of construction science and technology enterprise incubator, a passenger space and other new public record space, the formation of a, a, a, to create vivid situation. Third, we must foster technological innovation subject. To vigorously implement the "high and new technology enterprise doubling plan" and "science and technology oriented small and medium-sized enterprises to cultivate plan", to honor the implementation of tax incentives, financial subsidies, such as a package of policies to support, so that high technology enterprise "indomitable spirit", let the small and medium-sized enterprise "overwhelming". To increase investment in science and technology innovation. To actively seek special funds for the development of Municipal Science and technology part for cashing innovation drive the development of financial subsidy policy, transfer a portion of funds for science and technology enterprises of loan - 91 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 guarantees and interest subsidies. Encourage banking institutions set up science and technology branch of the franchise, push the patent pledge loan, for the small and medium sized enterprises of science and technology provide financing services tailored. Fifth, we must strengthen science and technology personnel. To attract more technology military personnel and high-end talent with technology, project, with funds to Bazhong Lingban or joint science and technology enterprises, encourage and support both inside and outside the citycomrades and the5 years of college graduates and college students to a new public space, science and technology business incubator innovation and entrepreneurship. Second, it is necessary to promote the precision technology poverty alleviation as the important content of the scientific and technological work. To build a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020 is the party's eighteen to the whole Party and the people throughout the country to make a solemn commitment. Lead the city people out of poverty to become rich go straight towards well-off, Party committees at all levels, political responsibility and mission of the times of the government's major political, technology sector is also the bounden responsibility. Municipal three tenth plenary session made < on the go all out win battle poverty alleviation and development to ensure synchronous completion of a comprehensive well-off society decided >, proposed to further promote the "five a group - 92 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 of" precise action to help the poor, "six precision" and "1 + 6" poverty alleviation projects, clear the "add Great science and technology achievement transformation efforts, accelerate the construction science and technology poverty demonstration village and demonstration households, give full play to the role of modern information network, for the impoverished village poor households to provide production technology, market information, policy advice, encourage scientific and technical personnel to the poor village launched a to one helping and guiding the development of income industrial projects, strengthen technical training and propaganda of popular science, highlighting grasp large breeding, family farmers, agricultural co-operatives are the backbone of the training "technical poverty alleviation mission. The city's science and technology sector must be from the political height, the assault fortified positions that help deficient up as the most important task, the most urgent work. The most arduous mission, to science and technology for precise poverty alleviation promote to speed up a well-off society in an all-round way Decision to deploy, boost the process to precise technology to poverty alleviation and the effectiveness of a well off society in an all round way. One should obey the overall situation. The city's scientific and technological system of cadres and workers, especially leading cadres, should have the political consciousness, ideological conscious action conscious, in accordance with the central, provincial and municipal - 93 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 deployment requirements, to strengthen the organization and leadership, reasonable arrangement of time, carefully study the deployment, to ensure poverty. There must be resolutely implement the political position and character, poverty alleviation and the attitude to be distinctive, poverty alleviation action should be strong, to politics, to understand the overall situation, re implementation, see results. To lock the target. In accordance with the provincial Party committee and the municipal Party committee, municipal government, lock 2 provincial-level General requirements for the completion of the goal of poverty alleviation poverty alleviation poverty alleviation poverty alleviation poverty alleviation poverty alleviation and Technology Demonstration County, four provincial science and technology demonstration towns, 10 provincial science and technology demonstration village and a municipal science and technology demonstration area, 2 Municipal Science and technology demonstration towns, five municipal science and technology demonstration village and the "five one" precise technology to poverty alleviation and special operations tasks, inverted duration, wall chart battle, set the time, tasks, measures, staff, given the responsibility to ensure high quality precision technology poverty alleviation task. To focus on the key. To focus on precise poverty and accurate out of poverty, detailed measures, clear job responsibilities, to develop targeted and operable precise technology to implement poverty alleviation program. Prominent precise poverty - 94 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 technical training, poor village informatization construction, technology oriented poverty reduction model village and demonstration households construction precision technology poverty alleviation focus, in a precise sense, precise attitude, precise style, go all out to fight the precise technology of poverty alleviation and battle. Three, it is necessary to strengthen science and technology funds supervision as an important means to enhance the quality of the project. Science and technology project fund supervision is the key to the implementation of the project of science and technology. In recent years, especially during the "Twelfth Five Year Plan" period, the system of science and technology management in the city vigorously to declare the implementation of the country and province science and technology projects, science and technology demonstration lead brought obvious effect and improve the scientific and technological innovation capability of enterprises, boosting the characteristics and advantages of industrial development, science and technology support to the economic and social leading role improved significantly. In the project management of science and technology, in addition to seriously implement the state, provincial science and technology project management rules and regulations, and the actual Bazhong, established the access system of science and technology projects, the project of science and technology commissioner system, - 95 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 science and technology Project credit system and scientific and technological projects honest commitment system, and the Municipal Finance Bureau jointly issued the > < Bazhong City Science and technology development funds management approach, formulated the "trilogy of seven" science and technology project implementation specification, these are worth fully affirmed. However, we should also see clearly, we in the science and technology project management still exist "account of the special accounts, earmarking system is no effective implementation and other issues. In particular, this year the Audit Commission Chengdu Tepai ban on Bazhong confidence found in the audit of science and technology business incubatorProblem has certain representativeness. The audit to us sounded the alarm, should cause everyone vigilance. Here, I will strengthen science and technology project budget supervision put forward four requirements: a strict project reporting, prevent fraud. Implementation of the project to declare the competition mechanism, the annual financial support to science and technology projects oriented society Bulletin, conditions open content, open competition to declare, open field investigation, public presentations, the public assessment of the decision, do full open and transparent, fair, accept social supervision. To those who resort to deceit or something real is not clear, suspected of defrauding, impersonator national subsidy funds, once found immediately cancel Declaration of qualification, recovery of funds - 96 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 subsidy and discipline in accordance with the law strictly held responsible. Second, we must innovation funds supervision. In county finance to establish science and technology project "account", the project undertaking entity in accordance with the key nodes task completion by formal invoice to apply for funding and audited by the Department of science and technology, the Ministry of finance funds, and resolutely put an end to project funds are retained, misuse and misappropriation. Third, we need to strengthen scientific and technological project supervision. Department in charge of science and technology to strengthen project inspections to check or checks, of ineffective implementation to strengthen the supervision and the existence of violations of responsibility into the project undertaker rectification. To establish a scientific and technological project, "black list" system, the Project implementation quality particularly poor recorded in the "black list", stage or permanent abolition of the applicant country, province, city science and technology project qualification. Fourth, it is necessary to carry out training funds management. Science City Bureau to the initiative to meet with the finance department, organize project unit commitment held science and technology project funds management training, of country, provincial and municipal science and technology project funds management of the relevant policies, financial acceptance specification, mid supervision points, budget review points and key contents were training system, to ensure the use of project funds safe and - 97 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 reasonable. Thank you all! To implement the central, provincial, city and county to make important decision about the grass-roots party construction work in the deployment, push forward the county public security organs in the work of Party building, further strengthen the party secretary of the governing party and party liability, according to < of the Organization Department of CPC Committee of Xuchang County on the issuance of the "counties as well as the authority of Party building debriefing appraisal implementation solutions" notice > requirements, according to the arrangement of the Bureau of the party work. Today, the organization held the county public security organs party secretary grasping grass-roots party construction work in the debriefing will. The implementation of this is a powerful measure to the Secretary of the party organization construction of the party,, and is learning to carry out the party's spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the, grasp the new situation of Party building work under the rules, pushing Public security party building services in the public security center of the inevitable requirement. Just now, the 3 Juzhu unit Party branch secretary of debriefing, below I - 98 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 on the 3 party organization work one by one review. Party branch of the Political Department Good: first, strengthen ideological and political work, pay close attention to the work of the implementation. The Political Department of the Party branch strictly in accordance with the requirements of bureau Party committee, to "strict three real special education as the main line, take effective measures, pay close attention to the ideological and political work of the implementation, strengthen the education of Party members and the police thought, improve the Police Ideological and political consciousness, make a solid foundation for public security work smooth development of health. Second, strict management team, boost the morale of the team. Strict implementation of Police Ideological Trend of periodic analysis, timely grasp the ideological situation of the personnel; strictly implement the system of check on work attendance, strengthen the daily management; cash rewards and punishments, continue to boost the morale of the team. The third is The intensification of police training, improve the police actual combat skill. Seriously and actively carry out a series of training activities and < Henan public security network, > learning activities, the majority of police in the political quality, physical quality, professional quality, policing skills improved. The fourth is to adhere to the - 99 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 preferential treatment from the police, the warm pool police. According to thRequirements, and actively do a good job of personnel management work, to run within the scope of the policy, help the police solve the practical difficulties, the police systemic heart into work. The fifth is strengthening propaganda, promote righteousness. Around the center of the public security work, actively do a good job in the publicity, fully display the spirit of good public security team. Six is to fulfill the responsibility of Party building, do a good job of education and management of Party member team. Sound and perfect "three class", Party of democratic appraisal, commendation and reward system, effectively enhance the branch of the creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity. Shortcomings: is ideological and political work still can not adapt to the new situation, new task, in the form of a single, innovation is not enough, lack of learning education of the appeal and study the effect of education needs to be improved, the political department to strengthen the guidance to the grass-roots units. The second is the branch of organizational life will implement the is not good enough to play an exemplary role. Traffic Police Brigade Party branch - 100 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 System of good practice: one is grasping the implementation of the work of Party building system, enhanced branch team cohesion, combat force. The brigade Party branch always pay close attention to the work of Party building and would not let go, conscientiously perform their duties, strict implementation of democratic life etc., to develop the branch of learning plan, all equipped with learning record the experience and experience the and organize regular inspection learning, ensures that the learning plan, implement, effect. Second is to carry out the "strict three real special education. The development of special education learning scheme, held a party branch focus on learning and the level of consultation forum, deputy director in charge of, brigade leader for the party members and the police on the lectures, deployed to carry out Ban Zicheng throughout the Yan Zhenchang Yang Shuicai to relive the oath to join the party, visit the memorial hall, learning advanced characters, micro lectures attention and learning characteristics of the activities, and to develop measures for rectification. Three is to pay attention to the party building work into the public security work. The brigade Party branch and always will be the work of Party building in 9.3 security, national civilized city re examination, the SCO security meeting, the focus of illegal investigation, "sword", "anti terrorist violence, to ensure safety", "five wave", "camp turn non bus", "detoxification", the focus of the work, in a timely manner to carry out the pre war mobilization, wartime dynamically judged, the - 101 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 post-war award in recognition of a series of measures Members always fighting in the first line of traffic management, all traffic police has always maintained a high state of mind, a strong impetus to the work carried out. Shortcomings: first, there is a "hand hard and soft" phenomenon. Of work of Party building under the new situation is not enough emphasis, focus on light business building, re form light effects. The second is measures are not enough effective. In particular, catch a party to build working innovation consciousness is not strong, measures and methods used in the experience of the old, old practices and effectiveness needs to be further strengthened. The third is three lesson "not very good insist, life of the party organization to carry out less often. Zhao police station Party branch Good practice: one is to strengthen the study and education. To "strict three real special education as an opportunity to take leadership lectures, seminars, individual learning, exchange of experience in various forms, the police organization learning leaders at all levels of the spirit of the important speech, < > in the constitution as well as the side of corruption cases and asked party members and the police carefully recorded study notes, writing experiences, join and pay attention to the micro lectures, - 102 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 according to the control requirements of inspection, enhance their own, to ensure that the learning effect. The second is to strengthen the leadership responsibility. Party branch secretary as the first responsibility of honest government, earnestly implement the" four person ", and insisted on the" important work personally Department Department, major issues personally intervene, personally key aspects of coordination, supervision of important cases personally ", Party branch members always strict demands on themselves, play an exemplary role model. Third, strengthen the service for the people. Every act of the masses for the warm reception, carefully recorded masses anti reflect each a problem, and make the resistancee bureau Party committeeHeart to answer, and constantly improve the quality of service. Combined with the "one village, one police work, police organization carefully touch row all may affect the stability of the unstable factors, resolve conflicts and disputes, and arrange for the police with daily visits, issued security leaflets, collecting sites, personnel information, promote the harmony police. Existing problems: a party branch team party affairs knowledge is not rich enough, on some of the procedural provisions are not familiar with, in a certain extent restricted the work carried out. The second is regular ideological education is not deep enough, the ideological trends of the police command is not timely and accurate. Third, there is a need to - 103 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 improve the management level of refinement, police standardization awareness is not strong enough, daily habit is not quite self-conscious. Since this year, bureau unit Party branch to "strict three real special education as the main line, to the service center, troop construction as the focus, adhere to the combination of ideological building of the party and the system of the party, solid to carry out the comprehensive strictly required, to further standardize the construction of the party organization, continuously improving the quality of Party members and police, continue to strengthen the party building innovation, service building execution significantly improved, has made remarkable achievements. Meeting debriefing of 3 units in the work of Party building problems in other units are also different degrees of existence to other units by the party building debriefing, draw on the experience of face the problem, replicability, careful analysis of rectification, promote the sustained and healthy development of the work of Party building units. Below, to further strengthen the county public security organs party building work stressed the views of five points. One, improve the ideological understanding, enhance the sense of - 104 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 political responsibility and historical mission Follow the basic construction of the party's eighteen years, Xi Jinping, general secretary: the series of important speech to the party put forward many new ideas, new judgment, the new requirements is to promote grass-roots party building work. We should thoroughly study and understand, and consciously assume responsibility. One is to grasp the party building "three questions" of the new requirements. Xi, general secretary of the party's mass line education practice summary of the General Assembly on the proposed the construction of "three questions, namely:" is not the party committees at all levels and the departments of Party committees (party) to achieve the sedulous catch a party to build is not at all levels of Party committee secretary, the Department of the party committees (party) secretary become strictly administering the party secretary? Is not at all levels and all departments of the party Forced the construction of Party committees (party) members to fulfill the responsibilities strictly responsibility? "General Secretary of the party building" three questions ", directed at the crucial point, enlightening, three mirror placed in front of everyone, let you according to a photo, see a look, want to think about the conscious of it, is the three pieces of papers placed in front of us, it is clear to judge ourselves whether in to do their duty. Building" three questions ", urge people to watch, thought-provoking, and - 105 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 convey a strong responsibility to ask signal. The second is to understand the building" three no "new judgment. Xi, general secretary of the party's mass line education practice summary congress pointed out that" history and reality Are accounted for in the police forces of discipline, do not do, is to stop the event tells us, not a clear responsibility to implement the responsibility, accountability, and strictly administering the party is not to ". General Secretary of the" three no ", a clear responsibility to implement the responsibility, accountability, and point out the key. The county public security organs is a team of the Communist Party as the main body, Party members and the vast majority of bureau of belonging to different units of the leadership cadres and backbone of the party members, the power and responsibility are relatively concentrated in the party's construction, must be clear responsibilities, the implementation of responsibility, accountability, or catch a party to build is an empty word. Three is to clear the" three grasping "new initiatives. The total learning book Remember that catch a party to build must grasp the responsibility system, grasping accountability must grab the responsibility person, grasping the responsibility must catch the first responsible person. Why should we let the Bureau unit Party branch secretary of the debriefing is to implement general secretary put forward "3 catch". To seize the party organization's primary responsibility, seize the key issue. - 106 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 Two, the full implementation of the task of ideological construction, the theory of armed tasks implementedGeneral Secretary Xi Jinping in the mass line of educational practice summary congress put forward in the new period party building thought of tasks and requirements, to strengthen the construction of the Party pointed out the direction and path. One is to strengthen theoretical study. The urgent task is to fully understand the study and implement the spirit of the fifth plenary session of the eighth session of the significance of, the organization of Party members and the police through the focus on learning, self-study and special counseling and other forms of serious in-depth learning, adhere to the first step in learning, deep layer, accurately grasp the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and do the thinking and learning gains, use it. The second is to strengthen the party spirit temperance. Adhere to the school party constitution. Through the center of the group learning. Secretary of the party organization about lectures and other forms of learning the party constitution, enlightenment spirit, guide Bureau unit Party branch and all members of the police to firmly establish the consciousness of the party. Persist in learning advanced. Vigorously carry forward the spirit of Jiao Yulu, Yang Shuicai spirit, seriously study the advanced deeds of Comrade Yan Zhenchang, deep fine shine Dusing the police party guided, to strengthen public opinion and public servant consciousness, consciously practice the "strict three real. The third is to - 107 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 strengthen the party and Party discipline education. For the ideological construction of the party faces new tasks, new requirements, the emergence of many new problems, new situations, and actively take the initiative to adapt to the constantly emancipate the mind, innovative ways, making use of the Internet, micro channel, micro Bo new platform for new, enrich the content of education, improve education forms, the constant reminder education, enhance the police Party discipline in awe, guide Party members and the police do political understanding discipline about the rules of the leaders. The fourth is to strengthen the ideological and moral education. Guide the party police exemplary practice the socialist core values, cultivate good political and moral character, professional ethics, family virtue and morality, forming a strong atmosphere of moral construction. Pay attention to strengthen the positive guidance to the police party ideology, adhere to the diversification of the social ideology guided by the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving and perfecting the Party members and the police thought The dynamic analysis of mechanism, providing an ideological guarantee for the purity and firmness of team members. Three, fully implement the strict requirements, the management and administration of the party's responsibility to implement - 108 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that to implement strictly the responsibility, do a good job of Party building as the biggest achievement. Therefore, in my bureau implement comprehensive strictly required must be the party tube responsible party implemented. First, to further implement the responsibility system in Party building. To establish and improve the party building responsibility assessment mechanism, at the beginning of the year to progressively signing party builds working target responsibility book. Party organizations at all levels is mainly responsible for comrades to do a good job of Party building as the greatest achievements, adhere to the development wholeheartedly for, to concentrate its attention on the construction of the party, the party building work is included in the agenda, and business to work with the deployment, with checks, with the implementation of, true to form Party grasping, Secretary to take the lead in efforts, in charge of the leadership Specific catch, catch a, layers of implementation pattern of Party building work. Is to improve the reporting and appraising system. In accordance with the "debriefing the party building, the appraisal rating of Party building, Party building assessment test, use of cadres at request of the party", CF county Party debriefing practice, and constantly improve the annual party built debriefing appraisal system, in particular, to the year debriefing appraisal evaluation and annual comprehensive examination closely together, the party builds the job evaluation results into the leading bodies and leading - 109 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 cadres of the annual comprehensive assessment system, strengthen the use of dynamic management and results of debriefing appraisal work, further enhance the debriefing appraisal of scientific, effective and directive The new integration business. Three is to improve the "three class" system. "Three class" system is to improve the party's organizational life, strict party member education management system, we must do a good job in the implementation and long-term persistence. According to "the party secretary of the organization lectures", "party members and cadres micro lectures and Thematic Party Day activities, innovation" three class "form, rich" three class "content, pay attention to the work of Party building with the public security work, the formation of" the same resonance frequency, the linkage of communion "party organization life situation. At the same time, the" three class "system implementation of join or be admitted to the party organization committee debriefing appraisal of important content, strict grasp the" three class "system Real. Four, strict political discipline and political rules. Guide all Party members and the police in ideological political action always as the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping highly consistent, involved in major political principle, political stand, political views and other issues, we must be sober, stand firm. Guide the members of the civilian police to strengthen the sense of - 110 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 organization, determined to do the individual is subordinate to the organization, the minority is subordinate to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, and the whole party to the Central Committee. Some time ago, I held a party enlarged meeting, focus on adherence to the party's political discipline and political rules of thematic theory study, I at the meeting for the feelings to speak. I understand, party a concept of organization, can not see Party, touch not. According to the materialistic point of view, the material determines consciousness, existence determines consciousness, consciousness is the objective things in the brain to reflect, then, how to prove that the party's existence? Like the current, can not, can not be touched, but through the wire carrier, connect power supply, the electric light, the motor is running, it is proved that the current existence. Similarly, the party is by living every Party member, every Party member, speech and action of the carrier, reflecting party. Party is a whole, in order to normal operation, each party members according to their personality characteristics. Academic knowledge, professional knowledge, hobbies, physical condition, age, work experience, work experience and other comprehensive evaluation, main task of the division of labor and in jointly do a good job in party work, is mainly responsible for the Division I business, then in my division of work, in the Party committee collective discussion by, decision, foreign, on every level of members can to bureau of the party in the name and identity delivered a speech, the organization of - 111 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 work. In specific work, in the higher Party committees have clear provisions of the spirit, in accordance with the spirit of the documents of ranking Party committee, combined with my work of the division of labor, on behalf of the bureau Party committee put forward their views and suggestions. Since Party members according to the higher Party committees to the spirit of the document can be Bureau on behalf of the party organization of work, then the behavior has party authority and seriousness, we should respect them and be with, give support, cannot according to personal preferences, personal understanding and awareness, regardless of the occasion, in broad daylight, in meetings, especially in the lower front of, guilty of liberalism, published the higher Party committees have been expressly prohibited speech, also cannot euphemistically called the personal point of view; regardless of party image and personal image, irresponsible, gossip, just open the river, grumble, grumble about; even, sarcastic ridicule, sarcasm, oblique accusations, make people Hold the most stringent start speech, personal attacks, vent personal grudge; more even, with ulterior motives, ulterior motives; fan Yin breeze, will-o '- the wisp, deliberately and party dissension and discord, rumors spread, the spread of division, and the party and the people, the hearts of the people, the decline of morale. This kind of behavior is the party's discipline are not allowed, from my start, from the members of the Party committee member, once, who despite the party discipline, drunk, behind, the key moment, in - 112 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 violation of the party's political discipline, political rules and wait for the party discipline. We must strictly comply with the implementation of the central and superior party committee has clearly defined, does not allow bargaining, unconditional obedience, unconditional , does not allow a discount, or disguised discount. In addition. We want to strictly enforce the system of democratic life of the party, Party of democratic life, it is necessary to carry out criticism and self-criticism, is between the members of the Party committee of the mutual criticism, remind each other, will not do not speak, gossiping afterwards. Guide Party members and the police strictly request reporting system, regularly party members to execute the political discipline of political rules situation analysis judged and thematic summary, constantly enhance political of the political life of the party, the principle and militancy. Five, comprehensively improve the scientific level of Party building, the task of the party building To enhance the scientific level of the construction of the party is our party according to the worldly affairs, national and the new changes and new challenges of the party put forward the major issue is effective to deal with the four test ", resolve the pressing requirement of" four big risk "is the only way to maintain and develop the party's advanced natuStep is to - 113 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 strengthen the party's cohesion, attraction and the fighting power of the inevitable choice. Under the new situation, it is necessary to apply the law of the ruling party construction of Marxism, according to the basic requirements of maintaining the party's advanced nature, continue to study new situations, solve new problems, sum up new experience, make the party building in scientific orbit continues to advance. One to focus, efforts to lay a solid foundation. Continue to carry out the "two hit" activities, accurately grasp strictly required new rules and characteristics of the work of Party building under, deepening grass-roots increase of basic party organization and Party member quality upgrade plan. Continue to carry out the window units vanguard party post, window model building activities, and continuously Enhance the party members and the police involved in activities to create enthusiasm. Increase of Party organizations and Party members advanced typical advocacy training efforts to become a "sign", "evergreen tree". To broaden the party serving the masses channels, construction of Party members contacting and serving the masses work system, make the Party member to become truly keep in mind the purpose, advanced elements of the heart of the masses. Establish and improve incentives within the party, care, helping mechanism, we do care and love grassroots cadres, old party members, difficult life member. In order to promote the party construction services, continue to carry out "party members and counterpart assistance" live and on-the-job Party member - 114 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 volunteer service activities. Second, we must strengthen management, efforts to enhance the party members Quality, and conscientiously implement < the Communist Party of China the development of Party Work Rules >, adhere to strict standards, rigorous training, strict procedures, strict regulation and control, and continuously improve the quality of Party members, optimize the structure of Party member team. Strengthening of different kinds of police, the classified management of Party members in different positions, through the implementation of target management of Party members, record management, star rating etc. ways to strengthen the education of Party members, management and service work. Adhere to the mass appraisal, solid and effective to carry out members of the public commitment, no post party post duty activities, give full play to the role of Party members. Actively introduce the Internet +, by means of information to strengthen the education and management of the party members and make full use of "Xuchang male Ann party building network "," peace of Xuchang, Communist Party members, Liancheng micro lectures and other network platform to strengthen the education and training of Party members. Three to strict requirements, efforts to improve the party's style of work. To build a first-class units, to create a first-class team, cultivate first-class style, create first-class performance as the goal, combined with learning from the advanced models, and effectively solve the police party in the party spirit, moral character, style and ability - 115 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 existing prominent problems; adhere to the lead austerity, oppose extravagance and waste, and oppose formalism, bureaucratism and seriously practice the "strict three real, establish a good style of work; earnestly implement the" eight insist, eight against ", advocate diligence Excited to learn and apply what they have learned, the heart of the masses, serve the people, grab get right on the job really, and to ensure the effectiveness of, hard work, thrift, the overall situation, curried, develop democracy, solidarity work, impartially and with the right of honesty in politics, life is decent, healthy interest in eight aspects of good atmosphere, promote the county public security organs party political construction has made new achievements. Fourth, it is necessary to produce battle fort effect. Party organizations at all levels to grasp the practical to the center of the public security work service key links, adhere to the completion of difficult and perilous task as the main battlefield of the work of Party building, the more encountered serious incidents, major rescue mission, a major security tasks, the more you want to play the party organization The role of core, and earnestly do a good job before the war mobilization, wartime motivation, war veteran and so, truly party members and cadres to fight to where, the life of the party organization will extend to where, the role of fighting bastion of the party organizations play where, reflecting the party building work to promote and protect the power. - 116 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 Comrades, in the circumstances to promote comprehensive strictly new situation, the Party Central Committee and the Party committee of a higher level of the construction of the party proposed the new, higher requirements, the work of Party building task is arduous, the glorious mission, rare opportunity. Let us to the debriefing meeting as a starting point, in the Bureau of the party's correct leadership, conscientiously study and implement the series of important speech of General Secretary Xi Jinping, spirit and the party's spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth, thoroughly implement the comprehensive strictly required, continue to carry forward the party's fine tradition, hearten spirit, do solid work, the enterprising spirit, selfless dedication, to continue to create the county public security organs of Party building work in the new situation, to maintain social stability to ensure Successful completion of the task,re, also is aPromote public security undertakings flourish, for the construction of a beautiful and happy Xuchang county to make new and greater contributions! Carry out the party building debriefing appraisal work, implement the central and provincial Party committee, the municipal Party committee and comprehensively promote the strictly deployment requirements, implement strictly the responsibility, tamp the foundation of Party Construction of major initiatives. Public security organs as the party's - 117 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 absolute under the leadership of the democratic dictatorship force, as the party and the people in the hands of the "hilt" must to strengthen the work of Party building and walk in the forefront, and make an example. From just four of the Secretary of the party organization debriefing situation, the party organization of debriefing of Party building and ideological work attaches great importance to prepare more fully, in the debriefing process, say achievements do not exaggerate, speak the problem does not cover, emphasize not vanity about rectification, truly realistic. Offer as Political Bureau Director comments, targeted strong, closely with the practical assessment highlights outstanding characteristics, ask clear, point out of the results, points out the problems and points out the pressure. This is not only a debriefing meeting and Party building the responsibility to implement, today the debriefing, to do a good job of new period party building work will play a very good role in promoting. Next, according to the city bureau Party Committee on Party building work on the arrangements, Bai chief commissioned by combining city Bureau of Party building work of new requirements, borrow this opportunity to revisit four points. To improve the ideological understanding, enhance the sense of responsibility and historic mission, the party's eighteen years, Xi Jinping, general secretary Follow the construction of a series of important speech to the party put forward many new ideas, new conclusions and new requirements, the grass-roots party building work. We should thoroughly - 118 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 study and understand, and consciously assume responsibility. One is to grasp the party building "three questions" of the new requirements. Xi, general secretary of the last 10 August, the party's mass line education practice summary of the General Assembly on the proposed the construction of "three questions". That is: "is not the party committees at all levels and the departments of Party committees (party) to achieve the sedulous catch a party to build is not at all levels of Party committee secretary, the departments of Party committees (party) secretary become strictly administering the party secretary? Is not at all levels and all departments of Party committees (party) Forced members to fulfill the responsibilities strictly responsibility? "General Secretary of the party building" three questions ", directed at the crucial point, enlightening, three mirror placed in front of everyone, let you according to a photo, see a look, want to think the self-knowledge; is the three pieces of papers placed in front of us, it is clear to judge ourselves whether the party's construction to do their duty. Building" three questions ", urge people to watch, thought-provoking, and convey a strong responsibility to ask signal. The second is to understand the building" three no "new judgment. Xi, general secretary of the party's mass line education practice summary congress pointed out that" history and reality, especially the Are substantially more than 80% of the discipline to move tells us, clear responsibility, fulfil responsibility, accountability, and strictly administering the party is not to ". - 119 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 General Secretary of the" three no ", clear responsibility, fulfil responsibility, accountability, and point out the key. The city public security organs is a member of Communist Party as the main body of troops and members accounted for total number of civilian police, the Bureau of belonging to various departments of leading cadres and backbone of the party members, the power and responsibility are relatively concentrated in the party's construction, must be clear responsibilities, the implementation of responsibility, accountability, or catch of Party construction is empty. Three is to clear the" three grasping "new initiatives. Xi, general secretary of the strong , catch a party to build must grasp the responsibility system, grasping accountability must catch responsibility, grasping the responsibility must catch the first responsible person. Why should we let Jushu unit party secretary to the party organization at the next higher level debriefing is to implement general secretary put forward "3 catch". To seize the party organization is mainly responsible person, seize the key problem. Second, it is necessary to improve the work of Party building system, the system construction is to strengthen the party building work of public security is an important guarantee. To through the scientific development of the system, improve the system, execution system and make the system become a hard bound, continue to promote the public security work of Party building standardization. One is to further implement the responsibility of Party BuilSystem. It is necessary to - 120 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 establish and improve Party building responsibility assessment mechanism, at the beginning of the year to progressively signing party builds working target responsibility book. Party organizations at all levels is mainly responsible for comrades to do a good job of Party building as the greatest achievements, adhere to the development wholeheartedly for, to concentrate its attention on the construction of the party, the party building work is included in the important process, and business to work with the deployment, with checks, with the implementation of, true to form Party grasping, Secretary to take the lead in efforts, leaders in charge of specific grab, grab a level, layers of implementation pattern of Party building work. The second is improve the debriefing appraisal system. In accordance with the "debriefing the party building, the appraisal rating of Party building, Party building assessment test, the use of cadres at request of the party", the Secretary of the party debriefing contrast do Law, and constantly improve the annual party debriefing appraisal system, especially to the annual debriefing appraisal evaluation and annual comprehensive examination closely together, the party builds the job evaluation results into the leading bodies and leading cadres of the annual comprehensive assessment system, strengthen the use of dynamic management and results of debriefing appraisal work, further enhance the debriefing appraisal of scientific, effective and oriented. Third, improve the "three will be a lesson system." three class system is to improve the life of the party organization, - 121 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 strict management of Party member education system must do a good job in the implementation, insist for a long time. According to the "Secretary of the party organization lectures", "Party cadres Implementation of integrating micro lectures and theme day activities, innovation "three class" form, rich "three class" content, pay attention to the work of Party building with the public security work, the formation of "the same resonance frequency, the linkage of communion" party organization life new situation. At the same time, the "three class" of the implementation of join or be admitted to the party secretary of the organization debriefing appraisal of the important content, strict grasp the "three class" system. To strengthen the education of Party members, improve Party member of party spirit idea and political consciousness. Xi General Secretary profoundly pointed out: "firm ideal and faith are the legal team of political soul must be the ideal and belief education in political and legal team construction of the first , constantly playing firmly hold high the banner, command of the party, loyalty to the mission of the ideological foundation. "The city's public security organs is a with Communist Party members for the disciplined subject, Party members accounted for more than 80% of the total number of civilian police, bureau of belonging to different departments of leading cadres and backbone basically is a party member, do a good job in the construction of Party member team, will seize the fundamental construction of public security team. We must seize the - 122 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 political construction of the police as the core, adhere to the party for public security work absolute leadership this fundamental principle, put the ideal and belief of party spirit education in a more prominent position, to ensure that the Party member troop absolute loyalty, absolutely pure, absolutely reliable. To adhere to the theory of armed, serious organization And adherence to the in-depth study of the majority of Party members and the party's basic theory, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the series of important speech spirit, education of Party members and the party's political discipline and political rules, and consciously in accordance with the party constitution and party political life standards to regulate their own words and deeds, so that discipline, rules, listen to say hello, do in the party party, the party worry about the party, the party for the party, the party retaining the party, and always in the ideological and political action and to Xi Jinping as general secretary of the Central Committee of the party remain highly consistent, consciously do the party's loyal guards of the masses of the people caring people. To build a strong base layer organization, strengthen grass-roots party organization's cohesive force and fighting force. To strengthen the basic level party organization construction Is the key to the target is doing a good job of Party building work of the important basis and guarantee. To optimize the organizational settings. In accordance with the ease of Party members to participate in activities for Party organizations play a role in principle, - 123 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 reasonable norms of the party organization, Party organizations at the grassroots level full coverage, to ensure that each party members into the party organization in Party activities, organization and management, the organization of care, to accept the supervision of the organization, and actively play a role. Second, we must pay close attention to the team construction. Catch team, with the team party building is an important content and basic level party organization team with members shall complete, clear division of labor, responsibility implementation, implementation of post management. With a good team with a strong Party Secretary , to effectively strengthen the Secretary of the party organization is the Party of person of the first responsibility, sense of responsibility, the responsibility system to prevent "party construction task of Party building, Party building work and business two skins" phenomenon. Third, we need to play good battle fort action. Party organizations at all levels to effectively seize as a key link in the center of the public security work service, adhere to thedingTo the completion of difficult and perilous task as the main battlefield of the work of Party building and the encounter major emergencies and major rescue mission, a major security tasks, the more you want to play the core role of Party organizations, and earnestly do a good job in the pre war mobilization, wartime motivation, postwar entitled work truly where the battle of Party members and cadres, the party's organizational life extended to where, the role of fighting bastion of the - 124 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 party organizations play where, reflecting the party building work to promote and protect the power. Comrades, in the circumstances to promote comprehensive strictly new situation, do a good job of public security Party Building work as the task is arduous and glorious mission, hope everyone to firmly establish "a game of chess," thought, put down Real strictly required as the new normal organ of the party's construction, further emancipate the mind, ningxinjuli, do solid work, to maintain social stability, promote social fairness and justice, protect the people live and work, to make new and greater contributions. The accident scene of the accident treatment of XX XX, April 7 to April 11, according to traffic police detachment and the traffic police brigade of the arrangement, I had the honor to participate in the Ministry of Public Security Research Institute held high-end training class, by 5 days of training and learning, I have a deep feeling, learning a lot of new knowledge and to deal with the accident of skills, to learn and work are of great help, we will experience is summed up as follows: first, study the new knowledge, to expand the field of vision. In the research the teacher to explain, we review the < road traffic accident scene drawing >, and emphatically studied at the scene of the real record drawing standards, the graph can reflect the state and each element Full coverage regardless of size, position, give a person to live a more intuitive understanding of the - 125 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 next step accident treatment has a great help. At the same time, I have seen some new accident investigation equipment, such as a new generation of traffic accident scene drawing system, through training, the police can very fast rendering standard site map, data measurement, and in accordance with the Ministry of public security of the standard, and the UAV, the application of UAV camera or camera, from the fundamental solution overview accident photos. Second, on the scene photography basic requirements and accident photographic difference. The scene photography scene is the most objective real reaction. But photographs of the scene taken to ensure objective, comprehensive, timely and clear requirements, this scene photos to assurance its legal effect; the scene photography has also undergone a change by the original photography of orientation and overview of photography, Photo Center, breakdown of the photo, change for range photography, photographic overview, local camera, film element, photography of minutia, than photography, so to photographic content more refined, more specific, the as evidence of a more targeted, more accurate., on site survey extracted traces and field exploration process traces are extracted by the problems and errors. Trace on the scene of the discovery and extraction as a matter of So the scene investigation is an important part of the process, on the analysis of the cause of the accident and the accident are very important role, through the teacher's explanation and analysis them as an expert, from the perspective - 126 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 of identification of traces of the scene points extraction and pointed out the direction for under our own exploration site to extract traces, at the same time, through the teacher's explanation, accidents will produce certain traces, which requires us in the scene of the accident investigation of careful, and not missing any useful to our trace on the scene. On advanced equipment of traffic accident identification, genetic analysis of the role of. I feel the deepest is now home Car safety air bag with something called the airbag module. This is known as "black box" car equipment, has a record of when the speed, whether to take braking, take a few braking and other data, recording, has a very large role for analyzing the cause of the incident, next serious accidents must pay attention to extract such equipment; and escape accidents are common in the general video surveillance on the blurred image, wLicense plate number; shellac, fiber identification, etc. with advanced equipment can make the identification, with the advanced equipment, technical backing, feeling the impartial handling of the each accident and escape detection accident confidence. On the scene of the accident protection. The teacher from three aspects to explain the road traffic accident and law enforcement duty site safety protection: 1, from the level of laws and regulations, Ministry of public security, proceeding from the actual conditions promulgated on the rules and regulations to strictly enforced, which requires each of us a police starting from their own point of view, for their own safety, must not omit any link, don't be afraid of - 127 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 trouble, this is Lists are not qualified for you alone are responsible for the unit is responsible for the family is responsible for; 2. Strengthen on-site protection facilities of the configuration and use, the first to buy and configuration of safety protection equipment, if equipment, but also about what door? Then is another question, equipment, how to use, the teacher of Tianjin accident lesson, because a lot of equipment, is not put into use, resulting in our police due to the lack of timely reminder of the accident, causing us to a number of police casualties; 3, the device is put into use, but also strengthen individual protection skills and teamwork training. In a word, We want to use qualified equipment and abide by laws and regulations, strengthen training of personal skills and teamwork and ensure its own security in the field staff. Through the study of five days of training, an increase of knowledge, learning the something new, strengthen the unit and brother of business flow, also found their own shortcomings, the next step I want to share of Wuxi advanced concepts and colleagues, common learning and common progress, makes the traffic police brigade accident treatment work more on the floor! In recent years, XX city always adhere to a hand grasping the building, a hand grasp the management, and actively explore new mode of Biogas Service, strive to innovate new mechanism for ecological compensation, pay attention to enhance the image of the new energy team, cohesion to - 128 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 create a new bright spot of circular agriculture, biogas in scientific management, comprehensive utilization and achieved certain results. First, the cultivation of new business entities, to explore new mode of follow-up services XX city has been built biogas 11 million households, biogas digesters is "treasure pool, biogas replaced the coal and firewood, become a clean, economic life energy, biogas pool instead of the old cesspool, become to improve the sanitary conditions of important possessions. With the maintenance quantity is increasing year by year, firedamp follow-up service into the long-standing problem. To do a good job of Biogas Service, polish up the brand of "XX model and we guide biogas mechanic established biogas cooperation, energy service companies, such as the model of market main body. Through market service, breakthrough in the past by the government construction, maintenance, a pack in the end of the narrow concept, establish the" who benefits, who management "the correct concept. The main body of the new take innovative service mode, expand service content and other measures, developing biogas service, centralized gas supply pipeline construction and gas charging operation and other aspects of comprehensive - 129 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 management. It not only solves the problem of farm household biogas, and change the follow-up services, but also increases the income of service team. The cultivation of new subjects, to consolidate and improve the service system, the effective establishment of a long-term mechanism of biogas services, to achieve the standardization of the follow-up services, intensive and professional. Two, the introduction of international carbon trading, innovative new mechanism for ecological compensation XX City Xiang Bai Guo centripetal rich is an ordinary farmers biogas, biogas his home with very good results, he is carbon fund project of farmers, this year, the winner of the Netherlands government to pay him thehich can identifyInspired by the introduction of $23, he used this carbon trading income to buy a new gas stove. This is XX household biogas clean development mechanism project is the United Nations first successfully registered household biogas carbon fund project. The project of 4330 household biogas pool, each year to reduce carbon emissions in 7298 tons, carbon emissions trading income of 10 million US dollars, equivalent to RMB 65 million yuan, carbon trading income subsidies to build pool farmer for biogas digesters follow-up maintenance provides ongoing capital investment in carbon fund project, XX City, the implementation of - 130 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 the "gas rewards" project, "whether the normal ignition, gas pressure size, pig herds head number Indicators will biogas digester using effect is good, medium and poor to refine the management and posting the use of farm household biogas, biogas use good farmers reward. Ecological compensation project implementation, increase the income of farmers, mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, increase rate of the use of biogas, at this stage for the implementation of the voluntary emission reduction projects to provide a reference. Three, establish an advanced service model, highlighting the new image of the energy team Repeatedly since the technology of biogas digesters "third built seven in charge, not good will be" a year, two years, three years four years keep frogs. To catch the follow-up service, to catch the team XX City in strengthening the team building process, the emergence of a number of service models and technical experts. Dragon and Phoenix Town Agricultural Service Center of Yuan Liang, is a typical representative. He from 2005 years engaged in gas, ten years as one day, always keep the people of noble sentiment, conscientiously perform their duties conscientiously serve the masses. His advanced deeds of people's daily, the farmer daily, Hubei Daily and other media reported that 2015 was named - 131 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 the provincial labor Model, by the Deputy Secretary of the provincial Party committee Zhang Changer as the new era of Shi Chuanxiang, Yuan Liang with his dedication to the cause of the gas, won the majority of people good reputation. Vigorously promote the typical deeds, strengthen the play. Incentive motivation, the city "for everyone to learn advanced, all vying for the advanced, everyone catch up with and surpass the advanced" has become so rampant, the team has the typical, post a pacesetter, set up the city's rural energy team for the good image of the civil service. Four, to promote the development of circular agriculture, build a comprehensive utilization of a new bright spot Table, an important role in the profound understanding of the ecological "XX" from the ecological agriculture, XX city to biogas development of ecological agriculture, always adhere to the construction of biogas energy line overall circulation agriculture demonstration, in accordance with the "gas into people's homes, free installation, according to the charges, comprehensive utilization" principle, vigorously carry out the centralized gas supply, recycling for the purpose of biogas engineering construction. One is to carry out multi demonstration. The dragon and - 132 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 Phoenix Town, Tun Xiang Bai Guo Xiang, the construction of the biogas engineering as a link to the "pig - biogas - vegetable", "pig - biogas - tea", "pig - biogas - fruit" cycle of agricultural demonstration base, through a variety of experiments and demonstrations, summarize test result And promotion of demonstration experience. The second is to enhance the quality. The city in biogas production and utilization, research and development of "high yield biogas fermentation device and selenium enriched biogas fertilizer production method" is State Intellectual Property Office of the grant of the patent right, to enhance the level of technology of the city of Biogas fertilizer use. The third is to expand the use of the area. According to local conditions, due to implement the strategy, the follow-up services of biogas and biogas comprehensive utilization of organic combination, to solve the "planting no biogas pool", "biogas pool or not in the labor force", practical problems such as "labor without cultivation", let biogas fertilizer was in circulation and utilization. The next step, XX city will in accordance with the provincial, state energy deployment, and further increase the efforts to the construction of biogas project, to accelerate rural biogas to the scale of development, comprehensive utilization and scientific management in the direction of transformation and upgrading, promote the sustainable development of biogas in rural areas. - 133 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 In recent years, under the support and guidance of the provincial rural energy office, the county completed a total of household biogas pool nearly 7 million households, large-scale biogas project 4, small and medium-sized biogas project in 141, rural service outlets 211, subsidies for solar water heater 2340, biomass stove 2300 units, for the development of green agriculture, improve the people's quality of life play great role. In particular, we succeed in biogas purification, high value utilization based on, to further expand the scale, to open up the market, standardized management, to promote the transformation and upgrading of rural biogas project made some active exploration. Our approach to report as follows: One, scale development, play the economic and social benefits of high quality of methane utilization Biogas high-quality exploit inspired new rural of our country's energy market, for installation of gas pipeline engineering of new rural residential demand. Since last year the province's rural biogas high quality using after the spot, we based on the basis, to expand the scale, an ample supply of gas source, to ensure that farmers with adequate quality of bio gas. One is to expand the size of the original base. Last year held a spot of Qianfeng county and in the province of rural energy office, county - 134 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 government support, in the original 30 acres of the project on the basis of, to ratify the new 10 acres of land, according to large scale biogas centralized gas supply engineering construction requirements, invest 100 million yuan to build a 3000m3 volume of anaerobic fermentation tank, the implementation of technical innovation, using carbon steel output pipeline, building to gas 10000m3 above the new holder, and complete the related projects, assurance that have been developed to farmers with the supply of gas, 2016 Spring Festival peak gas during. There have been no interruption in supply, the user of ten Satisfaction. Second is to actively open up new bases. This year, we through the comprehensive deployment of the county government, related to the integration of sector funds, in Pu Zhen Zhang Zhuang Songlin farm, the port town of gold farming cooperatives, plans to build two 2000m3 volume fermentor, copy forward mode, solve environmental pollution, fruit trees fertilizer, life problems with gas. We will also under the support of relevant departments, the forward mode is launched county public security, with conditions in other counties, willingness of biogas engineering base, to assist in the construction of gas compression purification equipment and production and marketing integration mode. At present, Qianfeng company has been declared a biogas purification, compression and canning 10 a number of utility Technology patents, 2 invention patents, has - 135 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 applied for a registered trademark of the striker, and with the equipment manufacturers to improve the equipment stereotypes and production and business license related work. File, identity to access to a wide range of measures to implement a decentralized, and third, we will steadily develop the market, we forward the company together to form a team, the public security county, Nanping, lotus pond gate three town residential area development, joint concentrated propaganda, further mobilize and organize farmers to base inspection, to the user, enhance the perceptual knowledge, so that the majority of users of biomass gas from ignorance, doubt, and the safe, convenient, economical and practical advantages of convinced, blown away. At the same time, begin to rural area market development, Meng Zhen Jin Gang Cun Zha Kou Zhen De Yi Village pilot, the biomass gas supply farmers, let old people's lives improve grades. Popular support, this year, has added 2382 users. In the commercial sector, has also developed more than 10 food and beverage industry users, the amount of gas is equivalent to 500 civilian gas consumption. Two, make an inventory of the stock, to play the role of high quality of the use of Biogas - 136 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 Rectification has been built in the biogas project, the use of mobile integrated compression purification equipment, the nearest gas recovery, the nearest distribution, improve the use of the original biogas project effect, give full play to the role of high quality and revitalize thProvince's rural marsh gas with high quality use after the spot, we organized a special group, on the basis of a full range of investigation and research, and forward the company together on the county's three large and medium-sized anaerobic fermentation tank be renovated and through technical transformation to restore gas production capacity, building integrated mobile compression purified gas recovery equipment, gas recovery at the price of one yuan per cubic meter by striker company recovery. Both sides have certain economic benefits, not only start the utilization of waste fermentation tank, but also saves the cost of new fermentation tank, achieve a win-win results. Transformation of concentrated residential above at the same time, we also the county nearly 20 100m3 volume fermentation tank, technological transformation, the use of forward the company's equipment, so that to make full use of the conditions are ripe for the District, we use small equipment for purification of direct supply, the use of the user directly with clean and high quality raw material gas, deeply welcome. For example, we in Zhang Tian Si Zhen Chang Chun Cun residential area gas investment - 137 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 less than 20 million yuan, to more than 100 users for the natural gas. Through the entire old buildings and building new, one or two years to cover the whole county, and truly let the rural biogas upgrading work implemented, resulting in greater social benefits and economic benefits. Three, comprehensive utilization, to play the key role of biogas project to boost green agriculture Consumptive striker in my county is planting, livestock and poultry, aquatic County, according to statistics, the county pig herds 57 million head, poultry kept caged 9.7 million, large-scale farms and farming district more than 1000, animal manure and sewage emissions 20 million tons, aquaculture and environmental protection pressure. In the county government's support, we have more channels to raise funds, the biogas project near the base of the five towns more than 20 a livestock and poultry farm manure renovation to achieve separation of dry and wet, and each farm road repair, the company and the aquaculture field signed agreement, the implementation of paid service. On the one hand, to solve the environmental pollution problems, to ensure that the livestock and poultry breeding The healthy development of the industry, on the other hand, to ensure the Qianfeng company production of biomass gas raw materials, can effectively reduce the cost. In the treatment of biogas slurry and - 138 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 residue, we equip the a full automatic drip injection and spraying fertilization system, biogas slurry destined for the vegetable fruit base, through the pipe network, the use of automation in process of sprinkler irrigation and achieve small investment, big gains in effect. Combined with biogas centralized supply through the establishment of biogas households, biogas comprehensive utilization demonstration area, fan out from point to area, to expand the scale, give full play to the commercial, biogas fertilizer fertilize the soil effect. Comprehensive utilization of agricultural structure adjustment to construction of biogas as a link, promote aquaculture, driven by planting industry development, and vigorously promote the "pig - Marsh - fruit, pig - Marsh - food, pig - Marsh - Fish" green mode, to create eco brand, organic brand. Over the past two years, we met with Xing Long ecological farm, Dorian vegetable cooperatives and Jin Gang grape base jointly invested more than 30 million, to build three "three natural ponds" comprehensive utilization project pilot, the economic benefit is obvious, vegetable growers of identity And praise. Although we have done some work on the use of biogas in high quality, but according to industry standards and market operation requirements there are many procedures need to complete, we urge the department pay more to give guidance and support, to ensure that rural biogas high-quality - 139 -- 南京工业职业技术学院项目技术报告 use of standardization, scale, standardization and rapidly to the province, and strive to promote the country.e stock. - 140 --