内六角扳手Ansys分析实例

内六角扳手Ansys 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 实例 内六角扳手的静力分析与优化设计 陈晨 力学与工程学院,结构2010-01班,20104336 【摘要】本文中,将采用一个内六角扳手的静力分析为例来具体说明Ansys的典型分析过程,包括模型建立,划分网格,施加载荷和边界条件,求解以及后处理等。通过二维拉伸生成三维模型,分两步加载,查看两种载荷下六角形扳手的等效Von Mises应力,对六边形扳手进行应力校核,看其等效Von Mises应力是否小于200MPa。假如校核不满足,在不改变六角形尺寸和载荷的前提下,如何优化扳手的结构,使其满足设计要求。 【关键词】扳手,应力校核,优化,荷载步分析 1. 问题描述 内六角扳手在日常生产生活当中运用广泛。 本例选取的扳手其实体模型如图1 所示，先受1000N的力产生的扭矩作用，然后在加上200N力的弯曲，分析目的是算出在这两种外载作用下扳手的应力分布。扳手的详细参数如下: 截面宽:10mm，正六边形边长为5. 8 mm; 形状:正六边形 杆长:7.5cm 手柄长:20cm 倒角半径:1cm 11弹性模量:2. 07×10Pa 向下的面力:20N 斜向上的面力:100N products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 图1 六方孔扳手的几何尺寸 2. 建立模型 完整的前处理过程包括:设定分析模式;定义单元类型和实常数;定义材料属性;建立几何模型;划分有限元网格。下面就结合本实例进行介绍。本实例中选取的应力单位为Pa ，力单位为N，长度为m。 2.1选择分析模式 选取菜单项 Main Menu|Preference ，将弹出 Preference of GUI Filtering(菜单过滤参数选择)对话框，如图。选中Structural复选框，以便 Ansys的主菜单设置为与结构分析相 对应的菜单选项。 图2 选择分析模式 2.2 定义单元类型 在进行有限元分析时，首先应根据分析问题的几何结构，分析类型和所分析的问题的精度要求等，选定适合分析实例的有限元单元类型。本例中选用8节点实体单元(Solid-Brick 8node45 ) 。选取菜单项 Main Menu|Preprocessor|Element Type|Add/Edit/Delete，将弹出Element Types (单元类型)对话框，点取Add，在Library of Element Types中选取相应单元类型，如图3所示。 图3选择单元类型 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 2.3定义材料属性 本例中选用的两种单元类型均不需定义实常数，故略过定义实常数这一步骤而直接定义材料属性。选取菜单项 Main Menu|Preprocessor|Material Props|Material Models，将弹出Define Material Model Behavior对话框，如图: 2.4建立几何模型 本实例采用沿路径拖拉的方式建立实体模型和有限元网格，因此首先建立扳手的截面，然后做出扳手的一条路径线，将截面沿此路径线拖拉生成扳手实体模型和网格。 图4 定义材料属性 2.4.1 建立扳手截面(正六边形) 单击菜单项Main Menu|Preprocessor|Modeling|Create|Areas|Polygon|By Side Length，弹出Polygon by Side Length(根据边长创建正多边形)对话框，如图所示。输入边数6，边长0.058m。关闭创建多边形的对话框，生成正六边形如图。此种方式生成的正多边形的中心在工作平面的原点。 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 图5 建立六角形截面 2.4.2创建截面拖拉路径 点击Main Menu|Preprocessor|Modeling|Create|Keypoints|In active CS,输入三个路径关键点:7(0,0,0)，8(0，0,-0.2)，9(0，-0.075，-0.2)，生成点后将点点相连，做出基本路径框架如图: 图6 建立路径框架线 之后进行倒角。在Create|Lines|中点取Line Fillet，出现line fillet对话框。点选线7、8，输入倒角半径1cm，形成完整拖拉路径曲线。 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 图7 形成倒角 2.4.3 生成实体模型 点击Main Menu|Preprocessor|Modeling|Operate|Extrude，选择拖拉对象“Areas”，方式“Along lines”，依次点击面及拖拉路径线，生成实体模型如图8: 图8 建立好的实体模型 2.5 网格划分 选择Main Menu|Preprocessor|Meshing|MeshTool，打开网格划分工具。点选Global项后的Set，定义单元长度。本例选择2mm为单元尺度，网格划分方式为Sweep，划分后的网格如图10所示。 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 图9 网格划分工具 图10 划分好的网格 2.6 定义边界条件与荷载 建立有限元模型后，就需要定义边界条件并施加荷载，才能进行求解。 2.6.1 定义边界条件 实例的位移边界条件为将扳手杆部的底面边界上节点的全部位移固定。具体步骤:选择Main Menu|Preprocessor|Loads|Define Loads|Apply|Structural，定义点选Displacement|On Areas，弹出面选择对话框，要求选择欲对其施加位移约束的面。选择扳手杆端底面(面22)，点OK，出现Apply U,ROT on Areas(在面上施加位移约束)对话框，如图11: 图11 定义边界位移对话框 在 DOFS to be constrained(可供约束的自由度)列 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 框中选择 ALL DOF(所有自由度)，对所选节点的所有自由度都施加约选择，关闭对话框。此时施加约束，如图。 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 图12 底面位移边界 2.6.2在扳手柄上施加面力 对于多载荷步分析，既可以定义一个载荷步，分析一个载荷步;也可以定义载荷步之后，将载荷步配置写入载荷步文件中，最后直接求解多载荷步。本实例采用后一种方法。首先将要在扳手手柄的端部施加 100N的面力，以模拟扳手在使用中的状态之一。 为简化起见，将100N的面力分解到3个节点上，由于单元选取的很小，故误差也是非常小的。选择Main Menu|Preprocessor|Loads|Define Loads|Apply|Structural，选Force/Moment，选择侧面的3个节点，在Apply F/M on Nodes对话框(图13)中对所选取节点沿-Y方向各施加100/3牛的力。 图13 对节点施加面力 单击 Main Menu | Solution | Load Step Opts | Write LS File，弹出 Write Lo ad Step File(写载荷步文件)对话框，如图所示。在 Load step file number n (载荷步文件编号)文本框中中填入“1 ”，保存为第一载荷步文件。 图14 写载荷步文件对话框 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 在扳手手柄的端部再施加20N的向下的面力，以模拟扳手在使用中的另一种状态。出现的对话框和基本步骤类同于上一步。将其存为第二个载荷步。 3.求解 3.1利用载荷步求解 本节中将开始利用载荷步文件对已经定义的两个载荷步进行求解。单击 Main Menu |Solution |Solve |From LS Files，弹出 Solve Load Step files(求解载荷步文件)对话框。如图15所示。在 Starting LS file number(开始载荷步文件编号)文本框中填入“1”。在 Ending LS file number(结束载荷文件编号)文本框中填入“2 ”。点击OK，Ansys将开始从编号为1的载荷步文件开始读入进行求解，直到读入指定结束编号的载荷步文件被读入并求解时完成求解。求解完成后，显示“Solution is Done”对话框。 图15 求解载荷步文件 3.2查看结果 下面将分别读入两个载荷结果数据并在中查看模型的von Mises应力分布。单击 Main Menu |General Postproc|Read Results|First Set，读入第一荷载步。然后点选Plot Result，进行图像绘制。首先画变形图。选择 Contour Plot|Nodal Solu，弹出对话框如图16，在 Item to be contoured(等值线显示结果项)域的左边的列表框中选择Stress-von Mises stress，点OK，图形窗口中显示出 von Mises 等效应力分布图，如图17所示。图中下方的色谱表明不同的颜色对应的数值(带符号)，一般是红色表示最大值，蓝色表示最小。通过颜色分布可以直观的得到最大应力区域和整个模型的应力分布等。由图可知，最大等 9效应力为0.218×10Pa=218MPa，由图18放大显示，最大应力出现在L型的拐角内侧。 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 图16 图形显示选择 图17 第一荷载步下的等效应力分布图 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 图18 第一荷载步下的等效应力分布局部放大图 下面读入第二载荷步。单击 Main Menu |General Postproc|Read Results|Next Set，读入第二荷载步。绘制应力图如下(图19)，最大等效应力达到了249MPa。 图19 第二荷载步下的等效应力分布 3.3结果分析 本例中，材料的许用应力为200MPa。而在此给定尺寸下，结构的最大等效应力达到了249MPa，显然是不符合要求的，需要对其结构进行大规模的优化，使其承载符合需用应力的要求。 4.优化设计 本例要求不改变荷载和六角截面尺寸。在这一前提下，以下给出了两种优化 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 。(说明:为提高求解效率，优化过程均采用一次加载。) products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 4.1 缩短手柄长度 由局部放大图知，最大应力出现在拐角处。在荷载不变的情况下，可通过缩短手柄以减小扭矩的方法来降低局部应力。将手柄长度由20cm依次减为19cm、18cm、17cm，其他尺寸均不变，进行模拟。计算得到的最大应力均在200以上。减至16cm时，最大应力降低到了199MPa(图20)，满足设计要求。可见缩短手柄长度是优化设计的有效方法之一。 图20 手柄缩短至16cm时的应力分布 4.2 改变倒角尺寸 考虑到实际情况中，将手柄缩短不但减小了力臂，且缩短了抓握长度，可能会带来使用的不便，因此决定尝试采用优化倒角尺寸的方法。由材料力学知，结构尺寸的突变将产生局部应力集中。为缓和应力集中，可增大倒角半径，以期使其符合许用应力的要求。将倒角半径改为2cm，再次计算，得到的应力云图如图21，最大应力降至193MPa，满足设计要求。 图21 倒角半径增大至2cm时的应力分布 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, 需要说明的是，在实际生产中，应该经过多次精细优化，找到最接近临界条件的合理尺寸，以追求最大限度利用材料，并有利于加工，提高效益。 5. 结论 内六角扳手由于结构简单，使用方便等优点在日常生产生活中应用广泛。而对该结构的仿真分析与优化设计则是一个比较容易上手且具有良好实用价值的课题。本文重点体现的是如何利用Ansys进行建模和使用载荷步求解并对结果进行展示、分析，并进行延伸，方法非常基础，同时又体现着创新思想，是初学者学习Ansys分析方法的一个经典 案例 全员育人导师制案例信息技术应用案例心得信息技术教学案例综合实践活动案例我余额宝案例 。 参考文献: [1]康国政、阚前华、张娟.大型有限元程序的原理、结构和使用.西南交通大学出版社.2008. [2]孙训方、方孝淑、关来泰.材料力学(第5版) 高等教育出版社.2010 products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred,