高一英语第三册第二单元语法学习-“ing”形式做主语、宾语

高一英语第三册第二单元语法学习-“ing”形式做主语、宾语 O, my Luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June; O, my Luve's like a melodie , That's sweetly play'd in tune. A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns 我一点也不知道他服过役。(此处使用的是“-ing”的完成式) “-ing”形式之一 “-ing”作主语和宾语 班级______ 姓名_______ 第二部分例句:通过例句展示“-ing”的名词特点。 “-ing”的名词特征主要 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现在它在句中可以充当主语或宾语, 还可以受形容词、代 词和名词的修饰, 前面也可以加冠词。 问题一:什么是“-ing”形式, here is no excuse for the running away. T“-ing”是动词的一种非限定形式(非谓语形式), 由动词原形加“-ing”构成。这种形 式同时兼有动词和名词的特征和作用, 其动词特征表现在可以带宾语、状语或表逃走是无法辩解的。(前面有定冠词the修饰) All seems smooth sailing. 语，还可以有时态、语态的变化。换言之，英语中的“-ing”形式是由动词变化而来， 它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所一切看来都很顺利。(sailing受到了形容词smooth的修饰) His helping is important for me. 不能表达的较为复杂的意念，另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同: 在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或后面直接接宾语。他的帮助对我很重要。(helping受到形容词性物主代词his的修饰) 仔细体会下面的例句来理解上面较为抽象的讲解。 第一部分例句:通过例句展示“-ing”的动词特点。 问题二:“-ing”形式有什么用, At the meeting he stressed the importance of defeating their competitors. “-ing”形式由于具有名词和动词的双重特点，所以担任的成分特别多，具有名词的会上他强调了击败竞争对手的重要性。(此处的defeating后面跟有自己的宾语) 特点使之可以担任名词可以担任的成分，如主语，宾语，宾补，表语等。 Getting up early is considered a good habit. 早起被认为是一种好习惯。(Getting up后面跟有修饰它的状语early) 问题三:本单元主要学什么, He dreamt of becoming an actor. 第三册第二单元所需要学习的“ing”功能----作主语、作宾语 他梦想当一名飞行员。(becoming后面跟有自己的表语an actor) 1 . 作主语 : 此外, “-ing”的动词特征还表现在它的语态和时态变化。 知识点 He insisted on being given the mission. Saying is easier than doing. __________________________________________________________ 他坚持要给自己分配这项任务。(此处用的是“-ing”的被动语态) I know nothing about his having served in the army. Drinking so much wine is not good for health. 1 O, my Luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June; O, my Luve's like a melodie , That's sweetly play'd in tune. A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Reading is an art. Swimming is a good sport in summer. __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Climbing mountains is really fun. 知识点? 形式主语的问题 _________________________________________________________ 在use, good, pity, time, fun, hard, funny, nice, difficult , worthwhile, interesting, tiring, Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. better , foolish, enjoyable, crazy , terrible 等名词或形容词作表语时, 可用it 作形式 _________________________________________________________ 主语, 把作主语的动名词后置。构成一个“it is+adj/n+doing”的结构。 Riding a bike can make a man quick. It’s crazy going out like that. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Seeing is believing. It’s no use waiting here. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Waving your hand is to say “Good-bye”. It’s no good helping him. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Nodding your head is to say “Yes”. It’s rather tiring typing so many letters. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Helping her is my duty. It’s dangerous swimming in this river. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Talking mends no holes. I t made them worried Jack?s suddenly disappearing . _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Working with you is a pleasure. It is a waste of time helping that man. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Doing exercise can make us healthy. It is worthwhile reading this book. 2 O, my Luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June; O, my Luve's like a melodie , That's sweetly play'd in tune. A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns __________________________________________________________ 2.I admit breaking the window. It is no use crying over spilt milk. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 3.Try to imagine being on the moon. It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 4.He tried to escape being punished. It is no good leaving today's work for tomorrow. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 5.You shouldn?t keep thinking about it. _________________________________________________________ 6.Would you mind going with her? 2. 作宾语: _________________________________________________________ 1)“ing”作动词宾语 7.I can?t understand neglecting children like that. 知识点?动词后接“ing”的问题 _________________________________________________________ 有一些动词后面语法要求使用“ing”形式做它的宾语，这样的单词始终是考试的重 8.We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 点。好消息是这些单词不是特别多，在下面尽量多的给出来了。你去认真记住这 _________________________________________________________ 些吧，我在精神上支持你～ 9.Would you mind opening the window? 下列动词后常跟“ing”作宾语, 其中有些可用sb ./ sth . doing 结构: admit , stand, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, _________________________________________________________ escape, excuse, fancy( = imagine) , finish , forgive, imagine, keep( = continue) , mind, 10.These books are well worth reading. miss ,pardon , postpone, practice, prevent , propose, quit , recall , recollect , risk , _________________________________________________________ resist ,suggest , advise, allow, permit , recommend, acknowledge, require, guarantee, 11.My mother couldn't help smiling when she heard the good news. _________________________________________________________ confirm, encourage, ban等。 1.I advise waiting a few more days. 12.My father has given up smoking.。 _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3 O, my Luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June; O, my Luve's like a melodie , That's sweetly play'd in tune. A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns 13.Everyone in my class enjoys playing football. aim at , devote . . .to, depend on, set about , be fond of等等。 _________________________________________________________ He is intent on carrying out the experiment. 14.Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ You are wrong in accepting her offer. 15.The doctor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month. ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ She is apologetic for breaking the vase. 16.Would you mind opening the window? ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ There is no harm in trying again. 17.The murderer denied killing the rich man. ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ He took to going out for a walk in the evening. 18.I would appreciate your keeping it a secret. ________________________________________________________ She felt like going out. ________________________________________________________ 19. He admitted taking the watch. 知识点?注意:这一部分的考察重点在于我们前面发的一份材料《以介词to结尾的__________________________________________________________ 常考短语》，请去记忆吧。 20. I appreciate her devoting herself to the education. 知识点?It作形式宾语 __________________________________________________________ It作形式宾语代替真正的宾语“ing”形式只限于少数句型, 一般用在useless , 2) “ing”作介词的宾语 worthwhile, senseless, fun , no good, any good, a waste of time 等后。 由于语法规定介词后面所跟的成分算宾语，而且语法还规定，介词后面接动词的 I found it senseless arguing with him because he was willful. 话要求使用动词“ing”形式，这就导致“动词+介词”构成的动词短语后面接动词的话 ________________________________________________________ 都是要用动词的“ing”形式作宾语，如下面的例子中的这些短语go on, get through , I find it useless( no use) advising him to change his mind . insist on, keep on, accuse . . .of, think of, care for, give up , put off, dream of, ________________________________________________________ charge . . .with, prevent . . . from, be engaged in ,thank . . .for, feel like,excuse . . .for, 4 O, my Luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June; O, my Luve's like a melodie , That's sweetly play'd in tune. A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns 知识点?有些动词后面跟动词不定式和跟动名词所表示的意义完全不同, 有时甚1. have problem (+in) + “doing”， ________________________________________________________ 至相反，这些需要单独记忆。 1) stop doing/to do 2. have fun (+in) + “doing”， ________________________________________________________ stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事 / stop doing 停止做某事。 ) forget doing/to do 23. have difficulty in doing sth., ________________________________________________________ forget to do 忘记要去做某事 (未做) / forget doing 忘记做过某事 (已做) 3) remember doing/to do 4. have trouble/a hard time in doing sth.; ________________________________________________________ remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)/remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) ) regret doing/to do 45. be busy (in) +“doing”; ________________________________________________________ regret to do对要做的事遗憾 (未做)/regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 (已做) 5) try doing/to do try to do 努力，企图做某事 / try doing 试验，试着做某事。 问题四:The old man insisted on their staying in his 6) go on doing/to do home(这个句子的“ing”前面的their是一种什么样go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事/go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 的使用, 7) mean to doing/to do “ing”形式前面可以加一个形容词性的物主代词、代词宾格或名词所有 mean to do 打算、想/mean doing 意味着 (所谓的逻辑主语也就是说这个“ing”动作的格作为该动名词的逻辑主语。 8) 感官动词 + doing/to do 真正的执行者。)以上面的句子为例，如果去掉句子中的their，句子成为The old 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do man insisted on staying in his home(句子中stay这个动作的逻辑主语是the old man表示动作的完整性，真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 (也就是stay这个动作的执行者是the old man),句子翻译成:“老人坚持要留在9) can?t help doing / to do 家里”。但是如果在“ing”前面加上their，这个时候根据上面斜体字的讲解，staycan?t help doing 情不自禁地……/can?t help to do 不能帮助作….. 这个动作的逻辑主语不再是the old man,而是形容词性的物主代词their对应的人，知识点?在一些特别的句子结构中要求使用动名词: 也就是“他们”。那么这个句子应该翻译成:“这个老人坚持要他们留在家里”。 5 O, my Luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June; O, my Luve's like a melodie , That's sweetly play'd in tune. A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns Do you remember Jim and his uncle coming to see us last month? Please excuse my,me coming late( _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ I was astonished by someone knocking at the door. I?ll never forget Tom?s ,Tom shaking hands with the chairman。 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ She hates anyone smoking here in the room. Your driving a car to Beijing took longer than I expected( _______________________________________________________ His recognizing his faults is a good thing. It's a waste of time your talking to him( _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ It's no use your pretending not to know the rules. You falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip( _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ He denied their having ever been there. I insisted on him leaving here at once( _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ I advised his starting at once. There are many reasons for animals,animals „dying out( _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ We shouldn't allow their parking in the street. The old man insisted on their staying in his home( _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ The heavy rain forbade our going Is there any hope of John winning the first prize? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street. _______________________________________________________ 6