26个英文字母及发音音标_单词发音规则

地道英语音标：26个字母及其发音 英语中有26个英文字母，其中5个元音字母和21个辅音字母。任何一个英语单词都可由26个字母组成。 26个英文字母及发音音标如下: A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef] G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei] K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [əu] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d∧blju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:][zed] 以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: 1)含元音音素[ei] 字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei] 2) 含元音音素[i:] 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:][ti:] [vi:] 3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed] 4) 含元音音素[ju:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww 音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:] 5) 含元音音素[ai] 字母: Ii Yy 音标: [ai] [wai] 音素与国际音标 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 要弄清什么是音标，首先要弄清楚什么是音素。音素是最小的语音单位，具有辨别词义的功能。英语共有48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。音标则是音素的书面存在形式。音标是识记单词的重要工具和手段，对音标的学习和掌握情况会直接影响到学习语音和识记单词的效果。通常情况下，48个音素可分为元音和辅音两大类，其划分依据主要是看发音时气流从肺部呼出时是否受到发音器官的阻碍，以下简要说明之。 什么是元音？ 发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。一般来说，人们依据发音时舌位、舌高和张弛程度的变化将元音分为单元音和双元音两大类。发音时舌位、舌高和张弛程度发生变化的是单元音，有12个，其又可分为前元音（4个）、中元音（3个）和后元音（5个）。双元音又可分为合口双元音（5个）和集中双元音（3个）。舌高由低到高，口腔由开到半开到半合的发音状态叫合口双元音；舌高和口腔的开合程度向/ /滑动，这种状态的发音叫集中双元音，如下表： 转播到腾讯微博 什么是辅音？ 无论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。同样，人们也将辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音两大类，发音时声带不振动的称为清辅音，发音时声带振动的称为浊辅音。为了学习和研究方便，人们还依据发音部位和发音方式的不同，再将其细分，如下表： 转播到腾讯微博 26个英文字母及发音音标如下: Aa [e] Bb [bi:] Cc [si:] Dd [di:] Ee [i:] Ff [ef] Gg [d i:] Hh [et∫] I i [ɑ] J j [d e] K k [ke] L l [el] Mm [em] N n [en] O o [әu] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′dΛblju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:]/[zed] 以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: з 1)含元音音素[ei] 字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标: [e] [et∫] [d e] [ke] 2) 含元音音素[i:] 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:] 3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed] 4) 含元音音素[ju:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww 音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`dΛblju:] 5) 含元音音素[ɑ] 字母: Ii 音标: [ɑ] Yy 音标: [wɑ] 英语发音规则 一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母的读音 a 在开音节中读[e] 如：name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [æ] 如：bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ɑ] bike drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 [ı] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [әu] those close go home no 在闭音节中 [D] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j, l ,r ,s后面时读[u:]音, 例如:June blue ruler super 二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 a [ә] China another woman breakfast [  ] orange comrade village cabbage e [ә] hundred student open weekend [] chicken pocket begin children i [ә]/[ı] holiday beautiful family animal [a] exercise satellite o [ә] second tonight somebody welcome [әu] also zero photo u [ә] autumn diffcult [ju:] popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[e]音,例如:operate u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j、 l、 r、 s后面时,读[u(:)]音, 例如:July influence February issue 三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 1、a在[w]音后面 [פ] want what watch wash quality a在f、n、 sk 、ph 、sp 、ss 、st 、th前时读 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father 2、i在-nd、 -ld和gh前 读[ɑ] 如: find child light high 3、o在-st、 -ld前读[әu] 如: most postcard old cold 4、o在m、 n 、v 、th前 读[Λ] come monkey love mother 四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 әзŋ 1、ar ar 一般读[ɑ:] car farm dark sharp 在[w]后读[פ:] warm quarter towards 2、or [פ:] 如： forty morning short or在[w]音后面 读 [з:] word worker worse 3、er、 ir、 ur读 [з:] 如： certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成 -r音节,而是按重读闭音节的 拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ә]音,例如: dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 are [eә] care dare hare ere [ә] here mere ire [ɑә] fire hire wire ore [פ:] more score before shore bore ure [ju:ә] pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ә]音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音. 例如: parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象. 例如:orange very American paragraph 六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 ai/ay读音[e] 例 词 afraid rain wait day play air[eә] air hair chair pair repair al在f,m前读 [פ:l] small ball talk wall all [פ:l] always also salt almost bald [ɑ:] half calm palm au/aw[פ:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [e] break great ear [ә] hear dear near clear year [eә] bear pear wear [з:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [ә]] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [e] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在j、l、r、s后读 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew ie/ei 在[s]音之后 念[i:] piece field receive oa [әu] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [פ:] roar board door floor oi/oy [פ] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good ou/ow [ɑu] flower house count down [әu] know row throw though [Λ] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [פ:] course your four [ɑuә] our hour ours [з:] journey ui 在j、l 、r、 s后 [ju: ] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit 七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay 、ei/ey [] Sunday foreign monkey ow [әu] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[ә]音或 []. 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [∫n] impression nation -sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [t∫n] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle castle -sure [Зә] pleasure measure -ture [t∫ә] picture culture 八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读. 例如: everyday [e] handbag [æ] blackboard [פ:] 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音. 例如: sun太阳 + day[e]日子 > Sunday[] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[e]日子 > holiday[] 假日 break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ә] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[פ:] > cupboard[ә] 碗柜 九,辅字组的读音 辅音字母组 读 音 例 词 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb c [k] cake picture coat music 在 e前或在i/y前 [s] face decide cinema ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [∫] machine -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [d ] bridge fridge dr- [dr] children driver drink -ds [dz] stands floods goods f [f] five four breakfast g [g] bag gardon go 在e i/y前 [d ] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue [gw] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [d ] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column n [n] not shine ten note 在[k]/ [g]音前 [ŋ] uncle thank hungry -ng [ŋ] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler s在词首或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet school [s] muscle science sh [∫] she fish shirt wash t在通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet 在弱读字母ia ie io前 [∫] patient nation tch [t∫] watch kitchen th在通常情况下[θ] thin thirty method 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 [ð]the these with than 在词尾-the -ther中 [ð] clothe father weather tr- [tr] tree train country truck ts [ts] sports parts v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] answer two wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole x 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] examle exist exact wr- [r] write y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo 重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号. 开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如: no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如: bag egg fish not cup 多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读. 例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion 词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如: scien `tific im`pression `nation