金门大桥CJ02标段
施工组织设计
第一章 施工总体设计
1.1工程概况
金门大桥工程CJ02标段起于列屿湖埔路终于金门慈湖路，路线全长5414.761m。本标段桥梁起点桩号为:K0+000m,K5+414.761m，共计57个墩台，根据桥段上部结构箱梁施工工艺及特点将桥段划分为12个施工单元段，具体施工单元段情况如下:
(1)第一单元(支撑先进工法):A1、P1、P2、P3共计4个墩，跨径:30m+50m+45m; (2)第二单元(支撑先进工法):P3、P4、P5、P6、P7、P8共计6个墩，跨径:45m+4×50m;
(3)第三单元(支撑先进工法):P8、P9、P10、P11、P12、P13共计6个墩，跨径:45m+4×50m;
(4)第四单元(支撑先进工法):P13、P14、P15、P16、P17、P18共计6个墩，跨径:45m+4×50m;
(5)第五单元(支撑先进工法):P18、P19、P20、P21、P22、P23共计6个墩，跨径:45m+4×50m;
(6)第六单元(悬臂工法):P23、P24、P25、P26、P27、P28共计6个墩，跨径:110m+3×160m+130m;
(7)第七单元(边跨场撑+悬臂工法+钢梁吊装):P28、P29、P30、P31、P32、P33、P34共计7个墩，跨径:140m+4×280m+140m;
(8)第八单元(悬臂工法):P34、P35、P36、P37、P38、P39共计6个墩，跨slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
径:130m+3×160m+110m;
(9)第九单元(支撑先进工法):P39、P40、P41、P42、P43、P44共计6个墩，跨径:4×50m+45m;
(10)第十单元(支撑先进工法):P44、P45、P46、P47、P48、P49共计6个墩，跨径:4×50m+45m;
(11)第十一单元(支撑先进工法):P49、P50、P51、P52、P53共计5个墩，跨径:3×50m+45m;
(12)第十二单元(支撑先进工法):P53、P54、P55、A2共计4个墩，跨径:45m+50m+45m。
1.1.1桥梁桩基概况
本工程引桥A1台—P23墩、P39墩—A2台桥梁桩基采用φ1.5m嵌岩桩，边桥P24墩—P28墩、P34墩—P38墩桥梁桩基分别采用φ2.0m、φ2.5m嵌岩桩，主桥P29墩—P33墩桥梁桩基采用φ2.5m嵌岩桩。以上桥梁桩基的持力层土质为花岗岩。
1.1.2桥梁承台概况
本工程A1台、A2台承台采用2种规格尺寸矩形承台;引桥P1墩—P23墩、P39墩—P55墩承台采用TYPE1—TYPE6共计6种规格尺寸矩形承台;边桥P24墩—P28墩、P34墩—P38墩承台采用TYPE11—TYPE18共计8种规格矩形承台;主桥P29墩—P33墩承台采用TYPE21—TYPE25共计5种矩形承台。具体承台尺寸及数量如下:
(1)A1台:尺寸:7m×7m×1.6m;
(2)A2台:尺寸:7m×7m×2m;
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(3)TYPE1:尺寸:11m×9m×3m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=1.5m),数量:16个; (4)TYPE2:尺寸:11m×11m×3m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=1.5m),数量:7个; (5)TYPE3:尺寸:11m×11m×3m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=1.5m),数量:8个; (6)TYPE4:尺寸:9m×9m×3m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=1.5m),数量:3个; (7)TYPE5:尺寸:9m×11m×3m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=1.5m),数量:5个; (8)TYPE6:尺寸:11m×11m×3m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=1.5m),数量:1个; (9)TYPE11:尺寸:24m×22m×5m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=2.0m),数量:2个; (10)TYPE12:尺寸:24m×22m×5m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=2.0m),数量:1个;
(11)TYPE13:尺寸:22m×22m×5m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=2.0m),数量:1个;
(12)TYPE14:尺寸:20m×20m×5m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=2.0m),数量:2个;
(13)TYPE15:尺寸:20m×20m×5m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=2.0m),数量:1个;
(14)TYPE16:尺寸:20m×20m×5m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=2.5m),数量:1个;
(15)TYPE17:尺寸:20m×20m×5m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=2.5m),数量:1个;
(16)TYPE18:尺寸:20m×20m×5m，四个角设置圆倒角(R=2.5m),数量:1个;
(17)TYPE21:尺寸:29m×29m×6m，四个角设置倒三角，数量:1个; slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(18)TYPE22:尺寸:29m×29m×6m，四个角设置倒三角，数量:1个; (19)TYPE23:尺寸:29m×29m×6m，四个角设置倒三角，数量:1个; (20)TYPE24:尺寸:29m×29m×6m，四个角设置倒三角，数量:1个; (21)TYPE25:尺寸:29m×23m×6m，四个角设置倒三角，数量:1个。 1.1.3桥梁墩柱概况
本工程引桥P1墩—P23墩、P39墩—P55墩墩柱采用Y型花瓶墩，花瓶上口宽度为6.5m，下口直线段宽度为3.5m，花瓶高度8m，墩柱侧面宽度分别为3m、3.5m;边桥P24墩—P28墩、P34墩—P38墩墩柱采用Y型花瓶墩，花瓶上、下口宽度为6.8m，花瓶高度8m，墩柱侧面宽度分别为3.5m、5m。
主桥P29墩—P33墩共计5个墩墩柱为主桥5个索塔塔柱。
A1台、A2台共计2个台台身为重力式桥台台身。
1.1.4桥梁上部结构箱梁概况
本工程引桥A1台—P23墩、P39墩—A2台上部结构箱梁采用单箱单室等截面预应力混凝土现浇箱梁;边桥P23墩—P28墩、P34墩—P39墩上部结构箱梁采用单箱单室变截面预应力混凝土悬浇箱梁。
主桥为五塔双索面斜拉桥，P28墩—P34墩主塔处至斜拉索边索处上部结构箱梁采用单箱三室变截面预应力混凝土悬浇箱梁，主塔斜拉索边索之间采用单箱三室等截面钢箱梁，并在预应力混凝土悬浇箱梁与钢箱梁之间设置了接合梁段。 1.1.5桥梁预应力及斜拉索概况
本工程引桥A1台—P23墩、、P39墩—A2台上部现浇箱梁，边桥P23墩—P28墩、P34墩—P39墩上部悬浇箱梁采用预应力体内束。主桥P28墩—P34墩上部悬浇箱梁除了采用预应力体内束外，在梁体的外侧设置了斜拉索。每个主塔单侧slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
面斜拉索布置为双索面，每个索面由8根斜拉索组成。
1.1.6引道路面、桥面系及附属工程概况
本工程引道路面采用5cm密级配沥青混凝土+10cm沥青处理底层+45cm级配粒料底层，护栏采用透空式护栏。
引桥A1台—P23墩、P39墩—A2台，边桥P23墩—P28墩、P34墩—P39墩桥面均采用5cm厚密级配沥青混凝土，护栏均采用透空式护栏。
主桥P28墩—P34墩预应力混凝土箱梁桥面采用8cm厚密级配沥青混凝土，钢箱梁桥面采用8cm厚改质沥青混凝土，护栏均采用透空式护栏，主桥桥隔栏之
2间桥面采用8cm厚245kgf/cm混凝土。
1.2施工现场组织机构
我单位将根据业主对本
工程施工
建筑工程施工承包1园林工程施工准备消防工程安全技术交底水电安装文明施工建筑工程施工成本控制
进度、资金、成本、质量、安全及环水保管理的要求成立施工现场项目经理部，并在项目经理部内设置相关功能部室，项目经理部对进场的人员、机械、设备、物资、材料等统一管理、统一指挥、统一调动。
项目经理部的运作实行项目经理负责制，坚持“经理负责，全员管理，标价分离，项目核算，指标考核，严格奖惩”的原则，规定项目经理与总部、项目管理层次与总部管理、项目管理层次与作业层次之间的关系，以及项目经理的责任、权限和利益。单位总部是项目管理的决策与管理层次，与项目经理签订《项目管理目标责任书》。项目经理必须贯彻执行国家、行政主管部门有关法律、法规、政策和标准，执行局各项
管理制度
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。项目经理履行《项目目标管理责任书》，进行目标控制，确保项目各项管理目标的实现。本工程项目经理部具体组织机构如下图所示:
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
金门大桥CJ02标段项目经理部
项目经理
专家顾问组
项目副经理 项目总工师
工质物科 财 计办 安
程量 划 全资
技管研 务 合公 环设
术理 同 保备部 部 部 室 部 部 部 部
技施调测试
术工度量验
室室室室室
桩引引引边主引主主引主主桥主
基、、桥桥桥、桥桥道桥桥面桥
施边边箱箱承边索钢预路箱钢系工桥桥梁梁台桥塔箱应面梁箱及队 承墩现悬施箱施梁力及悬梁附
台柱浇浇工梁工安附制及属浇
队 施施施施队 预装属作斜工施
工工工工应施拉工工施程
队 队 队 队 力工索程队 工施
施队 施施队 工
工队 工工
队 队 队
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
a、工程技术部
负责整个工程的日常生产管理，对现场施工进度、质量、工程
计划
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统计、安全、文明施工、环境等负责，包括施工任务的分配、施工人员的调度、施工机械的调度等。
负责图纸会审及编制施工组织设计;制定施工方案;施工技术交底;竣工图绘制;深入施工现场，指导施工及解决现场施工难题;积极推广新技术、新工艺、新材料以确保施工质量、提高工效、节约成本。
工程技术部下设中心实验室，主要职责为负责完成本标段的各种试验;混凝土、砂浆等配合比设计工作，并监督执行;进场材料的抽样检查工作。
工程技术部下设测量队，负责整个工程项目的所有测量及上部施工的监控工作，包括首级测量控制网的复测，施工控制网的布设和定期复测，永久结构物的测量放样，配合监理进行必要的相邻标段联合复测、上部施工各阶段的监控工作。 b、质量管理部
负责监督各施工作业队贯彻执行国家、业主、监理与企业发布的工程质量的规定、规程、制度和措施，并检查落实;深入施工现场了解掌握工程质量动态，协助各作业队处理施工中存在的质量问题;施工过程中各道工序的自检和报验工作，及时向各级领导汇报工程质量情况;对各种原材料、成品、半成品的质量检查与验收;记录历次质量检查、各种验收检查的情况，记录质量事故的调查处理情况，记录机械设备、计量测试仪器、人员素质等影响工程质量因素处理情况。 c、物资设备部
负责项目施工机械的维修、保养、租赁、选型、购买及加工件的设计，物资材料的计划、选购、贮存、分类标识、发放、试样采集等工作。 slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
d、财务核算部
负责项目工作款的结算、材料和机械款的给付、职工工资的发放、对重大项目的资金使用情况进行评估和论证、定期进行工程成本分析并进行日常财务管理等。
e、计划
合同
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部
负责项目各种合同的签订、评审及工程计量支付、竣工结算等工作，参与工程材料、机械设备采购合同的评审，参加项目部定期进行的成本核算工作，逐月检查施工合同的履行情况，及时准确的核定工程变更引起的工程费用的增减。 f、经理部办公室
负责日常的公文收发、处理、传递、办公用品的购买、发放，职工食堂的管理，办公室、生活区保卫人员的管理，日常通讯、打字人员的管理，经理部公务用车的管理、调度，职工劳资统保管理以及与当地有关部门对口联系等工作。 g、安全环保部(含海上交通疏导组织领导小组)
负责施工期间的施工安全、生活安全、交通安全，制定各项安全生产制度、安全标志，成立安全保障体系及机构，根据总体施工平面布置安装安全设施并检查落实。及时与当地有关部门联系，获取最新气象信息，提前作好预防恶劣天气的准备措施。
负责施工期间的环境保护，制定各项环境保护制度成立环保体系及机构，及时与当地环保部门联系，采取有力措施，作好环境保护工作。
组织《交通疏导组织领导小组》，由项目经理任组长，安全环保部负责人任副组长。负责日常交通组织安排及应急处理，并与发包人、监理、交警、工交、城管等部门进行协调，共同维护施工期间的交通通畅。小组成员分派到各个工区，slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
来具体负责安全及交通疏解工作。
h、科研部
负责科研项目在本工程项目的顺利开展，并负责对科研成果予推广和应用;负责新技术、新为材料、新设备、新工艺在本项目的推广和应用。 1.3施工队伍与任务划分及施工资源配置
1.3.1施工队伍与任务划分
根据本工程桥段的施工内容、特点，将施工现场划分为5个施工区域，分别由5个施工分部负责施工，5个施工分部具体情况如下:
(1)施工一分部:负责引桥A1台—P23墩桩基、承台、墩柱、箱梁现浇、箱梁预应力、引道路面、桥面系及附属工程施工;
基、承台、墩柱、(2)施工二分部:负责边桥P23墩(不含P23墩)—P28墩桩
箱梁悬浇、箱梁预应力、桥面系及附属工程施工;
(3)施工三分部:负责主桥P28墩(不含P28墩)—P34墩桩基、承台、索塔塔柱、箱梁悬浇、箱梁预应力、斜拉索、钢箱梁制作与安装、桥面系及附属工程施工;
(4)施工四分部:负责边桥P34墩(不含P34墩)—P39墩桩基、承台、墩柱、箱梁悬浇、箱梁预应力、桥面系及附属工程施工;
(5)施工五分部:负责边(引)桥P39墩(不含P39墩)—A2台桩基、承台、墩柱、箱梁悬浇、箱梁预应力、桥面系及附属工程施工。
每个施工分部根据自身施工内容及特点下设施工作业队，具体情况如下: (1)施工一分部:下设桩基、承台、墩柱、箱梁现浇、箱梁预应力、引道路面、桥面系及附属工程6个施工作业队;
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(2)施工二分部:下设桩基、承台、墩柱、箱梁悬浇、箱梁预应力、桥面系及附属工程6个施工作业队;
(3)施工三分部:下设桩基、承台、索塔塔柱、箱梁悬浇、箱梁预应力、斜拉索、钢箱梁制作、钢箱梁安装、桥面系及附属工程8个施工作业队; (4)施工四分部:下设桩基、承台、墩柱、箱梁悬浇、箱梁预应力、桥面系及附属工程6个施工作业队;
(5)施工五分部:下设桩基、承台、墩柱、箱梁悬浇、箱梁预应力、桥面系及附属工程6个施工作业队。
1.3.2施工资源配置
(1)施工设备配置与周转
烈屿端、金门端引桥:
?桩基:投入正循环冲孔钻机20台。
的引桥承台施工周期为:15?承台:投入双壁钢板桩围堰3套，采用此施工方法
天;
投入钢吊箱围堰2套，采用此施工方法的引桥承台施工周期为:20天。 ?墩柱:投入桥台模板1套，墩柱钢模板2套，其中墩柱以6m/节为单元进行施工。
?箱梁:投入移动模架1套，考虑周转1次，施工周期为:移动模架拼装、预压45天，箱梁节段移动模架现浇15天/孔，移动模架拆除15天。 烈屿端、金门端边桥:
?桩基:投入正循环冲孔钻机16台。
?承台:投入双壁钢板桩围堰1套，采用此施工方法的边桥承台施工周期为:15slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
天;
投入钢吊箱围堰1套，采用此施工方法的边桥承台施工周期为:30天。 ?墩柱:投入墩柱钢模板1套，其中墩柱以6m/节为单元进行施工。 ?箱梁:投入挂篮4套，考虑周转3次，投入边跨现浇支架1孔(L=41m)，考虑周转3次，投入边跨施工吊塔及吊架1座，施工周期为:每个0#块箱梁节段现浇施工周期为30天，每个1#块、2#块箱梁节段悬浇施工周期为15天(考虑挂篮拼装、预压)，其余每个箱梁节段悬浇施工周期为7天，每个合拢段箱梁节段吊架施工周期为10天，每个边跨箱梁节段支架现浇施工周期为30天。 主桥:
?桩基:投入正循环冲孔钻机32台。
?承台:投入钢吊箱围堰2套，采用此施工方法的主桥承台施工周期为:30天。 ?塔柱:投入塔柱钢模板4套，考虑周转2次，300t.m塔吊5部，人行电梯10部。
?箱梁:投入挂篮4套，考虑周转2次，同时将本桥段4套挂篮改造成4套300t桥面吊机(起吊高度50m)，施工周期为:每个0#块箱梁节段现浇施工周期为30天，每个1#块、2#块箱梁节段悬浇施工周期为15天(考虑挂篮拼装、预压)，其余每个箱梁节段(扣除含外置斜拉索箱梁节段)悬浇施工周期为7天，每个含外置斜拉索箱梁节段悬浇施工周期为10天，每个边跨箱梁节段支架现浇施工周期为30天，每个合拢段钢箱梁吊装施工(含钢箱梁运输)周期为5天。 ?钢箱梁制作、拼装:钢箱梁制作、拼装场地改建施工周期为120天，钢箱梁板单元加工180天，钢箱梁场地制作、拼装施工周期656天。其中每个钢箱梁节段场地制作施工周期为10天，每个合拢段钢箱梁场地拼装施工周期为10天。 slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(2)施工操作人员配置
桩基施工作业队:每台桩基配置6人，其中卷扬机工2人，电焊工2人，混凝土工1人，普工1人。
承台施工作业队:每套双壁钢板桩围堰配置24人，其中模板工4人，钢筋工6人，混凝土工4人，起重工2人，机械工2人，普工6人;
每套钢吊箱围堰配置24人，其中模板工4人，钢筋工6人，混凝土工4人，起重工2人，机械工2人，普工6人。
墩柱施工作业队:每套模板配置12人，其中模板工4人，钢筋工4人，混凝土工2人，普工2人。
主桥塔柱施工作业队:每套模板配置16人，其中模板工6人，钢筋工4人，混凝土工2人，普工4人。
箱梁移动模架现浇施工作业队:每套移动模架配置65人，其中混凝土工10人，木工15人，钢筋工20人，起重工13人，机械工2人，张拉工5人。
箱梁挂篮悬浇施工作业队:每套挂篮配置16人，其中模板工4人，钢筋工4人，混凝土工4人，起重工1人，张拉工2人，普工1人。
钢箱梁制作、拼装施工作业队:配置49人，其中电焊工30人，起重工4人，普工15人。
钢箱梁吊装施工作业队:配置10人，其中起重工4人，吊装工4人，普工2人。 1.4施工总平面布置方案
本工程我项目部拟在桥梁烈屿端、金门端陆地上各租一场地约22000平方米建设项目经理部。
每个项目经理部设有1个混凝土拌和站，每个混凝土拌和站配置2台120m?slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
/h的搅拌机，2台400kw发电机，以供应烈屿端、金门端陆上、海上浅水区桥梁结构混凝土。
同时项目经理部内设有材料堆场、钢筋加工场、木工加工场、钢结构加工场、机械设备停放场、机械维修场、工地试验室、值班室、医务室、食堂、现场办公生活区,并配置2台630KVA的变压器。
钢箱梁制作场地拟在我单位位于厦门马銮湾的现有预制场的基础上进行改建。
1.5管理目标(质量目标、工期目标、安全目标)
1.5.1工期目标
本工程总工期为1583天(52个月)，开工日期暂定 2011年8月1日，完工
。 日期暂定2015年11月30日
1.5.2质量目标
本工程质量目标为:
(1)工程交工综合得分率大于90分，质量等级优良。
(2)质量控制总目标为以“一流的材料、一流的设备、一流的工艺、一流的管理”四个一流为准则，创国内一流水平。工程实体内实外美、质量安全可靠、经久耐用，功能上以人为本、方便使用，外观做到表面平整、线条直顺、棱角分明、色泽一致，与生态景观协调一致。
1.5.3安全目标
(1)职工伤亡事故:死亡率为0，重伤率为0;
(2)其他事故:万元以上的直接经济损失控制在年产值的0.4‰以下。
不发生重大生产安全、水上交通、道路交通责任事故，不发生重大责任火灾slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
事故。杜绝因管理不善而造成的机械设备、船舶机械交通运输、爆炸、火灾、中毒等重大事故。
第二章 主要项目施工方案
第一节 临时工程设计与施工
1.1海上钢栈桥结构设计与施工
本工程浅水区P5墩—P28墩、P37墩—P55墩桥段范围采用搭设施工钢栈桥作为施工通道的方式进行施工;深水区P29墩—P36墩桥段范围不搭设钢栈桥，采用配合施工船机方式进行施工。P5墩—P28墩钢栈桥全长1605m，P37墩—P55墩钢栈桥全长1050m。
1.1.1海上钢栈桥结构设计
(1)主要技术标准
?桥梁用途:满足金门大桥项目CJ02标施工使用的行车栈桥，使用寿命为至工程结束。
?设计单跨标准跨径9m，桥面净宽8.5m，与岸线连接的道路宽度8.5m。 ?设计行车速度:20km/h。
?设计荷载:? 9m3混凝土运输车(总重400KN)，? 500KN履带吊车，? 水管及电缆等荷载:2KN/m(挂在靠海侧的贝雷桁架上)。本设计未设人行道荷载，暂不考虑人群荷载。
?桥面标高:4.0m。
?设计风速:24.4m/s(9级风20.8,24.4m/s)。
?“321”装配式钢桥使用10排单层型(上承式)。
(2)钢栈桥结构形式
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
钢栈桥设计标准跨径为9m，每四孔为一联，每隔2孔设置1个制动墩，每一联布置3个制动墩和2个非制动墩。每个制动墩使用双排6根钢管桩，每个非制动墩使用单排3根钢管桩。
(3)钢栈桥材料组成
钢栈桥基础采用φ630×8mm钢管桩，钢管桩顶部设置2I36b工字钢主横梁，主横梁上设置10排321型贝雷片主纵梁(间距0.9m)，主纵梁上顺桥向设置I25a工字钢桥面横向分配梁(间距1.5m)，桥面横向分配梁上设置I14工字钢桥面纵向分配梁(间距0.3m)，桥面钢板采用δ=1cm花纹钢板，在钢栈桥上部结构各类纵、横梁间采用φ16mm骑马螺栓进行固定，同时在桥面花纹钢板上每隔60cm设置一道φ8mm防滑构造钢筋，确保钢栈桥的安全使用，提高钢栈桥结构的安全稳定性。
钢栈桥具体结构布置如下图所示:
abcde
钢栈桥立面图
(本图尺寸以mm计)
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
φ48mm@1500mm钢管扶手δ=1cm花纹钢面板且每路灯隔60cm设置一道φ8mmI14@300mm工字钢桥面纵向分配梁防滑构造钢筋I25a@1500mm工字钢桥面横向分配梁
321型贝雷片纵梁水管
电缆
2I36b工字钢横梁
[16a槽钢剪刀撑
φ630mmδ=8mm钢管桩
[16a槽钢横撑
钢栈桥横断面图
(本图尺寸以mm计) (4)钢栈桥使用注意事项
?严禁车辆超载、超速工作和行驶，不得在桥面上随意堆放材料及重物。 ?大于9级风时钢栈桥停止使用，过后必须对钢栈桥作全面检查后方可恢复工作。
?钢栈桥使用期必须经常检查栈桥状况，如有异常情况，必须查明原因，经处理后方可继续使用。
?严禁外来荷载碰撞栈桥，严禁在栈桥上进行船舶系缆。
1.1.2海上钢栈桥施工
本工程浅水区P5墩—P28墩钢栈桥全长1605m，按照每孔9m计算，共计179孔;P37墩—P55墩钢栈桥全长1050m，按照每孔9m计算，共计117孔。钢栈桥采用履带吊配备振动锤进行逐跨推进施打及铺设钢栈桥的方式(钓鱼法)进行施工， P5墩—P28墩、P37墩—P55墩分别从烈屿、金门方向向海中主桥方向同步slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
搭设钢栈桥。本工程计划投入2台50t履带吊，2台DZ90振动锤，2台120KW发电机用于钢栈桥施工。P5墩—P28墩179孔钢栈桥计划90天完成，P37墩—P55墩117孔钢栈桥计划60天完成。施工进度为:2孔/天。
1.1.2.1钢栈桥施工工艺流程
钢栈桥采用钢管桩加型钢横梁加贝雷纵梁和型钢分配梁的结构形式，面板采用δ=1cm的钢板。钢栈桥施工顺序为:钢管桩制作?钢管桩施工(打入、接桩)?I36b双排工字钢横梁制安?321型贝雷纵梁制安?横向联接剪刀撑、水平撑制安? I25a工字钢桥面横向分配梁制安? I14工字钢桥面纵向分配梁制安?φ16mm骑马螺栓安装?钢桥面板(厚1cm花纹钢板)铺设、固定?结点联接检查。 1.1.2.2钢管桩施工
(1)钢管桩制作:
?桩径规格为φ630mm，应符合下列规定:
钢管桩外形尺寸的允许偏差:
钢管桩的直径:?20mm 壁厚:?8mm
?钢管桩在制作接长时，应符合下列要求:
a、钢管桩接长时，两桩接头对口应保持在同一轴线上，多节拼接时应尽量减少累积误差。
b、钢管桩接长时，如管端椭圆度较大时，可利用辅助工具加以校正，相邻管桩对口板边高差不大于2mm。
c、钢管桩接长成型后的纵横弯曲矢高允许偏差不应大于桩长的0.2%。
d、钢管桩的接头，采用对焊焊接接头外加钢板帮焊。(周圈不得少于3处)
e、钢管桩接头的焊缝质量，必须能保证抵抗插打时各种荷载产生的应力及slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
变形。
f、钢管桩在堆放时，堆放形式和层数应安全可靠，避免产生纵向变形和局部弯曲变形。在起吊、运输过程中尽量避免碰撞引起管身变形或损伤，并应设防滚措施。
(2)钢管桩插打:
根据本工程地质情况，作业环境和施工作业能力，浅水区P5墩—P28墩、P37墩—P55墩同时分别从烈屿、金门方向向海中主桥方向采用履带吊配备振动锤进行逐跨推进施打。
钢管桩由半挂车从材料堆场或现场租用场地运至施工现场，在钢管桩施工前做好测量控制点的交接和核对工作，施工中钢管桩使用前方交会法定位。钢管桩以最终贯入度控制为主(控制贯入度2cm/min)且入土深度以90型振动锤激振下不下沉为止，单桩承载力不小于91t，桩尖标高为校对，当控制标高和贯入度相差较大时，及时查明原因。
? 钢管桩的桩位，应根据测量组所放样的中心位置，并保护好标记。 轴线定位允许偏差:
单桩的纵横轴线位置:?10cm
两桩之间的中心间距:?10cm
竖直度:1%
? 根据现场施工环境，确定钢管桩插打顺序，以施工方便为宜钢管桩插打以控制贯入度为主，设计深度作为校核。
a、钢桥钢管桩设计插打:
控制贯入度(cm/min):2cm/min
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
采用吊机配备振动沉拔桩锤施工
b、设计钢管桩桩顶面标高按照设计要求进行施工，依设计标高对各桩进行接长或切割。
c、当贯入度达到控制贯入度，桩底标高达到设计标高，应连续复打3次，每次停锤2分钟，方可停止。当贯入度达到控制贯入度，而桩底标高未达到设计标高，应继续打入10cm左右，并连续复打3次，每次停锤2分钟，若无异常变化，方可停止。若比设计标高高得多时，应及时与技术人员商定，并报监理、业主、质检站、设计研究确定。
d、当桩底已达到设计标高，而贯入度仍较大时，应继续插打，使其贯入度达到控制贯入度。
插打前，每根钢管桩上应作好长度标记线，以便显示桩的入土深度。 ?
? 插打前，应检查桩中心与振动设备中心是否一致，桩位、垂直度是否符合要求。
? 插打前，应严格控制桩位及垂直度，在插打过程中，不得使用顶、拉桩头或墩柱办法来纠编，以防接头开裂并增加桩身附加力矩。
? 开始插打时宜用自重下沉，待桩身有足够稳定性后，采用振动下沉。
? 每根桩的插打作业，应一次性完成，中途停顿不宜过久，以免土的摩阻力恢复，继续插打困难。
? 在插打过程中，若发生以下情况，应立即暂停。
a、贯入度发生急剧变化;
b、桩身突然倾斜或振动时有严重回弹;
c、桩周地面有严重隆起或下沉;
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
d、振动设备振幅有异常现象。
1.1.2.3工字钢横梁施工
每一跨钢管桩施工完毕后，立即按设计标高修平钢管，并且及时焊接桩顶钢板，用I36b双排工字钢横梁对钢管桩进行横向联接，剪刀撑和水平撑的联接。I36b双排工字钢横梁在施工现场陆上焊接加劲肋和联接板，形成整体后用吊机进行安装，并注意与钢管桩的桩顶钢板焊牢。
1.1.2.4贝雷纵梁(321)型施工
岸侧贝雷纵梁在施工现场以每组2排，每排3片进行拼装，50t履带吊安装， U型卡及时联接卡紧，每跨贝雷纵梁共有5组，两组之间用90型的支撑架进行连接，[16a槽钢剪刀撑和水平撑严格按设计和规范施工。
1.1.2.5槽钢、工字钢分配梁及钢桥面板施工
在贝雷纵梁顶面设置间距为1.5m 的I25a工字钢桥面横向分配梁及间距为0.3m的I14工字钢桥面纵向分配梁以分配桥面荷载，并在I14工字钢分配梁顶面铺设δ=1cm花纹钢板桥面层，防止车辆在行驶时打滑，钢板顶面铺焊φ8mm防滑构造钢筋，间距为60cm。
为确保施工人员作业安全，在平台四周设置安全防护栏杆，防护栏杆高1.0m，立柱采用φ48mm×3.5mm钢管，钢管与平台面板焊接，立柱间设两道φ48mm×3.5mm钢管平联。
1.1.2.6检查
在施工时，注意对桥台和321钢桥联接处进行加固处理。应特别注意检查321钢桥剪刀撑的联接是否严格按设计施工。
本桥为临时便桥，桥上限速20km/h，一次仅允许通过一辆吊车(总重?50t)，slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
建成通车后根据相关使用手册作好日常维护工作。
钢栈桥搭设施工步骤图
搭设步骤:
1、浅水区P5墩—P28墩、P37墩—P55墩同时分别从烈屿、金门方向向海中主桥方向推进，搭设第一跨连接栈桥。履带吊机在已架设首跨栈桥上就位，起吊钢管桩，与振动锤连接后，使钢管桩振动下沉。
2、履带吊机吊起已预拼好的两组9m贝雷片，与安装好的贝雷梁销接就位，在前方墩顶处悬臂1m，然后铺设桥面横、纵梁及桥面钢板，完成一跨栈桥的铺设。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
3、履带吊机向前行进至铺好的栈桥跨的前部墩顶就位，继续施工下一跨。 1.2海上钻孔钢平台结构设计与施工
本工程浅水区P5墩—P28墩、P37墩—P55墩桥段范围钻孔桩施工前，采用利用已建钢栈桥在墩位处从钢栈桥侧面引出搭建钻孔施工钢平台的方式进行施工;深水区P29墩—P36墩采用在打桩船已插打到位的全套管上设置钢牛腿搭建施工钢平台的方式进行施工。
1.2.1浅水区海上钻孔钢平台结构设计
(1)钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台顶面标高
根据本工程桥位区水位变化，为了不影响本工程钻孔灌注桩的正常施工，本工程钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台的顶面标高确定原则具体为:钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台顶面标高?桥位区高水位+钻孔灌注桩施工时套管内外水头差，同时考虑施工钢栈桥的具体标高，钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台的顶面标高为与施工钢栈桥顶面标高大致一致。
(2)钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台结构形式及材料组成
本工程钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台的主要结构形式为:支撑钢管桩基础加型钢横梁、下层型钢平撑与剪刀撑、上层贝雷主梁、型钢分配梁与钢板面层和安全防护栏杆。
钢平台基础钢管桩采用φ630×8mm钢管，主横梁采用2I36b工字钢，主纵梁采用321型贝雷梁，钢平台面横向分配梁采用I25a工字钢(间距1.5m)，钢平台面纵向分配梁采用I14工字钢(间距0.3m)，钢平台面采用δ=1cm花纹钢板。
钻孔钢平台支撑钢管桩设置横向和纵向平撑与剪刀撑，平撑与剪刀撑采用,16a槽钢与,20槽钢，目的是提高钢平台整体性和稳定性。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
为确保施工作业及操作人员安全，在平台四周设置安全防护栏杆，防护栏杆高1.0m，立柱采用φ48mm×3.5mm钢管，钢管与平台面板焊接，立柱间设两道φ48mm×3.5mm钢管平联。同时在钢平台面δ=1cm花纹钢板顶面铺焊φ8防滑构造钢筋，间距为60cm。
1.2.2浅水区海上钻孔钢平台施工
本工程浅水区P5墩—P28墩桥段共计搭设钻孔钢平台24个，P37墩—P55墩桥段共计搭设钻孔钢平台19个，钢平台施工时拟采用位于钢栈桥上的50t履带吊配DZ90振动锤插打海上钢平台基础钢管桩，并铺设海上钢平台，两个桥段钢平台同步施工。本工程计划投入2台50t履带吊，2台DZ90振动锤，2台120KW发电机，2艘1000t驳船(材料运输)用于海上钢平台施工。P5墩—P28墩桥段
—P55墩桥段19个海上钢平台计划9524个海上钢平台计划120天完成，P37墩
天完成。施工进度为:5天/个。
1.2.2.1钢平台施工工艺流程
钢平台施工顺序为:钢管桩制作?钢管桩施工(打入、接桩)?I36b双排工字钢横梁制安?321型贝雷纵梁制安?横向联接剪刀撑、水平撑制安? I25a工字钢分配梁制安?I14工字钢分配梁制安?φ16mm骑马螺栓安装?钢桥面板(厚1cm花纹钢板)铺设、固定?结点联接检查
1.2.2.2钢平台基础钢管桩施工
钢平台钢管桩制作，施工工艺流程是: 钢管桩划线下料? 压头和卷板?拼接成圆与纵缝焊接?拼接?成桩、探伤与防腐。
由于本工程钢管桩用量较大，我部对钢管桩进行工厂加工，汽车和船舶运至施工现场。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
钢平台钢管桩沉放:
根据本工程的地质水文情况、施工条件及工期要求，我部将选用采用50T履带吊机配备DZ90振动沉拔桩锤进行水上沉桩施工。钢管桩施沉前，根据桩位图计算每一根桩中心的平面座标，同时确定好沉桩顺序，防止先施打的桩妨碍后序桩的施工。
1.2.2.3钢平台型钢平撑与剪刀撑施工
本工程钢平台型钢平撑与剪刀撑采用[16a槽钢与[20槽钢进行连接，目的是提高平台整体稳定，增加全套管下沉时导向长度。以形成群桩基础。
在钻孔平台的支撑钢管桩打设结束，即进行钢管桩之间的平联及上部结构施工。水平钢管联撑的施工尽量趁低水位进行。
1.2.2.4钢平台上部结构施工
本工程钻孔桩施工钢平台上部结构包括:桩顶横梁、贝雷纵梁、分配梁、面板、栏杆等。
桩顶横梁为常规施工。施工完后与其下层结构均有可靠连接。横梁顶贝雷纵梁在岸上拼装后利用吊机直接吊装，根据施工顺序从岸边往海中逐孔推进。
贝雷纵梁施工完成后在其上铺设分配梁，贝雷纵梁与分配梁之间均设计有可靠的连接，以防因施工荷载而引起相对滑移，危及人员和设备的安全。
在整个平台面上铺设面板封闭，以保证钻孔桩施工期间的安全。 1.2.3深水区海上钻孔钢平台设计与施工
(1)钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台顶面标高
根据本工程桥位区水位变化，为了不影响本工程钻孔灌注桩的正常施工，本工程钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台的顶面标高确定原则具体为:钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
顶面标高?桥位区高水位+钻孔灌注桩施工时套管内外水头差。 (2)钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台结构形式及材料组成
本工程钻孔灌注桩施工钢平台的主要结构形式为:桥梁钻孔桩全套管加钢牛腿、上层贝雷主梁、型钢分配梁与钢板面层和安全防护栏杆。
钢平台基础钢管桩利用桥梁钻孔桩φ250cm/φ200cm/φ150cm全套管，牛腿采用2I36b工字钢与δ=2cm钢板型钢组焊件，主梁采用321型贝雷梁，钢平台面横向分配梁采用I25a工字钢(间距1.5m)，钢平台面纵向分配梁采用I14工字钢(间距0.3m)，钢平台面采用δ=1cm花纹钢板。
钻孔钢平台φ250cm/φ200cm/φ150cm全套管间设置横向和纵向平撑与剪刀撑，平撑与剪刀撑采用,16a槽钢与,20槽钢，目的是提高钢平台整体性和稳定性。
为确保施工作业及操作人员安全，在平台四周设置安全防护栏杆，防护栏杆高1.0m，立柱采用φ48mm×3.5mm钢管，钢管与平台面板焊接，立柱间设两道φ48mm×3.5mm钢管平联。同时在钢平台面δ=1cm花纹钢板顶面铺焊φ8防滑构造钢筋，间距为60cm。
1.2.2深水区海上钻孔钢平台施工
本工程深水区P29墩—P36墩桥段共计搭设钻孔钢平台8个。钢平台施工时拟采用打桩船插打在墩位处插打桥梁钻孔桩全套管，在合理潮位时焊接桥梁钻孔桩全套管管壁上钢牛腿组焊件，利用1艘1000t驳船上的2台80t履带吊铺设海上钢平台，同时使用1艘1000t驳船从P37墩处临时出运码头运输钢平台所需材料。本工程计划投入1艘打桩船，2部80t履带吊，2艘1000t驳船用于海上钢平台施工。P29墩—P36墩桥段8个钢平台计划80天完成。施工进度为:钢平台slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
搭设平均每个10天(其中插打桥梁钻孔桩全套管3天，钢牛腿组焊件焊接4天，全套管管间连接系支撑杆件加固1天，钢平台上部结构铺设2天)。
打桩船插打墩位基础位置处桥梁钻孔桩全套管前，应在墩位基础位置处海床
3表面抛填方量V,1m用地工织物袋装的“e”卵石,待全套管打设完成后再铺设堤心石及“C”块石，以防止全套管基础被淘刷。
1.3海上临时出运码头设计与施工
本工程在P37墩处设置临时出运码头，其结构形式、施工方法与钢栈桥、钢平台一致，深水区P29墩—P36墩的施工原材供给需从金门端的施工场地通过钢栈桥及P37墩处的临时出运码头转运至各施工工点。
1.4钢箱梁制作场地建设
本工程主桥钢箱梁制作场地拟在我公司厦门马銮湾预制场的基础上进行改建，改建时需根据本工程主桥钢箱梁的跨径、重量对预制场既有650T门机规格型号进行技术改造及增加一定数量门机设备，并改建一定数量的底胎膜，改建后的钢箱梁制作场地共设钢箱梁制作与拼装、钢箱梁存放及出运2条生产线，并设置钢箱梁涂装车间。钢箱梁出运利用预制场既有出运码头。
第二节 桥梁钻孔桩、承台、墩柱、主塔塔柱施工 2.1桥梁钻孔桩施工
据本工程地质条件及桩基入土要求，金门大桥CJ02标段φ1.5m、φ2.0m、φ2.5m直径桩基均采用正循环冲击式桩机成孔，第二次清孔采用反循环清孔，用垂直导管法灌注水下砼的施工方案。海上钻孔灌注桩采取先搭设海上钻孔钢平台，再进行钻孔灌注桩施工。
具体的施工方法和技术措施说明如下:
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
2.1.1施工机具的选择
(1)钻机
本工程桩基拟选择正循环冲击式桩机。如遇地质情况突变或与地质剖面图有较大出入时，报请监理和设计院处理。对图纸提供的地质资料不全的，认真做好钻孔记录。
(2)混凝土的运输工具
于烈屿端、金门端陆上混凝土拌和站提供，采陆上及海上浅水区混凝土由位
3用混凝土运输车运输，每车最大容量为8m。深水区采用海上混凝土搅拌船拌制和输送混凝土。
2.1.2钻孔灌注桩全套管沉放施工
(1)钻孔灌注桩全套管沉放标高控制
? 钻孔灌注桩全套管顶标高的确定
为确保在此水位不影响本工程钻孔灌注桩的正常施工，即确保钻孔施工时孔内水位高于最高施工水位1.0,2.0m以上。
?钻孔灌注桩全套管底标高的确定
全套管按照设计管长要求须打入土层中足够的深度，必须穿过淤泥层和砂质层，以保证钻孔桩施工期间套管底口不出现反穿孔现象，同时为确保钻孔灌注桩施工期间全套管的稳定性。
为保证套管下沉过程中的强度及刚度，在套管外侧刃脚及每隔2m的间距加焊一道宽20cm×δ14mm钢板加强箍。同时，为便于套管的打设，将套管刃脚部分加工成刃形，加强板的下端加工成流线形，减少套管与地层间的摩阻力;在每节套管内的钢板加强处均加焊内十字撑，保证套管施工过程中的刚度，以免变形，slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
十字撑每两米设置一道，在套管吊起前将其割除。
(2)钻孔灌注桩全套管的沉放施工
? 沉放工艺的选择
因本工程桩基础直径较大、桩身较长，施工期间钻孔桩全套管偏位及其倾斜度将直接影响到桩身偏位与桩身倾斜度，并将最终影响到本工程的内在质量，为此结合本工程现场的水文气象条件，本工程陆上A1台—P4墩桥段、A2台钻孔桩全套管插打前先用人工或冲孔机在桩位掘进一定的深度，然后埋设开口全套管筒，埋设全套管时使套管中心与其设计中心位置重合，最后采用履带吊吊挂振动锤按吊打工艺沉放全套管，待全套管位置插打到位后周围用粘土填实，防止全套管在成孔过程中移动;海上浅水区P5墩—P28墩桥段、P37墩—P55墩桥段钻孔
平台上的履带吊吊挂振动锤桩全套管拟采用“预沉放导向架，后再由位于施工钢
沿预沉到位的导向架按吊打工艺沉放全套管”的工艺进行施工;海上深水区P29墩—P36墩桥段钻孔桩全套管直接采用打桩船通过GPS定位进行插打施工。
施工期间为确保全套管插打的稳定性及防治海床的淘刷，在桥梁钻孔桩全套管插打前，在墩位基础位置处海床面上抛填地工织袋装“e”卵石，待全套管打设完成后再铺设堤心石及“C”块石。
?海上浅水区P5墩—P28墩桥段、P37墩—P55墩导向架的设计与制作
、导向架的功能 a
在全套管沉放施工时，导向架起导向限位的作用，确保全套管能沿着精确定位到位的导向架入土下沉，从而确保全套管的平面位置及垂直度。
b、导向架的结构设计
为确保全套管在沉放施工时，当其未进入嵌固点前，在水流力作用下能确保slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
其结构的稳定性及结构强度，本工程全套管沉放导向架拟采用型钢组焊件，为减少水阻力，导向架制作成桁架结构。
c、钻孔灌注桩全套管沉放设备的配置
全套管由柴油液压振动锤吊打沉放，本工程拟选用DZ90型振动锤进行施工。
? 钻孔灌注桩全套管沉放施工
a、导向架就位
测量测放出导向架的平面位置，然后导向架就位，调整导向架的垂直度。上
0层导向架顶部采用手拉葫芦与平台成30左右在四个方向固定，并调节，上层导向架与平台间采用螺栓或焊接连接，下层导向架与平台上、下层平联焊接固定。
b、全套管起吊、就位并临时固定
用起重吊机吊起全套管，使全套管垂直，然后打开导向架的开口销，全套管缓慢进入导向架内，上好锁口拉杆，施工期间优先选择在平潮或流速较小时将全套管缓慢下沉，直至入土稳定。待全套管下沉稳定后，方能脱钩。
c、 振动锤安装并振动下沉
安放振动锤时，先将液压钳对位，而后夹住套管，缓慢松钩，并测量其垂直度，然后进行点振，只有在测量观测全套管的垂直度与平面位置均满足要求后，方能进行，直至全套管沉放到位。套管安放要穿透淤泥层和砂层，当一次沉放到位有困难时，可采用边成孔边接长套管的办法。
(3)钻孔灌注桩全套管沉放施工的精度要求
为确保钻孔灌注桩的施工质量，本工程钻孔桩全套管的沉放精度需满足设计及规范要求。
2.1.3钻孔灌注桩成孔施工
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(1)钻孔工艺概述
本工程钻孔灌注桩施工采取“泥浆护壁、冲击结合本工程现场的实际情况，
式桩机锤击进孔”的工艺进行施工。
本工程所采用的为冲击式桩机，其原理是通过卷扬系统提升冲击锤上下反复冲击，将钻孔中的土、石劈裂、破碎或挤入孔壁中，用泥浆悬浮钻渣，使冲击钻能经常冲击到新的土(岩)层;另外利用反循环的方法带走钻渣排出孔外。
针对本工程桩基钻孔深度较深，其地质情况也比较复杂，且钻孔施工时套管内外水头差受水位影响较大，钻进过程中易出现塌孔、漏浆等现象，为此在施工过程中结合所选工艺，另需注意控制好如下施工环节:
? 根据地质分层的不同特点，配置优质护壁泥浆。
根据地质分层的不同特点，选择合适的钻进方式，并控制好钻进速度。 ?
? 密切观测水位变化，确保套管内水位比套管外高1.0,2.0m以上。
? 定时对孔内泥浆进行检测，保证孔内泥浆性能指标符合要求，达到良好的护壁效果。
? 制订严密的防止掉钻、塌孔的技术保证和处理措施，严格按施工预案组织实施。
(2)泥浆制备及泥浆循环
泥浆制备
在正式开钻之前进行泥浆配比试验，选用不同产地的钙基膨润土和不同比例的水、膨润土、碱等进行试配，选择泥浆各项指标最优的泥浆配比，用于正式钻孔桩施工中。泥浆的制备在钻孔桩周边利用全套管作为的泥浆池上进行。
泥浆循环
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
钻孔开始前通过制浆系统，将待钻孔内灌满已经配制的泥浆;钻孔施工时，用3PN泥浆泵不断地将储浆池内的泥浆泵送至钻孔桩全套管内，进行补充，以保证全套管内桩机排出的泥浆和泥浆循环系统供应的泥浆保持平衡。
桩机排出的泥浆中携带着钻孔的钻渣，为使泥浆循环利用，本工程每台桩机均拟配置1台泥浆净化器对泥浆进行净化处理。泥浆经泥浆净化器处理，使直径在0.074mm以上的土颗粒筛分流至储渣筒内，经处理后的泥浆通过输浆管流入钻孔内循环使用，钻渣则转运至泥驳，运输至弃土点。
钻进过程中应定时测定泥浆性能指标，当发现泥浆性能满足不了规范要求时，须及时加入添加剂对泥浆性能进行调整。
(3)冲击成孔
桩机安装、调试及移位 ?
根据平台上所测设的桩位，由吊机将桩机吊装就位，并找平，经测量检查后，将桩机与平台或套管进行固定、限位，保证桩机在钻进过程中不产生位移。另外，在桩机施工时间超过4小时或怀疑桩机有歪斜时均要进行基座检测和调平。
桩机安装就位后，需对桩机进行各部件调试和检测，包括对桩架整体性和稳定性的检查调试;各种电路、电机和其它用电设备的检查调试;桩锤、钢丝绳的检查调试;起动和制动设备的检查调试等。
桩机施工期间主要利用吊机和浮吊进行移位。
? 冲击成孔
a、 钻孔准备
钻孔灌注桩因其施工的特殊性，钻孔时可能遇到的不确定因素较多，为此钻孔桩开孔前需制定详细可行的施工作业指导书，具体应包括施工工艺，开孔前的slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
设备检修、人员培训与组织，桩机、料斗、泥浆循环系统、混凝土供应系统、自发电系统等机具、材料的准备与落实，事故处理预案，质量、安全保证措施等。
b、钻进方法
开孔前，应绘制钻孔地质剖面图，开孔时采取低锤勤击，防止倒锤，根据不同土层选择与之相适应的进尺和转速，具体为:
淤泥层成孔:淤泥性质为流动性较大的不饱和状态，要求低锤勤击，防止倒锤，造成孔径过大或过小，及时清浆降低泥浆浓度。
砂层:适当提高泥浆浓度，落锤高度不宜太高，否则可能造成孔壁倾斜。
粘土层:要求泥浆浓度较稀，落锤高度不宜太高，并及时清浆降低泥浆浓度，以免卡锤。
强风化、弱风化、微风化岩层:当孔深达岩层时，应检查锤牙、锤体是否完好，确保工程进度、质量、避免卡锤等事故的发生。当岩面倾斜度较大时，必须往孔内回填适量硬度与岩石接近的毛石或碎石，直至将岩石面修平为止，这种工作往往需要多次回填才能完成。在冲钻岩层时必须注意及时清孔，保持一定的泥浆浓度，这样既可加快施工进度，又可保证孔的垂直度。
钻进过程随时注意向孔内补充浆液，维持孔内的水头高度，以确保高于套管外水面1,2m以上。
c、第一次清孔
终孔后，及时进行清孔，清孔时孔内水位高于孔外水位1.5~2.0m。清孔时将钻具提离孔底约30,50cm，缓慢收放锤具，补充优质泥浆，进行反循环清孔，同时保持孔内水头，防止塌孔。当经检测孔底沉渣厚度满足设计要求后，且清孔后孔内泥浆指标符合要求后，及时停机收起钻锤、移走桩机，尽快进行成桩施工。slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
本阶段钻孔泥浆指标具体详见下表:
一次清孔后泥浆性能指标一览表
项目名称 PH值 比重 粘度(s) 胶体率 失水率 含砂率 指 标 8,10 1.05,1.10 22,25 96%以上 20%以下 2%以内
d、确保钻孔成孔质量的措施
鉴于本工程钻孔灌注桩桩径大、深度大、地质条件差，桩基础处的粘土层厚，成孔施工难度大，为保证成孔率，为此本工程钻进成孔时将主要采取如下措施:
i)、将采用优质护壁泥浆，并使用与钻孔直径相匹配的冲击锤头，以正循环工艺钻进成孔。
ii)、钻孔作业应连续操作不能中途无故停机，严格交接班责任制度，认真细致地做好施工原始记录。
iii)、准确地反映钻进进尺和地质层次的地质属性，定时对钻孔泥浆进行比重、粘度检测，定期检查锤头磨损情况，必要时进行修补或更换。
iv)、钻孔出渣过程中时刻注意孔内水头损失，及时补浆以免水头压力降低对孔壁的安全带来不利影响。确保孔径不小于设计值。
v) 、锤头提升或下放时应保持较慢的匀速工作，避免因摆幅加大，锤头挂拉损伤孔壁。
(4)套管内壁清理及成孔检测
? 为了使桩身混凝土与套管直接接触，并保证桩身的有效直径，使套管与桩身混凝土结合为整体，需对套管内壁的泥皮以及淤泥进行清理。
? 当钻孔至设计标高后，并经检测泥浆性能满足要求后，即采用江苏省地震工程研究院生产的NM,4A型检孔仪进行孔径、垂直度及孔壁的检查，施工时slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
严禁使用超钻加深钻孔的方法代替清孔。
(5)成孔施工注意事项
? 当钻孔至接近全套管底口位置1,2m左右时，启动泥浆循环系统，置换孔内泥浆，待钻头钻出套管底口5,6m后，再恢复正常工作状态。
? 钻孔过程随时注意往孔内补充浆液，维持孔内的水头高度。孔内泥浆面任何时候均应高于套管外水面1.0~2.0m以上。
? 升降锤具应平稳，尤其是当钻头处于套管底口位置时，必须谨慎操作、防止锤头钩挂套管，避免冲撞全套管扰动钻孔孔壁。
? 成孔过程应连续操作，不得中途长时间停止，尽可能缩短成孔周期。 详细、真实、准确地填写钻孔原始记录，钻进中发现异常情况及时上报处理。
钻至设计孔深并经过监理确认后，开始清孔。考虑到提锤和钢筋笼下放?
时间较长，第一次清孔应彻底。现场应快速的提锤、移开桩机、检测孔形、下放钢筋笼、布设混凝土浇注平台和下导管，在混凝土浇注前检测孔底沉渣厚度，若孔底沉渣厚度大于规范和设计要求，则利用导管进行二次清孔。 2.1.4钻孔灌注桩钢筋工程施工
(1)钢筋笼制作
本工程钻孔桩钢筋笼在施工营地内下料，分节同槽按“加劲筋成型长线法”制作。本工程钻孔桩钢筋笼制作时，按照设计要求做好定位圈，标出主筋位置，然后将主筋依次电焊在加劲筋上，要确保主筋与加劲筋相互垂直、不变形，并在加劲筋上焊Φ32“?”形钢筋内支撑。同时制作吊装衬套、吊具，加强钢筋笼顶端的承受力。主筋间均采用机械接头进行连接，每个断面接头数量不大于50%，相临接头断面间距不小于1.5m。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
钢筋笼分段加工制作完成后，要求存放在平整、干燥的场地上。存放时，分不同桩孔号、不同节段进行分类编号，并将钢筋笼垫高以免粘上泥土。
为防止钢筋笼运输及吊安过程中变形，每节端头用?75×75×5角钢箍加强，同时在钢筋笼内环加强圈处用φ32钢筋加焊“?”形内支撑，待钢筋笼起吊至孔口时，将“?”字形支撑割去。
为对成桩质量进行检测，钢筋笼制作时需按设计要求对称布置声测管，声测管通过定位钢筋定位，与钢筋笼的主筋焊接固定。声测管均以丝扣连接，安装时需向管内注水检测其是否密封。检测管底、顶端口用钢板密封，严禁泥浆或水泥浆进入管内，确保混凝土灌注后管道畅通。
(2)钢筋笼运输
根据前场需要，加工好并按安装要求分节、分类编号的钢筋笼通过平板车或驳船运至现场。
(3)钢筋笼安放
为节省成孔的等待时间，加快成孔后钢筋笼的安装速度，钢筋笼根据桩长分节进行孔内吊安施工。
为保证钢筋笼起吊时不变形，采用长吊绳小夹角的方法减小水平分力，钢筋笼顶端、根部均采用2根等长钢丝绳设4个吊点进行吊装，起吊时吊机主、副钩同时作业，主钩先起吊顶部吊点，副钩后起吊根部吊点，使平卧变为斜吊，根部
。离开地面时，顶端吊点迅速起吊到90后，拆除根部吊点及木垫垂直吊其入孔安装。
钢筋笼下放前，在主筋及箍筋上绑扎钢筋混凝土垫块，以确保钢筋笼保护层厚度，下放时应速度缓慢，防止碰撞孔壁。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
为加快钢筋笼对接速度，钢筋笼制作时预先将50%接头安装好连接器，另外50%错开断面的接头，在孔口采用导向器进行钢筋笼对接，钢筋连接均采用机械接头。
钢筋笼安装下放后，用型钢将钢筋笼固定在套管上，以承受钢筋笼自重和防止混凝土灌注过程中钢筋笼上浮，固定后应确保钢筋骨架与孔中心线基本吻合，不会发生倾斜和位移。
(4)钢筋笼制安要求
本工程钻孔桩钢筋笼的制作与安放施工时的要求如下:
? 制作钢筋笼时，严格按照设计图纸和规范要求执行，并需根据施工工艺在钢筋笼上端均匀设置吊环或固定杆。
在钢筋笼的接长、安放过程中，始终须保持骨架垂直;钢筋笼接长采用?
机械接头连接，每节接长应保证顺直度，且接头牢固可靠，同一断面接头数量不超过总根数的二分之一。
采用机械接头连接的钢筋，两端的螺牙经加工完后一端立即装上连接接头，另一端必须安好护套。
? 钢筋笼制作时，每根桩须同时设置4根作超声波检测用的钢导管,检测管全部伸到桩底，检测管通过定位钢筋定位，与钢筋笼的主筋焊接固定。
检测管均以丝扣连接，安装时需向管内注水检测其是否密封。
检测管底、顶端口用钢板密封，严禁泥浆或水泥浆进入管内，确保混凝土灌注后管道畅通。
2.1.5钻孔灌注桩混凝土工程施工
(1)导管安装
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
钢筋笼下放到位并固定后，立即下放导管。本工程导管拟采用Φ325×12mm钢管制成，接头为丝扣接头。
导管使用前须进行水密性试验及接头抗拉试验，接头抗拉强度不低于母材强度，水密性试验水压不小于1.5MPa。导管下放前检查每根导管是否干净、畅通以及止水“O”型密封圈的完好性。
为了节省成孔的等待时间，加快成孔后导管的安装速度，导管在钢筋笼下放完毕，根据桩长情况分节进行安装。施工时，由施工平台上所配备的吊机或浮吊进行孔内吊安施工。
导管逐段吊装接长、垂直下放，直至距孔底40cm为止，导管接长时通过两根I字钢加工而成的活动卡悬挂。
(2)二次清孔
混凝土导管安放完后，再次检查孔底沉渣厚度，在混凝土灌注前要把桩底沉渣清除干净，由于本工程均为嵌岩桩，其桩底沉渣厚度应不大于5cm，如不满足要求，则利用导管进行二次清孔直至合格。
根据本工程桥梁钻孔桩采用花岗岩作为持力层的特点，二次清孔采用气举反循环法以提高清孔效率。
气举反循环清孔是利用空压机的压缩空气，通过安装在导管内的风管送至桩孔内，高压气与泥浆混合，在导管内形成一种密度小于泥浆的浆气混合物，浆气混合物因其比重小而上升，在导管内混合器底端形成负压，下面的泥浆在负压的作用下上升，并在气压动量的联合作用下，不断补浆，上升至混合器的泥浆与气体形成气浆混合物后继续上升，从而形成流动，因为导管的内断面积大大小于导管外壁与桩壁间的环状断面积，便形成了流速、流量极大的反循环，携带沉渣从slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
导管内反出，排出导管以外。
二次清孔时每根桩投入空压机一套、风管一套。该风管在二次清孔时安装在导管内，故导管上部相应增加连接阀门，风管下部是气浆混合器。反循环工艺导致沉渣从导管内反出，导管上部增加三通一套，排至接渣篮。
清孔结束经监理工程师现场检验合格后，立即拆除清孔设备，开始浇注水下混凝土。
(3)水下混凝土灌注
? 混凝土浇筑
a、本工程所用的混凝土均采用厂拌混凝土。浇筑前根据配合比和混凝土方量备好充足的砂、石、水泥、外加剂等原材料，保养好设备，保证混凝土浇筑不间断。
b、混凝土首批方量的确定
钻孔灌注桩施工时首批混凝土的数量应能满足导管初次埋置深度不小于1.0m和填充导管底部间隙的需要。
c、首批混凝土灌注
首批混凝土浇筑采用隔水栓拔球法施工，当集料斗内混凝土方量达到首批方量后，开启大集料斗斗门，当小料斗内灌满混凝土后立即吊出木塞，使隔水栓随导管内混凝土下落，同时保持大集料斗的储料不间断地通过小料斗和导管灌注至水下，从而完成首批混凝土的灌注。
导管底口至桩孔底端的间距按0.4m控制。在整个灌注过程中，出料口应伸入先前灌注的混凝土内至少2m，以防止泥浆及水冲入管内，且不得大于6m。
d、混凝土灌注施工
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
首批混凝土灌注成功后，混凝土经泵送，不断地通过集料斗、浇筑料斗及导管灌注至水下，直至完成整根桩的浇筑。
为防止钢筋骨架上浮，当灌注的混凝土底面距钢筋骨架底部1 m左右时，降低混凝土的灌注速度，当混凝土拌和物上升到骨架底口4m以上时，提升导管，使其底口高于骨架底部2m以上恢复正常速度。
在混凝土浇注时保持套管内泥浆面高于水位1,2m。
混凝土灌注过程中，随时测量混凝土面的高度，正确计算导管埋入混凝土深度，导管埋深严格控制在2,6m范围内，当导管埋深超过此范围时，及时拆卸导管。
为确保桩顶混凝土强度，混凝土灌注时，其顶面要超浇一定高度，即比设计标高高出0.5,1.0m左右，多余部分在承台施工前凿除，桩头应无松散层。
混凝土灌注过程中按要求认真做好记录。当混凝土灌注临近结束时，核对混凝土的灌入数量，以确定所测混凝土的高度是否准确，并用测绳测出其准确高度。当确定混凝土的顶面标高到位后，停止灌注，及时拆除灌注导管。
? 混凝土浇注时的泥浆处理
孔内由混凝土置换出来的泥浆，经连通管流入其它待钻全套管回收利用;对于混凝土浇至桩顶以上部分含有水泥浆的废浆不能回收再利用，用砂石泵抽至舱驳内，运至附近码头，用泥浆泵通过布设的输送管道，将废浆排放到泥浆处理场内。
? 桩头凿除:待桩基混凝土强度达到设计强度的70,以上时，清除桩头松散混凝土并凿除超出设计标高的桩头。
2.1.6钻孔灌注桩桩身施工质量检测
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(1) 混凝土质量的检查和验收，按设计和规范规定的要求进行，每根桩试件组数一般不小于3组。
(2) 每根桩均按设计要求进行超声波无破损法检测。成桩后逐一进行检验，每根桩均埋设声测钢管(该项工作要在安放钢筋笼时同时完成)，声测管采用套筒丝扣或套筒焊接连接，保证声测管内壁平顺和密封，并采取防护措施，保证声测管在施工中不被堵塞。整理好有关资料,配合有关检测单位进行桩的质量检测，以便确定桩的完好性。
(3) 项目部现场配备能对全长桩钻取法70mm直径芯样的设备和经过训练的工作人员。
(4) 如果监理工程师对混凝土整体性检验有疑意，或在施工中遇到的任何异常情况，说明桩的质量可能低于要求的标准时，应采用钻取芯样法对3%,5%的桩(同时不小于2根)进行检测，以检验桩的混凝土灌注质量。
(5) 经监理工程师对每一根成桩平面位置的复查、试验结果及施工记录都认可后并以书面形式进行批准后，进行该桩基础的其它工作。
2.1.7钻孔灌注桩的质量控制及故障处理措施
全套管垂直度控制措施
(1) 全套管施沉时尽量选在平潮时段或流速较小时段，减小水流力对其的影响。
(2) 套管开始施振时，先点振，若全套管偏差较大，可通过吊机和下拉缆来调整。当全套管入土深度达到设计要求后，方可连续施振，确保全套管垂直精度。
防止出现斜孔、扩孔、塌孔措施
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(1) 桩机底座牢固可靠，桩机不得产生水平位移和沉降。同时钻进的过程中钻进时间超过4小时和怀疑桩机有歪斜时均要进行基座检测调平。
(2) 钻孔的垂直度偏差控制在1%之内，发现孔斜后及时进行修孔。
(3) 选用优质泥浆护壁，本工程钻孔施工中选用不分散、低固相、高粘度的PHP泥浆进行护壁，同时加强泥浆指标的控制，使泥浆指标始终在容许范围内，控制钻进速度，使孔壁泥皮得以牢靠形成,以保持孔壁的稳定。
(4) 在施工过程中，根据不同的地层情况，选择合理的钻进参数。同时注意观察孔内泥浆液面的变化情况，孔内泥浆液面应始终高于孔外水面1~2m左右，并适时往孔内补充新制备泥浆。
(5) 由具有丰富施工
经验
班主任工作经验交流宣传工作经验交流材料优秀班主任经验交流小学课改经验典型材料房地产总经理管理经验
的技术工人参与施工，强调预防为主的指导思想，避免塌孔事故的发生。
(6) 一旦发现塌孔现象，应立即停锤。如果塌孔范围较小时可通过增大泥浆粘度及比重的办法稳定孔壁;如果塌孔较为严重时，可对钻孔采用粘性土回填，待稳定一段时间后再重新钻进成孔。
防止孔缩径的措施
桩孔缩径现象可能出现在软塑状亚粘土地层中。在该地层在土层中间，施工时拟采取以下措施:
(1) 采用高粘度、低固相、不分散、低失水率的膨润土泥浆清渣护壁。
(2) 根据试桩时钻孔的钻进参数、孔径检测情况，适当调整钻进参数，以期达到设计要求。
(3) 当发现钻孔缩径时，可通过提高泥浆性能指标，降低泥浆的失水率，以稳定孔壁。同时在缩径孔段注意多次扫孔，以确保成孔直径。 slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
防止渗、漏浆措施
钻孔施工时，密切注意泥浆面的变化，一但发现有漏浆现象，分不同情况及时采取控制措施。
(1) 大泥浆比重和粘度，停止除砂，停钻进行泥浆循环，补浆保证浆面高度，观察浆面不在下降时方可钻进。
(2) 如果漏浆得不到控制，则需在浆液里加锯末，经过循环堵塞孔隙，使渗、漏浆得以控制。
(3) 如果在全套管底口漏浆，在采用上述措施得不到控制后，将全套管接长跟进。
(4) 在采用上述措施后，若漏浆得不到控制，要停机提钻，填充粘土，放置一段时间后，再进行施钻。
防止掉钻措施
掉钻的主要原因是因为钢丝绳与钻头之间的连接承受不了自重，使接头脱落、断裂所至。
防止吊钻措施为:
(1)加强接头连接质量检查，加强钢丝绳质量检查。
(2)对焊接部位进行超声波检测。
(3)每使用一次就全面仔细检查一次，避免有裂纹或质量不过关的钻具用于施工中。
(4)钻进施工时要中低速钻进。
如果不慎发生掉钻事故，根据以往施工经验，应及时采用偏心钩打捞或采用特制的三翼滑块打捞器进行打捞，用这种方法打捞效率较高，成功率高。打捞要slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
及时，不可耽搁，以免孔壁不牢，出现塌孔，故现场需备用好偏心钩和三翼滑块打捞器，以防万一。
防止声测管孔底堵塞、超声波检测不到位的措施
(1)声测管在每一节焊接完后，孔内要灌水，由于孔深较深，如果所灌水含泥量有1%，则经过一个多月沉淀，深测管内就有几十公分的探头下不到位，故施工时用来灌深测管的水要经过净化处理后才能用来灌声测管，来达到预防探测管底部堵塞、超声波检测不到位的目的。
(2) 声测管施工时接头连接要牢固，不得漏浆，顶、底口封闭严实。
(3) 声测管与钢筋笼采用电焊连接固定，确保声测管根根能够检测到底。 防止钻孔桩混凝土浇注时出现堵管、断桩现象的措施
1)堵管现象主要分为两种，一种是气堵，当混凝土满管下落时，导管内(
混凝土(或泥浆)面至导管口的空气被压缩，当导管外泥浆压力和混凝土压力处于平衡状态时就出现气堵现象，解决气堵现象的措施有:首批混凝土浇注时，在泥浆面以上的导管中间要开孔排气，当首批混凝土满管下落时，空气能从孔口排掉，就不会形成堵管。首批过后正常浇注时，应将丝扣连接的小料斗换成外径小于导管内径的插入式轻型小料斗，使混凝土小于满管下落，不至于形成气堵;另外一种堵管现象为物堵，混凝土施工性能不好，石子较多，或混凝土原材料内有杂物等，在混凝土垂直下落时，石子或杂物在导管内形成拱塞，导致堵管。物堵现象的控制为:由于孔深比较大，混凝土自由落至孔底时速度较大，易形成拱塞，要求混凝土有较好的流动性、不离析性能和丰富的胶凝材料，同时加强现场物资管理，使混凝土原材料中不含有任何杂物，并在浇注现场层层把关。确保混凝土浇注顺利。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(2) 断桩主要是导管埋置深度不够，导管拔出了混凝土面(或导管拔断)，形成了泥浆隔层。防止措施为:对导管埋深进行记录，同时用搅拌站浇注方量校核测深锤测得混凝土面标高，始终保持导管埋深在2,6米，同时对导管要每根桩进行试压，并舍弃使用时间长或壁厚较薄的导管，确保导管有一定的强度。
(3) 确保搅拌站的生产能力，采用一条生产线工作，一条备用，同时备好发电机，确保钻孔桩混凝土浇注连续也是保证不发生断桩的必要条件。 防止钻孔桩出现接桩的措施
按规范要求钻孔桩应超浇1m左右的混凝土，目的是用来保证桩头混凝土质量，避免导管拔出时出现形成的泥浆芯在桩体内，而实际操作时依靠测深锤来测定桩顶标高，由于泥浆是一种胶体，遇见呈碱性的混凝土后开始凝结成块，故有时操作时易错将泥浆内的凝结面当作混凝土面，使得混凝土少浇，导致桩体要接长。施工时一方面使用测锤时，要反复掷锤，使锤穿破泥浆凝结层，另一方面要将孔壁测试结果和搅拌站浇注方量来校核最后的混凝土面是否正确，确保桩头质量。
2.2桥梁承台施工
本工程桥梁引桥、边桥承台分为陆上承台、海上浅水区、海上深水区承台三类承台。
其中A1台—P4墩、A2台共计6个墩台的承台属于陆上承台，采用陆上放边坡开挖并做好边坡防护的方案进行施工。
P5墩—P28墩、P37墩—P55墩共计43个墩的承台属于海上浅水区承台，其中P15墩—P19墩、P24墩、P26墩—P28墩、P37墩共计10个墩的承台属于海上浅水区中较深的承台，以上10个墩承台施工拟采用钢吊箱施工工艺进行施工，slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
其余承台拟采用四周插打双排钢板桩并做好内支撑形成双壁钢围堰的方案进行施工。
P29墩—P36墩共计8个墩的承台属于海上深水区承台，其中P29墩—P33墩共计5个墩的承台属于主桥基础承台，拟采用钢吊箱施工工艺进行施工。 2.2.1陆上承台施工
挖掘机
抽水机
砼运输车
砼输送泵砼输送管
模板支撑杆
陆上承台施工示意图
(1)施工顺序
施工准备?测量放样?放坡开挖、割除全套管?基坑边坡表面布置钢筋网喷混凝土、埋设剪力钉、布置泄水孔?浇筑承台混凝土垫层?凿除桩头?底模钢筋焊接、绑扎、验收?安装侧模及其支撑?混凝土浇筑?拆模养护。 (2)具体施工步骤
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
待桩基施工完毕后，割除全套管，采用人工配合挖掘机放坡开挖承台基坑，对基坑边坡表面按照设计要求布置钢筋网喷8cm厚混凝土、埋设剪力钉、布置泄水孔，做好承台基坑边坡防护工作，同时施工时将配有足够的水泵进行抽水，以确保基槽不受积水浸泡，浇筑承台混凝土垫层，凿除桩头松散砼。
承台钢筋的制作、安装:隐蔽工程经过监理工程师验收合格后，绑扎钢筋，钢筋绑扎一次成型，采用临时支架(如钢管、型钢或钢筋)加固承台钢筋骨架，确保钢筋骨架在砼浇筑过程中不变形移动，确保墩柱预埋外露筋位置准确。钢筋绑扎前进行轴线及角点坐标放样，绑扎后进行轴线校核，确保承台位置的准确。钢筋的加工在加工场统一集中加工后运至施工平台进行安装，安装时严格把握钢筋的排距和层距，并按设计要求设置好保护层。
砼的浇筑:砼由砼输送泵供应。砼浇筑过程中分层下灰、分层振捣，分层厚度控制在30,40cm之间，振捣细致。
砼养护:承台属大体积砼，为减少水化热对承台结构的影响，将预先布设冷却管。浇筑完成达到一定强度后洒水养护，以砼表面随时保持湿润为度。
陆上承台基坑施工时应埋设水位观测井，并设置位移观测点。 2.2.2海上浅水区承台钢板桩双壁钢围堰施工
本工程部分海上浅水区承台采用钢板桩双壁钢围堰施工，围堰钢板桩分内、外两层，钢板桩根据插打长度在陆上施工场地上进行加长拼接或割除，通过1000t驳船出运至墩位处，用位于钢平台上的80t履带吊配DZ90振动锤插打钢板桩，本工程计划投入2台80t履带吊，2台DZ90振动锤用于钢板桩插打、拔除施工。
2.2.2.1钢板桩双壁钢围堰设计
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
围堰外层钢板桩采用SP—?型钢板桩，内层钢板桩采用SP—?型、A型钢板桩，围堰中间桩及内支撑钢围囹采用H300mm×300mm型钢、H350mm×350mm型钢、H400mm×400mm型钢。
距离围堰钢板桩顶部50cm处设置一道φ26mm钢棒(水平间距1.2m)，用于加固内、外层钢板桩，提高钢板桩围堰整体受力刚度，并在内、外层钢板桩之间填充砂。
围堰内支撑钢围囹平面按照井字形布置，立面共设置4层，具体支撑位置需要通过对钢围堰侧壁的受力验算的确定。
2.2.2.2钢板桩双壁钢围堰施工
(1)钢板桩制作
钢板桩运到工地后均进行详细检查、丈量、分类、编号、钢板桩两侧锁口用一块同型号长2,3m符合类型、规格的短钢板桩作为标准做通过试验，将所有同类型的钢板桩做锁口通过检查，检查用绞车或卷扬机拉动标准钢板桩平车，从桩头至桩尾进行，经检查若锁口通不过或钢板桩存在桩身弯曲、扭曲、死弯等缺陷采用冷弯，热敲(温度不超过800,1000?)，焊补、铆补、割除、接长等方法加以整修。同时接头强度与其它断面相等，接长焊接时，用坚固夹具夹平，以免变形，在焊接时，先对焊，再焊接加固板，对新桩或接长桩、在桩端制作吊桩孔。 (2)钢板桩插打与合拢
本工程钢板桩采用位于钢平台上的80t履带吊配DZ90振动锤插打。插打钢板桩之前须检查振动锤。振动锤是打拔钢板桩的关键设备，在打拔前一定要进行专门的检查，确保线路畅通，功能正常。钢板桩插打深度由基坑深度及通过对钢板桩围堰侧壁所能承受的周围海水侧压力、主动土压力能力的大小决定。 slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
钢板桩采用逐块紧挨打入，矩形基坑支护一般先插打与施工钢栈桥临边位置的钢板桩，然后再插打其它3个位置的钢板桩，同时在钢板桩插打前在单桩的锁口内均涂以黄油混合物油膏(质量配合比为:黄油:沥青:干锯末:干黏土=2:2:2:2:1)，以减少插打时的摩阻力并加强防渗性能。插打钢板桩时从第一块就应保持平整，几块插好后即插打一块深的以保持稳定，然后继续插打。
钢板桩起吊后须以人力扶持插入前一块的锁口内，动作要缓慢，防止损坏锁口，插入以后可稍松吊绳，使桩凭自重滑入，或用锤重下压，比较困难时，也可以用滑车组强迫插桩，待插入一定深度并站立稳定后，方可加以锤击。
钢板桩在插打过程中，加强测量工作，发现倾斜，及时调整，为保证插桩顺利合拢，要求桩身垂直，并且支护周边的钢板数要均分，保证钢板桩插打正直顺利合拢的措施是随时纠正歪斜，歪斜过甚不能用拉挤办法整直者要拔起重打，纠正无效时，应特制楔形桩合拢。在整个钢板桩支护施打过程中，开始时可插一根打一根，即将每一片钢板桩打到稳定深度，到剩下最后一部分时，要先插后打，若合拢有误，用倒链或滑车组对拉，使之合拢。合拢后，再逐根打到设计深度，在用倒链或滑车组对拉时不要过猛，以防止合拢段缝隙过大。在整个钢板桩插打过程中必须保证合拢密实，以防地下水浸入基坑。
钢板桩插打合拢后，在基坑的四个角插打角桩，并采取逐层设置内支撑钢围囹的方式对钢板桩的内壁进行支护，施工时应注意内支撑钢围囹与钢板桩之间必须保证密贴。
(3)基坑抽水
由于承台基坑位于海上浅水区，基坑四周为海水与海床土壤，海床土壤地下水丰富，在基坑支护钢板桩插打结束后基坑开挖前根据工程地质及水文资料，需slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
要配置排水设备对基坑进行抽水，在基坑底部打设抽水井，抽水井底高程应比基坑底面低，加大基坑排水能力，并由专人负责排除基坑积水，严禁积水浸泡基坑。 (4)砼垫层浇筑
基坑开挖至设计基底高程经检验合格抽水后，立即浇筑基坑底部砼垫层。砼垫层施工范围为超出下部结构物边缘各1m,浇筑厚度应满足设计要求。 (5)钢板桩拔除
钢板桩需要拔除，钢板桩在 在承台施工结束后，拔除时，先略锤击振动1,2分钟，再慢慢启动振动桩锤拔桩，各拔高1,2m，然后挨次将所有钢板桩均拔高1,2m，使其松动后，再挨次拔除，对桩尖打卷及锁口变形的桩，可加大拔桩设备的能力，将相邻的桩一齐拔出。
(6)钢板桩插打、拔除质量控制及注意事项
?使用新钢板桩时，要详细丈量尺寸，检验是否符合要求。
?为保证插桩顺利合拢，要求桩身垂直，并且支护周边的钢板数要均分，为保证桩身垂直，于第一组钢板桩设固定于支护支撑上的导向架，顺导向架下插，使第一组钢板桩桩身垂直，由于钢板桩桩组上下宽度不完全一致，锁口间隙也不完全一致，桩身仍有可能倾斜，在施工中加强测量工作，发现倾斜，及时调整，使每组钢板桩在顺支护周边方向及其垂直方向的倾斜度均不大于5‰。利用基坑第一层围囹作为导向架，安装导向架时应注意以下几点:采用经纬仪和水平仪控制和调整导梁的位置;导梁的高度要适宜，要有利于控制钢板桩的施工高度和提高施工工效;导梁不能随着钢板桩的打设而产生变形;导梁的位置应尽量垂直，并不能与钢板桩碰撞。
?在进行钢板桩的插打时，当钢板桩的垂直度较好，一次将桩打到要求深度，当slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
垂直度较差时，要分两次进行施打，即先将所有的桩打入约一半深度后，再第二次打到要求的深度。
?同一支护的钢板桩只能用同样的锁口，按设计尺寸计算出使用钢板桩的数量，以确保够用;
?剔除锁口破裂、扭曲、变形的钢板桩;
?剔除钢板桩表面因焊接钢板、型钢、钢筋留下的残渣瘤;
?拔钢板桩时注意事项
拔桩起点和顺序:对封闭式钢板桩墙，拔桩起点应离开角桩5根以上。可根据沉桩时的情况确定拔桩起点，必要时也可用跳拔的方法。拔桩的顺序最好与打桩时相反。
振打与振拔:拔桩时，可先用振动锤将板桩锁口振活以减小土的粘附，然后 边振边拔。对较难拔除的板桩可先用柴油锤将桩振下100,300mm，再与振动锤交替振打、振拔。有时，为及时回填拔桩后的土孔，当把板桩拔至比基础底板略高时暂停引拔，用振动锤振动几分钟，尽量让土孔填实一部分。
履带吊应随振动锤的启动而逐渐加荷，起吊力一般略小于减振器弹簧的压缩极限。
供振动锤使用的电源为振动锤本身额定功率的1.2-2.0倍。
对引拔阻力较大的钢板桩，采用间歇振动的方法，每次振动15min，振动锤连续不超过1.5h。
承台其他施工方案与陆上承台一致。
海上承台基坑施工时应埋设支撑应变计、倾斜仪、反光标、电子式水压计。 2.2.3海上浅水区、深水区承台钢吊箱施工
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
本工程钢吊箱采用工厂分块制作并组拼成整体，通过1000t驳船出运至墩位处，采用1000t浮吊进行安装就位。海上承台基坑施工时应埋设支撑应变计、倾斜仪、反光标、电子式水压计。
2.2.3.1钢吊箱设计与制作
我们将采用双壁钢吊箱作为形成干施工环境的临时围水结构物，同时作为承台混凝土浇筑时的侧面模板，双壁钢吊箱则采用工厂分块制作并组拼成整体，而后分节运输、分节吊装的工艺进行施工。
1)双壁钢吊箱的构造
i、钢吊箱的基本参数
双壁钢吊箱的设计壁厚为1.0m。
ii、钢吊箱的基本结构形式
双层间距为1m。在双层板架之间拐本工程承台双壁钢吊箱为双层板架结构,
角处设置箱形梁、侧壁中间设置垂向舱壁板作为一级支撑结构，水平设置环形板作为二级支撑结构，垂向设置次梁为三级支撑结构。内外壁之间通过横向联系撑和舱壁板连接而形成整体。钢吊箱底板为单层板架结构，由连续的主梁、间断的次梁、底板组成。钢吊箱结构形式如下图:
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
承台双壁钢吊箱结构示意图
2)双壁钢吊箱的制作
i、钢吊箱制作工艺流程
施工图设计
结构 施工 材料
样板 划线 材料吊装
胎架平台 零、部件加工
测量 分段、分块组
钢吊箱制作工艺流程图
ii、制作工艺
本工程钢吊箱的制作工艺为:先加工零部件，然后组拼成平面分段，再在组
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
装胎架上组拼成立体分块，最后组拼成整箱，其中板单元和块体制作的关键工艺在于:钢板赶平及预处理，数控切割机下料，胎型组焊，反变形焊接技术以及自动和半自动CO焊接方法。 2
2.2.3.2双壁钢吊箱安装
1) 导向装置设置
为了保证底板开孔能顺利准确套入全套管，在吊箱四角全套管顶部设置锥形导向装置。
2)钢吊箱底板开孔
安装时底板需穿过全套管，底板上开设的孔准确与否，是影响钢吊箱平稳下沉、精确定位的关键，因此必须准确测量全套管的坐标、椭圆度、倾斜度及倾斜方向，根据测量结果在钢吊箱底板上开孔，其主要操作方法如下:
i、 将各全套管理论中心坐标，换算成钢吊箱底板平面相对坐标O1;将全套管、钢管桩解除约束之后顶面中心坐标测定成果，换算成各全套管、钢管桩顶面中心相对坐标O2;根据全套管解除约束之后倾斜度及倾斜方向实测成果及沉桩记录，综合考虑，推算标高-10.0m处各全套管、钢管桩中心相对坐标O3。
ii、 利用全站仪在钢吊箱底板上放样各全套管中心相对坐标O1、O2、O3，并用油漆标示于钢吊箱底板平面相对坐标系上。
iii、 分别以点O1、O2、O3为圆心，按比全套管、钢管桩外半径加大15cm为半径画圆，按三圆形成的最大包络图切割底板，并加以“修饰”，即为钢吊箱底板预留孔最终成孔。
iv、钢吊箱底板预留孔放样具体详见下图
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
桩位理论纵轴线
O2O1O3桩位理论横轴线
钢吊箱底板预留孔放样示意图
3) 全套管外围周边情况探测
为保证钢吊箱能顺利下放就位，对全套管、钢管桩的外围周边情况进行探测，以检查是否还存在妨碍钢吊箱下沉就位的障碍物。
探测内容主要包括全套管的外壁及吊箱沉放范围内的水下情况，其中全套管的外壁探测方法为:采用圆钢加工成内径为2.30m的钢圈，套入全套管，保持水平下放，检查全套管周围有无影响钢吊箱沉放的障碍物;吊箱沉放范围内的水下情况则主要由潜水员探摸。
4) 试吊
通过试吊后方可进行正式的吊装作业。
2.2.3.3钢吊箱起吊、下沉
吊箱由浮吊分节吊装，浮吊水上吊装前必须首先抛锚定位，其吊装作业具体详见下图
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
导向装置
钢管桩钢护筒
钢吊箱沉放示意图
2.2.3.4钢吊箱的定位
钢吊箱入水前，应在吊箱壁体环板处均匀设置耳板，连接拉绳，抵抗吊箱入水时承受的水流力，防止吊箱偏位。钢吊箱的平面位置的调整主要依靠其上、下游设置的下拉缆、及钢平台与钢吊箱之间设置的连接缆，通过10t手拉葫芦进行。
将承台四周的全套管顶上设置若干个反压牛腿进行高程定位，反压牛腿布置具体详见下图:
反压牛腿C反压牛腿钢吊箱壁
板
钢护筒
钢吊箱壁
板
钢护筒
C-C断面图
C
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
2.2.3.5双壁钢吊箱施工的质量保证措施
1) 钢吊箱加工过程中要求采用有效的措施防止焊接变形，壁体加工时要求留有一定的配切长度。
2) 钢吊箱底板的开孔位置根据实测的全套管的有关数据进行，开孔直径要求比全套管外径大30cm左右。
3) 钢吊箱分节、分块运输的过程中要求局部加强、多点吊装、带缆固定等有效措施，防止钢吊箱底板及壁体变形。
4) 钢吊箱整体吊安、沉放及定位，要求选择天气状况较好，水流流速较小时进行。
2.2.3.6封底混凝土的施工
封底砼拟按一次性浇注进行施工，所采取的总体工艺为:水下封堵吊箱底板预留孔与全套管之间的空隙，搭设封底平台，安装导管、中心集料斗及分料槽，按顺序进行导管水下封口，补料，直至混凝土面达到标高。封底时留内外通水孔，保证箱内外无水头差。
1) 全套管外壁及钢吊箱底板的清理
由于钻孔桩及钢吊箱下沉施工时间较长，在全套管的外壁上会存有水锈或其他杂物，钢吊箱底板上会沉淀有淤泥，为了保证混凝土质量以及混凝土与全套管之间的握裹力，在钢吊箱底板与全套管之间缝隙的封堵之前需要潜水员水下用高压水枪进行清理。
2) 钢吊箱底板与全套管之间缝隙的封堵
钢吊箱调整到位并固定后，由潜水员水下封堵全套管与吊箱底板间的间隙，间隙上堆码一层袋装水泥、砂子的混合料，由于水下操作不方便，极易造成空隙slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
封堵不严、不实，因此在封底混凝土灌注前，潜水员水下检查，发现问题及时处理。
3)封底混凝土浇注平台搭设
封底砼施工平台主要由贝雷梁、I32b、钢箱梁、平台木板及栏杆组成，具体搭设施工按如下要求进行:
i、 钢吊箱下沉到位固定后，根据浇注平台标高、最远处导管至分料槽口的水平距离、溜槽坡度(1:3,1:4)确定中心集料斗的底标高。
ii、首先将全套管接至同一高度，在全套管顶口放置I32b工字钢，然后将贝雷架放置在全套管顶口并固定，并在贝雷架上铺设跳板、挂设安全网。
iii、在贝雷架上放置两层钢箱梁，钢箱梁上架设中心集料斗并焊接固定。
×3.5的钢管搭设溜槽支架，安装溜槽，在导管顶口放置0.8m3iv、采用φ48
的小料斗。
4)浇注导管布置
封底混凝土导管采用内径Φ325mm、壁厚δ=10mm的无缝钢管制作，管节长度分为6m、3m、2m及1m四种，管节之间采用丝扣接头连接。导管使用前须作水压、水密试验，合格后使用。
根据我们多年的施工经验，导管的作用半径按照3.0,4.0m考虑，导管底口距离钢吊箱底板通常取为20cm左右，导管按“梅花状”布置。
5)承台封底砼施工配合比设计
鉴于砼配合比的合理设计，是承台封底成功的关键之一，为此在本工程承台封底砼施工时，将主要采取如下措施确保砼配合比设计合理，并满足施工需要:
i、 对砼的主要性能指标要求为:
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
砼强度不能小于设计强度;
混凝土初始坍落度要求为20?2cm;
砼3小时后的坍落度损失要求小于2cm;
砼的初凝时间?4小时。
ii、拟采取双掺技术提高混凝土的和易性、流动性及稳定性，并掺入一定比例的铝粉等膨胀剂。
iii、将根据浇筑过程中的具体情况，对砼的施工配合比进行不断调整，严格控制砼的性能，使得砼的各项指标均能满足要求封底砼的质量要求。
6)承台封底砼浇注工艺
i、主要浇注设备配置
本工程承台封底砼拟采用砼输送泵供料。
ii、 砼浇注顺序
本工程承台封底砼的浇注顺序为自承台上游向下游连续浇注，当对导管顺序逐根进行封口后，再行顺序逐根补管，期间间隔时间不得大于砼的初凝时间。
iii、导管初灌量的确定
为确保承台封底砼各施工导管被顺利封口，施工前必须计算出导管的砼初灌量，并准备好储料斗及备齐初灌砼，各导管的初灌量具体按下式计算确定。
公式:V?1/3πR2(h1+h2)
式中:V,砼初灌量，单位为m3;
R,摊铺半径(m)，按导管作用半径3,4m，本工程取3.0m;
h1,导管初次埋置深度，要求?1.0m，本工程取h1=1.0m;
h2,导管底端到吊箱顶板间距离，本工程取0.20m。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
iv、砼浇注
混凝土采用中心集料斗布料，其储料容量设计为20m3，能满足导管封口阶段对容量控制的需要，即能满足每根导管首封混凝土量的需要。
首批混凝土灌注时，先由中心集料斗贮料，然后依次打开通向灌注导管的分料槽的出料门、中心集料斗的出料口，让混凝土经溜槽进入浇筑小料斗，当小料斗内充满混凝土时，拔塞，同时集料斗连续不断放料，完成导管封口。
混凝土导管封口从上游侧向下游侧推进，当某一根导管封口完成后在进行其相邻导管封口时，先测量待封导管底口处的混凝土顶标高，根据测量结果重新调整导管底口的高度。
导管封口完成后，按规定的时间及时进行补料，同一导管两次灌入混凝土的时间间隔一般控制在45分钟以内。
因封底混凝土厚仅2.00m，封底混凝土浇注过程中，须严格控制混凝土布料厚度和导管埋深，防止封底混凝土超厚、厚度不够或导管拔脱。为保证导管有一定埋深，混凝土灌注顺利时，一般不随便提升导管，即使需要提管，每次提升的高度都严格控制在20,30cm。提升导管采用浮吊，由起重工统一指挥，用慢钩完成。
砼灌注过程中，根据灌注量，每隔一定时间测一次标高，用以指导导管下料，使混凝土均匀上升。
混凝土浇筑临近结束时，全面测出混凝土面标高，根据测量结果，对混凝土面标高偏低测点附近的导管进行补料，直至所测结果满足要求。
当所有测点的标高满足控制要求后，结束封底混凝土灌注。
7)封底砼施工的质量保证措施
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
i、 加强封底现场的组织管理，认真落实质量责任制，对封底设备进行合理配置并加强维修保养以提高完好率，认真做好人、机、料的预控措施，确保封底有序进行。
ii、严格做好混凝土的试配，提高混凝土的性能，尤其要控制好混凝土的初凝时间和坍落度。
iii、混凝土开盘前需严格检查各环节是否按拟定方案落实，否则不准开盘，待消除隐患后，方能开盘。
iv、加强质量监测，及时测量混凝土标高，控制好导管的提升和拆卸及埋深，埋深控制在1m左右。
v、保证混凝土的浇筑能力。
勤检混凝土的坍落度 vi、
vii、每根导管的首批混凝土灌注时要求连续、不能间断的进行，并且保证导管底口有不小于1.0m的埋深，确保首批混凝土灌注成功。
viii、混凝土的顶面高程要求控制在0,+10cm，要求测量人员加大测量的频率及测点的数量，尽量真实的反映混凝土顶面高程的情况，并及时反馈信息。 2.2.3.7承台施工
承台混凝土采用分两层浇筑方法，每层浇筑厚度由对承台封底混凝土承载力的受力验算决定。
(1)施工工艺流程
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
吊箱内抽水
护筒割除、凿桩头
安装钢筋与冷却水管
测温元件安装
安装集料斗、布料杆等
混凝土生产 浇筑第一层混凝土
通水冷却、养护
温控分析
承台钢筋、冷却水管安装
预埋墩柱、塔柱钢筋与劲性骨架
混凝土施工缝处理 模板安装
混凝土养护 浇筑第二层混凝土
承台施工工艺流程
同时为了提高浇筑承台混凝土的安全稳定性，我们将在承台封底混凝土施工前在封底混凝土一定高度范围内全套管上焊接反压钢牛腿。
(2)钢吊箱内抽水、清淤
当封底混凝土强度达到设计强度的90,以上时开始钢吊箱内抽水。抽水前，水下封堵钢吊箱连通水管，将钢吊箱壁体内水位降低。抽水过程中，随时观察钢吊箱结构变形情况。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
由于封底施工时间不长，钢吊箱内淤积的泥沙不多，清除时，先利用高压水枪冲洗，然后用泥浆泵将泥水抽出。
(3)吊点转换、多余的全套管及钢管桩割除
根据钢吊箱设计要求，将吊杆割除至护筒顶，并与护筒焊接。当吊点转换结束后，切割多余的全套管至设计位置，切割全套管时保护好全套管内壁上焊接的伸入承台的钢筋。
(4)桩头处理
封底抽水后，用风镐凿除桩头。桩头处理完成后，对桩头钢筋及护筒进行清理、调整。
(5)封底混凝土清理、找平
清理封底混凝土表面，对局部高点进行凿除，并按设计要承台钢筋绑扎前，
求进行全面凿毛处理，使钢筋绑扎场地平整。
(6)钢筋及冷却水管施工
承台钢筋在车间加工成半成品，运至现场绑扎，施工过程中严格保护不锈钢定位筋上的尼龙1010管，确保尼龙管不破损，同时为确保钢筋钢筋的保护层厚度满足设计要求，在承台底面和侧面的外侧钢筋表面设置混凝土垫块，保护层厚度严格按照图纸执行，保护层内不出现绑扎钢筋的铁丝伸入。
承台主筋采用采用等强度墩粗直螺纹接头连接，其它钢筋绑扎按规范进行焊接或搭接，由于钢筋用量较大，钢筋网格、层次较多，为保证设计钢筋能正确放置和混凝土浇筑质量，采用劲性骨架架立各层钢筋网片，做到上下层网格对齐，层间距正确，并确保钢筋的保护层厚度。
钢筋的墩粗、套丝及螺纹套筒的一端套接均在后场完成，螺纹套筒的另一端slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
套接则利用管子钳在安装现场完成，为保证钢筋连接的顺利进行，加工好的钢筋在运输及吊装过程中加强了保护，尤其是钢筋的外露螺纹及套筒的内螺纹。
?钢筋加工
在钢筋加工场地集中进行钢筋车丝、弯曲成型。钢筋车丝前，用切割机切除原材已弯曲变形的端头2-3cm，车好丝后，加长丝直接将直螺纹套筒套上，并在套筒顶部用密封盖保护，短丝采用塑料保护套进行保护，防止污染变形。
?钢筋运输及吊入基坑
钢筋加工好后，采用自制炮车运输，人工配合龙门吊吊入基坑内。由于存在钢吊箱内支撑及竖向支撑，承台基坑被划分为网格或条形小区，钢筋入基坑时提前统一规划将一个区域某种钢筋按一定数量绑扎统一吊运，对号入座，避免二次倒运。
?钢筋安装
安装前，人工清理封底砼垫层表面，将钻孔桩桩头预留钢筋调直，钢筋网片施工时，用气割切除桩头部位的钢筋网片。待第一层底部钢筋绑扎后，在下层垫块对应的位置用圆柱型垫块或者短钢筋将钢筋网固定在第一层主钢筋上，防止钢筋网片在混凝土浇筑时上浮，钢筋网片下垫混凝土块。钢筋网搭接时采用扣搭法搭接，搭接长度在任何情况下不应小于36cm，搭接区不超过60cm长度就需采用钢丝绑扎一道。
?钢筋绑扎施工
钢筋网片施工完成后进行钢筋绑扎，由于每层钢筋网平面位置受桩头钢筋影响，会造成部分钢筋间距过大，为满足钢筋构造要求，在层底主筋间距过大设置部分分布钢筋。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
架立钢筋施工:架立钢筋采用直螺纹连接(相邻两个接头位置错开1米以上)在第一层钢筋绑扎完成后进行第一段架立钢筋施工，待钢筋网施工完毕后再进行直螺纹连接施工。
水平箍筋施工:水平箍筋与四周立筋同时进行绑扎连成整体，为了施工方便快捷，前边施工的部分采用点焊，后面人工跟着绑扎，绑扎时注意扎丝丝头向内。
格构立柱处钢筋网片及钢筋:钢筋网片施工时必须用气割从格构立柱处割开后才能安装，切割后网片与网片连接采用在桩头割下来的部分钢筋进行绑条焊接，焊接长度采用单面焊12cm(焊接2根)。
桩基的箍筋施工:桩基伸入承台内的钢筋按照设计图纸要求也要进行箍筋的绑扎，绑扎方法为在承台每层钢筋钢筋施工完毕后进行单根焊接施工。
在钢筋绑扎过程中，按照设计要求将桩基钢筋和索塔预埋段钢筋进行连接。
?全套管锚固钢筋的连接
锚固钢筋预先在陆上加工成型，钻孔桩桩头凿除后，经测量放样定位，调配优秀电焊工按对称、大间距跳跃双面焊连接，防止过度热集中导致性能的降低。
?冷却水管制作安装
根据承台温控计算，承台须埋设冷却水管，冷却水管根据温控设计要求进行布置。
冷却水管采用直径φ32mm钢管制作，管间连接采用螺旋套筒。
冷却水管安装时，将其按设计位置固定在支架上，做到管道通畅，接头可靠，不漏水、阻水。冷却水管安装完成后，进行通水检查。按照冷却水管布置图，从每一层的一侧依次接长连接水管，冷却水管180?弯头及90?弯头采用黑铁管现slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
场加工，用铁丝将冷却水管固定在承台架立筋及水平钢筋上。为确保冷却水管连接牢固不漏水，在施工前需进行通水试验认真查看确保水管不漏水。
冷却水管的出水口和进水口采取集中布置、统一管理，并标识清楚。水管由潜水泵供水。
温控完成后，冷却管采用水泥浆进行封堵。
?预埋件安装
主桥承台上需埋设塔柱施工时所需的各种预埋件，如塔吊、电梯、下横梁支架等基础，并注意预埋件不得成为永久结构物的腐蚀通道。
(7)混凝土的配合比设计
我单位将发挥长期研究、配置和使用海工耐久混凝土的技术优势，对本工程大体积海工混凝土的配合比根据海工耐久混凝土技术规范要求及实际施工时所采用的砂石料、水泥、粉煤灰及外加剂的性能进行交叉配合比试验，确定最佳的混凝土施工配合比，并遵循以下总的原则:大体积混凝土应采用低水化热水泥，并采用“双掺技术”(即掺加粉煤灰及外加剂)，降低混凝土的入仓温度等措施，以改善混凝土的性能，减小混凝土的水化热。同时在海工耐久混凝土拌制时，避免使用引起碱活性反应的集料，严格控制含碱外加剂的使用。 (8)大体积砼浇筑施工工艺
承台属于大体积砼，我单位将按照温控设计的仿真分析情况分析后采用分层的方式进行施工，即高度方向上分为两层。因此砼施工时将考虑满足浇筑强度的要求，并遵循“分段定点，薄层浇筑，循序推进”的原则进行砼的浇筑施工。
?砼拌和
金门大桥烈屿端陆上配备2台120m3/h拌和设备在海上拌和站进行混凝土拌slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
和,金门端配备2台120m3/h拌和设备在陆地上拌和站进行混凝土拌和，海上配备混凝土搅拌船可直接输送混凝土。
?砼输送
承台砼采用卧泵、柴油泵及汽车泵并配套足够数量及方量的混凝土运输车，通过泵管输送砼入模的方式与汽车从拌和站运输砼经过柴油泵与汽车泵泵送入模、溜槽溜送入模相结合。
?泵管布设
在承台范围内，采用5cm厚木板(或打设脚手架在绞架上布设竹片)在支撑钢管上搭设一个用于施工人员和布设泵管的施工平台，泵管从承台两侧对称接入，出口接上90?弯管和两根3m长软管，使之能左右摆动布料，软管前端接串筒，防止水泥浆飞溅及砼离析。
?砼浇筑顺序及方式
砼经过泵管或砼车运输至承台后在现场从承台横桥向对称布料，分层浇筑，分层厚度保持在30—40cm，混凝土整个大面层厚需均匀，高差不大于15cm，在混凝土入模后并达到分层高度后立即进行振捣以免出现漏振。承台底部由于钢筋较密，砼分层厚度取低值，坍落度亦采用试验中坍落度最大值;承台中上部钢筋较稀，砼分层厚度取高值。分层浇筑严格控制入模混凝土堆积高度，承台的下料口按浇筑过程中现场要求尽可能多的布置，在承台整个浇筑面每层砼布设完成并经过振捣后随即进行上一层浇筑，使上下层砼连接良好，根据砼初凝时间，每层砼间隔时间控制在20小时之内。
在分层浇筑上层浇筑前应清理并润湿垫层表面。
同时为保证保护层内混凝土的匀质性，侧面主筋与模板之间应单独布料。 slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
?砼振捣
采用插入式振捣棒进行振捣，配备足够数量的50和70型振捣棒及电机。另外，增加小号振捣棒用于钢筋较密的底层砼振捣。
振捣器布置原则:在每个浇筑带的前后布置两道振捣棒，第一道布置在泵管砼出料口，主要解决上部砼的振实;由于底层钢筋间距较密，第二道布置在砼坡角处，以确保下部砼密实。随着浇筑的推进，振捣器也相应跟上，以确保整个高度上砼的振捣质量。现场严禁用振捣棒对砼进行拖料。
振捣棒移动间距不大于振捣棒作用半径的1.5倍，振捣时，振捣棒尽量避免碰撞模板及钢筋，并与模板周边保持5—10cm的距离，振捣上层砼时应插入下层砼5—10cm。
振捣质量控制标准:砼停止下沉、不冒出气泡、表面平坦泛浆但不出现离析为止，杜绝漏振或过振。
?砼收浆抹面及凿毛
承台大体积砼平面尺寸大，砼方量也较大，浇筑时间长，砼有一定泌水现象出现，施工时除应及时将泌水排出模板以外，初凝之前应先采用木制抹挫浆后采用铁制平抹进行2—3次收浆抹面，用于闭合砼的收缩及干缩裂缝。待初凝后立即进行塑料薄膜覆盖防止混凝土表面水份挥发产生收缩裂缝，在塑料薄膜上再覆盖土工布及棉被套进行保温。
第一级砼采用木抹抹面，待初期养护满足要求后，人工凿毛砼面(混凝土强度需达到2MPa)，并用水冲洗干净;第二级砼初凝前，先用木抹子收浆抹面2—3次，之后用铁抹抹面收浆压平，平整度控制在5mm之内。
?混凝土施工缝处理、混凝土养护
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
当承台混凝土的强度达到2.5MPa 时，水平施工缝采用人工凿毛，高压气或高压水枪进行清洗混凝土表面的处理方法。竖向施工缝采用收网口模板。
混凝土养护包括湿度和温度两个方面。结构表层混凝土的抗裂性和耐久性在很大程度上取决于施工养护过程中的温度和湿度养护。因为水泥只有水化到一定程度才能形成有利于混凝土强度和耐久性的微结构。湿养护时间应视混凝土材料的不同组成和具体环境条件而定。特别是低水胶比又掺有大量矿物掺和料的混凝土，为减少早期自收缩，保证表层混凝土有密实的微结构，充分的潮湿养护过程尤其重要。
暴露于大气中的新浇混凝土表面及时进行水养护。承台混凝土上表面因没有钢吊箱保护，分层面采取土工布保湿，永久暴露面应覆盖塑料薄膜和土工布或表面蓄水养生保湿，人工直接洒水易造成混凝土表面干湿循环，产生干缩裂缝。承台混凝土浇筑完后，采用冷却水管通水降温。
承台混凝土在高温期施工时，采取以下保温措施:
?承台混凝土浇筑完毕后，斜面部分在模板外面由下到上覆盖土工布、草袋。
?承台混凝土初凝后，在混凝土表面覆盖塑料薄膜、土工布、草袋。 (9)大体积混凝土温控措施
大体积混凝土温控施工贯穿了从混凝土的原料材选择、配比设计以及混凝土的拌和、运输、浇筑、振捣到通水、养护、保温等的全过程，是一个系统工程，需要施工各个环节精心组织，紧密配合才能达到良好的控制效果。
温控计算、设计、监控等由资质单位统一负责，并提供详细温控方案。
温控的主要措施为:
? 合理选择混凝土原材料，择级配良好的砂、石料、性能优良的缓凝高效slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
减水剂，选用低水化热的矿渣水泥掺加高品质的粉煤灰，是大体积混凝土温控施工的有效措施。
? 优化混凝土配合比:采用水化热较低的矿渣水泥，降低混凝土在凝结过程中产生的水化热;改善骨料级配，掺加粉煤灰和外加剂，在保证混凝土强度的前提下，尽可能降低水泥用量。
? 在混凝土内预埋冷却水管，利用水的循环降低混凝土的温升峰值，每层冷却水管均在混凝土浇筑至其标高后即开始通水，通水流量为25L/min，根据现场测温结果确定通水时间。通水期间，定时记录冷却水管进、出水口温度。
? 控制承台分层之间的浇筑间歇时间及分层厚度。
? 加强混凝土的养护和保温，控制内表温差。
? 混凝土强度采用60天强度，以达到减少水泥用量，降低混凝土水化热的目的。
(一)混凝土浇筑温度的控制
承台属重要的大体积混凝土结构，为满足设计要求，保证大桥使用安全，施工时，须对承台大体积混凝土进行温控计算。由计算大体积混凝土内部仿真温度场及应力场，根据计算结果制定承台不出现有害温度裂缝的温控标准，并以此制定相应的温控措施。
降低混凝土的浇筑温度对控制混凝土裂缝非常重要。相同混凝土，入模温度高的温升值要比入模温度低许多。在混凝土浇筑之前，可通过测量水泥、粉煤灰、砂、石、水的温度，估算浇筑温度。若浇筑温度不符合控制要求，则应采取相应措施。
(二)冷却水管使用及其控制
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
?冷却水管使用前进行压水试验，防止管道漏水、阻水，通水时间在1h左右，对于管道漏水、阻水的部位立即进行修复。
? 冷却水管进水口处设置分水器，每层冷却水管设置两个分水器，分水器设置泄压阀门;每套水管设置单独的阀门，并对每套水管逐一编号，
? 混凝土浇筑到各层冷却水管标高后开始通水，各层混凝土峰值过后尽快减缓或停止通水，冷却水流量控制应委派专人管理;
? 冷却水采用江水，考虑到潮汐的影响，落潮后不便直接在江中取水，建议设置蓄水池，待涨潮后及时更换冷却水;冷却水温度稳定，承台冷却水温不高于30?。
? 升温时段通水流量使流速达到0.65m/s以上，流量应大于45L/min，形成紊流，降温时段，可通过水阀控制减缓通水，使流速减半，水流平缓，以层流状态冷却混凝土;
? 经水箱水位与冷却水管高差水压计算，可利用两者水压力供水。
(三)内外温差控制
对于大体积混凝土，由于水化放热会使温度持续升高，在升温的一段时间内应加强散热，如加大通水流量、降低通水温度等。当混凝土处于降温阶段则要保温覆盖以降低降温速率。
根据累年气象资料，浇筑期降水较多，有出现龙卷和雷暴天气的可能。如遇气温较低或突遇大风降温天气，侧壁可采用钢吊箱壁板外包裹土工布保温，承台表面可采用整块塑料薄膜加土工布保温保湿。在承台施工完毕侧壁拆模后，施工基坑宜尽快回填土体为承台保温，利用地下恒温保护承台混凝土，避免温度裂缝。
除此之外，涨落潮对钢吊箱温度的影响也不可忽视，低潮时，钢吊箱钢板经slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
太阳暴晒，温度可达50?;而当涨潮时，钢吊箱壁板被海水淹没，温度也降至海水温度。因此，在低潮位时，通过向钢吊箱侧板洒水，以降低内外温差。
混凝土保温充分、时间足够长，让混凝土慢慢冷却，拉应力会在砼徐变作用下部分松驰，直到温差达到允许范围，可有效控制裂缝的产生。 (10)温控标准
我单位将结合仿真计算结果和已有现场经验，按照施工流程，从配合比优化到养护完成提出混凝土性能、工艺要求、混凝土温度目标、保温养护要求等控制指标。
(11)现场监控
为做到信息化施工，真实反映各层混凝土的温控效果，以便出现异常情况及时调整温控措施，在每个承台混凝土中布设温度测点，它是温控工作的重要环节。我单位将根据承台结构和温度场计算结果，拟在承台每个浇筑块的1/4区域内布设温度传感器，在检测混凝土温度变化的同时，还应监测气温、冷却水管进、出口水温、混凝土浇筑温度等。
?监测仪器及元件
温度检测仪采用JGY-100型智能化数字多回路温度巡检仪，温度传感器为PN结温度传感器。
?监测元件的布置
测点的布置按照重点突出、兼顾全局的原则。根据结构的对称性和温度变化的一般规律，在主塔承台沿桥中心线对称的一侧布设测点。温度传感器在每层混凝土接近中心线上布置，该区域能够代表整个混凝土断面的最高温度分布。在平面内，由于靠近表面区域温度梯度较大，因此测点布置较密，而中心区域混凝土slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
温度梯度较小，因此测点布置减少。
?监测元件的埋设
参照《混凝土大坝安全监测技术规范》(SDJ336,89)，并根据桥梁大体积混凝土的特点加以改进，由具有埋设技术和经验的专业人员操作。为保护导线和测点不受混凝土振捣的影响，用角钢及减震装置进行保护，监测元件埋设示意图见下图:
监测元件埋设示意图
?现场监测要求
各项测试项目在混凝土浇筑后立即进行，连续不断。混凝土的温度监测，峰值以前每2h监测一次，峰值出现后每4h监测一次，持续5天，然后转入每天测2次，直到温度变化基本稳定，每次观测完成后及时填写记录表。
在检测混凝土温度变化的同时，还应监测气温、冷却水管进出口水温、混凝土浇筑温度等。
?温控监测流程
在混凝土浇筑前完成传感器的选购及铺设工作，并将屏蔽信号线连接到现场测试间巡检仪上，各项测试工作在砼浇筑后立即进行，连续不断。温控监测流程slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
图如下图所示:
选购传感器 标定传感器
选购屏蔽线 接长电缆线
布保护角钢 预埋传感器
电缆保护
接驳仪器
施工控制 实时测量 数据整理 成果报告
温控监测流程图
控制预案 (12)
如果现场施工过程中监测温度超出温控标准，可采取下列应对措施:
?监测浇筑温度超过控制范围，可采取粗骨料洒水、遮阳降温，拌合水投冰或制冷机组冷却拌和水。
?监测承台混凝土内表温差偏大，可以增厚保温层、加大通水流量，外保内散，降低温差。
?监测承台混凝土降温速率过快，可以减缓或停止冷却水管通水，增厚保温层，减少降温阶段散热量。
?天气预报有气温骤降的情况时，增厚承台外露面保温层，可能的情况下尽快回填。
2.2.3.8主桥P30墩、P31墩承台防撞设施施工
主桥P30墩、P31墩承台在施工时在靠近航道的侧面预埋悬挂锁链，在承台slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
施工结束后在承台侧面预埋锁链处安装2500H×2500L/1500H×2500L防舷材，防舷材同时与承台上灯杆基座之间采用U型锚锭材连接，形成承台的防撞设施。 2.3桥梁墩柱施工
本工程引桥P1墩—P23墩、P39墩—P55墩，边桥P24墩—P28墩、P34墩—P38墩墩柱采用Y型花瓶墩，桥段高度在6m,30m之间，均采用定型钢模板进行现浇施工。本工程计划投入80t履带吊4台用于引桥、边桥墩柱施工，另外在P34墩、P35墩、P36墩共计3个墩的海上钢平台上分别单独布置1台200t.m塔吊用于墩柱及后续桥面连续箱梁施工。由于桥墩分为花瓶段和直线段，因此墩柱施工时直线段墩柱采用翻模工艺进行施工，花瓶段墩柱根据混凝土合理浇筑高度大小(6m?H?8m)采取一次浇筑或者分层浇筑混凝土。墩柱施工进度:按照H=6m标准节段施工，每个节段施工周期为3天。
2.3.1墩柱测量施工
墩柱施工前先在承台顶面进行施工放样，人工凿毛墩柱与承台接合面，淡水清洗凿毛面后，校正墩柱预埋钢筋平面位置及竖直度;并在墩柱钢筋根部设置模板安装限位撑。
2.3.2墩柱施工临时操作平台
为了便于钢筋安装、模板施工、混凝土浇筑以及确保施工安全，墩柱施工拟采取在钢模板上设置可移动式施工钢吊架。钢吊架采用[16a槽钢制作，并铺设木板，在设计上分上、下两层，上层钢吊架为施工操作层，下层钢吊架为墩柱外观修补作业层。施工吊架的上下移动通过设置在钢模板上的6个5t手拉葫芦倒链完成。
在钢吊架上层施工操作层上设置φ48×3.5mm钢管脚手架以便钢筋安装操slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
作，同时在钢平台上靠近墩柱附近设置钢套梯，操作人员通过钢套梯进入可移动式施工钢吊架进行作业施工。
2.3.3墩柱钢筋安装
(1)钢筋施工定位架:钢筋在现场绑扎成型，为了增加抗风稳定，拟采取在墩内设置型钢定位架(槽钢加工)，其底部固接于承台顶面，控制主筋平面位置和竖向挠曲，并具抗风能力。定位架分段安装，每次安装高度略大于墩柱钢筋绑扎高度，在墩柱封顶砼施工前逐段拆除定位架。
(2)主筋安装拟采用直螺纹套筒对接钢筋。钢筋由吊机吊入墩内，人工将钢筋逐根按定位框放样点固定，逐根将主筋底端穿入连接套内，采用直螺纹套筒连接工艺。水平箍筋安装，沿高度方向测出两层水平线，依据水平线尺量放样安装。
(3)施工时将注意上部结构移动模架托架铁件的预埋。
(4)钢筋在陆上施工场地内加工成半成品，通过海上驳船运输运至现场，利用位于钢平台上履带吊吊至施工作业面。
(5)主筋规格采用10m定尺，通过CABR直螺纹连接器接长。 2.3.4墩柱模板安装
(1)模板设计与加工
为确保墩柱外观质量，模板均以刚度控制设计。面板为大块较厚钢板，骨架采用型钢制作，平整度要求高，模板间连接采用螺栓栓接及拉杆对拉。
模板加工，拟用工厂化工作平台，胎模上加工骨架和组焊面板，经过试拼校正出厂使用。
(2)模板安装:墩柱模板均采用定型分段钢模板，安装时采用履带吊分节slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
分段拼装。
2.3.5墩柱混凝土施工
(1)砼拌和及运输
砼采用岸上砼搅拌站拌制或是海上混凝土搅拌船拌制，采用泵送砼入模，要求砼可泵性强，和易性好，根据不同季节控制砼的坍落度:冬季砼坍落度8cm,10cm，夏季砼坍落度要求12cm,14cm左右，秋季10cm左右。
(2)砼浇注采取泵送砼，经串筒将砼输送到模板底部，使砼自由落体高度不大于2m。砼浇注采用分层法，每层厚度不大于30cm。砼振捣棒振捣砼以其作用半径为振点间距，均匀分布，振捣效果以不起气泡为度。振捣时不紧贴模板和碰撞钢筋，以免除砼外观质量的缺陷。振捣砼必须做到不过振、不漏振，并注意预埋铁件的保护。
2.4主桥塔柱施工
本工程主桥P29墩—P33墩索塔塔柱均由桥面连续梁底部下塔柱墩身、桥面斜拉索上塔柱、塔冠三部分组成，活动端 P29墩、P33墩塔柱高度为76m，固定端P30墩、P32墩塔柱高度为83.84m，固定端P31墩塔柱高度为88.88m，其中桥面斜拉索上塔柱高度均为40m(其中根部9m与桥面0#块箱梁同步浇筑)，塔冠高度均为7m。索塔塔柱施工时按照先施工桥面连续梁底部墩柱;待桥面0#块箱梁现浇施工完成后，再施工桥面斜拉索塔柱，塔柱的分离式锚定处混凝土采取在桥面箱梁上搭设现浇支架分二次浇筑混凝土;最后施工塔冠。索塔塔柱除了墩柱根部采用定型钢模现浇、桥面斜拉索塔柱的分离式锚定处混凝土采用支架现浇外，其余部位采用钢模爬模工艺进行施工。本工程计划投入塔柱钢模板4套，考虑周转2次，5台300t.m塔吊用于P29墩—P33墩主桥塔柱、桥面连续梁、斜拉slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
索施工。
2.4.1塔柱施工节段划分
塔柱施工采用钢模爬模工艺进行施工，结合塔柱结构特点、塔柱总高度以及大体积海工混凝土的温控要求，将活动端 P29墩、P33墩塔柱(扣除与桥面0#块箱梁共体的9m节段、下塔柱根部10m节段)施工分成13个节段，其中含塔冠1节段7m，上塔柱8节段(每节段3.875m)，下塔柱4节段(每节段4.75m);将固定端P30墩、P32墩塔柱(扣除与桥面0#块箱梁共体的9m节段、下塔柱根部12.84m节段)施工分成15个节段，其中含塔冠1节段7m，上塔柱8节段(每节段3.875m)，下塔柱6节段(每节段4m);将固定端P31墩塔柱(扣除与桥面0#块箱梁共体的9m节段、下塔柱根部14.88m节段)施工分成15个节段，其中含
，上塔柱8节段(每节段3.875m)，下塔柱6节段(每节段4.5m)。 塔冠1节段7m
2.4.2测量控制
主塔施工测量重点是保证塔柱、分离式锚定、索导管等各部分结构的倾斜率、垂直度、外形几何尺寸、平面位置、高程以及一些内部预埋件的空间位置。主塔施工前，在边桥P28墩、P34墩布设一级施工控制网点，以确保主塔的施工。 (1)主塔中心点测设及控制
设置于承台、塔座、横梁以及塔顶的塔中心点，采用GPS卫星定位静态测量测设，以全站仪三维坐标法校核。
(2)高程基准传递
高程基准传递方法以全站仪EDM三角高程对向观测及水准仪钢尺量距法。 (3)塔柱施工测量
塔柱施工放样的目的是确保塔柱以及细部结构的几何形状、垂直度、平面位slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
置、高程满足规范及设计要求。塔柱施工首先进行劲性骨架定位，然后进行塔柱钢筋主筋边框架线放样，最后进行塔柱截面轴线点、角点放样及塔柱模板检查定位与预埋件安装定位，各种定位及放样以全站仪三维坐标法为主。
?轴线点、角点坐标计算
根据施工设计图纸以及主塔施工节段划分，建立数学模型，编制数据处理程序，计算主塔截面轴线点、角点三维坐标，计算成果编制成汇总资料，报监理工程师以及测控中心审批。
?劲性骨架定位
塔柱劲性骨架是由型钢和钢筋加工制作而成，定位精度要求不高，其平面位置不影响塔柱混凝土保护层厚度即可。
?塔柱主筋框架线放样
塔柱主筋框架线放样即放样竖向钢筋内边框线，其放样精度要求较高，否则钢筋会影响塔柱混凝土保护层厚度。
?塔柱截面角点放样
根据施工图纸事先算出每一节模板顶口的理论坐标，现场用极坐标法放样。做法如下:在每一节模板安装定位前，在劲性骨架四拐处焊上钢板(高程控制比理论模板顶口高20厘米)然后选择有利的时段进行放样，模板定位时，操作人员用拉线法配合目视法进行模板定位，等所有工序完成后，准备浇混凝土前，用极坐法直接测出模板顶口的四角点的实际三维坐标，与理论值相比较，如发生偏差超出规范，进行调整，直到满足规范要求。
?塔柱模板检查定位
根据实测塔柱模板角点及轴线点高程，计算相应高程处塔柱角点及轴线点设slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
计三维坐标，若实测塔柱角点及轴线点三维坐标与设计三维坐标不符，重新就位模板，调整至设计位置。塔柱壁厚检查采用检定钢尺直接丈量。
?施测时间
为减少大气、温度、风力、风向等外界条件对放样点位及塔柱模板检查定位影响，测量作业选择在气候条件较为稳定、塔柱受日照变化影响较小的时间段内进行。
(4)分离式钢锚梁混凝土现浇块施工测量
根据设计及施工要求，在底模板上放样横梁特征点，并标示桥轴线与塔中心线。待钢锚梁现浇块侧模支立后，同样进行钢锚梁现浇块顶面特征点及轴线点模板检查定位，调整钢锚梁现浇块模板至设计位置，控制钢锚梁现浇块模板垂直度。采用精密水准仪几何水准法标示钢锚梁现浇块顶面高程控制线。
在浇筑钢锚梁现浇块混凝土过程中，进行钢锚梁垂直位移观测及支架变形观测。
(5)钢锚梁及主塔索导管定位
主塔钢锚梁及索导管安装定位难度大、精度要求高。为确保工期和索导管安装定位质量，采取以全站仪三维坐标法安装定位主塔钢锚梁及索导管。设计数据控制中进行主塔锚固点与主梁锚固点中心线的投线复算与几何点的归算检验。钢锚梁安装关键控制轴线和高程，使主塔轴线与钢锚箱结构轴线重合，确保索导管相对于钢锚梁及主塔的水平倾角、横向偏角、偏距及中心位置正确。全站仪测量测站布设于边桥P28墩、P34墩，一级加密控制点经监理、测控中心复核批准。为保证测量精度，测量作业前进行公共点测量。若索导管、钢锚梁定位控制测点实测三维坐标与设计三维坐标不符，重新就位索导管、钢锚梁，调整至设计位置。 slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
为确保钢锚梁及索导管安装定位精度，锁定测站控制点、后视控制点、后视校核控制点。主塔索导管定位及竣工测量，要求全站仪三维坐标法正倒镜两测回观测。
(6)索塔锚固区预抬量设置
为消除索塔砼收缩、徐变和塔柱弹性变形的影响，索塔设置预抬量，在塔柱施工至索塔上塔柱斜拉索锚固区底部时对该处标高进行调整，施工时动态监控该数值，以确保斜拉索在塔上锚固位置的准确。
2.4.3塔柱施工方法
塔柱总高度为:活动端 P29墩、P33墩塔柱高度为76m，固定端P30墩、P32墩塔柱高度为83.84m，固定端P31墩塔柱高度为88.88m。
P29墩、P33墩塔柱(扣除与桥面0#块箱梁共体的9m节段、下其中活动端
塔柱根部10m节段)施工分成13个节段，固定端P30墩、P32墩塔柱(扣除与桥面0#块箱梁共体的9m节段、下塔柱根部12.84m节段)施工分成15个节段，固定端P31墩塔柱(扣除与桥面0#块箱梁共体的9m节段、下塔柱根部14.88m节段)施工分成15个节段。
(1)塔柱总体施工方法
根据塔柱结构特点、断面结构形式以及施工工艺，塔柱外模采取钢模爬模及可移动式施工吊架进行施工。
(2)塔柱劲性骨架
在桥塔下塔柱、上塔柱结构施工时均布置劲性骨架。布置劲性骨架一是增加塔柱的刚度，二是能作为塔柱钢筋、模板、斜拉索定位管安装施工时的附体和定位架。劲性骨架采用型钢格构柱形式，单个格构柱之间用型钢进行水平焊接连接，slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
形成一个整体框架。参照各塔柱施工节段高度对劲性骨架分节，部分节段加工高度根据施工节段高度进行适当调整,其余均为标准高度劲性骨架，依次接高。
进入现场的性骨架在拼装安装前应进行验收，验收合格后安装施工。劲性骨架安装时位置对号入座。考虑到校正的微调和临时固定，先用内衬型钢用螺栓临时连接，再由测量人员测量并提供精确的斜率进行校正。校正时，先用钢尺垂直劲性骨架向外伸出，由测量人员用对讲机遥控指挥，确保尺头与扳正斜率的经纬仪横丝重合，劲性骨架由钢足上的读数控制。横桥向位置校正后，进行纵桥向位置校正。校正后采用电焊四周满焊连接。
(3)塔柱钢筋施工
?钢筋施工工艺流程
劲性骨架安装到位
钢筋加工
按设计图放出主筋位置线线
钢筋运输
安装主筋接长
水平筋绑扎
倒角筋绑扎
拉勾筋绑扎
防裂钢筋网片安装
保护层安装
?钢筋加工及运输
根据设计要求直径?25mm钢筋采取滚轧直螺纹接头连接，钢筋按照同一断slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
面上接头错开50% 上、下断面最小间距不小于35d;主筋上、下二个接头断面间距按150cm设置，每个接头连接断面按50%接头错开。
塔柱钢筋加工制作在后场钢筋加工厂区进行，根据施工节段施工需要主筋定尺长度为9.0m;水平筋及拉筋根据图纸尺寸进行配料。
由于塔柱钢筋尺寸种类较多，因此，每节段钢筋加工完成后，按照钢筋的型号与种类分类堆放并编号。
加工好的半成品钢筋通过P37墩临时出运码头装船倒运至主桥P29墩—P33墩施工钢平台上。
钢筋绑扎、固定的总体施工顺序与主筋直螺纹连接工艺、塔柱钢筋的布置位置有关，总体的安排顺序为:先安装并接长主筋，再安装环向水平筋，最后安装拉钩钢筋以及防裂钢筋网片。
主筋连接方法: 测量先在已经按装到位的劲性骨架上放出塔柱纵、横轴线，钢筋施工人员根据塔柱纵、横轴线，在劲性骨架上放出钢筋安装位置线;在塔吊辅助下，起吊主筋，并将其与下面主筋对接，使用管钳旋转套筒，将二根钢筋连接起来;再根据劲性骨架上放出主筋位置，使用“[”钢筋进行主筋定位固定。
环向水平主筋安装与绑扎施工方法:先在已经安装并定位主筋侧面，使用石笔按照环向水平筋位置标出其安装位置，人工将环向水平筋安装到位，使用扎丝绑扎固定。
拉钩钢筋施工方法:人工直接将其钩上钢筋安装到位，为了防止拉钩钢筋的松动，拉钩钢筋一头要使用扎丝绑扎固定。
所有钢筋绑扎完成后，按照设计要求完成侧面防裂钢筋网片安装。最后安装钢筋保护层，钢筋保护层采用厂家生产的砼保护层垫块。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(4)塔柱模板施工
根据塔柱的外形尺寸及结构特点，外模采用定型钢模,其选用标准和通用部件及部分“非标准件”组合，与可移动式施工吊架配置而成一套高塔施工用钢模爬模系统。
(5)塔柱混凝土设计与施工
?塔柱混凝土配合比设计及施工要点
塔柱混凝土设计采用海工耐久性混凝土，其配合比必须经过试拌，采用早强缓凝和流动性大的混凝土。
混凝土的灌筑方法拟采用海上混凝土搅拌船泵送为主，要求在输送时需有足够的输送能力。为防止输送泵在泵送过程中出现故障造成灌筑的中断，还以吊运灌筑为补救措施。在用吊斗下灰时，以侧面倾倒，滑槽下灰厚度要加以控制，每层不得超过30cm，混凝土的灌筑连续进行，如因故间断时，其间断时间小于前层混凝土初凝时间或能重塑的时间。
每层混凝土施工方法如下:每层厚度30cm混凝土布料完成后，使用振捣棒跟进振捣，振捣间距按50,60cm进行控制，振捣时，振捣棒采用30、50、70型配合，在施工过程中，振捣棒插入混凝土内，上、下层混凝土振捣时将振捣棒插入下层混凝土内5,10cm，每一处振捣快插慢拔，振捣至该处混凝土不再下降，气泡不再冒出，表面出现泛浆为止。浇筑至斜拉索锚固区时，由于有钢锚梁钢板和大量的剪力钉，采用30或50型的振捣棒加强针刀，确保砼密实，并加强养生。
混凝土浇筑期间，安排专人检查预埋钢筋、冷却水管、预埋件的稳固情况，对松动、变形、移位等情况，及时将其复位并固定好。
?混凝土施工缝处理及缺陷修补
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
每次混凝土浇筑完毕后，以模板顶口线为基准，对靠近模板、宽约1.5cm的混凝土顶面内外接缝作修正、压实、抹平处理，在进行施工缝凿毛时，严禁破坏这条接缝，以确保上下层混凝土接缝顺直。凿毛由人工完成，当处理层混凝土强度达到2.5MPa时，由人工开始凿除混凝土表面的水泥砂浆和松软层，经凿毛处理的混凝土面用压缩空气或高压水清理干净。塔柱与横梁连接的竖向施工缝，在横梁支架搭设完成后进行。测量先在塔柱上放出横梁与塔柱连接断面的外边线，根据边线位置对其内部进行凿毛。
塔柱混凝土脱模后，及时利用爬模架的挂兰脚手，对有缺陷的塔柱混凝土表面、模板接口的麻面等进行认真的修补和装饰，做到补后不留痕迹达到外观美
?混凝土养护
塔柱施工过程中对混凝土采用喷涂养护液的方法进行养护。 2.4.4主桥分离式钢锚梁处现浇混凝土块施工
主桥分离式钢锚梁处现浇混凝土块采取在桥面0#块箱梁顶面搭设钢管贝雷架进行现浇施工，施工时混凝土分两次浇筑，钢锚箱中间部分混凝土为第二次浇筑区域，钢锚梁在现浇块混凝土浇筑前安装就位并固定好。
第三节 引桥箱梁现浇、边桥箱梁悬浇、主桥箱梁悬浇及钢梁吊装施工
本工程引桥A1台—P23墩、P39墩—A2台上部结构箱梁采用单箱单室等截面预应力混凝土箱梁，采用移动模架现浇工艺施工;边桥P23墩—P28墩、P34墩—P39墩上部结构箱梁采用单箱单室变截面预应力混凝土箱梁，采用挂篮悬浇工艺施工;主桥P28墩—P34墩为五塔双索面斜拉桥，上部结构箱梁采用单箱三室变截面预应力混凝土箱梁，采用挂篮悬浇工艺施工，中间合拢段钢箱梁采用浮吊整体吊装工艺施工。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
3.1引桥第1单元—第5单元、第9单元—第12单元箱梁移动模架现浇施工
本工程烈屿端、金门端引桥分别采用预应力混凝土等高斜腹板单箱单室连续箱梁，其中烈屿端5个单元5联23孔箱梁，金门端4个单元4联17孔箱梁。根据桥段特点及现场施工情况，拟在本工程烈屿端引桥、金门端引桥共投入1台移动模架进行连续箱梁现浇施工，移动模架周转使用1次。
烈屿端引桥连续箱梁移动模架施工从A1台往P23墩方向施工，当烈屿端引桥连续箱梁移动模架施工结束后，拆除移动模架转移至金门端引桥连续箱梁，金门端引桥连续箱梁移动模架施工从A2台往P39墩方向施工。
每单元连续箱梁按照下列顺序施工:浇筑第1桥孔箱梁腹板、顶板及隔梁第1次混凝土至第2桥孔箱梁施工缝处?经养护后进行第1桥孔箱梁预应力张拉?移动模架前移至第2桥孔调整外模板?安装第2桥孔箱梁底板钢筋并浇筑混凝土?安装第2桥孔箱梁腹板钢筋、预应力钢绞线及内模?进行上第1桥孔箱梁隔梁的第二次混凝土浇筑?安装第2桥孔箱梁顶板钢筋?浇筑第2桥孔腹板、顶板及隔梁第1次混凝土至第3桥孔箱梁施工缝处?经养护后进行第2桥孔箱梁预应力张拉，如此往复施工至每联箱梁结束。
本工程计划每台移动模架安排2台汽车泵同时输送。
具体施工方案及工艺要求:
3.1.1移动模架拼装及移动模架预压方案
移动模架进场后，按照厂家指导进行拼装，拼装结束后，应采用砂袋按照箱梁的荷载分布情况对移动模架进行箱梁等载等分布预压，以消除移动模架的弹性、非弹性变形。
3.1.2预拱度设置
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
根据预压取得移动模架工作的各项参数，绘出移动模架加卸载变形曲线图，计算出移动模架的综合刚度系数，并监测钢箱主梁挠度及加载预压后的挠度变化情况。当移动模架安装完成后，即可进行标高及中线调整。模板控制标高=设计标高+施工预留拱度。设计标高由设计院提供。施工预留拱度由设计院提供的理论预留拱度结合现场移动模架施压测试数值(如弹性变形值)及已完箱梁的实测标高等因素计算而得。每节段施工的标高控制包括三个关键工况:移动模架浇筑前定位标高;混凝土浇筑后标高;预应力张拉后标高。综合分析后，设置合理的预拱度，为使完成后的箱梁在纵向线型保持平顺美观，符合设计要求。对前几段施工的箱梁进行监测，并做好记录。
3.1.3模板制作及安装
A、模板制作要求
1、外模板由腹板、翼板及其千斤顶支撑拼装组成，采用定型钢模板，底模也采用定型钢模板，底模、侧模与移动模架组装成一个整体。为确保桥轴线及腹板外观线型顺直美观，侧模在使用前应进行试拼，消除拼缝错台现象。
2、内侧模面采用钢模板，纵向劲板采用角钢(5*5CM)，间距为50CM，纵横向采用钢管支撑，并用钢管竖向支撑,钢管横排间距约为70CM，纵向间距为100CM。钢管底部用φ20钢筋直接支在垫块上,并与底板钢筋焊接。
3、张拉端端模采用钢模板，并预留钢筋及波纹管孔道，确保锚垫板位置准确就位。封端模板采用4mm钢板，要求表面平整，尺寸准确。 B、模板的要求
1、支座安装
(1)支座垫石施工时标高降低3CM，预留3CM作为安装支座时压浆用;当slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
考虑采用垫石与支座整体施工时可不考虑压浆。
(2)底模支座位置要在模板安装前进行检查，检查内容有:横向位置、平整度，同一支座板的四角高差。
(3)根据温度、砼干缩徐变、张拉压缩变形调节活动支座的上下座板位置，支座板安装前位置应用螺栓固定。
2、底模
底模在正常使用时，应随时用水平仪检查底板的标高，平整度，不符合规定处均应及时整修。及时清除底板表面与橡胶密封处的残余灰浆。在砼浇注前应用空压机吹净底模上焊渣、杂物等。
3、外模板
(1)浇筑前检查:板面是否平整、光洁、有无凹凸变形及残余粘浆，模板接口处应清除干净，无错台现象。
(2)检查所有模板连接端部和底角有无碰撞而造成影响使用的缺陷或变形，模板竖向法兰焊缝处是否有开裂破损，如有均应及时补焊、整修。
(3)侧模与底模板的相对位置对准，用顶压杆调整好侧模垂直度，并与端模联结好。
(4)侧模安装完后，用螺栓联结稳固。调整其它紧固件后检查整体模板的长、宽、高尺寸及平整度等，并做好记录。不符合规定者，应及时调整。
(5)钢模检查其位置准确，连接紧密，侧模与底模接缝密贴且不漏浆。
(6)锚垫板的安装应严格按设计图纸施工，确保每孔梁上锚垫板位置准确无误。
(7)钢模板上采用不锈钢板。注意预留横隔梁预应力孔道，及工作孔; slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
4、内模
(1) 内模安装应根据模板结构确定，固定要稳固，保证不跑模、不漏浆。
(2)安装前应先检查模板是否清理干净，是否涂刷了隔离剂。内模拼成整
体后用宽胶带粘贴各个接缝处以防止漏浆。
(3)内模安装完后，检查各部位尺寸。
5、端模安装
端模安装应保证其垂直度，防止变形。安装前检查板面是否平整光洁、有无凹凸变形及残余粘浆。将波纹管及钢筋逐根插入各自的孔内后，进行端模安装就位。安装完成后，再次逐根检查是否处于设计位置。
3.1.4钢筋的制作安装
钢筋在加工场制作，现场安装绑扎一次成型，在绑扎时以普通筋让预应力筋为原则，先安装底、腹板钢筋，然后安装横隔梁及梁端钢筋，待芯模和波纹管安装后，最后安装顶板钢筋和预埋件。钢筋安装应与波纹管、模板安装交替进行。钢筋的搭接及焊接应按满足规范要求，箱梁外(底)模钢筋保护层垫块采用塑料垫块，箱梁内模位置采用砼垫块，并应绑扎牢固，以防露筋。钢筋保护层厚度的误差在(0，+10mm)以内。钢筋绑扎应横平顺直间距均匀，并按设计要求施工。按设计图纸要求预埋附属件包括护栏、伸缩缝、防雷装置等，位置应准确。钢筋焊接时，应采取防护措施防止损伤不锈钢模面。
3.1.5塑料波纹管和预应力束制安
(1)塑料波纹管制安
预应力管道采用扁形波纹管，波纹管进场时，生产厂家应提供试验报告、质量保证书和合格证，并应对其外观形状、主要尺寸及密封性进行检测。 slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
?安装前，按设计规定的管道坐标进行施工放样，设置定位筋。直线段定位钢筋最大间距不大于80cm，在钢束弯曲段加密定位筋，其间距要求不得大于
50cm。
?波纹管的接长连接:波纹管采用专用焊机进行焊接或采用本身具有密封性能且带有观测管的塑料结构连接器连接，避免浇筑砼时水泥浆渗漏及抽真空时漏气。浇筑砼时在管道内预先穿束，以防止管道变形及上浮。焊接时必须保证同一轴线上。
?波纹管与锚垫板的连接:用同一材料，同一规格连接头进行连接，连接后用密封胶封口。
?波纹管与排气管的连接:在波纹管上热熔排气孔，然后用同一种材料弧形排气接头连接，用密封胶缠绕。或采用带有排气管的密封连接器连接，其密封性能应满足真空度要求。
?所有管道的压浆孔，抽气孔应设在锚垫板上，并用海绵封孔，压浆管、排气管最小内径为20mm。
?预应力管道的尺寸与位置应正确，孔道应平顺，端部的预埋钢垫板应垂直于孔道中心线。
?管道在模板内安装完毕后，应将其端部盖好，防止水或其他杂物进入，锚固端必须要密封，防止砼水泥浆渗入。
?管道安装完后应用铁丝扎紧。
(2)预应力束制安
?钢绞线下料，应按设计孔道长度加张拉设备长度加余留锚外不少于100mm的总长度下料。切割时，应在每端离切口30~50mm处用铁丝绑扎，平放用slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
砂轮锯切割。
?钢绞线编束时须按各束理顺，每隔1~1.5m用铁丝捆扎，铁丝扣应向里，绑好的绞线钢束，应编号挂牌按要求存放。
?钢绞线应对号穿入波纹管内，同一孔道穿束应整束整穿或用穿索机将钢绞线逐根穿入。孔道内应畅通，无水和其他杂物。
?预应力筋安装在管道中后，管道端部开口应密封以防止湿气进入。对于露出部分必须采用胶带密封。
?任何情况下，当在安装有预应力筋的构件附近进行电焊时，对全部预应力筋和金属件均应进行保护，防止溅上焊渣或造成其他损坏。
?预应力钢绞线锚具外露部分要采取防锈措施。
3.1.6箱梁砼浇筑
箱梁高标号砼坍落度控制在16,20CM。砼浇筑采用两台汽车泵输送砼，浇筑顺序为:纵向砼先从前端墩柱开始，两边对称浇筑，完成对称浇筑后，向已完成跨浇筑直至完成;横向先从桥梁中心线开始对称浇筑，边顶模需提前浇筑，同时浇筑腹板，并防止内模被顶起。
底板砼先浇注靠近腹板两侧砼，砼从腹板进入;中间部分砼从顶模预留孔中进入。为了控制底板砼厚度，在脚手架竖向钢管上用红漆标出砼面位置。
腹板砼浇筑采用斜向分段、水平分层连续浇筑，水平分层厚度不得大于30cm，先后两层混凝土的间隔时间不得超过初凝时间。一般区域使用50型振动棒振捣，钢筋密集区采用35型振动棒。
在浇筑顶板砼时，由于箱梁顶面为2%横坡，故施工时应设置标高控制标志，slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
采用纵向布设4道[6.3槽钢控制顶面高程，同时作为提浆滚筒的轨道;在振捣过程中，随时测量，以保证横向线形。箱梁顶面砼初凝后用扫把拉毛，要求线条粗细均匀、顺直。
浇筑砼进行振捣时，应注意不能破坏波纹管，且不允许管道移位，尤其应避免管道上浮，以达到预应力的预期效果，防止破坏性的局部应力产生。为保证各节段新老混凝土的整体性，在浇筑箱梁新砼前，将旧混凝土的按触面凿毛洗净。 3.1.7箱梁砼养护措施
砼顶底板应在最后一次收浆拉毛后喷洒养护剂，防止砼表面失水出现裂缝;终凝后箱顶面用土工布或毛毯覆盖湿养护;养护水采用饮用水，并设专人养护专人管理;冬季施工应做好保温措施，根据内表温差情况确定养护时间，养护时间一般至少为7天。海工砼为高标号砼,其内部砼温度偏高，内外温差太大，为了防止出现温差及干缩裂缝。采取以下措施:
(1)箱内砼终凝后及时洒水养护，并通风加快内部散发速度，按要求加强砼内部温度监控。
(2)砼养护要不间断进行，专人负责，
(3)养护水要保持清洁，不得被泥浆污染，确保砼外观美观。 3.1.8预应力后张法施工工艺
纵向预应力均采用钢胶线，采用单端张拉，每束预应力锚下张拉控制以张拉力为主、钢绞线伸长量作为校核，做到张拉力与伸长量双控。纵向预应力束张拉顺序为:每个节段的连续钢束，在横截面上必须对称张拉，先张拉腹板束，再张拉顶、底板束。非连续钢束在全联混凝土浇筑完毕后，从首段逐孔对称张拉非连续钢束，先长束，后短束。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
当砼强度达到设计强度的85%,弹模达到设计的80%时方可张拉;首跨施工时应进行管道摩阻试验，锚圈口应力损失，以便准确计算理论伸长量及实际需张拉应力值。
1、设备的选择
A、千斤顶的选择:为保证张拉的安全可靠和准确性，千斤顶的吨位数宜控制在设计张拉力的1.2倍以上。
B、压力表选用
实际压力表读数Pu=(1.5~2.0NK/AU)
其中AU为张拉油缸面积，NK为张拉力，通过计算可得出压力表的读数。
2、张拉程序
(1) 第一步，先将钢丝束略微张拉以消除钢束松弛状态，并检查孔道曲
线，锚具和千斤顶是否在一条直线上，要注意钢束中每根钢铰线受力均匀。
(2) 当钢丝束初应力达到10%δk时，再开始正式张拉和量测伸长值。并
检查钢丝有无滑动，实际伸长值除量测值外，还应加上初应力时推算的伸
长值。以避免虚位移对量测的准确性产生影响。
(3) 张拉程序
张拉程序应遵循以下原则:横向对称分批张拉,均匀分级张拉。
0 ? 初应力10%δk ? 20%δk?100%δk(持荷5分钟自锚)
如果锚具出现滑丝、断丝或锚具损坏应立即停止操作进行检查，并做好详细记录。
每次张拉后应将下列数据如实记录:
?油表、千斤顶及油压泵的型号
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
?分级张拉应力值及伸长值读数
?在张拉完后的应力及伸长值读数
?回缩量
?千斤顶放松后保留的伸长值
3、张拉时安全防护措施及注意事项
(1) 工作锚板、工作夹片与工具锚板、工具夹片不能混用，工作锚板、工
作夹片不能作为工具锚重复使用。
(2) 锚具应妥善保管，使用时不得有锈水及其他污物，安装锚具前将锚固
夹持段钢丝上的浮锈及污物清除干净，以避免引起滑丝。
(3) 安装锚具时，锚板应支垫板齿口对正，夹片安装后要齐平。
(4) 从施加预应力到锚固后期间，除非采取有效屏蔽措施，操作人员不得
在锚具正前方活动，不能重力敲打钢丝或锚具。用砂轮切割多余钢丝，
禁止用电焊切割。
3.1.9预应力孔道压浆
本工程可采用真空辅助灌浆工艺进行孔道灌浆。
1、施工准备工作
a、应能制造出胶状稠度的水泥浆，压浆机必须能为0.7mp的常压连续作业。压力表在首次使用前必须及时检查，及时校准。
b、检查确认材料数量、种类是否齐备;检查机具是否完好;
c张拉完成后，切除外露的钢绞线(外露量?30mm，连续束应考虑连接长度)，将密封工具罩安装在锚垫板上进行封锚。工具罩在灌浆后3小时内拆除并清洗。安装时检查橡胶密封圈是否破损断裂，将密封罩与锚垫板上的安装孔对正，用螺slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
栓拧紧，注意将排气口朝正上方。
2、试抽真空
将灌浆阀，排气阀全都关闭，抽真空阀打开，启动真空泵抽真空，观察真空压力表读数，当管内的真空度维持在,0.08Mpa时，停泵约1min时间，若压力能保持不变即可认为孔道能达到并维持真空。
3、水泥浆制作
A、水泥浆的要求
水泥浆的配合比及有关性能应符合规范要求，水泥浆经过3小时泌水量不应超过2%。
B搅拌要求:搅拌水泥浆之前，加水空转数分钟，将积水倒净，使搅拌机内壁充分湿润。搅拌好的灰浆要做到基本卸尽。在全部灰浆出之前不得再投入未拌和的材料，更不能采取边出料边进料的方法。
C装料顺序
a先将称量好的水(扣除用于溶化减水剂的那部分水)，水泥，膨胀剂，粉煤灰倒入搅拌机，搅拌2min;
b将溶于水的减水剂倒入搅拌机，搅拌3min出料;
c水泥浆出料后应尽量马上泵送，否则要不停地搅拌;
d必须严格控制用水量，否则多加的水全部泌出，易造成管道顶端有空隙;
e对未及时使用而降低了流动性水泥浆，严禁采用增加水的办法来增加灰浆的流动性。
4、灌浆
a将水泥浆加到储浆罐中引到灌浆泵，灌浆泵高压橡胶管出口打出浆体，slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
待这些浆体浓度与灌浆泵中的浓度一样时，关掉灌浆泵，将高压橡胶管此端接到孔道的灌浆管上，扎牢。
b关闭灌浆阀，启动真空泵，当真空值达到并维持在-0.06-0.1Mpa值时，打开灌浆阀，启动灌浆泵，开始灌浆，灌浆过程中，真空泵保持连续工作。
c待抽真空端的透明塑料管内有浆体经过时，关闭真空机前端的真空阀，关闭真空机，水泥浆会自动从“止回排气阀”中顺畅流出，且稠度与灌入的浆体相当时，关闭抽真空端的阀门。
d灌浆泵继续工作，压力达到0.7Mpa左右，持压2min完成排气泌水，使孔道内浆体密实饱满，完成灌浆，关闭灌浆泵及灌浆阀门。
5、清洗
拆卸外接管路，清洗真空机的空气滤清器及管路阀门，清洗灌浆泵、搅拌机及所有占有水泥浆附件。
注意事项
1、锚头一定要密封好，最好在张拉完成后24h内开始灌浆。
2、灌浆管应选用牢固结实的高强橡胶管，抗压能力?1Mpa，带压浆管时不能破裂，连接要牢固，不得脱管。
3、严格掌握水泥浆的配合比，浆体材料误差不能超过下表的规定值。
1、 浆进入灌浆泵之前应通过筛子。
2、 灌浆工作宜在灰浆流动性没有下降的30-45分钟时间内进行，孔道一
次灌注要连续。
3、 压浆工作在一次作业中应连续进行不得停顿直到排浆液稠度与压注的
浆稠度相同。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
4、 孔道压浆应按自下而上的顺序进行。
5、 压浆人员要配戴防护眼镜，以防止泥浆喷出伤人。
3.1.10移动模架推进程序
起始跨混凝土浇筑完成直到第二跨砼浇筑完成的工况:
阶段 1:起始跨混凝土浇筑完毕:(图1)
图 1:第一跨完成
1、去除内外模板间的连接钢筋
2、降下前后主千斤顶，直到模板与混凝土分离。
3、合上托架滑动轮。
阶段 2: 荷载传递(图2)
在已完成的起始跨悬臂端处安装门型吊架、主千斤顶及吊架与主梁间的连接钢筋。
1、升起后主千斤顶，直到主梁滑轨离开推进小车上的滑板150mm，这时荷载由托架转移到门型吊架上。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
图 2: 安装门型吊架
2、安装后推进吊架，将主梁主千斤顶顶起，将主梁荷载通过4根φ36精扎螺纹
钢支撑在桥面上。使后托架上推进小车的滑板离开主梁150mm。(图8)
3、安装前鼻梁支撑横梁，并通过机械螺旋顶撑到前墩顶上。(图4)
图 4:正确安放前鼻梁支撑横梁
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
阶段 3:托架转运
1、连接推进小车与主梁间的就位调整油缸。(每个推进小车有3个油缸)放开推
进系统与主梁间的连接。(图5)
图 5:连接推进小车与主梁间的就位调整油缸 2、放松托架的精轧螺纹筋。
3、提升就位调整油缸，直到托架牛腿不再受力。
图 6:托架推进滑轮挂在轨道上
4、用托架上的横向推进油缸将托架下部支撑牛腿从墩柱预留孔中拔出。 5、通过连接的油缸将托架放低，直到推进滑轮完全挂在主梁内外侧的轨道上。(图6)
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
图7: 托架前移 6、合上内侧轨道上的反作用力滑轮。
7、放松主梁与推进小车间的油缸。
8、连接托架与电动较车间的连接钢缆。
9、通过电动绞车将托架向前滑动。(图7) 10、当托架到达下一安装位置，连接推进小车与主梁间的就位调整油缸。
11、 调节就位油缸直到托架到达正确位置。 12、向墩柱方向横移托架。
13、将托架重新调整就位。
14、安装托架精轧螺纹筋。
15、放松就位调整油缸。
16、安装推进油缸及防滑动系统。
阶段 4:荷载传递2(荷载传递到托架上) 1、降低前面的主千斤顶使其落回到后支撑托架上。 2、顶升前主千斤顶使中间吊架脱离垫块。 slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
3、去除垫块及稳定系统。
4、降低前横梁和墩顶之间的支撑千斤顶。
5、降低后托架上的前主千斤顶使主梁落到推进小车滑板上。 6、将主吊架降低150mm。
7、将前主千斤顶连接到主梁底部。
8、调整好后推进吊架的位置。(图8)
图 8: 后推进吊架就位
9、安装推进绞车到推进钢管上。
10、升起后推进吊架下的主千斤顶，现在MSS的荷载由门型吊架转移到了后推进
吊架上。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
图 9:去掉中央吊架及垫块
图10:前鼻梁支撑横梁螺旋顶
阶段 5:纵向推进
、将横梁及模板从中间分离。 1
2、向两侧横移。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
图 11:横移
3、向前推进，使用后托架上的纵向推进千斤顶。
4、推进到后推进绞车接近鼻梁滑轨的端头。如可能可将推进绞车直接滑出推进
钢管，如必要可对滑车进行高度及松紧调整。(图8)
6、推进到下一施工位置。
7、主梁向内横移重新连接横梁及模板
阶段6:第2跨
1、降低托架上的前主千斤顶。
2、将托架以及门型吊架上的主千斤顶升起，直到MSS处于正确标高。前主千斤顶比设计标高高10mm
3、降低前鼻梁支撑横梁上的支撑顶直到前鼻梁到达正确标高。可通过液压千斤
顶来帮助调整。
4、安装中央吊架与墩顶间的垫块
5、安装稳定系统
6、连接两侧的中央吊架。
7、完全放低前主千斤顶并挂到主梁底部。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
8、最后主梁支撑在门型吊架及中央吊架上。 阶段 7:托架转运2
1、重复阶段3中的操作。
2、完全打开托架滑动轮。
阶段8:荷载传递3
1、将主千斤顶支座由前托架装移到后托架上。 2、降低后托架上的主千斤顶。
3、升起前主千斤顶，直到中央吊架脱离垫块。 4、去除垫块及稳定系统。
5、调整前后托架上的主千斤顶直到主梁达到正确的施工标高。 6、拆除中央吊架。
7、降低前鼻梁支撑横梁直到前鼻梁撑到前推进小车上。 8、拆开前支撑横梁。
9、现在MSS支撑在门型吊架以及后托架的主千斤顶上 阶段9:第2跨混凝土施工完毕
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
图 11:第二跨完成
1、去除内外模板间的连接钢筋。
2、降下前后主千斤顶，直到模板与混凝土分离。
重复以上阶段，可进行第三跨的砼箱梁施工。
3.1.11引桥箱梁移动模架现浇施工总体安排
(1)组织机构设置
为优质高效地完成本段工程的施工任务，我单位将根据该工程项目具体情况及施工特点的具体要求，抽调富有桥梁工程施工经验的管理人员及业务骨干，组成精干高效的施工队伍进场，成立上部结构工区，作为现场负责组织实施本分项工程施工。本工区下设:施工技术组、安质组、后勤组等职能科室;各专业班组设钢筋班、模架班、砼浇捣班、张拉班、起重班。
工区主任由有丰富施工经验的张惠良担任，主管本段的全面工作，副主任负责现场施工管理及各工班的相互协调工作。各职能部门分工协作，确保工程正常进行。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
?施工技术组:主要负责执行实施性施工方案、图纸有关要求，编制月施工计划;负责班组技术交底，现场技术指导，测量放线、现场试验等工作。
安质组:负责制定保证施工质量及安全的规定、制度，并对施工现场的质?
量及安全进行有效的控制，最终达到质量及安全的目标。
?后勤组:编制材料计划、采购各种材料、保障工程施工顺利进行，并对现场各材料的使用，保管、现场堆放进行管理。负责机械的调配、维修和管理为工程的顺利实施做好保障工作。负责日常事务，组织和参加项目部生产例会，组织施工和安全生产及治安、保卫工作，职工生活，食堂卫生等工作。
?模架班:负责箱梁的外模及芯模的制作安装及落模，箱梁模板支架的搭设，拆卸工作，支座安装等工作。
钢筋班:该班组负责箱梁钢筋的加工，制作安装工作。 ?
?砼浇捣班:该组负责支点基础处理，箱梁的浇筑、砼养生等工作。
?张拉班:该班组负责波纹管制安、穿束、预应力钢绞线的张拉、压浆封锚等工作。
?起重班:该班组负责移动模架的拼装、过孔、移动就位及移动模架的保养等工作。
(2)工料机计划
?劳动力计划
根据本工程数量和进度要求，本工程烈屿端和金门端1个作业面共需要劳动力平均约投入65人/天，其中混凝土工10人，木工15人，钢筋工20人，起重工13人，机械工2人，张拉工5人。
?材料计划
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
为了保证工程按期完成，根据施工进度计划安排材料供应计划，并在开工
前作好材料的月计划，旬计划。
?机具设备计划
根据工程的规模及特点，组织足够的机械进场，提高机械效率，并考虑到
冬雨季施工因素影响，进场设备必须满足施工要求。
拟投入本分项工程主要施工机械表 机械名称 单位 数 量 规 格/型 号
拌和机 2HZS120 台 2
3台 拖泵 60m/h 2
台 砼汽车泵 SY5291THB-42/37 4
台 砼输送车 8m3 12
台 柴油发电机组 250KW 2 柴油发电机组 75KW 台 2
吊机 25T 台 2
台 装载机 ZL-40 2
台 对焊机 UN1-100 2
台 钢筋调直机 G40 2
台 钢筋切断机 GQ40B 2 钢筋弯曲机 GW40A 台 2
台 电焊机 DX-400/ AX-320×1 12 型材切割机 GQ40-A 台 4 平板式振动梁 直径φ20 台 2 插入式振动器 50/70 台 12
空压机 11KW 台 4 精密水准仪 AL25/DSZ2 台 2 钢绞线挤压机 YZ型 台 2 木工机械 套 2 张拉设备 350T 套 4
套 张拉设备 200T 4
套 张拉设备 26,30T 4
台 制浆机 400L 2
台 压浆机 3SNS 2
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
真空泵 SK-1.5 台 2
移动模架 套 1
履带吊 50T 台 2
(3)工程进度安排
每孔施工作业周期(第一单元需考虑移动模架、底模安装和预压工期):
1)移动模架过孔就位—2天;
2)底板、腹板钢筋绑扎，布置纵向预应力束—2天;
3)立芯模、绑扎顶板钢筋—2天
4)浇筑混凝土—1天
5)混凝土养护—7天
6)张拉预应力束、压浆—1天
单孔施工周期为15天，第一单元移动模架安装和预压工期为45天。 3.2边桥第6单元、第8单元箱梁挂篮悬臂浇筑施工
P28墩、金门端边桥第8单元P34墩—本工程烈屿端边桥第6单元P23墩—
P39墩分别采用预应力混凝土斜腹板变截面单箱单室连续箱梁，其中烈屿端边桥5孔箱梁跨径为:110m+3×160m+130m，其中0#块4节段(每节段长度10m)，P24墩共有对称悬浇箱梁15节段，P25墩共有对称悬浇箱梁19节段，P26墩共有对称悬浇箱梁15节段，P27墩共有对称悬浇箱梁19节段，边跨直线段2节段(每节段长41m),合拢段3节段(每节段长度2m);金门端边桥5孔箱梁跨径为:130m+3×160m+110m，其中0#块4节段(每节段长度10m)，P35墩共有对称悬浇箱梁19节段，P36墩共有对称悬浇箱梁15节段，P37墩共有对称悬浇箱梁19节段，P27墩共有对称悬浇箱梁15节段，边跨直线段2节段(每节段长41m),合拢段3节段(每节段长度2m)。根据桥段特点及现场施工情况，拟在本工程烈屿端边桥P23slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
墩—P28墩、金门端边桥P34墩—P39墩共投入4套挂篮进行连续箱梁悬浇施工，挂篮考虑周转3次。
第6单元箱梁挂篮悬浇施工顺序:P24墩、P25墩、P26墩、P27墩墩顶0#块箱梁现浇施工、P24墩0#块箱梁设置临时固结装置?P24墩、P25墩挂篮拼装、预压?P24墩、P25墩箱梁挂篮悬浇施工?P23墩—P24墩边跨箱梁支架现浇施工?P24墩—P25墩合拢段箱梁施工?将P24墩、P25墩挂篮移至P26墩、P27墩?P26墩、P27墩箱梁挂篮悬浇施工?P27墩—P28墩边跨箱梁支架搭设?P25墩—P26墩合拢段箱梁施工?P26墩—P27墩合拢段箱梁施工?P27墩—P28墩边跨箱梁支架现浇?拆除P24墩0#块箱梁临时固结装置
第8单元箱梁挂篮悬浇施工顺序:P35墩、P36墩、P37墩、P38墩墩顶0#块箱梁现浇施工、P38墩0#块箱梁设置临时固结装置?P37墩、P38墩挂篮拼装、预压?P37墩、P38墩箱梁挂篮悬浇施工?P37墩—P38墩合拢段箱梁施工?P38墩—P39墩边跨箱梁支架现浇施工?将P37墩、P38墩挂篮移至P35墩、P36墩?P35墩、P36墩箱梁挂篮悬浇施工?P36墩—P37墩合拢段箱梁施工?P35墩—P36墩合拢段箱梁施工?拆除P38墩0#块箱梁临时固结装置?P34墩临时吊塔及施工架拼装搭设、预压?P34墩施工架悬浇施工(往主桥、边桥方向对称施工)?拆除P34墩0#块箱梁临时固结装置
本工程施工进度:每个0#块箱梁节段现浇施工周期为30天，每个1#块、2#块箱梁节段悬浇施工周期为15天(考虑挂篮拼装、预压)，其余每个箱梁节段悬浇施工周期为7天，每个合拢段箱梁节段吊架施工周期为10天，每个边跨箱梁节段支架现浇施工周期为30天。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
3.2.1 0#块施工方法及步骤
(1)施工工艺流程
0#块施工工艺流程如下:
施工准备?安装永久支座?浇筑0#块箱梁临时固结垫块、安装临时钢管支撑体系?搭设钢管型钢支架?测量放样?安装底模?安装外侧模?底、腹板钢筋加工及绑扎，安装底、腹板波纹管?安装内模?绑扎顶板钢筋、安装顶板波纹管?浇筑砼? 张拉、压浆?卸落支架。
(2)施工方法及步骤
永久支座采用在主墩内预留地脚螺栓孔环氧树脂砂浆捣实铺砌安装。永久支座安装时按照合拢温度考虑。主墩墩顶设置临时固结支座。
块采用钢管、贝雷梁、型钢支架现浇施工，利用刚度较大的主墩承台作为0#
整个支架的刚性基础，并在0#块箱梁腹板的相应位置设置挂篮悬浇部分的临时支撑体系，临时支撑体系采用。现浇支架的组成依次为:(1)φ630×8mm钢管;(2)2I32a工字钢;(3)321型贝雷梁;(4)I16工字钢;(5)由木楔形垫块组成的卸落架;(6)由[10槽钢、[8槽钢组焊的三角形底模桁架片，用于调节0号块的底板坡度;(7)由10cm×10cm方木和δ=15mm竹胶板组成的底模面板。
在施工主墩承台时，在主墩承台顶砼表面0#块箱梁支架钢管相应的位置预埋锚固有φ25mm螺纹钢筋的尺寸为700mm×700mm×14mm的钢板，用来定位以上钢管，锚固钢筋为U型钢筋(带90?弯钩)，每块钢板设置3根，锚固钢筋外缘距离钢板边缘5cm，锚固深度45cm。
0#块底板处在主墩顶部分采用1.5cm厚竹胶板模板，具体施工方法是:先在墩顶依次垫放楔形垫块与钢横粱扁担，然后在钢横梁扁担上再依此次垫放楔形木slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
块与方木条，最后在其上覆竹胶板，保证其与支座顶水平，同时用全站仪放出墩顶中心。0#块其余底模采用新制大片钢模。
0#块墩顶两侧采用钢底模，顺桥向坡度由桁架片形成。侧模采用与挂篮上相同的侧模，并在侧模上、中、下及底部的位置分别设置拉杆对侧模进行加固，下面由纵、横向型钢支撑。0#块砼浇筑按先底板、再腹板、后顶板的顺序进行，浇
#筑时从0块两侧端部向墩顶对称进行。底板浇筑由内模顶开洞处下料(先开天窗，浇到再封)。浇筑砼时，支座的顶板将作为0#块局部的底模，施工中将承受0#块横隔板的少部分荷载，当悬臂施工开始后，由于在悬臂支点处结构承受负弯矩，支座将不参与受力。
0#块的支架卸落采用由木楔形垫块组成的卸落架，为了方便今后落架及拆除底模板，在横向I16工字钢分配梁上设置木楔形垫块。
高程及预拱度控制
底模、侧模的安装使用全站仪利用测量控制网进行平面位置放样，施工时确保平面位置及高程的准确。
##0块正式施工前,利用原有的三角网进行测量控制，0块施工完毕后将导线
#点、水准点合二为一，加密到0块的正中心(浇筑时事先埋好控制点)。
#0块支架、模板安装完毕后，在一侧底板上纵向等距布设3个测量控制断面, 每断面布3个有代表性的测量控制点。
0#块支架采用钢管型钢支架，基础落在砼承台上，通过支架的弹性变形检算得出施工时支架弹性变形δ为2mm，支架卸落装置采用木楔形垫块，因此支架1
的非弹性变性δ取3mm。 0
#施工时0块梁段施工控制标高除考虑支架系统的变形外，还应考虑梁段预应slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
#力钢束张拉后所产生的起拱值(δ)，悬浇梁段荷载对0块所引起的挠度(δ)，23基础、墩柱的压缩变形以及临时支撑梁解除后永久支座的变形δ，以上变形值4由设计单位(H)与监测单位(H)共同提供。在主桥施工时由此部分荷载引起SJJK
#的梁段变形值由监测单位(H)通过相应的计算确定，因此0块标高控制时采用JK
值为:
H=H+ H+δ+δ SJJK01
临时支撑体系
临时支撑体系是箱梁施工中的主要受力构件，施工期的所有荷载以及箱梁悬浇过程中两悬臂偶尔出现不对称荷载作用而产生不平衡力矩时，都是靠临时支撑、固结装置来承受。临时支撑、固结体系是保证箱梁施工安全及悬臂倾覆稳定的重要措施。本工程临时支撑体系由φ32mm精轧螺纹钢组成。
支架预压
0#块箱梁钢管型钢支架搭设完毕后对支架进行预压(墩柱两侧同时预压，一次浇筑)，以消除支架和模板的非弹性变形和地基的压缩沉降影响，同时取得支架弹性变形的实际数值，作为梁体立模的预拱值数据设置的参考。其预压重量采用恒载的1.2倍。
支架预压在底模拼装完成后钢筋绑扎前进行。预压方法依据箱梁砼重量分布情况，根据现场施工条件，支架预压采用砂袋，在实际操作中采用塑料薄膜包裹砂袋的方法来防水。预压加载顺序:分三级加载，第一次分别加载总重的30%，第二次加载总重量的40%，第三次加载总重的30%。
钢筋绑扎、预应力束孔道预埋及内模安装
钢筋首先在加工场下料，弯制成形，并在场地详细编号，后用吊机起吊至底slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
模板上绑扎，同时绑扎保护层垫块。钢筋绑扎按先底板后横隔梁、腹板、再顶板的顺序进行。
在底板、腹板和横隔梁钢筋绑扎完毕后，安装腹板预应力束波纹管;然后预埋固定挂篮的后吊杆预埋钢筋及孔道。吊带预留孔采用Φ50mm的硬塑料管成孔，并在预留孔内灌注干砂用胶带将孔口密封。另注意在梁底板最低处设置泄水孔，腹板上交错设置通风孔。
底板、腹板钢筋、纵向预应力束的波纹管均绑扎安装好后，即可进行端模、中隔梁模板及内模的安装。为方便拆装，内模采用木模板外钉三合板，横隔梁上人孔洞模板亦采用木模加工。
内模拼装结束后绑扎顶板底层钢筋并安装纵向预应力钢束波纹管，最后绑扎顶板顶层钢筋，并在相应位置埋设相关预埋件。
波纹管用定位筋精确定位固定，定位钢筋牢固焊接在钢筋骨架上，如果管道位置与骨架钢筋相碰时，应保证管道位置不变，仅将钢筋稍加移动。定位筋直线段间距不大于1m，曲线段间距不大于0.5m，并保证管道位置正确，接长波纹管用直径大一个级别的粗波纹管套在接头上，接管长度为其内径的6倍，并用胶带纸包裹，防止漏浆，然后安装锚垫板，锚具垫板及喇叭管尺寸正确，喇叭管的中心线与锚具垫板应严格垂直，喇叭管和波纹管的衔接应平顺采取可靠防漏浆措施，杜绝孔道堵塞。
0#砼浇筑
本工程每个0#块砼采用1台拖泵分管对称施工，混凝土由陆上混凝土拌和站及海上混凝土搅拌船供应。
#砼浇筑按先底板、再腹板、后顶板的次序进行，浇筑时从0块两侧端部向墩slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
顶对称进行。底板浇筑由内模顶开洞处下料(先开天窗，浇到再封)，人工摊铺均匀，插入式振捣器振实;腹板浇筑时，用砼泵的软管直接将砼引至浇筑点，采用插入式振捣器振捣，砼分层浇筑，分层厚度30cm左右，振动棒插入下层5至10cm;顶板砼先采用插入式振捣器振捣，在砼面上搭设木板平台，工人站在木板上进行振捣，防止压瘪波纹管;后用平板式振捣器振捣并整平，砼初凝前拉毛。振捣时准确掌握振捣时间，以砼停止下沉，不冒气泡，表面平坦、泛浆为好，做到既不欠振，又不过振，更不可漏振，振动棒快下慢上，确保砼振捣密实，振动棒离模板的距离控制在510cm，严禁振动棒碰到波纹管、预埋件和模板。 ,
锚垫板下钢筋较密，很难密实;横隔梁人洞下面由于人洞的影响，下料不太顺利，在振捣前将对现场操作工人做好交底工作。墩顶部支座位置采用人从腹板与横隔梁的交接处工人下去振捣。
在浇筑腹板时会有少许砼由于压力进入底板，使已浇筑底板上鼓，此时安排工人铲除鼓起部分砼，将铲除的和易性不好的砼丢弃。
砼浇筑完成待收浆后，即覆盖无纺土工布洒水养生，最少保持砼面湿润7d。
在砼浇筑过程中，试验人员做试块并同等条件养护，试压强度作为确定能否 张拉的依据。
张拉压浆
顶板纵向预应力束，腹板纵向预应力束的张拉在砼达到设计强度的90%，砼龄期不少于6天的前提下进行。预应力张拉顺序严格按照施工图要求顺序进行张拉，预应力钢束采用两端张拉时，两端应保持对称张拉，最大不平衡束不应超过1束，张拉顺序先腹板束，后顶板束，从外到内左右对称进行。
张拉过程采用张拉力和引伸量双控，预应力值以油压表读数为主，以预应力slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
伸长量进行校核，张拉过程中应保持两端的伸长量基本一致，理论伸长量与实际伸长量误差控制在?6%以内。
张拉完毕后两天内进行管道压浆，管道压浆采用真空压浆技术，水泥浆达到设计强度后，拆除横隔板内模及支架。
测量人员在砼浇筑前后测量模板的标高变化，验证预压数据，张拉前、张拉后3至5h再测模板高程。
0#块落架
当0#块浇筑完毕，混凝土达到设计要求的强度后，即张拉0号块中的悬浇束并压浆。此时，0#块的荷载是由支架均匀地承受的，为了安装挂篮，顺利地进行悬浇施工，必须拆除支架及底板，仅保留临时支撑体系。拆除时，先解除由木楔形垫块组成的卸落架，使得底板、格栅等逐步下落，与箱梁底脱开。这样就可以较方便地将底板、格栅逐步拆除。落架的过程就是0号块荷载从底板支架上平稳地转移到临时支撑体系上的过程。
3.2.2连续箱梁挂篮悬浇施工方法及步骤
(1)挂篮设计
# 现浇箱梁0块浇筑结束后，即进入箱梁悬浇部分施工。悬浇部分箱梁采用挂篮进行施工，挂篮设计时按照桥段悬浇箱梁长度、悬浇箱梁梁高变化、悬浇箱梁重量进行设计。本工程拟采用三角挂篮。
(2)挂篮组成
挂篮主要由主桁架系统、前上横梁、走行及锚固系统、底模系统、悬吊系统(前、后钢吊带及吊杆)、内外模板系统共五部分组成，挂篮的走行方式为无平衡重走行，挂篮抗倾覆稳定系数,2。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(3)挂篮的拼装
A.挂篮的加工制作
a.加工严格按设计图上的技术要求及公差配合进行挂篮杆件的加工制作。 b.外侧模竖框架，制作时应有工作平台及夹具，尽量消除焊接变形，确保连结模板后的面板的平整度。
c.对于重要部位的焊接应由有经验的焊工施焊，保证焊接质量。焊缝及加工件质量要求与验收办法应参照《钢结构工程施工及验收规范》执行。 d.出场杆件应有专人进行检查验收，不合格者禁止出场。
B.拼装程序
?找平铺枕
在浇筑0#段混凝土时要按设计要求，埋好精轧螺纹钢筋，待0#梁段张拉完毕后，用中粗砂找平铺枕部位。
? 铺设钢枕，前支座处铺3根钢垫枕，钢枕间距?50cm。
? 安装轨道
从0#块中心向两侧安装轨道各两根，轨道穿入箱梁腹板处预埋的φ25mm精轧螺纹钢，找平轨道顶面。量测轨道中心距无误后，用螺母把轨道锁定。 ? 安装前后支座
先从轨道前端穿入后支座，后支座就位后安放前支座。
? 吊装三角形主桁架
三角形主桁架分片吊装，放至前后支座上，为防止倾倒，可用脚手架临时支撑。
? 安装三角形主桁架之间的竖向连结系，连结系为L角钢焊接成的桁架与两10
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
侧三角形主桁架相连。
? 安装后锚
用长螺杆(Φ32mm精轧螺纹钢)和扁担梁将主构架后端锚固在已成梁段上，前支座处用扁担梁将主桁架下弦杆与轨道固定。
? 吊装前上横梁
前上横梁吊装前，在主构梁前端先安放作业平台，以便站人作业，作业平台应设防护栏杆。前上横梁与底横梁及吊带组装好后整体起吊安装。 ? 安装后吊杆
在0#梁段底板预留孔内，安装后吊杆，安放垫块，千斤顶和上垫梁，后吊杆从底板穿出，以便与底模架连接。底模架后横梁由2台倒链吊装。 ? 吊装底模架及底模板
在底模前后横梁上吊装底模纵梁，铺设底模面板。
? 安装内模及走行梁。
? 安装外模板及走行梁。
? 调整立模标高
根据设计院及监测单位提供的预拱度值、我工区自行设计的挂篮本身的弹性变形值，再加上设计立模标高值，为悬浇段的立模标高,施工过程中,我工区将委托科研机构对箱梁实际高程及变形进行全程监测,如与设计值有较大出入时,我们将会同有关部门查明原因进行调整。
(4)挂篮加载试验
挂篮首次拼装完成以后，需进行模拟加载试验，以确定系统在荷载作用下的变形，为预拱度的设置提供依据。如未进行理论计算，主桁架梁可先在地面上加slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
载预压，测定实际安全情况。
加载采用砂袋进行，加载总重量为施工时砼重量的1.2倍，进行分级加载，每级加载并持荷30min(60min)后分别测量标高数据，直到加至满载，先加挂篮端部。加载稳定后测量标高数据后分级卸载，先卸挂篮的根部。卸载后，计算出非弹性变形，然后推算出每级加载挂篮系统的变形程度，作为标高控制的依据。 (5)挂篮的悬臂灌注施工
每个T块从1#段开始，对称拼装好挂篮后即可进行悬臂灌注施工。 1.绑扎底板及腹板构造钢筋安装预应力管道。
2.安装内模架。
3.根据每一梁段的高度调整内模板。
4.安装端模板，并与内外模板连结。
5.绑扎顶板钢筋，安装预应力管道。
6.一次对称灌注1,梁段砼。
7.养护、卸落内模。
8.预应力张拉。
9.孔道压浆。
10.卸落侧模、底模。
11.挂篮行走。
(6)挂篮的行走
待1#块梁段施工完毕，挂篮即可行走，施工2#梁段。行走程序如下: 1.按上述要求找平梁顶面并铺设钢枕及轨道。
2.落底模架以及外模。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
3.放松倒链，使底模架悬挂在外模走行梁上。
4.拆除后吊杆与底模架的连结。
5.解除挂篮后端锚固螺杆。
6.轨道顶面安装2个5,倒链(一套挂篮)并标计好前支座的位置。 7.倒链牵引前支座使挂篮、底模架、外侧模一起向前移动。移动时挂篮后部底设10,保险倒链。
8.安装后吊杆，将底模架吊起。
9.在1#块梁段上安装外侧模走行梁后吊架。
10.调整立模标高，挂篮非弹性变形，通过1#段施工基本上已消除，在确定2#段的立模标高时，将根据挂篮弹性变形值、2#段设计立模标高及1#段的调整情况综合考虑。
(11)重复上述施工步骤进行3#块梁段施工，直至箱梁悬浇结束。 3.2.3边跨现浇段、边、中跨合拢段施工
(1)边跨现浇段
边跨现浇段采用搭设支架施工。在搭设支架施工时,我们将边墩承台作为支架的部分基础，采用搭设及插打钢管桩、贝雷梁、型钢满堂支架的方案，然后对所布置的支架进行等荷载等分布预压以消除支架的非弹性变形(支架预压方案同0#块支架预压方案)。
?在现浇支架底模上堆累砂袋进行预压，以消除支架的非弹性变形，计算支架弹性变形，设置好底模预拱度。
?安装边跨现浇段箱梁外侧模，绑扎底模、腹板钢筋并安装预应力管道、预应力筋。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
?安装箱梁内模，绑扎顶板钢筋，并安装预应力管道，内模由P3012型轻型钢模配合φ48×3.5mm钢管脚架组成。
?按底板、腹板、顶板顺序一次性浇筑直线段箱梁砼，砼由砼泵车供应。
?待砼强度达到设计值的90%，砼龄期不少于6天，张拉边跨现浇段纵向预应力束。在张拉边跨现浇段砼预应力束前解除底模围囹与12cm×15cm方木的连接，使底模处于活动状态，以减少张拉时箱梁砼底板与底模的摩阻力。
进行边跨现浇段预应力孔道压浆。
拆除模板支架。
(2)边(中)跨合拢段
边、中跨合拢段采用吊架施工，施工顺序为:先施工边跨合拢段、再施工中跨合拢段。
合拢段施工顺序为:
? 安装吊架，在悬浇段箱梁底板、翼板上预留孔洞，利用一套挂篮的底模、侧模和内模做为合拢段模板，利用φ25mm精轧螺纹钢做为吊杆，将底模、侧模、内模分别吊在箱梁底板、翼板、面板上。
? 在边(中)跨合拢段两侧配制与箱梁合拢段重量相当的由钢板焊制的水箱。 ? 绑扎底板、腹板钢筋，安装预应力孔道、预应力筋。
? 焊接边、中跨劲性骨架，按设计要求张拉临时预应力束。
? 全桥合拢段安排在日环境气温最低时合拢，合拢段施工时边浇筑砼，水箱边逐级减压重至零。
? 待砼强度达到设计值的90%，砼龄期不少于6天，张拉剩余预应力束。 ? 进行孔道压浆。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
? 拆除合拢段模板吊架。
(3)合拢段劲性骨架
在边跨现浇段浇筑完成后，砼的强度达到设计值的90%，砼龄期不少于6天，张拉边跨预应力连续束,拆除全部挂篮及临时支撑体系与临时固结，并于边跨合拢段两侧悬臂端上安装吊架，待边跨合拢段施工结束后，在中跨两侧悬臂端上安装吊架。
合拢段刚性支撑体系采用内、外刚性支撑, 施工箱梁最后一个悬浇块及边跨直线段混凝土时，在该悬浇块箱梁(悬浇块箱梁与边跨直线段)两侧的顶板及底板位置预埋刚性支撑预埋件，与已浇筑的箱梁混凝土连接在一起作为内、外刚性支撑骨架。
(边)中跨合拢段砼的强度达到设计要求后按设计图顺序张拉(边)中跨预应力连续束，该内、外刚性支撑在(边)中跨合拢段张拉完成后拆除。 3.2.4箱梁砼施工
(1)砼的拌制
混凝土的入模温度一般控制在10?,32?之间，其浇筑环境温度昼夜平均不低于5?或最低温度不低于-3?，局部温度也不高于+40?，否则采用经监理工程师批准的相应防寒或降温措施。冬季施工时，混凝土拌合物的出机温度不宜低于10?，入模温度不应低于5?，通过热工计算，确定集料和拌合用水所需的温度，当掺用氯化物于加热后的混合料时，其初凝时间应不早于浇筑结束。搅拌时间应比规范规定延长50%，在寒冷气候，混凝土强度未达到设计强度的30%前，混凝土不得受冻，混凝土浇筑完毕应立即采取覆盖等措施防寒保温。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(2)砼的运输
?砼由大型砼运输车运输，经拖泵送至施工梁段，两对称梁段通过0#块顶面泵管弯头交替进行两梁段底板、腹板和顶板的砼浇筑。
?本工程拟投入两台拖泵，在拖泵泵送过程中发生严重堵管而不能进行砼输送
时，将采取机动调配方式解决。
(3)砼的浇筑
砼浇筑采用箱梁全断面一次浇筑法，其浇筑顺序如下图所示:
箱梁砼浇筑顺序布置图
?先浇筑底板砼，再浇筑腹板砼，最后浇筑顶板砼，浇筑时沿桥的中心线对称进行。
?浇筑底板时泵送软管直接从梁端进入底模，腹板砼浇筑采用将泵送软管直接插入腹板内，以免砼产生离析现象，腹板内模随高度分层进行砼振捣。顶板砼用泵管由两侧翼板边缘向中间相向浇筑。梁段砼自前端开始向后浇筑，在浇筑梁段根部与前一浇筑段接合。
?砼浇筑前要严格检查钢筋、预应力管道、模板、预埋件等，检查合格后，经监理工程师签认后，方可浇筑砼。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
?浇筑砼时，避免直接将砼堆积在管道上，禁止操作人员在预应力管道上行走，人行道上应铺木板，以保证钢筋、预应力筋位置正确。
?为确保浇筑质量，试验人员应加强对混凝土质量的监控;作业人员应加强振捣，专人负责;钢筋工和木工亦应跟班作业，负责检查钢筋、预应力管道、箱梁模板等的变形情况。
?对预应力管道内的PVC塑料内衬管应及时转动，以确保砼浇筑后顺利抽拔。 ?砼浇筑完毕后，应立即用通孔器检查预应力管道是否畅通，发现问题及时采取相应措施，不可延误。
(4)砼的振捣
?砼采用插入式振捣器振捣，对较厚的底板及底板相连的倒角部位要特别注意，防止漏振。
?插入式振捣器振捣时，垂直等距离插入到前一层砼中5,10cm左右，振捣间距不得超过45cm。砼振动时间应以砼不再下沉，表面返浆气泡不再上返，并出现灰浆和光泽为准。
?每次振捣砼层厚以30cm为宜，振捣器要快插慢抽，以免留有孔洞。 ?现场有备用振捣器，遇到故障及时更换，振捣器应避免碰到钢筋，也不能碰到管道，以免波纹管破裂漏入水泥浆。
(5)砼养护和拆模
砼养护
?在砼浇筑完毕，待砼初凝后用无纺土工布等覆盖于砼顶面，然后浇淡水养护，每天洒水次数视环境湿度与温度控制，洒水以能保证混凝土表面经常处于湿润状态为度，养生期应符合高性能混凝土暂行技术标准中有关混凝土养护时间的要slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
求，即:(1)当施工周边环境相对湿度,60?时，属于干燥环境，混凝土养生期为14天;(2)当施工周边环境相对湿度60?,90?时，属于较湿环境，混凝土养生期为7天;(3)当施工周边环境相对湿度90?时，属于潮湿环境，可不再另行洒水养护。混凝土养生时在其表面盖上保持湿润的塑料薄膜等能延续保持湿润的材料，养护用水及材料不能使混凝土产生不良外观质量影响。当气温低于5?时，应采用土工布覆盖保温，不能洒水养护。以此控制混凝土水化热的温度，确保砼构件有足够的强度和不发生裂缝。
?温度高于15时，头三天内白天每隔1,2小时浇水一次，夜间至少浇水2次，以后期间可酌减，遇有干燥气侯或大风天气，适当增加浇水次数，以免砼表面干燥、开裂。
?养护用水由高扬程水泵，采用饮用水养护。
砼拆模
梁端模、外侧模和内模拆除应符合高性能混凝土暂行技术标准中有关混凝土拆模时间的要求:梁端模、外侧模在混凝土强度达到2.5MPa以上，且其表面及棱角不因拆模而受损时，方可拆除;内模应在混凝土强度能保证构件表面不发生塌陷和裂缝时，方可拆除;底模板必须待预应力筋张拉完毕后方可脱模。
混凝土的拆模时间除需考虑拆模时的混凝土强度外，还应考虑到拆模时的混凝土温度(由水泥水化热引起)不能过高，以免混凝土接触空气时降温过快而开裂，更不能在此时浇注凉水养护。混凝土内部开始降温以前以及混凝土内部温度最高时不得拆模。
一般情况下，箱梁芯部混凝土与表层混凝土之间的温差、表层混凝土与环境之间的温差大于20?(截面较为复杂时，温差大于15?)时不宜拆模。大风slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
或气温急剧变化时不宜拆模。在寒冷季节，若环境温度低于0?时不宜拆模。在炎热和大风干燥季节，应采取逐段拆模、边拆边盖的拆模工艺。拆模宜按立模顺序逆向进行，不得损伤混凝土，并减少模板破损。当模板与混凝土脱离后，方可拆卸、吊运模板。拆模后的混凝土结构应在混凝土达到100%的设计强度后，方可承受全部设计荷载。
3.2.5箱梁钢筋施工
(1)钢筋的加工
箱梁钢筋在钢筋加工棚内加工，钢筋加工要求:
?钢筋表面应洁净，使用前应将表面油渍、漆皮、鳞锈等清除干净。
?钢筋应平直，无局部弯折，成盘的钢筋和弯曲的钢筋均应调直。
?冷拉调直钢筋时I级钢冷拉率不宜大于2%。
?钢筋焊接采用同心搭接焊。
?根据施工图纸下配料单，成型班组按配料单要求准确加工。 (2)钢筋的安装
在陆上钢筋棚加工成型好的钢筋进行系统编号，按梁段施工顺序，由吊机吊至桥面安装。钢筋绑扎顺序为:
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
底板下层钢筋
腹板钢筋骨架
(预埋固定挂篮轨道梁竖向精轧螺纹钢)
底板上层钢筋
内模外移
齿板顶板翼板钢筋(同时安
装预应力束管道并定位)
3.2.6箱梁预应力施工
(1)预应力体系概况
?预应力钢绞线:
悬浇箱梁为单向预应力结构，设置纵向预应力束。 ? 预应力管道成孔
箱梁纵向预应力采用金属波纹管成孔，上述各类型的波纹管在安装预埋时将严格按照设计院提供的各项预应力管道坐标进行实施。 (2)预应力施工
张拉机具
? 本桥拟用YCW型大吨位型千斤顶张拉纵向预应力钢绞线。 ? 张拉机具与锚具配套使用，在进场时进行检查和校验。千斤顶与压力表配套slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
校验，以确定张拉力与压力表读数之间的关系曲线。所用压力表的精度不低于1.5级，校验千斤顶用的试验机或测力计的精度不低于?2%。 ? 张拉机具由专人使用和管理，并经常维护定期校验。使用时的校验期限视千斤顶的情况确定，使用超过6个月或200次以及使用过程中出现不正常现象时，应重新校验，测力计的校验期限不超过2个月。
锚夹具
? 锚夹具需经过部级以上级别技术鉴定和产品鉴定，出厂前由供方按规定进行检验并提供质量证明书。锚夹具符合《预应力筋锚具、夹具和连接器》(GB/T14370-2000)。
? 锚夹具进场时应分批进行外观检查，不得有裂纹、伤痕、锈蚀，尺寸不得超过允许偏差。对锚具的强度、硬度、锚固能力等应根据供货情况确定是否复验的顶目、数量。当质量有疑点时，则按有关规定检验符合要求时才能验收使用。 预应力管道制安
? 金属波纹管管由工地现场卷制。
? 为保证预应力管道位置和曲线形状符合设计要求及浇筑砼后管道顺畅，施工
中对波纹管的安装要十分小心谨慎，严禁施焊或用力碰撞挤压。 ? 管道接长可用略大一些的波纹连接管套接，连接管长度约需接长管道内径的6倍，将接缝处用防水胶带裹紧，并在金属波纹管内设PVC塑料内衬管，以防浇筑砼时漏浆。
? 为保证预应力管道位置正确，防止浇筑时上浮，拟用“井”字形定位架，将管道与钢筋骨架固定。
? 对长束管道，预留压浆排气孔，并将孔眼留在孔道最高位置(禁止留在同一slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
截面)，排气孔与波纹管相接部位也有可靠防漏浆措施。
钢绞线下料穿束
? 在陆上用切割机将钢绞线按设计长度(包括两端工作长度)切割下料。 ? 对于要张拉的孔道利用孔道两端卷扬机交替进行穿束。
? 对中短束，也可用人工穿束。
? 穿束前应用压力空气吹净孔道，使孔道畅通无水份和杂物。 预应力张拉准备
? 在构件张拉部位搭设安全可靠的操作平台。
? 在锚垫板上标出锚圈板安放位置及预应力钢束的序号使张拉无误。 ? 千斤顶、锚具、管道三对中安装并保证千斤顶与锚下垫板垂直。 ? 对相应砼试块抗压检验，强度应不低于规定要求。
预应力张拉
当箱梁混凝土强度达到设计强度的90%，且龄期达到6天以后,便对梁体进行张拉,张拉时采用张拉力和引伸量进行双控，并在钢束上进行标记，以便测定各钢束的引伸量，实测的引伸量控制在设计计算值的?6%以内。
纵向预应力束除了合拢段预应力束、边跨底板正弯矩束采用单端张拉外，其余的纵向预应力束均采用两端对称张拉，张拉时同时遵循先长束，后短束的原则，张拉端工作段钢束长度为80cm。
张拉程序
钢绞线:0?初应力10%σ?20%σ ?σ (持荷2min锚固) ?大小油缸com comcom
回零(测定伸长量和回缩量)
张拉后填写记录，并由现场监理工程师签认。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
3.2.7孔道压浆
(1)张拉后采用107胶水，水泥拌合后立即封锚。
(2)孔道压浆应在挂篮前移后(两天内)进行。
(3)在压浆端口，设置压浆阀门、管节等压浆附件。
(4)压浆现场应备有足够的水泥、水等相应的灌浆材料，以便连续灌浆。 (5)按设计配合比配制灰浆，压浆材料及施工工艺应满足“客运专线预应力混凝土预制梁暂行技术条件”和《铁路后张法预应力混凝土梁管道压浆技术条件》的各项规定，水泥浆搅拌结束至压入管道时间间隔不应超过40min。 6)孔道压浆前须将孔道冲洗洁净，排除积水，曲线孔道由最低点的压浆孔压 (
入，由最高点的排气和泌水。
(并达到排气孔作出与规7)压浆应缓慢均匀进行，应达到另一端饱满和出浆，
定稠度相同的水泥浆为止，当气温高于35时压浆宜在夜间进行，冬季压浆应采取保温措施。
(8)每一工作班应留取不小于3组的立方体试块，标准养护28天，检查其抗压强度作为水泥浆质量的评定依据。
(9)孔道压浆应填写施工记录，并由监理工程师签认。
3.2.8箱梁的温度监控
温度是影响主梁挠度的最主要的因素之一，温度变化包括日温度变化和季节变化两部分，日温度变化比较复杂，尤其是日照作用，季节温差对主梁的挠度影响比较简单，其变化是均匀的。因此为了摸清箱梁截面内外温差和温度在截面上的分布情况，严格控制箱梁内、外模拆模时间，在梁体上布置温度观测点(埋设测温元件)进行观测，以获得准确的温度变化规律。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
一般情况下，箱梁芯部混凝土与表层混凝土之间的温差、表层混凝土与环境之间的温差大于20?(截面较为复杂时，温差大于15?)时不宜拆模。大风或气温急剧变化时不宜拆模。在寒冷季节，若环境温度低于0?时不宜拆模。 3.2.9箱梁的测量控制
(1)轴线控制
轴线控制的目的是保证箱梁的顺利合拢及前后箱梁的中心线在设计线上。具体方法是在立模之前，放出节段两端的理论中心线位置，作为底模铺设的控制点，侧模根据底模走向设置，在标高调好后，再次核底模及侧模轴线，使之与理论轴线吻合。另在砼浇筑前，调整侧模上口，使之轴线准确。
(2)线型控制
线型，特别是悬臂箱梁线型受到多种因素影响，施工过程中将严格加强 箱梁
控制，我工区拟定采取下列措施保证达到设计要求:
?悬臂施工对称进行，力求做到施工荷载两端均等。
?合拢段龄期尽量缩短、接近。
?预应力张拉按设计程序进行，张拉伸长量和张拉力严格控制，必须符合设计要求。
?在每一节段箱梁砼施工时，应考虑该段箱梁在挂篮自重、挂篮变形、砼自重、预应力张拉及预应力的损失、砼收缩徐变、日照和温度变化等共同作用下所产生的挠度，并设预拱度，加强监测监控工作，同时将前一梁段的测量资料作为下一梁段调整预拱度的参考，使每一节段梁高、桥面标高，底板上下缘曲线变化等控制达到设计要求。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(3)标高控制及预拱度设置
挂篮的拼装标高由箱梁的设计标高加设一定预拱度叠加而成，预拱度设置的
数值与以下因素有关:
a.挂篮承重系统受力后的变形δ; 1
b.挂篮置于前一梁段，由于挂篮自重引起后一梁段端部的挠度变形值δ; 2c.即将浇筑梁段的自重及合拢段重量和以后各梁段的自重在即将浇筑梁段端部产生的挠度变形值δ; 3
d.即将浇筑梁段的预应力以及以后各阶段的预应力在即将浇筑的梁段端部产生的挠度变形值δ; 4
e.基础、墩柱的受力变形δ; 5
f.临时支撑梁解除后永久支座的受力变形δ; 6
通常δδδδ由设计院及监测单位提供(H+H)，在每一梁段模板调整3456SJJK
时，以上六个因素一并予以考虑，实际控制标高为H=H++H+δ+δ。 SJJK12(4)跟踪测量
首先计算挂篮的弹性变形量，并测定挂篮的塑性变形量，再依据设计院及监测单位提供的箱梁预拱度值来调整立模标高。
连续箱梁的高程跟踪测量将在以下六个施工时态中进行:(1)挂篮模板高程调整到位后，在砼浇筑前再次复核模板的中心位置，防止水平偏位;(2)砼浇筑后测量模板标高，校核推算的挂篮变形值;(3)箱梁预应力张拉前测量箱梁的标高;(4)箱梁预应力张拉后测量箱梁的起拱度;(5)挂篮前移前测量箱梁的标高;(6)挂篮前移后测量箱梁的标高。以后每浇筑一段，除了进行上述各施工阶段的测量外，还要测量其对已施工段的影响，并与设计院提供的挠度变化曲线相比slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
较，出现偏差时立即查找原因，否则停止施工。另外在施工箱梁中跨合拢段前的三、四段箱梁时，将进行箱梁相邻块段的高程联测，若有出现较大偏差时，立即进行调整，以便相互协调，确保本桥中跨合拢时的施工精度。 (5)箱梁施工标高的观测
在砼浇筑前观测箱梁模板A、B、C、D各施工控制点标高，在砼浇筑后观测A、B、C、D各观测点标高，张拉前、张拉后观测A、B、C、D各观测点标高，挂篮前移前、挂篮前移后观测A、B、C、D各观测点标高。(具体布置见附图)
ABC
D
箱梁高程测量控制布置图 3.3主桥第7单元箱梁悬浇及钢箱梁制作安装施工
本工程主桥第7单元P28墩—P34墩悬浇箱梁、现浇箱梁采用预应力混凝土斜腹板变截面单箱三室连续箱梁，合拢段采用等截面单箱三室钢箱梁，6孔箱梁跨径为:140m+4×280m+140m，其中0#块5节段(每节段长度20m)，P29墩共有悬浇箱梁(烈屿端24节段、金门端23节段)，P30墩共有对称悬浇箱梁23节段，P31墩共有对称悬浇箱梁23节段，P32墩共有对称悬浇箱梁23节段，P33墩共有悬浇箱梁(烈屿端23节段、金门端24节段)，边跨直线段2节段(每节段长35m),合拢段钢箱梁4节段(每节段长度79.8m)，悬浇箱梁中接合段8节段(每slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
节段长度5.1m)同时在P30墩—P31墩桥段下部设置通航孔，该通航孔宽度210m，净高38.8m。
—P33墩投入4套挂根据桥段特点及现场施工情况，拟在本工程主桥P29墩
篮进行连续箱梁悬浇施工，挂篮考虑周转2次，合拢段钢箱梁采用4台由本桥段悬浇挂篮改装的300t(起吊高度50m)桥面吊机进行吊装施工，同时投入5部300t.m塔吊、10部人行电梯用于主桥塔柱、连续箱梁悬浇及斜拉索施工。
第7单元箱梁施工顺序:P29墩、P30墩、P31墩、P32墩、P33墩墩顶0#块箱梁现浇施工、P29墩、P33墩0#块箱梁设置临时固结装置?P29墩、P30墩、P31墩、P32墩、P33墩上塔柱施工、钢锚梁吊放安装及混凝土浇筑(上塔柱钢锚梁处现浇混凝土预留二次浇筑部位)?P29墩、P30墩、P31墩、P32墩、P33墩挂篮拼装、预压?P29墩、P30墩、P31墩、P32墩、P33墩箱梁挂篮悬浇施工、(悬浇箱梁节段斜拉索张拉在后续两个箱梁节段悬浇臂施工后且挂篮前移到下一节段箱梁时进行)?23#箱梁节段悬浇结束张拉最外侧斜拉索?上塔柱钢锚梁处混凝土第二次浇筑、塔冠施工?边跨24#箱梁节段悬浇施工?边跨23#—24#箱梁悬浇施工节段间配合施工压重(G=320t)?P28墩—P29墩边跨箱梁支架现浇施工?P34墩墩顶0#块箱梁现浇施工、P34墩0#块箱梁设置临时固结装置?P34墩临时吊塔及施工架拼装搭设、预压?P34墩施工架悬浇施工(往主桥、边桥方向对称施工)?拆除P28墩、P34墩边跨施工支架、吊塔及施工架?P29墩—P30墩合拢段钢箱梁吊装、预应力施工?P32墩—P33墩合拢段钢箱梁吊装、预应力施工?P30墩—P31墩合拢段钢箱梁吊装、预应力施工?P31墩—P32墩合拢段钢箱梁吊装、预应力施工?拆除边跨23#、24#箱梁悬浇施工节段间配合施工压重
同时在主桥施工全过程，需按照设计要求在桥梁相应施工部位安装桥梁监测slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
仪器。
本工程施工进度:每个0#块箱梁节段现浇施工周期为30天，每个1#块、2#块箱梁节段悬浇施工周期为15天(考虑挂篮拼装、预压)，其余每个箱梁节段(扣除含外置斜拉索箱梁节段)悬浇施工周期为7天，每个含外置斜拉索箱梁节段悬浇施工周期为10天，每个边跨箱梁节段支架现浇施工周期为30天，每个合拢段钢箱梁吊装施工(含钢箱梁运输)周期为5天。
钢箱梁制作、拼装场地改建施工周期为120天，钢箱梁板单元加工180天，钢箱梁场地制作、拼装施工周期656天。其中每个钢箱梁节段场地制作施工周期为10天，每个合拢段钢箱梁场地拼装施工周期为10天。
3.3.1 0#块箱梁现浇施工
与边桥箱梁施工方案一致。
3.3.2连续箱梁挂篮悬浇施工
与边桥箱梁施工方案一致。
3.3.3斜拉索施工
本工程主桥为5塔双索面斜拉桥，每个索面由8根斜拉索组成，斜拉索箱梁端为张拉端，桥塔端为固定端。其中A1索—A6索共计31t重，A7、A8索共计55t重;A9索—A14索共计31t重，A15、A16索共计55t重;B1索—B4索共计31t重，B5索—B8索共计55t重;B9索—B12索共计31t重，B13索—B16索共计55t重;C1索—C4索共计31t重，C5索—C8索共计55t重;C9索—C12索共计31t重，C13索—C16索共计55t重;D1索—D4索共计31t重，D5索—D8索共计55t重;D9索—D12索共计31t重，D13索—D16索共计55t重;E1索—E6索共计31t重，E7、E8索共计55t重;E9索—E14索共计31t重，E15、E16索slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
共计55t重。斜拉索外裹高密度聚乙烯套管。斜拉索分别设置于8#悬浇箱梁节段、10#悬浇箱梁节段、12#悬浇箱梁节段、14#悬浇箱梁节段、16#悬浇箱梁节段、18#悬浇箱梁节段、20#悬浇箱梁节段、22#悬浇箱梁节段，为隔节段设置。
悬浇箱梁节段斜拉索张拉均在后续两个箱梁节段悬浇臂施工后且挂篮前移到下一节段箱梁时进行，23#箱梁节段悬浇结束张拉22#箱梁斜拉索(最外侧斜拉索)。
斜拉索采用软牵引系统与刚性张拉的方法分别在混凝土梁及桥塔内完成，即斜拉索先在塔内锚固，然后再向混凝土梁内牵引锚固，最后在混凝土梁内按照设计要求进行张拉。
(1)施工准备
?斜拉索上桥面
斜拉索采用陆路和水路运输。根据斜拉索安装计划，斜拉索制造厂将验收后
出运码头，吊运上驳船后水运至现场，待交付的斜拉索运至金门大桥现场P37墩
对于相对较轻斜拉索(可能不带钢盘)，采用塔吊提升上桥面置于卧式放索机上;对于较重斜拉索采用桥面吊机将斜拉索连同钢盘一并提升上桥面。必要时将拉索盘置于牵引台车上，再用卷扬机进行移动及横移，到达合适的位置。
?施工平台
塔外侧施工平台
为方便斜拉索塔端挂设，确保施工安全，需在上塔柱斜拉索锚固区外搭设支架作为斜拉索塔端施工平台，塔外施工平台采用悬挂式可移动平台，平台位呈“U”型结构，用钢管拼接而成，平台上移采用塔顶卷扬机提供动力，每个悬挂式平台用两台5t卷扬机，配备φ19钢丝绳和两轮滑轮组构成。为增强平台的抗slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
风措施，每幅平台设四道抗风索，抗风索为竖直结构，上下通过锚夹具固定在上下端的支架上，并张拉一定的力，在平台上设置4个安全锁，安全锁采用自锚效果好的提升专锚夹具，而且有专门的压紧措施。
塔内施工平台
虽然塔柱内设置了电梯与爬梯，但是在挂索施工时均未施工，所以塔内的施工平台仍然利用脚手管(φ48×3.5)搭设脚手架，在每个钢锚梁的位置用木跳板或钢丝网铺设封闭平台，作为塔内施工平台。
塔顶:塔顶搭投钢平台，平台上放置2台10t卷扬机用作挂索及塔内翻顶。
桥面:布置25t吊车一台，5t叉车一台，10t卷扬机2台。
梁端斜拉索牵引角度调整及导向设施
角度调整设施用于斜拉索梁端牵引角度调整，确保斜拉索同索套管中心线重合，方便斜拉索锚头顺利进入索道管及在管内移动。角度调整设施主要由角度调整支架及手拉葫芦组成，根据使用位置不同，角度调整设施主要分为中跨角度调整设施及边跨角度调整设施。
中跨调整支架依附桥面吊机的两外侧，由水平主梁及两根立柱组成，随桥面吊机移动，纵梁设有手拉葫芦滑移轨道。梁端牵引施工时，用于角度调整的10t手拉葫芦可沿滑移轨道自由滑动，确保斜拉索前部始终同索套管处于同一直线上。
边跨桥面悬浇结束完后，在桥面上下游侧各安装一个独立门型支架作为边跨角度调整支架，在支架顶部设有葫芦滑移轨道及操作平台，梁端软、硬牵引时，施工人员可在操作平台上通过手拉葫芦对斜拉索、张拉杆角度进行调整。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
(2)斜拉索挂索施工
?短索的塔端挂设
短索由塔吊或塔顶门架直接在哈夫索夹吊点上提升，塔顶卷扬机拉着软牵引钢绞线随步提升，等提升拉索至塔外施工平台处后，直接采用塔顶卷扬机在塔内牵引塔端软牵引系统进入索套管并与千斤顶锚固，塔吊下落，完成自动脱钩，完成挂索。
?长索塔端挂设
长索放索方式与短索基本相似，塔吊吊在哈夫吊点上提升(塔吊自动脱钩方式)塔顶卷扬机拉着软牵引钢绞线随步提升。待提升一定高度后再次安装哈夫吊点，由10t卷扬机利用塔顶导向点提升，使塔吊与10t郑扬机吊点之间的斜拉索呈“U”状，然后，塔吊、塔顶卷扬机、10t卷扬机同步提升，等提升至对应塔柱索管附近时，塔顶卷扬机辅助软牵引钢绞线进入索导管，然后完成软牵引系统与千斤顶锚固，塔吊下落，完成自动脱钩，10t卷扬机下落，完成挂索。
挂索示意图
(3)斜拉索展索施工
斜拉索上端锚定后，5t叉车牵引装有索盘的小车向结合梁锚固点行走，同slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
时在索体下放置展索小车，防止索坊套损坏，待放索将要结束时，将索头抬下索
盘，完成展索。
索盘示意图
展索示意图
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
展索小车示意图
(4)斜拉索梁端挂设施工
斜拉索的梁端牵引主要采用桥面卷扬机牵引并辅以手拉葫芦即可完成梁端挂设，配以汽车吊提升锚头完成梁端锚固斜拉索:
第一步:在梁端锚头处安装吊带，汽车吊挂钩，提升斜拉索固定端。
第二步:梁端锚头处连接桥面卷扬机钢丝绳，桥面卷扬机牵引梁端锚头至索套管口处，用手拉葫芦辅助进入锚箱。
第三步:锚头入梁端索套管后，螺母拧至1/2锚杯处锚固，完成斜拉索的梁端挂设。
(5)斜拉索张拉施工
斜拉索张拉统一采取桥面箱梁端张拉。每根索一次张拉到位。张拉过程中索塔顺桥向两侧的拉索和横桥向对称的拉索对称同步张拉，同步张拉的不同步索力差值不超出设计规定值。两侧不对称或设计索力不同的拉索，按照设计规定的索力分级同步张拉，各个千斤顶同步之差不大于油表读数的最小分格，索力中值误差小于?2,。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
斜拉索张拉至索长达到预定长度后，对局部桥面线形、索塔倾斜度、索力、轴线和温度进行测量，所得的斜位索力误差在计算数值的?5,范围内。 (6)斜拉索张拉注意要点
斜拉索张拉前对拉索成品、锚具和配件按图纸规定，全部或抽样检验确实符合图纸要求后方可使用。
所有张拉千斤顶张拉前按规定进行标定，并配备相应的测力传感器，以控制千斤顶的张拉力。张拉机具由专人使用和维护，张拉机具长期不使用时，在使用前全面校验。当千斤顶的使用达到6个月的使用时间，或使用期间出现异常情况，均需要进行一次校验，两次出现异常情况的千斤顶予更换，以确保测力的准确。
斜拉索安装与混凝土悬浇箱梁密切相关，两者交叉配合进行。不论是初张力的张拉，还是复测、调索的张拉，凡不符合拉索、箱梁施工安装所规定的允许偏差时，向监理工程师报告，并由设计、监理、施工三方面共同确定调整方法，进行调整。
斜拉索锚固时不宜在锚环与承压板间加垫，需要加垫时，其垫圈材料和强度符合承压要求，并设成两个密贴带扣的半圆环。
(7)消除影响斜拉索张拉因素的办法
?张拉时间选择
高温季节选择在0:00以后，日出之前;常温下(5?-25?)选择在20:00以后，日出之前或无日照的阴天、零星小雨天气。5?以下时选择在日落之后，日出之前。
?风力选择
正常情况下控制在标准风力4级以下，季风期控制在标准风力5级以下，6slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
级风以上停止作业。
?施工荷载控制
在施工过程中悬臂挂、穿索设备、箱梁悬浇设备、施工物资堆放等都控制在对称、均匀、固定的荷载分布方式下施工，绘制荷载分布图，进行现场监督。 (8)斜拉索临时减振
由于施工过程中，永久的减振装置还没有安装，主梁又处于大悬臂状态，刚度和自振频率小，斜拉索很容易发生风振、雨振。每根索张拉结束后，在距梁面高一定距离安装减振夹板，通法兰螺杆与梁面连接，法兰螺杆产生一定的拉力，增加斜拉索的应力刚度，达到减振的目的。同时在塔梁索导管出口处填充减振、防护橡胶，避免斜拉索外套在索导管上碰伤。
3.3.4合拢段钢箱梁制作
本工程合拢段钢箱梁制作由武汉造船厂提供方案。
3.3.5合拢段钢箱梁制作、拼装及吊装
本工程主桥在P29墩—P33墩桥段合拢段设置为等截面单箱三室钢箱梁结构，每个合拢段钢箱梁全长79.8m，宽度为20.4m，高度为4m，其节段组成为:5m+9m+3×2m+26×2.5m+3×2m+9m+5m，共计36个钢箱梁节段。 (1)合拢段钢箱梁制作、拼装
本工程钢箱梁制作、拼装拟在我公司位于厦门马銮湾的预制场内进行施工，施工前需对既有预制场进行改建，钢箱梁制作、拼装场地计划投入钢箱梁(20.4m×2m)节段制作台座1个，钢箱梁(20.4m×2.5m)节段制作台座2个，钢箱梁(20.4m×5m)节段制作台座1个，钢箱梁(20.4m×9m)节段制作台座1个;钢箱梁(20.4m×79.8m)节段拼装台座1个;涂装车间(20.4m×9m)1个;钢箱slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
梁(20.4m×79.8m)节段存放台座2个。
钢箱梁制作、拼装场地内计划配置650t门机2台，150t门机1台、50t门机1台、20t门机1台、出运码头1座。
钢箱梁在制作、拼装阶段需要按照设计要求对钢箱梁进行反拱度设置。 (2)钢箱梁安装
钢箱梁出运:本工程拟采用2000吨驳船进入出运码头的龙门档内后，直接采用2台650t门机将钢箱梁吊装入驳，用拖轮拖运至现场安装。
钢箱梁安装:本工程拟采用4台由本桥段悬浇挂篮改装的300t(起吊高度50m)桥面吊机在海上风力小于6级及低平潮时吊装合拢段钢箱梁。
悬浇挂篮改装的300t桥面吊机结构图
合拢前，每两小时对合拢段两侧预应力混凝土梁段不同距离处的大气温度、表面温度、空气温度、内顶面温度、内底面温度进行测量一次，连续测量48小时。各梁段端部标高的控制测量必须在日落后4小时及次日日出之前进行。测量得到各个不同时段，不同温度两梁段间的距离，经过综合分析，换算至设计合龙温度时长度，对长度为79.8m的合拢段进行精确下料加工。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
合拢段安装时, 梁段利用驳船运输到位，在一较低的温度区间利用两边的桥
面吊机同时吊装合拢段钢箱梁至设计位置，利用桥面吊机吊装合拢梁段至合拢口
位置，待温度达到设计合拢温度时，完成钢箱梁与接合段梁体内的预埋接头临时
连接，精确调整焊缝缝宽，完成全截面栓焊连接。
slightly lowered the field side, the steam end rotor weight transfer to the Middle slider. Synchronize pull hoist on both sides, slowly into the rotor and steam-side slider outlet ring, removing steam-side slider. Continues to synchronization pull sides gourd, slowly wear into rotor, stay steam end coupling wear out steam end frame outside wall Shi, will another a Taiwan lane of wire rope hanging live steam end axis neck scapular block, should note lifting wire rope shall not and steam end frame outside wall collide, slowly up high steam end of wire rope, makes steam end rotor of weight transfer to wire rope Shang, then again using two Taiwan lane synchronization up high rotor... 6.5 unit main plant soda small pipeline laying 6.5.12 times design design principles on thermal system pipeline of run parameter and process and work characteristics has general understand, in drainage pipes installation in the, not allows has against system of wrong loaded, and leak loaded, also cannot to short-range easy, will different pressure level of sparse water any parallel, and over, and turned note, or received wrong mother tube of chaos conveying, to special note this class pipeline material and specifications of line. Process piping trend is to have a unified and orderly global concept, the arrangement should facilitate the operation and installation of the valve firmly. Depending on the circumstances,
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