中国玉文化34646（Chinese jade culture 34646）

中国玉文化34646（Chinese jade culture 34646） 中国玉文化34646(Chinese jade culture 34646) Jade, beautiful stone and wood. Chinese jade has a long history, and has a glorious history of seven thousand years. Seven thousand years ago, south of Hemudu Site cultural ancestors, in the selection process of stone, consciously put up the beauty of stone made decorations, dress and beautify life, opened a prelude to China jade culture. The cultural implication of jade is not only the product of the development of ancient jade culture, but also the footstone and spiritual prop of supporting the sublimation of jade culture. The original ancestors in the make and use tools in the process of discovery of jade, jade exquisite texture, beautiful colors, can be used in non production of decoration, the time equivalent to the archaeological culture Xinglongwa culture, the Chahai era (6200 BC - 5400 BC). Shiqianyu Shi Qianyu culture The ancient people believe that all things have their spirits (gods, pictured), its powerful, can be a blessing or a plague of human, in order to receive Kyrgyzstan evil people must be elf bless, to dedicate his jade and prey, singing and dancing to (the). It is said to the Yellow Emperor era, people regarded jade as fetish, or in jade for media to communicate with God, listen to his will, this period is equivalent to the archaeological culture of the Hongshan culture, Daxi Culture period. The Liangzhu culture period, God was cut in (jade Cong, Bi, Juan), which left many of the carved symbols. The set has become the political, military, religious rights in one of the three tribes Supreme ruler. Generally speaking, the cultural connotation of prehistoric jade basically contains three primitive genes: beauty, divinity and rui. After entering the era of civilization, the cultural connotation of jade adds new content with the progress of society, which is virtue. Germany is in the social norms of the Zhou Dynasty, it is the people ethic ideology, and practice in the Western Zhou Dynasty social morality criterion, ups and the strength of the relationship, and jade harmony is an important part of the rule of virtue. Since then, the cultural connotation of jade is constantly enriched, repeated and improved, such as color beauty, beauty, beauty, color tones of Gu Yumei and so on, are adding new content in the new social conditions. Jade and Chinese Aesthetics Chinese people's aesthetic concept of jade is an important part of Chinese aesthetic concept, and is its foundation. If the ancients did not have long-term and adequate aesthetic activities of the jade, and drew the corresponding conclusions and views -- "Wen", then today, the Chinese people's aesthetic outlook will form another type. The jade beauty of the ancients is a mirror, which reflects the whole aesthetic style and principle of the ancients. Thousands of words, summed up in a word, jade is the cornerstone of Chinese aesthetics. To be exact, jade should be the cornerstone of the Chinese nation's aesthetics, and Chinese everywhere in the world are no exception. Daxi Culture jet God, your face face, with circle shaped eyes, straight nose, no ear Jade and religious worship Jade has been stripped from the stone in ancient times, has become a kind of special material, which has hidden jade is mountains and rivers of the elite, is the fine jade, jade is the carrier beyond the natural spirit of God, such as the mysterious fetish, also become the object of worship and sacrifice. People get through worship spirits bless, dispel the disaster. In the long process of offering sacrifices to gods, we elected people who are good at understanding, good at singing and dancing, and communicating with the elves. This man is the wizard (Fig 3). At this time, it was the matriarchal society, so the witch was also acted by women. Wu Pengyu, singing and dancing, with the spirit (God), to convey the will of God to people. This is a kind of spirit worship or worship jade, not religious, or can be considered China native aboriginal religion, by the wizard Wizard: [voice (PU) xi2. Meaning: the Wizard: Ancient witch witch, wizard to wizard, called the wizard. To be presided over, it can also be called "witch religion". Later with the nature of God totem and ancestor god, and worship of primitive religion, this is still a pantheism. Ping Sheng 3 jade Jade and gentleman Gentleman refers to Chafford outstanding, patriotic, noble and upright literati, not really refers to the emperor, Their origin, composition and status is not uniform. The social knowledge group in Confucius's life, has found himself as a symbol of jade material, to flaunt their noble virtues, the upright gentlemen Confucius cloud the ornamental and the combined plain properties, so "the gentleman Peter Yu Yan" (see "book of Rites" betrothal gift). Thus, the gentleman must be in the body, in order to regulate their own words and deeds, do not exceed the rules, not encountered in the event of mourning can not be interpreted down. The literati to wear jade to prove that he is a gentleman should be trust and respect. It can be said that a gentleman with jade can draw an equal sign, the gentleman is jade, jade is also a gentleman. A gentleman with jade, accompanied by. The jade is also the embodiment of TPG carrier, a gentleman, a gentleman with jade bede. The true meaning of which Confucius speaks the most clearly, he cited "Book of Songs" in the sentence "I think of my husband, Wen Qiru jade", that "a gentleman is expensive" (ibid.). A gentle, pure wide soft fit with ease, good jade "gentle" of the United States, by the gentleman's love. Jade and wealth Jade has the aesthetic value, the divine is a fetish, and Credit Suisse, also became a priceless. In ancient times, the tribe, Chiefdom alliance, the ruler will accept the treasure jade. The influential figures in Hongshan Culture and Liangzhu culture all occupy a large number of jades, and regard them as the most valuable wealth. In the pre Qin literature, "jade jade is the upper currency", which means that in a particular historical period, a region also use jade as currency, but jade is not much, it can not be used to make money. Shang and Zhou tomb unearthed jade Bei Bei Bei Yu, is money, whether in society still can make nothing of it. China late primitive society and civilization, the vassal states and imperial rulers have a large collection of jade, as a treasure of the town or as wealth, saved. The largest ancient jade Chinese known possessor is Zhou, his collection of many pieces of Yubao has been unable to identify, but destroy Zhouwu Wang Zhou when burning jade 4000, Wu Yin seized Jiuyu reached 14000, this figure is large enough. The collection of jade in the Qing Dynasty was mainly accumulated in the later period of the dry period, and there were as many as 30000 pieces of it, which is also a huge number. Treasure jade as a concern to the rulers, Chinese have a "very valuable" idiom, refers to the king of Qin willing to fifteen city (say fifty city) to the "Zhao" Choi, Choi price expensive. Nowadays, many jade collectors collect ancient and modern jades carefully, and their purpose is not to accumulate wealth, maintain value and increase value. Types of jade A preliminary understanding of jade, the remaining problem is how to appreciate the jade. The author believes that the understanding of the jade must remember ten words, the landscape of the elite, the humanities elegant. The landscape of the elite, is about the beauty of materials, each piece of jade must make clear it is amphibole or jade, or turquoise, agate, crystal stone, serpentine jade, but also further explore its origin. The beauty of humanity refers to the beauty and refinement of the jade, as well as the process and social factors that influence the beauty of the sculpt. Because of the different generations Yucai, jade carving tools and jade carving techniques, together with the aesthetic taste and customs of the different uses of jade and the role of the different, each time the modelling of jade and theme style is also different, in different poses and with different expressions, competing blooming. Chinese jade has a long history, has seven thousand years of glorious history. Seven thousand years ago, south of Hemudu Site cultural ancestors, in the selection process of stone, consciously put up the beauty of stone made decorations, dress and beautify life, opened a prelude to China jade culture. In the middle and late Neolithic age four thousand or five thousand years ago, the Liao River Basin, the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the north and south of the Yangtze River, the dawn of Chinese jade culture shines everywhere. When the jade carving from the stone industry separated, become independent handicraft industry department. In the Taihu River Basin, Liaohe basin Liangzhu Culture Hongshan Culture jade, the most noticeable. There are many kinds of jades in Liangzhu culture, Is a typical jade, jade, jade Yue, jade and jade pendant Trident shaped clusters. Liangzhu jade to body itself, it is deep and rigorous, symmetry has been fully applied, especially in shallow relief decoration known, especially the line reached the point almost catch up later. Can reflect the level of Liangzhu jade carving is a large number of various types, and depicting jade Cong Shoumian too profound to be understood and the immortal lines. Compared with Liangzhu jade, Hongshan culture is short of rigid square jade, but it is characterized by animal shaped jade and round jade. Typical for ERON, jade zoomorphic ornaments, jade hoop etc.. The most important feature of the jade carving skill of Hongshan culture is that the jade craftsman can skillfully use jade material, grasp the shape characteristics of objects, a few knives, vividly depict the image of the artifacts, very vivid. The "spirit" is the biggest characteristic of ancient Hongshan jade. Hongshan jade, not to win, but in order to elaborate known. Legends about jade in ancient times From the ancient Hongshan jade from the analysis of large and medium-sized tombs, Neolithic jade in heaven worship, burial mortuary corpse several uses, there are evil spirits, a symbol of power, wealth, and etc.. China jade began with a mysterious color. The legend of the Xia Dynasty, the first class is China. With the continuous accumulation of archaeological materials, the legend gradually become a reality, the culture of Xia Dynasty is constantly revealed. The Xia Dynasty Jade style, should be the Liangzhu culture, Longshan culture, Hongshan Culture jade transition form to the Shang Dynasty jade carving, the jade unearthed from Henan a glimpse of the Erlitou site in Yanshi. The seven jade knife unearthed, the source of other porous stone knives of the late Neolithic, and engraved with a double outline of the origin of Shang Dynasty jade, jade is the Xia dynasty. During his lifetime collection of Fuhao Shijiahe culture ancient jade - Yufeng The Shang Dynasty is China's first writing state of slavery. The Shang Dynasty bronze civilization not only with dignity is also known for its numerous jade. In the Western Zhou Dynasty jade jade Shang Dynasty inherited double outline skills at the same time, the original side slope thick line or fine Yin carved jade carving craft, which shaped jade knife and shine in the Jade Bird Animal mask. But on the whole, the jade wares of the Western Zhou Dynasty were not lively and varied, but they were a little stiff and too formal. This and the Western Zhou strictpatriarchal system, and not unrelated. During the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, the political lords contend for hegemony, the academic contention of a hundred schools of thought, the cultural and artistic flowers bloom, jade carving art brilliant, it can be compared with the Mediterranean basin of Greece, Rome stone carving art comparable. Yu Huang (Chun Qiu), are decorated and drilled with small holes, dragon head, easy to hang, available or decorated with inlaid ornaments. The Qin Dynasty is known as the world's eight wonders of the jade unearthed from Qin terracotta warriors and horses, but very few. The new discovery of Qin jade art appearance also depends on the underground archaeological. The jades of the Han Dynasty inherited the essence of jade carving in the Warring States period and continued to develop, and laid the basic pattern of jade culture in china. Han Dynasty jade can be divided into ritual jade, burial jade, decorative jade, Chen Sheyu four categories, the most can reflect the Han Dynasty Jade characteristics and carving craft level, is buried jade and display jade. Songze culture Jade Heart Han, wide end round, pointed end, shape if the heart-shaped, unearthed found in people's mouth. In China jade history, a 3.5 century period of three dynasties, is a highly developed low tide of the Han and Tang Dynasties unearthed jade jade between the Han Dynasty and has little rhyme, some innovators, only Yubei and jade lamp. This was the tomb stone Buddhist art become fashionable for a time and art disproportionate. The reason, then do not like jade, jade and the prevalence of eating. The influence of the immortal thoughts and Taoist alchemy, jade, jade to find to eat to the point of madness. "Jade also elixir, but rare ear." "The clothes of gold, such as gold jade Shou; clothing, jade." Early jade art value and the concept of etiquette, then disappeared. The famous jade Li Jingxun tomb unearthed gold jade lamp, wondering fine, moist texture, soft luster, Jin Yuhu as a foil, splendid and elegant. Tang jade figure ellipse cup The Tang Dynasty Jade number is not much, but the jade pieces are treasures, excellent grinding cut process. In the Tang Dynasty, jade craftsman drew art nutrition from painting, sculpture and western regions art, and figured out the jade ware with the style of the Tang dynasty. The eight petal pattern Yubei, the first animal agate cup, is a true portrayal of the Tang Dynasty jade carving art, is the witness of cultural exchange. Yuan jade fancy cup The Yuan Dynasty Jade inheritance in the song and Jin Dynasties art style, take up process technique, the typical artifacts is Alexander Yuhai ditch, with the form of Applied Arts, sea animal swim in the tempestuous waves, a vigorous heroic spirit of the yuan. The Ming and Qing Dynasty is the heyday of Chinese jade, the jade beauty, fine carving, the shape of Feng, many works, used widely, is hitherto unknown. The Ming and Qing Dynasties Royal love Yucheng wind, the emperor Qian Long is encouraged to spare no effort, and tries to find the basis for his love like life. The Ming Dynasty tomb unearthed jade Qing Dynasty, his chrysanthemum petal shaped jade plate, toin ladies jade, jade is the Royal family. It is booming Suzhou folk jade shop, Zhuanzhu lane is the center of the Ming Dynasty in the jade carving, jade is in "good capital, fine push Su county". The Ming and Qing Dynasties Yubei Ming Jade dry poses, tea wine popular antique jade emerge in an endless stream. Furnace, smoked, bottle, Ding GUI, antique jade, imitation bronze sacrificial vessel type three generation, and the decoration reflects the jade craftsman views, process is more typical for the Ming and Qing dynasties. The relationship between jade and the social and cultural life is closely, literati painting, writing in his study, often with jade, note, pen, ink wash bed, Paperweight, qualities and other stationery, or jade decorative furnishings. Yushan is the new Qing Dynasty jade, is China's largest King Yu combating the flood map of Yushan. In the Qing Dynasty and build western jade jade carving marks Si but achievements, made a number of tire as thin as paper, jade and Juanxiu "fan". Ming Jade draws paintings, sculpture, craft performance practices, draw the traditional line, line, plane convex, implicit, sudden, hollow, solid, pretty color, burning and other ancient jade carving process, integration through comprehensive application, so that it works to reach the pinnacle of art realm.