大学英语自学考试复习资料

Unit one Organizational  a.  Organization  n. A structure through which individuals cooperate systematically to conduct business. a benevolent organization: 一个慈善组织 WTO=World Trade Organization OPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. 欧佩克：石油输出国家组织 goal The purpose toward which an endeavor is directed; an objective. Synonyms: intention; objective. the score awarded for… some sports objective uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices. E.g. an objective critic 客观的评论 accomplish:  to reach the end of; to succeed in doing, bring to pass complete ; finish; achieve predict: v. To state, tell about, or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special knowledge. prediction  n. accompany: 1. To be or go with as a companion. 2. To perform an accompaniment to. I'll accompany my friend to the airport. Often a spoon will accompany a fork at the dinner table. Implement: The committee‘s decisions will be implemented immediately. 委员会的决定将立即执行。 A tool or an instrument used in doing work A means of achieving an end; an instrument or agent. constraint: The threat or use of force to prevent, restrict, or dictate the action or thought of others. He ignored all moral constraints in his pursuit of success. 在他追求成功的过程中忽略了一切道德约束 precedent: An act or instance that may be used as an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances. without precedent in history  史无前例的 without precedent  没有先例 simplify v.  To make simple or simpler simple  a. complicate  complex  intricate tendency The market is showing a tendency to decline.  市场显示出下跌的趋势 He’s always had a tendency towards Latin music.  他对拉丁音乐一直情有独钟 achievement: The act of accomplishing or finishing. 完成，达到：完成，实现的行为 Something accomplished successfully, especially by means of exertion, skill, practice, or perseverance. optimal:  most favorable or desirable suboptimization  n.  suboptimize  vi. optimize vi.  optimization n. optimism; optimist; optimistic; pessimism Unit Two astronomer—astronomy escape—v. n. escape from…; exit. exert-exert oneself; exert all my strength; exert influence. explode—explosion density—dense collapse—v. n. the collapse of plans supernova—superman—super-girl shrink-shrank-shrunk    shrink from making such a decision gravity-grave-a.n. marble—a. n. boundary-border-frontline observer-observe-observatory n.  v. to watch attentively interchangeable- international constant -a. n. instant;  instant noodles measurement—measure implication-imply  Life implies growth and death.生命必然有成长和死亡 basis-bases-base-basement 根据：What is the basis of your opinion? 你的观点的根据是什么？ 主要部分：The basis of this drink is orange juice. 这种饮料的主要成分是橘子汁。 launch:开创；推出（新产品） launch a career开创一项事业 launch a business venture.开始一项冒险事业 They launched the new perfume with prime-time commercials on the major networks. 他们依靠在主要的电视台播出黄金时段的广告来推出这种新型香水。 galaxy-Galaxy An assembly of brilliant, glamorous, or distinguished persons or things.一群有才气的迷人的或显赫的人或物 a galaxy of theatrical performers.众星云集 convincing—convince sb. of sth binary a.n. –double  twin companion-accompany-company Speculation 推测：Reasoning based on inconclusive evidence 思索，沉思：Contemplation or consideration of a subject; meditation. 投机：Engagement in risky business transactions on the chance of quick or considerable profit. swallow-n. v. swallow up mankind-Human Being-The Beings operate-operation-operator Unit Three weaken—weak(弱的，不耐用的) Dutchman 荷兰人——圣诞老人的国籍  Dutch Holland affect: [1]影响;[2]假装;[3]感动 to be affected with…患有… …疾病deteriorate:（使）恶化 M: diminish or impair in quality, character, or value lethal: capable of causing death. a:致命的；n:致命因子。 injection:注射；注射剂；（宇宙飞船，人造卫星）射入轨道。 Inject: 注入，注射。 nationwide a. adv. debate: n. v. debate on/about legal: 法定的，合法的。 legal papers法律文件 legislate v. 制定法律；通过立法 legislation n. Parliament & Congress prosecute vt. 对起诉，告发 prosecutor n. 检查官，原告（prosecutor; plaintiff; accuser）；被告（defendant; the accused）；法官（judge, law-officer）；陪审团（jury） criterion—criteria/criterions _standard crowd: n. v. crowded a. a throng of people, a herd of cattle ensure v. ensure—insurance保证; assure—assurance担保; guarantee（质量）担保，承担责任; pledge保证书，保证物; warrant: 正式的担保或保证. healthcare be opposed to…; opposite; conversely; be against—be for. tradition—traditional hospice: poorhouse; asylum open up: 打开，开发，坦诚地或无拘无束地谈话。 Council: Council，counsel 和 consul 是不能互相代替的 Council 和 councilor 主要指评议集会（例如市议会或学生会），及其工作和会籍。 Counsel 和 counselor 主要涉及大体上的建议和指导， 并涉及提供建议的人（如律师或军营参谋者）。 Consul 指参与国家外事服务的官 founder—found—find The People’s Republic of China was founded in the year of 1949. take…into consideration—consider consider v.考虑; considerate a. 考虑周到的; considerable a. 相当大的，值得考虑的。 elderly a. n.  old disabled—able—disable—unable—handicapped. burden: n. v.  the burden of a story小说的主 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 opt: v. choose choice opt to do sth.; opt for sth.; opt out (of); opt between shorten—short; lengthen—long; widen—wide. vulnerable: susceptible to physical injury; sensitive; weak. prohibition n. –prohibit v. forbid v. interdict v. individual--individualism paternalistic a. 家长作风的—parent—paternal a. 父亲般的 moving: be moved; move away sensitive—sense—sensational a. 使人感动的，非常好的—sensory a. 感官的. to have… at heart 对某事十分关心 to be at the bottom of heart Unit Four slavery: slave; slavery; negro; black man domestic: 家庭的, 家务的， 国内的, 与人共处的, 驯服的；拥人。 domestic chores; domestic affairs; household affairs；domestic animal; a household servant. Briton: British; Scottish; Irish. Great Britain: 全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国,一统于一个中央政府和国家元首。 statistics: numerical data diplomat: 会耍手腕的人；diplomacy abroad: overseas; oversea students; board exploit: explore; 充分利用；利用以自肥 abuse : insulting or coarse language campaign: war; battle; fight; combat; warfare sexually: sex; gender; sexual; sexually passport: identification card Filipino: maid: maiden; virgin execute:  to put into effect; carry out; to make valid, as by signing convict: vt. n.  to convict…of death penalty; hanging ; found guilty; convicted. 被定罪的：被发现有罪的；被定罪的 despite: in spite of… guilt: n; guilty: a. self-reproach for supposed inadequacy or wrongdoing 自责:由于不适当的做法或错误而产生的自责 deserving: be deserving of… Saudi: Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabian breadwinner: bread-and-butter: 实用的，生计的，基本的； bread and butter:生计 bread and cheese: 普通食品 shelf/shelves：clothes rack; clothes hood; clothes pin. minimum/minima: n. a. employee leaflet: 传单 incidence: incident n. a. 易于发生的 immigrant status kingdom: realm concession n. the act of conceding; 特许状; 租界地. immigration: emigration emigrant foreigner deport: import export exile be supposed to Unit Five transformation: transform：v. transform A to B. M: change the shape, appearance, quality, or nature of. transformer: n. 变压器 transformable: a. M: that can be transformed. transformation: e.g. His character has undergone a transformation since his brain operation. rhythmic: a. =rhythmical rhythm: n. M: regular succession of weak and strong stresses, accents, sounds or movements. The rhythmic tread of marching soldiers行军士兵有节奏的步伐 musically：adv. music: n. musical: a. musician：n. distinct: a. v. M: easily heard, seen, understood; plain; clearly marked. distinct A. from B. distinction n. consciousness: n. conscious: a. M: awake, aware, knowing things. be conscious of/that E.g. Are you conscious of how people will regard such behavior. E.g. We have no consciousness during sleep. youthful: a. youth: n. 青年，年少，青春期 young: a. 年轻的 the enthusiasm of youth 青春时代的热忱 a young appearance青春的外貌 anti-war anti-: 排斥，反对 sentiment: M: mental feeling, the total of what one thinks and feels on a subject. e.g. Should reason be guided by sentiment? 理智应该受到情感的支配吗？ e.g. There’s no place for sentiment in business. 做生意不能感情用事。 spontaneous: M: done, happening, from natural impulse, not caused or suggested by sth. or sb. outside. Nothing he says is spontaneous—he always thinks carefully before he speaks. 他从不贸然发言，他总是在谨慎思考后才讲话。 originate: v. 发源，发起，发生，创造 originate from/in sth; originate from/with sb. e.g. With whom did the scheme originate? 这个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 是谁发起的？ originate a new style of dancing 创造一种新的舞步 imitator: n. imitate: vt. copy the behaviour of; take as an example imitation: n. imitation is the sincerest form of flattery. 模仿是最真实的恭维。 negro: eclecticism: eclectic: a. 自各处随意取材的 M: choosing, accepting, freely from various sources. synthesis: syntheses—pl. synthesize: v. produce a whole by this process. jazz: readily: M1: without showing hesitation or unwillingness. M2: without difficulty readiness: n. have everything in readiness for an early start.为及早准备而把一切准备好 limitless: a. limit: v. n. without limit; That’s the limit. （口）无法再忍受了。 limitation: n. 限制条件；能力上的缺陷；受限制。 instrument: electronic： amplifier: guitar: studio: penetrating: penetrate: v. penetrate into/ to/ through He penetrated their thoughts. penetrating: a. (of a person, his mind) able to see and understand quickly and deeply. 有眼光的，聪慧的。 penetration: n. thereby: by that means; in that connection. （正式用语） 借以，从而，由此，在那一点上，在那一方面。 passive: participant: multi-media: ballroom: lighting: Unit Six efficiency: n. 效率  efficacy: n. 功效，效力（药物） efficient: a. 工作做得好的  effective: a. 已产生预期效果的 effect: n. v. 效果，影响，作用；产生，实现，引起 affect: n. v. 影响，感动；实现 be of no effect: 无效 come into effect: 开始生效 have an effect on…: 对什么有影响 in effect: 实际上 take effect: 见效，生效 robotics: n. robot: n. robust: a. 有活力的，健康的。 vigorous, healthy. increasingly: adv. increasing: a. 渐增的，越来越多的 increased: a. 增加的，增多的 increaser: n. 增加者 increasable: a. 可增加的，可增大的 prevalent: a. 普遍的， 流行的 prevailing : a. 存在下去 ;  prevalent : a. 影响范围大 prevalence : n. automotive : a. automate : v. 使自动化 automation: n. 工业自动化 automatic : a. 自动的，机械的 autonomy: n. 自治 autograph: n. 亲笔签名 v. 签名于 welding: weld: wield: v. 支配 to control the action of;  to wield power争权 wild: a. uncultivated; wildness: n.  wild delight: 狂喜 weird: a. 古怪的，奇异的，不可思议的 e.g. The witches moved in a weird dance. spray: n. 水雾；喷雾器； v. 将流体喷射到……上 casting:  cast: v. throw, fling, toss; 投射，掷; n. 演员阵容，铸造 cast about/ around(for): 焦虑地寻找，思考 e.g. I’ve been casting round in my mind, but I can’t find an easy solution. Cast away: 浪费，（船）失事，漂流 cast a vote: 投票 cast/ draw lots: 抽签 frame: frame: n. 骨架，支架，框架 underframe: n. 底盘架 enframe: vt. 装于框内 framable: a. 可构想的 framer : n. 计划者，策划者 framework: n. 框架，准则，结构 frame-up: n. 诬陷，陷阱，陷害 appliance： apply : v.申请，应用  apply oneself to…致力于;  apply to sb. 适合于某人； apply for sth. 申请得到 application: n. 申请，（规则等）应用 applicant: n. 申请人 applied: a. 适用的 applicable: a. 适用的，适应的，可应用的。 calculator：计算者，计算器 calculate: v. 计算，估计，确信  calculation: n. miscalculate: vt. 弄错 uncalculated: a. 未经事前考虑的 calculating: a. 诡计多端的，工于心计的 calculate on=depend on=bank on: 依靠，指望 calculable: a. 能计算的，预想得到的  incalculable: a. 不可数的，无数的 calculatory: a. 深思熟虑的 radioactive：a. 放射性的，放射引起的 radiation: 放射，放射物 personnel：职员，全体人员，人事部门 personnel department: 人事部 personnel manager: n. 人事经理 personnel agency: 职业介绍所 personnel administration: n.人事管理 expose: v. 使暴露，使面临，揭露，揭发 exposure: 有意揭发；摄影时的暴光 disclosure: n. 无意间泄露 reduction：减少，降级，归纳，归并 reduce: v. lessen; diminish; (o)increase reduce… to…: 使……变得更小， 更少，使处于不利地位 completion: complete: v. a.  completely: adv. complex: a. 复杂的  complexion: 面部，肤色，外观，形势 complicate: v. 使复杂化 compliment: n. 恭维 complimentary: a. 恭维的 fish for compliments=angle for compliments 故意引别人说恭维话 specific: a. 精确的，确切的，特定的 specify: v. 明确说出，专门提到，规定，详述 specification: n. 明确，具体要求 reprogramme v. 再次/重新设定程序 programme: n. re-: retell: v. 重复，复述；reproduce: v. 再生，再现，生殖，繁殖 switch: v. n. 开关，电闸，转换 switch off: 关断—switch on打开; 接通； switch to: 转移话题/节目 critical: a. 批评的，评论的，危急的，紧要的，挑剔的 critic: n. 评论家 critique: n. 评论性文章 criticism: n. 评论，文艺等方面的评论 digital：a. 数字的，数字显示的，手指的，指状的 digit: n. 手指，脚趾 three-dimensional: 三维的 three-digital: 3-D的 camera： light-sensitive：光敏的 sensitive: a. 敏感的  sensibility: n.  sensibilize: v. M：Responsive to external conditions or stimulation. 对外界状况或刺激有反应的 sensile: a. 可感觉的；感觉出的  sensing: n. 感觉 feelings: 感情 sensible: a. 有感觉的，明智的，有判断力的 intensity：n. intense: a. （性质）强烈的，剧烈的 high in degree （感情）热烈的，热情的 (of feelings, etc) ardent, violent Intensive: a. 加强的，集中的，深入细致的 grayscale：灰度 scale: n. 天平盘，刻度，比例尺，音阶 v. 称重，攀登，爬 on a large/small scale: 大规模地/小规模地 out of scale: 不合规定比例 to scale: adv. 按规定比例 turn the scale(s) 扭转局面 brightness：smart shade: n. v. \ shadow shape  sharp sharp-eyed:  shark  share  shampoo defective: a. 有缺陷的，不完善的 defect: n. 缺点，缺陷                                                                                          assemble：v. 装备，集合 assembly: n.  assembly line 生产线 attendant：n. 雇员 a. 伺候的，随之而来的 attendant difficulties attend: v. 出席，参加 attend to 处理；接待 attend on 照顾 attendance：n. in attendance 在照顾，伺候（某人） firemen: n. 消防队员 housekeeper: n. 女管家 Unit Seven    leadership: n. 领导，领导人员的总称 形容词+ship, 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示抽象的概念。 hardship困苦，艰难，辛苦 ；citizenship公民的身份 ；friendship友谊，友好 ；horsemanship马术；sportsmanship运动家精神 lead leader leading主要的，最重要的 play a leading role in… lead the way：带路 lead to：引起，导致 lead up to：慢慢讲起来 take the lead：带头，领头，居首位 take the lead in doing sth.：为他人树立榜样 lead sth. off：开始 give a lead：提出解决问题的线索 research：n.v.研究 调查 researcher: n. 研究人员 researches: n. 学术研究 重点区别：Study：研读；investigate：查询； spot；check：抽查；breakdown： 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ；canvass：筛查。 attach：v. 固定住，附加，喜爱，把重点放在 e.g. They provide aid with no conditions attached. 他们提供了无附加条件的援助。 e.g. He was strongly attached to his home.  be attached to… 他对他的家恋恋不舍。 attach importance to… 认为很重要 possession: n.  拥有，possessions: 占有物，财产 own, hold, have… possess v. 占有，拥有，具有某种品质，支配，克制 possessive a. sb. in possession of… =come into possession of …占有 sth. in the possession of… take possession of… 占有，占领 demand possession：要求引渡 satisfaction 满意 满足 satisfy: v.  satisfaction: n.  satisfactory: 令人满意的 be satisfied with …: 对……很满意 be satisfied of…: 确信…… to the satisfaction of… 使满足…… with/in satisfaction: 满意地 satisfy the People’s need: 满足人民的需要 satisfy sb. that…: 使某人相信…… relaxation: n. 放松，缓和，休养 relax: v. 休息，娱乐，放宽 e.g. : There must be no relaxation in our high standards. 我们坚持高 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ，决不容许有稍微放松。 desirable: a. 称心的，理想的，合意的 a desirable job desire: v. n. 渴望，欲望，请求 desirous: a. 希望的，渴望的 have much to be desired: 令人极为满意 occupation: n. 占领 占有 职业 occupy: v. 占有，占领，占据 occupier/ occupant: n. 占用者（时间上有长短区分） occupancy: n. 居住期限，占有期 be occupied with sth.=be occupied in doing sth.=keep busy portray: v. 描绘，描写，描述，扮演角色 portrait: [tri] n. portrayal: a.  portrayer: n. urban: a. 城市的，都市的 rural: a. 农村的 urbane: a. 彬彬有礼的 stressful 紧张的，压力重的 stress: n. v.  压力，重音，强调 in the stress of the moment: 一时紧张 lay stress on…: 把重点放在……上 under (the ) stress (of): 在……的压力之下 distress: v. n. 苦恼，悲痛，使穷困 loom: v.  隐隐呈现，（阴森的）逼近；n. 织布机 renewal: n. 更新，重新开始 renew: v. 使更新，使恢复，重新开始，续借书 e.g. The Embassy refused to renew their temporary travel documents. 大使馆不同意延长他们临时旅行签证的有效期。 underlie—underlay-- underlain v. 支撑，构成某种理论政策的基础 e.g. There were deeper tensions underlying last week’s outburst. underline; v.下画线，加强；undermine: v. 损害 underneath: adv. 在下面，在底下 undersell: v. 廉价销售 undertake: v. 从事，承担，保证  undertake to do sth. undertaker: n. 殡葬业人员 understate: v. 清描淡写地说，掩饰情绪的说 acquire: v. 获得，得到 acquisition: n 所获之物； acquisitive a. 好获得的，好求得的 gain; derive from: 从中获得乐趣 recognition 认出，承认，公认 recognize : v.  recognizable : a. impart : v.  把分给 给予 通知 give a quality to sth ; make known to sb. ; reveal sth. positive : a. 明确的，积极的，正的，阳性的n. 正像，正片  (o)negative: a. position: n. 位置，身份，姿态，立场，主张v. 驻扎，把东西放在适当的位置 in position—out of position put oneself in sb.’s position: 设身处地为某人想一想 motivate：v. 作为......的动机 ; 激发 make ; cause motive : a.发动的，启动的  n. 动机，目的 e.g. In a case of murder, the police question everyone who might have a motive. relevant：a.  贴切的，中肯的，与有关的，恰当的，成比例的 relevance : n. relevantly: adv. irrelevant: a. communicator：n. 传播者， 传播工作者 communicate : v.传达，沟通，交流意见； communicable : a. （思想，感觉）易传达的；（疾病）可传染的 commune : n. 交流，共享，圣餐； community : n. 公社； communion : n. 社会；社区；团体，共同体  communique : n. 公报 participation： 参加，参与 participate : v. attainment： 达到，到达，成就，造诣 attain to: 达到，取得  be concerned with 关于，涉及，关心，体贴，忙于某事 e.g. A party in power must be concerned with the interest of the masses 执政党必须关心群众的利益。 take to 开始从事，养成的习惯，培养对的爱好 put... to use使用，利用 be relevant to 与有关=refer to on the part of 就……而言 e.g. He apologized on the part of his boss. 他代表老板道歉。 set... as objective把作为目标 Unit Eight jet: 喷射，喷气式飞机 airplane; aircraft; aeroplane; flight… e.g. I will go to Shanghai by plane. lag: v.; n. 走得慢，落后，滞后 e.g. The lame child lagged behind. time lag: 延迟的时间 period of time by which sth. is slower or later. old lag: 惯犯；经常做牢的人。 lagging: 隔热或隔冷的材料 lag behind=fall behind flight: 飞行，航班，逃跑 flightless: unable to fly take flight=run away physiological: 生理的，生理学的 Physiology: n. 生理学 Psychology: n. 心理学  psychologist 心理学家psychological. 心理学的 regulatory: a. 规章的，调节的 regulate: v.  管理，调节 regulation: n. mechanism: 机构，机制，自然现象的作用过程 quick-witted; resourceful: 机智的 machine: n. hormonal: 荷尔蒙的，激素的 Hormone: n. secretary: 秘书，英美国家的部长，大臣 negotiation: 谈判，协商 negotiate: v. proceeding: 程序，进程，项目，活动，会议文集 process: n. instantaneously: 瞬间地，即刻地 instant: a. instantaneity: n. transport: v. 运输 transportation: n. overcome: 战胜，克服 overcame overcome timing: 时间的选择，计时定时 time: n. v. timer: 计时员，定时器 periodicity: 周期性，间发性