大学英语语法 总结

大学英语语法 总结 总结 865 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点360 例讲评 英语貌合神离句, 指的是结构形似而含义不同的英语句子。这类句子由于“貌合”, 易引起误解和误 用, 且出现的频率较高, 是英语学习中的一大难点。事实证明, 即使是已具有相当水平的英语学习者, 如 果平时不注意分析研究, 也往往不辨“庐山真面目”, 看不出这类句子的真正内涵或言外之意。因此, 可 以这样说, 从能否正确理解这类句子, 可以判断出一位英语学习者的英语语言功底和理解能力。另一方 面, 英语中有相当数量的表意丰富、搭配功能强、用法复杂的词汇和特殊难点, 掌握好了, 可以为己所用, 挥洒自如, 妙笔生花; 掌握不了, 则如隔雾看花, 不解真谛, 每每出错。下面的句子大都是英语貌合神离 句和特殊难点的“经典”, 具有典型性和代表性, 如能悉心研读, 必将会发现英语语言的“新大陆”, 得到意 外的惊喜和收获。 1 . According to the plan , they must finish the work by Monday . 按照计划, 他们必须在星期一 以前完成工作。( 修饰全句) By Monday they must finish the work according to the plan . 在星期一以前他们必须按照计 划完成工作。( 修饰finish ) 2 . That is my all . 我一切都在那里。(那是我的一切。all 为名词) All tha t is mine . 那一切都是我的。( all 为形容词) 3 . Jack has also decided to spend a few days in Aust ria on his way to Switzerland . 杰克也决定 在前往瑞士途中在奥地利逗留几天。( 修饰谓语) Jack has decided also to spend a few days in Aust ria on his way to Switzerland . 杰克决定在 他前往瑞士途中在奥地利也要逗留几天。( 修饰不定式) 4 . She had the gr ace at least to admit that she was par tly in the wrong . 至少她很痛快, 承认她 自己也有一部分过错。( 修饰had the grace ) She had the gr ace to admit that she was a t least par tly in the wrong . 她倒很痛快, 承认自己 至少也有些过错。( 修饰pa rtly in the wrong) 5 . Her speech was reported at length in the newspapers . 她的 演讲 办公室主任竞聘演讲中层竞聘演讲护士长竞聘演讲演讲比赛活动要求对演讲比赛的点评 词在报纸上详细地登载出来。 ( = in great detail) At length , he r speech was r epor ted in the newspapers . 她的演讲词终于在报纸上登载出来。 ( = at last ) 6 . We we re passing by a boat house when we met her . 我们从游艇停泊处经过, 碰上了她。 ( a place where boats anchor) We we re passing by a house boat when we met her . 我们从一艘住家船边经过, 碰上了她。 ( a boat serving as a house ) 7 . The police made a ca reful study of the book case . 警察仔细察看了书橱。 The police made a ca reful study of the case book . 警察仔细研究了案例。( 判例、案例) 8 . He took her to a bus sta tion . 他带她到一个汽车站。 He took her to a sta tion bus . 他带她到一辆往返(火) 车站的公共汽车那里。 9 . They found the empty bottle . 他们找到了空瓶子。( empty 作定语) They found the bot tle empty . 他们发现瓶子是空着的。( empty 作宾补) 10 . How people can be s uch fools ! 怎么会有人这么傻! (对真人真事感到惋惜、惊奇) How can people be s uch fools ? 谁可能会那么傻呢? (未必有的事情) 11 . How old she is ! 她竟然这么衰老! (同样, How young she is ! = She is ext remely young . ) How old is she ? 她多大年纪? ( 同样, How young is she ? 她有多年轻?) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 866 附 录 12 . I gazed at the broken case glass and didn..t know what to do . ( 镂花厚玻璃) I gazed at the broken glas s case and didn..t know what to do . ( 玻璃橱柜) 13 . He likes this kind of chocolates . 他喜欢这种牌号的巧克力。( 式样、牌号) He likes chocolates of this kind . 他喜欢这种口味的巧克力。( 质量、特征) 14 . He kept her company . 他陪着她。 He kept company with he r . 他和她交朋友( 谈恋爱) 。(结交、要好) 15 . We didn..t buy it , did we , because it was cheap . 我们没买, 对不对, 那东西质量很差。( did we 强调主句) We didn..t buy them because it was cheap , did we ? 我们不是因为便宜才买, 对不对? ( 反意 问句) 16 . It never occurr ed to her to doubt that the story might be false . 对于情节可能纯属虚构这一 点, 她深信不疑。( 相信故事是虚构的) The doubt neve r occurred to her that the story might be false . 她从来没怀疑过故事可能是 假的。( 相信故事是真的, tha t . . .为同位语从句) 17 . Can you tell me all you know about a flower garden ? 你可以把你所知道关于花园的一切都 告诉我吗? (不同于vegetable garden) Can you tell me all you know about a garden flowe r ? 你可以把你所知道关于园中种植的花 卉的一切情况都告诉我吗? ( 不同于wild flowe r) 18 . She simply spoke . 她只不过说说而已。( 没有行动) She spoke simply . 她说起话来, 简洁、直率。 19 . Two of my brother..s friends came to see him off . 我哥哥的朋友当中有两个人来给他送行。 ( 不只两个朋友) Two fr iends of my brother..s came to see him off . 我哥哥的两个朋友来给他送行。(可能只 有两个朋友) 20 . The orator made himself gener ally unpopular with the crowd . 这个演说家, 群众普遍地不喜 欢他。( 修饰unpopular) The orator generally made himself unpopular with the crowd . 这个演说家通常不受群众欢 迎。( 修饰made) 21 . Thank you . This is a piece of good advice for me . 谢谢你。这意见对我真有好处。(benefit me) Thank you . This is a good piece of advice for me . 谢谢你。这真是金石之言! ( l think highly) 22 . Half a bottle is left . 剩下半瓶。 A half-bot tle is left . 剩下半瓶装的一瓶。 23 . Jim..s father gave him half a crown . 杰姆的爸爸给他半克朗的钱。( 可能是若干个钱币) Jim..s father gave him a half- crown . 杰姆的爸爸给他一枚半克朗的钱币。(一个钱币) 24 . He dr ank half another cup . 他又喝了半杯。 He dr ank another half-cup . 他把另外半杯也喝了下去。 25 . He pour ed himself out a glass of wa ter . 他自己倒一杯水喝。( 不是给别人倒的) He pour ed out a glass of wate r himself . 他亲自倒一杯水。( 可能给别人) 26 . She saw him through . 她对他帮助到底。 She saw through him . 她看透了他的为人。 27 . He gave him a tip about the horse races . 他教了他一些赛马经。( 指注押在哪一匹马上) He gave him a tip about the race horses . 他告诉他这些比赛用的马的底细(该买哪一匹)。 28 . Only yesterday I met her and discussed the matter with her . 我昨天刚看见她, 还和她讨论过 这件事情。( 时间之近) Only yesterday did I meet her and discuss the matter with her . 我到昨天才见到她和她讨论 了这件事情。(时间之迟) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 867 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 29 . She will explain quite clearly in future what she intends to do . 今后她会说得很清楚, 她打算 做什么。(修饰主句) She will explain quite clearly what she intends to do in future . 她会说得很清楚, 她今后打算 做什么。(修饰从句) 30 . She t ried in vain to prevent the work from being done . 她试图阻挠工作的完成, 结果失败了。 She t ried to prevent the work from being done in vain . 她试图防止工作做得劳而无功。 31 . I hope she will soon get ove r it . 我希望她很快就会忘掉这件事。( 忘掉, 克服) I hope she will soon get it ove r . 我希望她很快就会结束这件事。( 结束) 32 . I should like to have gone . 可惜我没去, 要去就好了。( I wish I had gone) I should have liked to go . 可惜我不知道, 要知道我就去了。( I liked to , but I didn..t know) ( 当时不知道, 不然一定会去的) 33 . This dist rict is new to him . 这地方他以前没来过。 He is new to this dist rict . 他刚在这里定居不久。 34 . She had nothing mor e to say . 她再也没有什么好说的了。 She had to say nothing more . 她不该再说什么。( had to 相当于should) 35 . I often wake up during the night . 我常常在半夜里醒来。 I wake up of ten during the night . 我夜里醒来好多次。 36 . Quite proper ly she was punished . 她受处分, 理所应当。(修饰全句) She was punished quite properly . 她所受的处分恰如其分。( 修饰punished) 37 . They have come r ather a long way . 他们已经走了相当长的路。 They came a ra the r long way . 他们来的这条路相当长。 38 . Some authors write because they have a story to tell . 有些作家写文章是因为感到有东西可 写。( 乐意写) Some authors write because they have to tell a story . 有些作家写文章是因为非写不可。( 为 了养家等) 39 . It is a sor t of wine . 这是一种酒。 It is wine of a sor t . 这也算是酒吧。( of a sor t 含贬义) 40 . I noticed that while she was present he would never say a word . 我注意到她在场时他总是 一言不发。 I noticed while she was present tha t he would never say a word . 当她也在场的时候, 我注意 到他一言不发。 41 . He is inexperienced , he is quite clever though . 他没有经验, 不过他很聪明。( = never theless , however) He is inexperienced though he is quite clever . 虽然他很聪明, 可是他没有经验。 42 . When Jack a rrived , I was just going to bed . 杰克到达时, 我正要上床睡觉。 I was just going to bed when Jack a rrived . 我正要上床睡觉, 恰恰在这时候, 杰克却来了。 ( = and then) 43 . The fruit is good to eat . 这种水果可以吃。(不脏不烂) The fruit is good eating . 这水果很好吃。( enjoyable) 44 . I don..t like to punish first offenders . 我不愿意处分初次犯错误的人。( like 的宾语为to punish) I don..t like punishing first offende rs . ( like 的宾语为punishing fir st offenders )对初次犯错 误的人就给予处分, 我不赞成。 45 . I don..t like to talk with her . 我不愿和她谈话。 I don..t like talking with her . 我讨厌和她谈话。( 厌恶) 46 . He was seen to lie down on the grass . 看到他在草地上躺了下来。( 动作) He was seen lying down on the grass . 看到他正在草地上躺着。(状态) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 868 附 录 47 . He must have had a busy time since he started to cycle . 自从他骑车出发以后, 肯定够他忙了。 ( set off by bike) He must have had a busy time since he sta rted cycling . 自从开始骑车后, 肯定够他忙了。 ( 不再坐汽车) 48 . He went on to question me where she had been . 他接着问我她刚才上哪儿去了。(前后动作 不同。刚才他在做别的事情, 而现在却问) He went on questioning me where she had been . 他继续问我她刚才上哪儿去了这个问题。 ( 继续) 49 . She was accustomed to walk for ten minutes after lunch . 她经常在午饭后散步十分钟。 She was accustomed to walking long distances . 她已惯于长途步行。 50 . The se rvant was afraid to wake up his master . 那个仆人不敢叫醒他的主人。( 叫醒他要挨 骂、挨打) The se rvant was afraid of waking up his master . 那个仆人怕把他主人惊醒。(趁他睡觉逃 跑, 万一惊醒他, 就跑不成了) 51 . They were engaged to carry out an important piece of research . 聘请他们来进行一项重要的 研究项目。( be employed) They were engaged in carrying out an important piece of research . 他们忙于进行一项重要的 研究项目。( be busy) 52 . She is good to do that . 她真好, 做了这件事。 She is good at doing that . 她很擅长做这件事。 53 . They a re sure to meet him . 他们肯定会见到他。( surely) They a re sure of meeting him . 他们深信会见到他。( be confident ) 54 . A knife is used to cut bread . 用刀切面包。( 特定目的) A knife is used for cut ting purposes . 刀子的用途是切削。( 一般用途) 55 . They agr eed to do it . 他们同意这样做。 They a re agreed on doing it . 他们对做这件事取得了一致的意见。 56 . We can..t help her br eak the code . I t..s too elaborate . 我们没办法帮她破那个密码———太复 杂了! We can..t help her br eaking the code . It..s too simple . ( prevent ) 我们没办法不让她识破密码 ———太简单了! 57 . Ther e was no r eason for he r to make such a decision . 她没有理由作出这样的决定。 Ther e was, for her , no r eason for making such a decision . 照她看来, 不存在做出这样决定 的理由。(插入语) 58 . The principal has resigned to make way for a younger man . 校长辞职, 让比他年轻的人接替。 The pr incipal is resigned to making way for a younger man . 校长只好接受事实, 让位给比 他年轻的人。(屈从, 服从) 59 . She was very busy last week . 上个星期她很忙。 She has been very busy for the last week . 这个星期以来她一直很忙。 60 . Since I was at this school , the re have been three head-master s . 从我离开这个学校时候起, 已经换了三个校长。( 现不在该校) Since I have been at this school, there have been three head-masters . 从我来这个学校起, 我 们已经换了三个校长。( 现仍在该校) 61 . Since he was ill , his friend has visited him eve ry day . 从他病好起, 他的朋友天天来看他。 Since he has been ill, his friend has visited him every day . 从他生病起, 他的朋友天天来看他。 62 . She is clever . 她很聪明。 She is being clever . 她在卖弄聪明。( 一时的特点) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 869 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 63 . When he is in Beijing , he always reads China Pictorial . 他在北京的时候总是看中国画报。 ( 特别喜欢看它) When he is in Beijing , he is always reading China Pictorial . 他在北京的时候, 整天看中国画 报。( 除此之外, 几乎不做别的事) 64 . We..d bet ter dress for dinner . 我们最好是穿礼服赴宴。( 时间尚早) We..d bet ter be dr essing for dinner . 我们要去赴宴, 现在最好就要换衣服了。( 此刻就要去) 65 . We can discuss this while we eat . 我们可在吃饭的时候讨论这件事。 We can discuss this while we are eating . 我们可以一边吃一边讨论这件事。 66 . What do you do for a living ? I write poems . 你靠什么生活? 我写诗歌。( 一生) What are you doing for a living ? I am writing poems . 你目前靠什么生活? 我写诗歌。( 最近) 67 . If I should see him right now , I should insult him . 如果我现在能看到他, 我就要侮辱他。 If I should see him as I am now , I should be insulting him . 如果我现在这个样子就见他, 那 就等于侮辱他。 68 . I hea rd the news a t my uncle..s , where I have dined fr equently . 我在我叔叔家听到这消息, 我常在他家里吃饭。 I hea rd the news a t my uncle..s , where I have been dining . 我在我叔叔家听到这消息, 我刚 刚在他那里吃过饭。( 刚刚发生) 69 . She hasn..t spoken since thr ee o..clock . 她从3 点钟起, 就再没说话了。 She hasn..t been speaking since thr ee o..clock . 她不是从3 点钟起就开始说话的。(可能从3 点半) 70 . She is playing a folk-song next . 她接着要演奏一曲民歌。 She will be playing some mor e late r . 她以后还要演奏更多的曲子。 71 . He..s seeing you a t once . 他立即要接见你。( immediate future) He..ll be seeing you in a few minutes . 他等一会儿会接见你的。( near future ) 72 . Whe re does she come from ? 她是哪里人? Whe re has she come from ? 她从哪儿来? 73 . If the envelope was sealed , the contents would not have fallen out . 看来信封口没封好, 否则 里面的东西不会掉出来。( 从掉出的东西推测) If the envelope had been sealed , the contents would not have fallen out . 信封没封好。要 是 封好了, 里面的东西就不会掉出来了。( 对过去假设) 74 . If you hadn..t stopped him, he would be here . 要不是你挡住了他, 他此刻可能到这儿了。 ( 现在) If you hadn..t stopped him, he would have been he re . 要不是你挡住了他, 他那时候就到这 儿了。( 过去) 75 . I hoped tha t you would help . 我想你会出力帮助的。 I hoped tha t you would have helped . 我本以来你会出力帮助的。 76 . He was clever enough to be a doctor . 他够聪明, 能当医生。 He was clever enough to have been a doctor . 以他的聪明, 本来完全可以成为一个医生的。 77 . He walk s as if he is drunk . 从他走路的姿态看来, 他是醉了。 He walk s as if he were drunk . 他摇摇晃晃地走路, 活像喝醉了酒。(未醉) 78 . Help was given to anyone who had work to do . 对一切有工作要做的人, 给予帮助。 Help was given to anyone who had work to be done . 对一切有工作需要别人做的人, 给予帮助。 79 . Rome and Naples . . .even Florence ar e yet to see . 罗马, 那不勒斯..甚至佛罗伦斯, 我们还 没看到。(we haven..t seen) Rome and Naples . . .even Florence ar e yet to be seen . 罗马, 那不勒斯..甚至佛罗伦斯, 还 可以看到。(we shall see) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 870 附 录 80 . He has had these impulses since he can remember . 在他的记忆之中, 他一直有这种感情冲动。 He has had these impulses since he has been able to remember . 从他能记事以来, 他一直有这种 感情冲动。 81 . Can I see the manage r , please ? 我能够见一见经理吗? ( 迫切, 近乎强求) May I see the manager , please ? 我可以见一见经理吗? ( 礼貌) 82 . He can have disguised himself . 他当时可以化装的。( 有条件化装) He may have disguised himself . 他当时可能化了装。(未被识破) 83 . We might ask him to be a chairman . 我们不妨请他担任主席。( 建议) We could ask him to be a chairman . 要是请他担任主席, 我们是做得到的。( 可以办到) 84 . He must stay the night . 他今天晚上一定要在这里过夜。(我要求他留下来) (主观愿望) He has to stay the night . 他只好在这里过夜。( 末班车已经开走了, 或者是风雨交加回不 去。) ( 客观情况使得) 85 . You must change you shoes . 你必须换双鞋子。(刚打扫过的房间, 我不能让你穿这双沾满 污泥的鞋子走进来) You have to change your shoes . 你得换双鞋子。(例如按照当地风俗, 提醒对方。进清真寺 就得换鞋, 这是回教徒的规矩) 86 . We should not tell falsehoods . 我们不该讲假话。(个人看法) We ought not to tell falsehoods . ( 我们) 不该讲假话。( 道德, 伦理) 87 . Have you ( any) s uga r in your tea ? 你茶里已经加了糖吗? (具体时间, 特定时间) Do you have suga r in your tea ? 你喝茶要放糖吗? ( 经常性习惯动作) 88 . I hadn..t any tea . 我没有茶叶。I didn..t have any tea . 我没喝茶。 89 . She doesn..t need to be told . 她用不着别人告诉她。( 早知道了) She needn..t be told . 不必告诉她。(可以对她保密) 90 . I didn..t need to answe r the questions , which saved me a lot of trouble . 我无须回答问题, 省 了好多事。(没回答) I needn..t have answered the questions, which would have saved me a lot of t rouble . (回答了)我 根本就不必要去回答那些问题, 要那样做的话, 就会省掉好多事了。 91 . We had bet ter act on his advice . 我们最好按照他的意见办。 We had bet ter act on his advices . 我们最好按照他的通知办。 92 . He put on an air of innocence . 他装出一副清白的样子。 He put on airs . 他摆架子。 93 . An old ca r problem may arise . 可能又引起历来已久的汽车问题。 An old ca rs problem may ar ise . 可能引起旧车( 处理) 的问题。 94 . She laid a cloth on the table . 她把一条餐巾铺在桌上。 She laid a piece of cloth on the table . 她把一块布放在桌上。 95 . He wrote an ar ticle on labour condition . 他写了一篇关于劳动条件的文章。(名词作定语) He wrote an ar ticle on the condition of labour . 他写了一篇关于劳动力状况的文章。 96 . We were touched by he r confidence . 她的信任使我们很受感动。 We were touched by he r confidences . 她吐露出来的秘密使我们很受感动。 97 . She has an eye for antique furnitur e . 她很会鉴赏古代家具。 She has eyes only for antique furniture . 她只想看看古代家具。 98 . It is his manne r that annoys me . 他的举止态度使我很不舒服。 It is his manne rs that annoy me . 他的礼貌使我很不舒服。 99 . This is the problem page of a girl..s magazine . 这是某妇女杂志中使编辑很伤脑筋的一个版面。 This is the problems page of a girl..s magazine . 这是某妇女杂志中为少女解答困难问题的版面。 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 871 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 100 . I live on my younger brother..s allowance . 我靠我作为弟弟所应得的津贴过生活。( I am a younge r brothe r) I live on the allowance of my younger brother . 我靠我弟弟的津贴过生活。( I am an elder brother) 101 . Here comes the stout sailor..s wife . 那个水手的大个子老婆来了。 Here comes the wife of the stout sailor . 胖水手的老婆来了。 102 . The children took a fancy to him . 孩子们喜欢他。( = The children like him . ) The children took his fancy . 他喜欢孩子们。( = He likes the children . ) 103 . I t..s time we made up our minds . 我们早就该作出决定了! I t..s time for us to make up our minds . 我们应该作出决定。 104 . What is he like ? 他这个人怎么样? ( 品质、水平、性格, 回答可能是friendly , noble , polite , wa rm-hear ted) How is he ? 他好吗? ( 或:他现在怎么样? 他身体怎样?) 105 . What was the weather like ? 气候怎么样? ( 常下雨吗? 天气热吗? 海洋性? 大陆性?) (What be . . .like 句型常用来询问一个地区的气候特征、一个地方或一个人的特征。参阅 上文和下文) How was the weather ? 气候怎么样? ( 那地方比起这里的气候怎么样? 你可喜欢?) 106 . What..s the time ? 几点了? How..s the time ? 还有多少时间? 107 . How is business ? 生意怎么样? How is the business ? 店里怎么样? ( 商店) 108 . We wer e in control of the situation . 我们控制了局面。 The situation was under our control . 局面在我们控制之中。 109 . I hope he will behave himself properly in future . 我希望今后他会表现不错。(from now on 从此以后) I hope he will behave himself properly in the future . 我希望将来他会表现不错。 110 . I just came from High St reet . 我刚从街上来。(“I”为本地人) I just came from the High St reet . 我刚从街上来。(“I”为异乡人) 111 . She had to keep house . 她必须料理家务。( do housework) She had to keep the house . 她只好闭门不出。( 生病了) ( stay a t home) 112 . Young Melbourne was ha rd to deal with . 年轻的墨尔本很难对付。 The young Melbourne was hard to deal with . 青年时代的墨尔本很难对付。 113 . You should pay more attention to matters of moment . 你应当更注意重要的事件。(of importance) You should pay more attention to matters of the moment . 你应当更注意当前的事件。(at present ) 114 . He has eaten most apples . 他吃了大部分的苹果。 He has eaten the most apples . 他苹果吃得最多。 115 . He made a study of the custom of most civilised nations . 他研究了大部分文明国家的风俗 习惯。 He made a study of the custom of the most civilised nations . 他研究了文化最发达国家的 风俗习惯。 116 . What kind( sor t ) of car is it ? 什么牌子的车子? What kind ( sor t ) of a ca r is it ? 怎么样的车子? ( 质量好吗?) 117 . What chance has he missed ? 他错过了什么机会? ( 疑问句) What a chance he has missed ! 多么难得的机会, 他竟错过! ( 感叹句) 118 . Now I know what novel he has writ ten . 现在我知道他写的是什么小说。( 何种题材) Now I know what a novel he has writ ten . 现在我知道他写了一部了不起的小说。( 感叹) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 872 附 录 119 . I had no idea what difficult position he was in . 我当时不知道他处在什么样的一种困境中。 I had no idea what a difficult position he was in . 我当时不知道他处境何等困难。(感叹) 120 . What kind of workman is he ? 他是干什么活的工人? ( 泥瓦匠) What kind of a workman is he ? 他干活怎么样? ( 是否踏实?) 121 . What kind of doctor is he ? 他是什么博士? ( 医学博士, 文学博士.. ) What kind of a doctor is he ? 他医术怎么样? 122 . What kind of holiday did you have ? 你是怎么度假的? ( 旅行, 参加夏令营.. ) What kind of a holiday did you have ? 你假期过得愉快吗? 123 . She bought a red and green dr es s . 她买了一套有红、绿两色的女服。(一套) She bought a red and a green dr es s . 她买了一套红的和一套绿的女服。( 二套) 124 . The ship was badly armed . 这艘船武器装备得不合理。( not proper ly) The ship was ill armed . 这艘船的武器配备不够。( insufficient ) 125 . He talks very different now from what he did when I first knew him . 他现在谈话中所流露 的观点跟以往我刚认识他的时候很不一样。 He talks very differently now from what he did when I first knew him . 他现在的谈吐跟我 刚认识他的时候很不相同。 126 . He works hard . 他辛勤地工作。 He ha rdly works . 他几乎不工作。 127 . I don..t mind harder work . 我不在乎更困难(繁重)的工作。 I don..t mind more hard work . 我不在乎更多的困难( 繁重) 的工作。 128 . His high-rated property is the talk of the town . 他那份税率很高的房产成为当地人们的话题。 His highly rated property is the talk of the town . 他那份备受称赞的房产成为当地人们的话题。 129 . He thinks much of you . 他对你评价很高。( pr aise highly) He thinks well of you . 他对你印象很好。( have a good impres sion) 130 . Always nervous , the man opened the letters . 这个人本来就神经质, 这时候紧张地把信拆开。 Always nervously , the man opened the lette rs . 这个人拆信件时候总是很紧张, 这时拆开信 件也不例外。 131 . He wasn..t a write r originally . 他原先不是一个作家。 He wasn..t an original writer . 他不是一个有创见的作家。 132 . I t is plain silly to put forward s uch a proposal . 提出这么一个建议真是百分之百的糊涂。 (out and out ) It is plainly silly to put forward such a proposal . 提出这么一个建议, 显然很糊涂。( evidently) 133 . We must take account of his potent influence . 我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。 We must take account of his potential influence . 我们必须考虑他的潜在影响。 134 . This is pure wate r . 这是纯净的水。 This is purely wate r . 这只不过是水。( me rely) 135 . She is the worse of the two . 她比另一个人差。 She is the worst of the two . 两个人当中, 她差多了。 136 . He turned thief . 他堕落成为小偷。 He turned out ( to be ) a thief . 原来他是个小偷。 137 . Ammunition had to be saved for an actual at tack . 必须把军火节省下来, 以备真正发动进 攻时用。 Ammunition had to be saved up for an actual attack . 必须把军火储备起来, 以备真正发动 进攻时用。( stor e up) 138 . I stood in for him . 我暂时替他一下。( replace ) I stood up for him . 我拥护他。( suppor t ) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 873 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 139 . Don..t take s uch a fuss about them . 别为他们大惊小怪。 Don..t make such a fuss of them . 不要过于惯着他们。( 别太吹捧他们) 140 . I read about the accident in the newspaper . 我在报纸上细读了这个事故的经过。( pe ruse ) I read of the accident in the newspape r . 我从报纸上知道了这个事故。( learn of) 141 . He thought about the problem . 他考虑这个问题。 He thought of the problem . 他想到这个问题。 142 . He doesn..t think much about that proposal . 他并没有怎么考虑这个建议。 He doesn..t think much of that proposal . 他对这个建议评价不高。 143 . The policeman ran after him . 警察在后面追他。( pur sue) The policeman ran behind him . 警察在他后面跑。 144 . There we re constant conflicts among employe rs, worke rs and t rade union officials . 雇主内 部、工人内部、工会职员内部都经常发生摩擦。 There we re constant conflicts between employers , worker s and t rade union officials . 雇主、 工人和工会职员三方面经常发生摩擦。 145 . I swear at him . 我诅咒他。 I swear by him . 我非常相信他。 146 . He is sitting at his desk . 他正伏案书写。 He is sitting in his desk . 他正坐在连桌面的椅子上。 147 . He made an at tempt at the speed record . 他试图创造新的速度纪录。 He made an at tempt on the speed record . 他试图打破原有的速度纪录。 148 . He worked a t a table . 他伏案工作。 He worked on a table . 他做一张桌子。 149 . He pointed at something over there . 他用手指着那边某件东西。 He pointed to something over the re . 他指着那边某件东西。( 来解释说明某一问题) 150 . We all rejoice at your good for tune . 我们大家都为你的好运气而感到喜悦。 We all rejoice with you in your good for tune . 我们大家和你一样为你的好运气感到高兴。 151 . We shall not be home by six . 到六点钟, 我们还不能到家。 We shall not be home till six . 我们要到六点钟才能到家。 152 . The a rgument was coloured by pr ejudice . 论点受偏见的影响。 The a rgument was coloured with wit . 论点中含有机智。 153 . We camped ther e for the summer . 整个夏天我们在那里宿营。 We camped ther e in the summer . 夏天我们在那里宿营。( 可能只是一段时间) 154 . He was jealous for his friend..s reputation . 他深怕他朋友的名誉受损害。 He was jealous of his friend..s reputation . 他妒忌他朋友的名誉。 155 . He has been away for the last month . 过去这一个月中他都不在家。( 刚过去的30 天) He has been away since last month . 他从上个月起就不在家。 156 . He stood up for them . 他拥护(支持)他们。 He stood up to them . 他反抗他们。( oppose) 157 . Let me stand in for you . 让我暂时替你一下。 Let me stand in with you . 让我也分摊一份。( share ) 158 . His friend reproached him for having disclosed the sec ret . 他的朋友因为他泄露秘密责怪 他。( 泄密是事实) His friend reproached him with having disclosed the secret . 他的朋友责怪他泄露秘密。 (泄露只是一种假定) 159 . Cloth is made from cot ton . 布是由棉花加工成的。 Cloth is made of cot ton . 布是用棉纱( 线) 织成的。( cotton 指棉纱线) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 874 附 录 160 . He said he wasn..t informed in these matters . 他说他对这一方面的事不很熟悉。(unfamiliar) He said he wasn..t informed of this mat ter . 他说没人告诉过他这件事。(No one told him) 161 . The walls are in stone . 墙壁是石料砌成的。(外观) The walls are of stone . 墙壁是石料砌成的。( 强度, 耐久) 162 . He was confined in his room . 他被关闭在房中。( shut in) He was confined to his room . 他整日守在房中不出来。 163 . He has gone into busines s . 他经商去了。 He has gone to busines s . 他上班去了。 164 . They shut the door on( upon) visitors . 他们关住门不让参观的人进来。 They shut the door to visitors . 他们不欢迎外界参观。 165 . He is good to children . 他对儿童很和蔼。( be kind ) He is good with childr en . 他管孩子很有办法。(be good at ) 166 . He is familiar to me . 我对( 同) 他很熟。 He is familiar with me . 他对我很随便。 167 . I had a good talk to him yesterday . 我昨天说了他一顿。 I had a good talk with him yesterday . 我昨天和他交谈了很久。 168 . They we re playing football . 他们在比赛足球。 They we re playing at football . 他们在踢足球玩。 169 . He was shot on his way home . 他在回家的路上被枪杀了。 He was shot at on his way home . 在回家的路上, 有人向他开枪。 170 . I will work it . 我要想办法安排。( handle ) I will work at it . 我要努力做这件事。( t ry to do) 171 . Is John at home ? 约翰在家吗? Is John home yet ? 约翰回来了吗? ( back yet ) 172 . He inqui red the reason . 他查问理由。( ask about ) He inqui red into the reason . 他仔细调查原因。( investigate) 173 . Please arrange another table . 请另外摆一张桌子。 Please arrange for another table . 请叫他们再摆一张桌子。 174 . They all fear him . 他们都怕他。 They all fear for him . 他们都为他焦急。( be anxious) 175 . They ar e sea rching the thief . 他们正在搜查小偷。( 搜身) They ar e sea rching for the thief . 他们正在搜捕小偷。( 小偷在逃) 176 . He escaped prison . 他没进监狱。 He escaped from prison . 他越狱跑了。 177 . He quotes Shakespear e . 他引用莎士比亚的话。( his words ) He quotes from Shakespeare . 他引用莎士比亚的著作。( his works ) 178 . He believes the pr ess . 他相信报刊上的报导。 He believes in the pres s . 新闻自由是他的信念。 179 . I happened to be visiting Manchester at the time of the Exhibition . 展览会期间我刚好在曼 彻斯特游览( 参观)。 I happened to be visiting in Manchester at the time of the Exhibition . 展览会期间, 我刚好 在曼彻斯特探亲( 访友) 。 180 . The society boasts great names among its membership . 这个协会的会员中有许多有名人 物。 The society boasts of great names among its membership . 这个协会夸口说它的会员中有 许多是有名人物。 181 . She swept out the room . 她打扫好了房间。( clean) She swept out of the room . 她很神气地走出房间。( stalk) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 875 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 182 . We are checking their movements . 我们正在阻挡他们前进。 We are checking on their movements . 我们正在核实他们的动态。 183 . Standing ther e, she can easily spy the man in the crowd . 站在那里, 她很容易在人群中发 现那个人。 Standing ther e, she can easily spy on the man in the c rowd . 站在那里, 她很容易在人群中 监视那个人。 184 . No , I won..t tell him . 不, 我不会告诉他。 No , I won..t tell on him . 不, 我不会告发他。( = report on) 185 . He attended a lecture . 他参加听演讲。 He attended to his lecture . 他对演讲做好布臵。( make pr epar ations for) 186 . Dr . Smith at tended this patient . 史密斯医生负责治疗这个病人。 Dr . Smith at tended to this patient . 史密斯医生看了这个病人的病。 187 . I t is not like him to r epor t Mr . Brown . 他不像是会去告发布朗先生的那种人。 I t is not like him to r epor t to Mr . Brown . 他不像是肯向布朗先生报告的人。 188 . You had bet ter see the pe rformance . 你最好看一看演出。 You had bet ter see to the pe rformance . 你最好注意一下演出的事。 189 . Show him the door . 请他出去。( 逐客令) Show him to the door . 陪他到门口。 190 . I don..t like this job , but I suppose I shall have to stick it . 我不喜欢这个工作, 不过我想我 只好忍耐。( endure ) I don..t like this job , but I suppose I shall have to stick to it . 我不喜欢这个工作, 不过我想 我只好干下去, 不要更变。 191 . This ar ticle cannot be improved . 这文章没办法再改了。 This ar ticle cannot be improved upon . 不可能有比这更好的文章。 192 . The poor quality of his work has been remarked . 他工作质量之差已为人所觉察。( noticed) The poor quality of his work has been remarked upon . 他工作质量之差受到议论。 193 . I am going to consult Dr . Johnson . 我打算请教约翰逊医生。( 请他看病) I am going to consult with Dr . Johnson . 我打算和约翰逊医生商量。 194 . Have you finished the paper ? 你写(看) 完 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 了吗? Have you finished with the paper ? 这论文( 报纸) 你不再需要了吗? (Do you still need it ?) 195 . The Conservatives joined the Liber als in suppor ting the bill . 保守党跟在自由党后面支持 这项法案。 The Conservatives joined with the Liberals in suppor ting the bill . 保守党和自由党联合起 来支持这项法案。 196 . They lodged the Johnsons . 他们把房间租给约翰逊一家。( let rooms to) They lodged with the Johnsons . 他们向约翰逊家租了房间。( live togethe r) 197 . Our scheme met with an objection . 我们的计划碰到了反对意见。 Our scheme met his objection . 我们的 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 消除了他的反对意见。 198 . She writes just like her brother did when he was young . 她的书法就像她哥哥小时候的一 样。( handwriting) She writes just as he r brothe r did when he was young . 她写字的样子, 就像她哥哥小时候 一样。( manner) 199 . I never go to see him unless he is ill . 除非他病了, 要不然, 我从不去看他。 I never go to see him but he is ill . 每次看他, 他总是病了。(Every time I . . .he . . .) 200 . I doubt if there is a better gardener . 我怀疑还会有哪个花匠比他更好。(意思是没有) I doubt whethe r there is a better ga rdener . 我没把握有没有比他更好的花匠。 / 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 新/ 世 876 附 录 201 . There we re very few pas sengers tha t escaped without ser ious injury . 没有几个旅客不受重 伤而脱险的。( 大都受了重伤) There we re very few pas sengers , who escaped without serious injury . 旅客很少, 他们没有 受什么重伤就脱险了。 202 . I..d like to see if I can find it . 我要看看能不能找到它。 I..d like to see if I cannot find it . 我倒要看看是不是就会找不到它。( 不相信找不到) 203 . Didn..t I tell you you weren..t to play near the pond ? 我不是告诉过你别在池塘边玩耍吗? Did I not tell you you we ren..t to play nea r the pond ? ( 这么说, )我没有告诉过你别在池 塘边玩耍吗? 204 . This book was specially written for foreign students . 这本书是专门为外国学生写的。( for them only) This book was especially useful to foreign students . 这本书对于外国学生特别有用。(particularly , ext remely) 205 . With all his examinations passed, he could enjoy a carefree holiday . 现在各门考试全部合格,他 可以痛快过一个假日了。(过去分词) With all his examinations past , he could enjoy a ca re-free holiday . 现在各科全已考过,他可 以痛快过一个假日了。(形容词) 206 . They ar e plain people . 他们是很普通的人。 They ar e plains people . 他们是平原居民。 207 . That piece of paper he found on the floor was a return ticket . 他在地板上捡到的那张纸是 一张来回车票。 That piece of paper he found on the floor was a returned ticket . 他在地板上捡到的那张纸 是一张退回来的车票。 208 . How much money have you left ? 你留下多少钱? ( to you wife ) How much money have you got lef t ? 你剩下多少钱? (够不够买车票?) 209 . He was left with only his daughter to car e for him . 只剩下他女儿来照顾他。 He was left with only his daughter to car e for . 只剩下他女儿靠他照顾。 210 . The book will sell well ; It is bound . 这本书会很畅销, 它是装订的。 The book will sell well ; It is bound to . 这本书会很畅销, 肯定是这样。 211 . You go if you want to . I don..t car e . 你要去就去吧。我不在乎。(mind ) You go if you want to . I don..t car e to . 你要去就去吧, 我不想去。( go) 212 . I heard everything he told me . 他对我说的每一句话, 我都听到了。 I heard everything he told me to . 他要我听的每一句话, 我全听到了。 213 . Come , now . Don..t waste time . 来吧, 别浪费时间。( now 是语气词) Come now . Don..t waste time . 现在就来, 别浪费时间。 214 . Still , the price is quite reasonable . 尽管这样, 价格还是相当公道的。 Still the pr ice is quite reasonable . 价格仍旧相当公道。 215 . I wouldn..t advise you to go there for his sake . 我不愿意劝你为了他的缘故而去那个地方。 I wouldn..t advise you to go ther e, for his sake . 我不愿意劝你去那个地方, 这是为了他的 缘故。 216 . Ma ry went to the shop only to discover how expensive the dress was . 玛丽到店铺里去, 只 是为了要看看衣服到底有多贵。( 目的) Ma ry went to the shop , only to discover that the dr es s was too expensive . 玛丽到店里去, 却发现衣服太贵了。(结果) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 877 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 217 . He won..t think he has any r eason to thank you for all that you..ve done . 他觉得不必要为 你所做的事向你致谢。( thank sb . for sth . 结构) He won..t think he has any r eason to thank you , for all that you..ve done . 尽管你做了那么 多, 他不会感谢你的。( although) 218 . We did not come ea rly because we thought it would be inconvenient to you . 我们不是因为 怕对你不方便, 才来得早。( 是别的原因) We did not come ea rly , because we thought it would be inconvenient to you . 我们没有很早 来, 怕的是对你不方便。 219 . Would you like John or Henry to go with you ? 你要约翰还是亨利跟你一道去吗? Would you like John , or Henry , to go with you ? 你喜欢约翰和你一道去呢? 还是亨利和 你一道去? 220 . The facts the prisoner admitted pointed to him as the guilty person but he protested he was innocent . 在押被告供认的事实说明他是罪犯, 可是他申辩说自己无罪。(定语从句) The facts , the prisoner admitted , pointed to him as the guilty person but he protested he was innocent . 在押被告承认, 事实经过会使人以为他是罪犯, 可是他申辩说实际上他是无 辜的。( 插入语) 221 . What is your brother ? 你弟弟是干什么的? (职业、身份;回答可以是a worker , a manager) What does your brother look like ? 他弟弟是个什么样子的人? ( 长相、外表;回答可以是 tall, thin , young , dark-haired , handsome ) How does your brother look ? 你弟弟现在的情况怎样? ( 目前情况如何; 回答可以是busy all day long , aged considerably after his wife..s death , deep in debt ) 222 . She is a lady of virtue . 她是个贤德的女人。( of virtue 作后臵定语, 相当于形容词virtuous, 如a man of courage = a courageous man , a child of fortune = a fortunate child( 幸运儿) , a man of few words(寡言之人) ) He is a cow of a middle- aged man . 他是一位体大如牛的中年男子。 (of 后的词作同位语, 如that idiot of a Tom 那个傻瓜汤姆) 223 . She has never recove red his loss . 失去了他, 她一直没有恢复过来。(动宾关系, his loss = she loses him) He has neve r recovered his los s . 他一直没有从自己的损失中恢复过来。( 主谓关系, his los s = he loses something ) 224 . He did it that he might get more money . 他这样做为的是得到更多的钱。( it 为具体事物, that 引导目的状语从句) He took it that he might get mor e money . 他认为他可能得到更多的钱。( it 为形式宾语, 真正的宾语为that 从句;在have , resent , dislike , leave 等后有that 从句作宾语从句中, 常 用it 作形式宾语, 如resent it that . . ., dislike it that . . .) 225 . I found her a good gir l . 我发现她是一个好女孩。( a good girl 为宾语补足语, 相当于to be a good girl ) I found her a good boy . 我给她找了个好男孩。( a good boy 为直接宾语, 相当于found a good boy for her) 226 . He left the town disappointed . 他失望地离开了那个小城。(disappointed 为主语补足语, 修饰He, 说明状态, 可移至句首) the He lef t the city unguarded . 他让那个小城不设防。(unguarded 为宾语补足语, 说明city 的 状态, left 意为“让处于某种状态”, 如leave sth . undone, leave the questions unanswered) 227 . He r an the shop single-handed . (说明主语, 表示方法, 作状语) He caught the thief red-handed . ( 说明宾语, 作宾语补足语) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 878 附 录 228 . She is calculating . Please don..t disturb her . 她在算账, 不要打扰她。( 分词, 进行时态) She is calculating whereas her husband is broad-minded . 她工于心计, 而她丈夫则宽宏大量。 (形容词作表语, 如He is lacking in ability . ) 229 . She promised me to at tend the meeting . (不定式的执行者是She , me 可省略, 相当于She promised to attend the meeting 或She promised me that she would at tend the meeting . ) She permit ted me to at tend the meeting . (不定式的执行者是me , me 不可省, 相当于She pe rmitted my at tending the meeting . ) 230 . She caught the students cheating at exams . (分词, 作宾语补足语, 说明the students 当时的动 作状态) She hated the students cheating at exams . (动名词, the students 作cheating 的逻辑主语, 相当 于the students..cheating at exams, 一起作hated 的宾语; like , hate, prefer , dislike, resent , don..t mind , can..t stand 等后的- ing 形式的词均为动名词, 如resent people smoking in the room, dislike John doing it in that way) 231 . They made the fir e last during the night . (made 为使役动词, 相当于let , 不定式last 前没有 to , 作宾语补足语) They made the fir e to keep off wild animals dur ing the night . ( made 相当于built , 意为“升 火”, 不定式to keep off 作目的状语) 232 . She was the only woman to witnes s the accident . ( the only woman 同to witness 有主谓关 系, 相当于. . .the only woman who witnessed the accident ) She was the only woman to trust in the company . ( the only woman 同to t rust 有动宾关系, 相 当于. . .the only woman whom we t rusted in the company) 233 . The girl loved him so as to marry him . 这个女孩如此爱他以至于与他结了婚。( 本句中的 so as to 不可看作一个整体, 而是分别起作用, so 作副词, 意为“如此地、非常地”, 也可视为 后面省略了much 或deeply , 相当于so much 或so deeply; as to 引起结果状语; 这句话可改 为. . .so deeply that she ma rried him 或. . .deeply so that she ma rried him) The girl ma rried him so as to comfor t him . ( so as to 为一统一体, 相当于in order to , 引起 目的状语, 相当于The girl ma rried him in order to comfor t him .) 234 . What do you call that in Chinese ? 在汉语中你把那个称作什么? ( what 为疑问代词, 作宾 语补足语, 说明that ) How do you say tha t in Chinese ? 那个在汉语中怎样说? (how 为疑问副词, 修饰say , 作 方 式状语) 235 . She did it so as to win honours for the count ry . ( 引导目的状语) The moon was bright , so as to enable them to find a way through the forest . (引导结果状语) 236 . The girl wept to receive the letter . (不定式为原因状语, 其动作先于谓语动词, 相当于When the gir l r eceived the lette r , s he wept . ) The girl wept to obtain our sympathy . (不定式为目的状语, 其动作后于谓语动词, 相当于 . . .in order to obtain our sympathy) The girl wept to become all tears . (不定式为结果状语, 相当于. . .and then became all tears 哭成个泪人儿) 237 . The tower is low for us to climb . 塔不高, 我们爬得上去。( 相当于low enough for us to climb . 或so low tha t we can climb , 表示肯定含义) The tower is high for us to climb . 塔太高, 我们爬不上去。(相当于too high for us to climb 或so high that we can..t climb , 表示否定含义) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 879 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 238 . He is not too proud of himself to accept other..s suggestions . ( not 否定整个too . . .to 结 构, 意为“并不太..所以能”, 表示肯定意义, 相当于He is not very proud and he can accept other..s s uggestions . ) He is too ambitious not to take the chance . ( not 否定不定式to take the chance , 便取消了 否定的含义, 表示肯定, 意为“太..不会不”, 相当于He is so ambitious tha t he won..t miss the chance . ) 239 . To my mind , a forced kindness deserves no thanks . ( to my mind 相当于in my opinion or view , 意为“照..看来或想”, 其他如to one..s belief 自信, to one..s knowledge 据..所 知, to one..s way of thinking 在..看来) To our r egr et , the downpour spoilt our t rip . ( to our regret 意为“使我遗憾的是”; to 同表 示情感的名词连用, 表示“结果、效果”, 意为“使、致使”, 如to one..s great joy( 使..高兴 的是) , much to one..s surprise( 使..大为吃惊的是) 240 . She st ruck me as an honest gir l . 她给我的印象是一个诚实的女孩。( st rike . . .as 意为“使 感到, 给印象”, an honest girl 同she 为同一人, 作主语补足语) She mocked me as a count ry boy . 她嘲笑我是一个农村孩子。( as 短语作宾语补足语, 与 me 为同一人, 结构同regard . . .as, remembe r . . .as 相同) 241 . She t reated him kindly as her best fr iend . 她友好地把他当作自己最好的朋友看待。( as 短 语为宾语补足语) She t reated him kindly as his best friend . 作为他的最好朋友, 她友好地对待他。( as 短语 为主语补足语) 242 . She rega rded him with inte rest . 她饶有兴趣地看着他。(with interest 表示方式、情绪, 作状 语, 相当于interestedly , 其他如with great zeal , with all my heart , with calmness , with delight , with enthusiasm) She t ried to r each the branch with some red apples . 她试图得到那个结满了红苹果的树枝。 (with some red apples 作后臵定语。) She served us with fruits . 她用水果招待我们。(这类with 短语大都表示物质、材料等, 如 supply . . .with r ice , present . . .with books ) 243 . She has nothing to write . 她没有东西写。( 指写的内容) She has nothing to write with . 她没有东西写。(指写的工具) 244 . I don..t know whether she has read the book or not . ( 本句型中or not 可省, 也可提前, 说 成I don..t know whether or not she . . .) I don..t know whether she hasn..t r ead the book . (本句型为双重否定, 而实际表示的是不 太肯定的主观看法或猜测, 意为“我看..大概, 我想..也许”; 本句可译为“我想她也许 读过这本书”) 245 . He went the re to see if eve rything was ready for the journey . ( 本句意为“他去那里看看旅 行是否都做好了准备”, if 可换为whether) He went the re to see that everything was ready for the journey . ( 本句意为“他去那里落实 为旅行做好一切准备”。see that 相当于see to it that , 作take care 解, 意为“负责, 保证, 留 神, 注意”) 246 . The suggestion that she has offered is wor th considering . ( that 引导定语从句, 为关系代词, 作 从句谓语动词的宾语, 可省, 也可用which 替代) The suggestion that she will go ther e in his place is wor th considering . ( that 引导同位语从 句, 为the suggestion 的具体内容, tha t 不作语法成分, 只起连接作用, 一般不可省) 247 . I shall neve r forget the day that I spent the re . ( that 为关系代词, 可省, 也可用which 代替) I shall neve r forget the day that I fir st met her . ( that 为关系副词, 可用when 或on which 代替, 修饰met , 也可省) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 880 附 录 248 . The happy days were coming when they won freedom and independence . 他们获得自由和 独立的时候, 幸福的日子就到来了。(when 引导状语从句, 亦可放在句首) The happy days a re coming when they can enjoy themselves to their hear ts..contents . 他们 能够尽情享受的愉快的日子到来了。( when 引导定语从句, 为使句子平衡, 同被修饰的词 the happy days 隔开了。再如:Spring is the morning of the year when everything wakes up . ) 249 . The book is written in such easy English tha t even beginners can read it . ( that 引导程度状 语从句, 只起连接作用) The book is written in such easy English as even beginne rs can r ead . ( as 引导定语从句, 为 关系代词, 作read 的宾语, 修饰English ;注意, 上面第一个例句尾部的it 不可省, 而第二个 例句尾部不可加it。再如: She had such a fright as made her ill . 这句中as 也是引导定语 从句, 作主语, 修饰fright ) 250 . Please let me know if she returns tonight . 如果她今晚返回, 请让我知道。( if 引导条件状 语从句, 亦可放在句首) Please let me know if she will return tonight . 请让我知道她今晚是否返回。( if 引导宾语 从句, 相当于whether , 意为“是否”, 不可放在句首) 251 . After the accident Henry was mad , and so he was . 事故之后亨利疯了, 他确实疯了。( he 与Henry 为同一人) After the accident Henry was mad , and so was he . 事故之后亨利疯了, 他也疯了。( he 与 Henry 不是同一人; 再如People said Joe succeeded ; so he did , and so did she . 人们说乔成 功了, 是的, 他是成功了, 她也成功了。) 252 . The fine weather added to our pleasure . (增加, 添加) This s um of money adds up to 1 , 000 dolla rs . ( 总计达, 加起来等于) 253 . Nothing could stop the advance of the army . (主谓关系:军队前进) He has contributed much to the advancement of science . ( 动宾关系: 发展科学) 254 . The president gave advance notice of the meeting . ( 指时间、距离方面“先期的, 在前的”, 只作定语) She read widely among the most advanced thinke rs of her age . (先进的, 高深的) He..s advanced in yea rs . ( live to an advanced age , 年老的) 255 . He wrote about his adventures in the African forest . ( 褒义词, 指非常激动人心的经历) A profitable venture made her for tune . ( 商业上的冒险, 投机活动) He ventured a proposal . (动词: 冒昧, 敢于) 256 . She gave me 200 dollar s in all . ( 总共, 共计) He was all in afte r a whole day..s work . ( 疲倦的, 相当于exhausted , very ti red) 257 . Our eyes can accommodate themselves to seeing objects at different distances . ( 适应某种 工作、环境, 相当于suit to) He of ten accommodates his friends with money . ( provide with) 258 . That..s one t rue act of friendship . (简单、具体、短暂的行为) They we re r eady for any action to defend the count ry . ( 总称, 指长时间才可完成的一系列 动作) 259 . She acted as chairman in my absence . ( 充当, 起..的作用, 扮演, 相当于se rve as, 接表示 职务、身份的名词) He is tempor arily acting for me in that post . (“代理”, 相当于do the work for another , 接 人名或代词) 260 . The ring cost all of 100 dollars . ( 副词,“足足, 至少”) She chose him, of all others , because of his ability and honesty . (“在所有..中偏偏”, 后 接复数可数名词) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 881 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 261 . He worked a round the clock . ( = round the clock , the clock round , the clock-around . 作状 语,“连续一整天、一昼夜”) The a round- the- clock work made him very tired . ( = round- the- clock , 定语,“连续一整天、 一昼夜”) 262 . As a result , he suffered a lot in those days . ( 状语, 用逗号同其他成分隔开,“因此、结果”) She succeeded as a r esult of pe rsistent efforts . ( 状语, 后接名词,“由于..的结果, 作为 ..的结果”) 263 . We should consider the problem as a whole . (作为一个整体看待) The pape r is well-writ ten on the whole . (总的看来, 大体上) 264 . The discussion came to an end at 11 o..clock . (“结束”, 常同come, draw, bring 连用) He will fight to the end . (“到底、至死”, 强调极点、程度, 常同ca rry , fight 连用) 265 . He sold the goods to me at cost . (照原价, 按成本) He unde rstood it to his cost . ( 吃了苦头之后才.. , 付出了代价才.. ) 266 . He can..t feel at ease with headache . (“舒适地、舒适的, 无约束的、无拘束地”, 亦可作at one..s ease ) He can lift the stone with ease . ( = easily) 267 . She always keeps a dictiona ry at hand . ( 在手边, 在附近) The summer holiday is at hand . ( 迫近) He has a lot of money in hand . ( 手头拥有钱或物) They have the situa tion well in hand . ( 在控制或进行中) 268 . It snowed at intervals this week . (“不时地”, 相当于now and then;亦可说at long intervals , at shor t inte rvals ) She went downtown at intervals of ten days . (“间隔..”, 相当于every;亦可说at an interval of) 269 . She felt at peace at last . (表语, 强调状态, in a state of fr eedom or quietness ) He went on his work in peace . (状语, 相当于quietly) 270 . They came by sea . (交通方式) She met him at sea . (在航海期间, 在海上) The city is on the sea . ( 在海岸上, 在海边) 271 . The murderer was shot at sight . ( 一见到..立即, 亦可用on, as soon as sth . or sb . is seen) There is no man in sight . ( 能被看到, 在..视力范围内: able to be seen) They came in sight of the town at last . ( able to see, 主语必须是人) He is to be punished in the sight of law . (“在..看来, 在..眼里”, 常同人名或law、 God 等连用) 272 . It is dangerous to corner at speed .高速转弯很危险。“( 高速地、全力地”,speed 前可加full, top 等) He was walking forward with great speed . (“很快地、急速地”,相当于swiftly, quickly) 273 . At the spot where he died , people erected a monument . (在..的地点或场所) The spy was arrested on the spot . (当场, 立即) 274 . She went in and out of the secret hole at will . “( 随意,任意”,相当于as one wishes) He does the work with a will .“( 热情地,起劲地”,相当于with great enthusiasm) 275 . He is at work upon a paper .“( 从事,忙于”,后接upon 或on;亦可作“在工作”解,相当于operating 或working , 如the man at work , the machine a t work) The company has a rail road on work now . 这家公司目前在修一条铁路。(“在完成中”, 相 当于in process of being done; 亦可表示“在业”, 相当于having employment ) 276 . The boy can count backwards from twenty to one . 这个男孩能够从二十倒数到一。(“向 后地, 后退的”, 用作副词; backward 亦可作副词, 与backwa rds 同义) He is never backward in speaking out his mind . (用作形容词,“畏缩的, 落后的, 弱智的”) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 882 附 录 277 . The new shoes become her . (“同..相称”, 相当于suit ) What will become of the children now that thei r parents ar e dead ? (“发生..情况”, 相 当于happen to , 常有“不妙”的含义) 278 . I t looks as though it will snow before long . (“不久”, 相当于soon , 其中的long 作名词) I heard of her name long before . (“很久以前”, 作副词) The building was burnt down long before he came back . (“早在..之前”, 作连词) 279 . The lamp belongs on that table . (“适合放在某处, 适合待在某处”) This item of expenditure belongs under the head of office expenses . 这笔支出该归在办公 费项下。(“应归在..下”) In the scientific field , the name of Einstein belongs with that of Newton . 在科技领域中, 爱因斯坦同牛顿齐名。(“跟..有同样适当的地位”, 相当于have a proper or suitable place with) 280 . She was a born musician . 她是一位天生的音乐家。(“天生的”, 还可用于be born 结构, 表 示“出身, 出生”, 后跟in , at , on 等) His pe rsistent efforts have borne rich fruit . 他坚持不懈的努力已经结出了硕果。(“结出, 产生”; 还可作“生育”解, 相当于give bi rth to , 如She has borne two children。) 281 . She accused him of having broken his word . (“失言, 食言, 毁约”。word 为单数) I t is hard for the conceited man to eat his words . 要那个自负的人认错是很难的。(“收回 自己说的话, 承认错误”, words 用复数) 282 . The light bulb in the room burned out and he put in a new one . (“烧坏”, 指设备、灯泡等) He put some wood on the fi re and it burned up with a c rackle . (“烧旺”;但作“烧光、烧尽” 解时, 二者可换用, 如burn up old let ters 或burn out old let ters ) 283 . By and by the rest of my family came on board . (“不久, 不久以后”, 相当于soon , before long) By the by( bye) , have you eve r heard of the name ? (“顺便问一下”, 作插入语) 284 . Mr . Young , by cont rast , was much more out-s poken . (“对比起来, 相比之下”, 用作状 语, 如stand by cont rast with each other 形成对比) In cont rast to( with) his brother , he was always considerate in his tr eatment of others . (“和..对比, 与..相反”, 用作状语或表语) His white hair was in sha rp contr ast to ( with) his dark skin . 285 . I prefer to t ravel by day rather than by night . (“在白天”, 相当于during the day) The employees wer e paid by the day , rather than by the hour . (“按天计酬”, 也可以说 by the month 按月, by the yea r 按年) 286 . The dragged her off by force . (“用武力, 强行”, 用作状语) People went to see the fireworks in force . (“大批地, 大量地”, 指人, 可用作表语或状语) The t rea ty shall r emain in force for a period of five yea rs . (“有效的”, 用作表语或定语) 287 . His manners ar e rough , but he is a kind man at hea r t . (“在本质上, 在内心深处”, 相当于 in reality , in one..s inmost feeling;亦可表示“关心, 想到”, 如have another..s interests at hear t) They ar e asked to learn the rules by hear t . (“靠记忆”, 常同lea rn , know, get 等连用) 288 . Some people are quick- tempered by nature .“( 天生地”,如generous by nature, cruel by nature) I t is a change in natur e . 这是性质上的变化。(“性质上的”, 作后臵定语;亦可表示“在世 界 上, 在任何地方”, 如the pret tiest gir l in nature (世界上最漂亮的姑娘;还可表示“究竟, 完 全”, 相当于on ea rth , 用以加强语气, 如Wha t in natur e does she want ?) Her r equest was in the natur e of a command . 她的请求简直像命令。(“属..的性质, 类 似”, 作后臵定语或表语, 如be in the natur e of a dog to be faithful to its master ) I t is not in his na ture to be jealous of other people..s good fortune . (“是..的本性”) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 883 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 289 . She..s on the way to success . (“接近, 正在走向”, 如on the way to become a skilled worker) Chr istmas is on the way . (“即将来到”, 亦可表示“即将送到, 在..的路上, 如on the way home) In a way I agree with your estimate of the situation . (“在某种程度上, 有几分”) 290 . There we re ten of them in the boat and they rowed by turns . (“轮流地, 交替地”, 相当于 alte rnately ;亦可表示“一阵..一阵.. , 一时..一时..”, 如feel cheerful and sad by turns , go hot and cold by turns) We went in turn to be examined by the doctor . (“依次地”, 相当于one af ter another , in prope r order ) Jim stayed with Mary till midnight , comforting her and being comfor ted in turn . (“转而, 反过来, 又对..做同样的事”) 291 . She is cleve r with he r hands . (“善于使用”, 后接工具、器械或人体器官, 如hand 等) He..s cleve r at painting . (“擅长于..”, 后接名词或动名词) 292 . The book is a comprehensive study of the American history . (“全面的, 综合的”) What he said is not comprehensible to ordina ry minds . (“可以理解的, 好懂的”) 293 . Her work is concerned with the prepa ration of the document . (“与..有关, 有牵连”, 相 当于have something to do with , involved in) She felt very concerned for ( about , over) his safety . (对..关心, 担忧, 相当worried about) 294 . The wing of a bird corres ponds to the arm of a man . 鸟的翅膀相当于人的手臂。(“相当 于, 等于”, 意为be equivalent to , be similar to) I corresponded with him about his busines s . (“与..有通信往来”) The job corresponds with ( to) his inter ests . (“相符, 一致”, 这种用法可用with 或to) 295 . The gener al has many deadly enemies . (“不共戴天的, 令人受不了的”, 如the deadly smell 令人难闻的气味, 不可用deathly) The man is deathly ill . (“非常, 极”, 用作副词, 可同deadly 换用, 如deathly or deadly dull;亦可 表示“致命的, 死一般的”, 可用deadly 换用, 如dea thly or deadly pale , deathly or deadly disease) 296 . Tom..s mistake cost him dea r . 汤姆的错误使他付出了很大代价。( 作副词,“昂贵地, 付、花 很高代价”, 常同sell , pay , cost , buy 连用, 如buy cheap and sell dea r 贱买贵卖, pay dear for , sell the goods very dea r) She dea rly loves to go back to her hometown . (作副词,“非常, 深深地”, 如love sb . dea rly 深深地爱着某人; 亦可表示“付出很大代价, 相当于a t great cost , 这种意义上可同dear 换 用, 如pay dea rly or dear for one..s mistakes, be bought dear ly or be bought dear) 297 . He is quite decided about it . (“坚决的, 果断的”, 指人, 作表语或定语, 如a decided man , in a decided manner , be decided in one..s answer ;亦可表示“肯定的, 明确的”, 指物, 如a decided answer 一个确定无疑的答复, a decided difference between the two 两者之间的明显差别) This is the decisive factor to his succes s . 这是他成功的决定性因素。(“决定性的”, 指物, 如a decisive bat tle , a decisive change , a decisive move ;亦可表示“果断的”, 指人, 这种 意义 上可同decided 换用, 如a decisive person , give a decisive answer ) 298 . I t is a delightful evening . (“令人高兴的, 怡人的”, 作定语或表语, 主语是物, 如a delightful chat , The music is delightful to me . ) Fathe r is delighted with my paper . (“对..感到高兴”, 一般作表语, 主语是人, 后可接介 词、不定式或that 从句, 如delighted at the news , delighted with s b . , delighted to receive one..s let ter , be delighted that one is succes sful ) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 884 附 录 299 . Wisdom differ s from cunning . (“与..不同”, 这种意义上不可用with , 如differ sharply from, differ gr eatly from, differ from sb . in many respects) He differs with( from) her on that matter . (“持不同意见, 有分歧”, 这种意义上可同from 换用, 如differ with/ from sb . about over sth . ) 300 . He directed his ene rgies to improving conditions . (“把精力、注意力贯注于, 把目标、方向 指 给”, 这种意义上不可用at , 如direct sb . to the station( 为..指点去车站的路) , direct one..s attention to sth . ) This warning is directed at ( to) him . (“话、文章等针对, 把枪、炮等对准”, 这种意义上可 同 to 换用, 如di rect the gun at/ to the window, direct one..s rema rks at/ to sb . ) 301 . He was very disappointed at ( about ) losing the race . (后接事物名词、动名词短语或what 从句, 但不接指人的名词或代词, 如disappointed at/ about the r esult ) They we re disappointed with( in) the new manager . ( 后接指人的名词或代词;但亦可接事 物名词, 这时可同at 和about 换用, 如disappointed with/ in/ at/ about sb ...s work) 302 . No one can do without sleep for very long . (“不要, 没有..也行”, 相当于get along without , dis pense with , give up , 如do without a holiday , do without luxuries , do without the service of a sec retary) They want to do away with the old regulations . (“废除, 结束”, 相当于put an end to , abolish; 亦可表示“杀掉, 弄死”, 相当于kill , 如do away with the enemy/ oneself) 303 . Those who do good will find peace . (“做好事, 行善”, 可同much , a lot of 连用, 后可接for , 句子的主语一般是人, 如do a lot of good for the people) A day in the count ry will do you good . (“对..有益处”, 相当于benefit sb . , 亦可说do good to sb . , 句子主语一般是物) 304 . She bought an elect ric blanket yesterday . 她昨天买了一条电热毯。(“电动的, 带电的”, 指 由电操作或由电产生的, 如elect ric light , electr ic iron) He is an elect rical engineer . 他是一位电气工程师。(“与电有关的”, 所修饰的名词本身一 般不带电, 如an elect ric book 一本电学方面的书) 305 . Alber t Einstein emigrated from Germany to the United States . (离开本国移往国外, 与from 和 to 连用) John decided to immigrate into our country next year . (从异地他乡移入, 同to 或into 连用) Some bi rds migrate to the south in winter . 有些鸟冬天飞往南方。(“迁移, 移栖”, 指氏族、 部落的移居或鸟类的迁移) 306 . The bat tle ended in a victory(failur e) (“以..为结果, 告终”) She ended he r own life by killing he rself . ( by 表示方式、手段) 307 . These children are exceedingly well behaved . (“非常、极其”, 相当于ext remely , very much ) The prices at this hotel ar e exces sively high . (“过分地、过度地”, 相当于too) 308 . Othe r exhibits include paintings and photos showing the life of the people . (“展品, 陈列 品”, 亦可指小型展览会) In the af ternoon she went to an exhibition of modern a rt . ( 指大型的“展览会”, 亦可表示 “表演赛、展出”, 如a boxing exhibition 拳击表演赛, hold exhibition ma tches , handicr afts on exhibition 展出手工艺品) 309 . This explana tion is far from satisfactory . (“远远不、完全不”, 有否定意味, 后接形容词、代 词、名词、动名词, 如far from a fool, far from being a failure ) The guns we re fetched from far . (“从远方”, far 为名词) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 885 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 310 . One of my favourite sayings is“Ther e is no smoke without fire”. ( 作形容词, 意为“最喜欢 的”; 亦可作名词, 意为“最喜欢的人或物, 宠儿”, 如be a favourite with/ of one..s mother ) A t rade pact has been signed gr anting China the most favoured nation t reatment . (“受优惠 的, 优惠的”) She made a favour able impression on the manage r . (“良好的, 有利的”, 如the favourable weather , the favourable r ema rks about ; 亦可表示“赞同”, 作表语, 如be favourable to the proposal) 311 . She lives in a flat for the moment . (“目前、暂时”, 常用于一般现在时) I..m busy at the moment . (“此刻”, 在过去时中意为“那时”) He will be back in a moment . (“马上, 立即”, 同非延续性动词连用) Please wait here for a moment . (“一会儿”, 同延续性动词连用) 312 . Shall I go for a doctor for you ? (“去请医生”, 为他人看病) You look pale, and you..d bet ter go to a doctor . ( 自己“去看病”) 313 . Don..t go to the t rouble to per suade him . I t..useless . 不要在费心劝他了, 没有用。(“费心, 不辞劳苦”, 亦可说take the t rouble, 后接不定式或of 短语) If he gets into t rouble , it is your responsibility . (“招致麻烦、不幸、陷入困境”, 同dis pute , difficulty 等连用) 314 . The soldiers fought hand to hand . (“短兵相接, 逼近地”) They walked along the road hand in hand . (“手拉着手”;亦可作“联合地”解, 如Theory should go hand in hand with practice . ) 315 . She came in company with some gir ls . (“和..一起”) The delegation visited the city in the company of the prime minister . (“在..的陪同下”) Behave yourself in company . 在众人面前规矩些。(“在公众面前”) 316 . He has just writ ten a long poem in memory of the famous scientist . (“纪念”) To the memory of those who died in the anti-fascist wa r . (“谨以此书或此片献给..”) 317 . Can you list the kings of England by name ? (“按名字, 名字叫, 凭名字”, 如Jack by name 名叫杰克, know sb . by name 知道某人的名字) She knew a gentleman by the name of Baxte r . (“名叫..的”, 亦作under the name of 或 of the name of , 后接人的姓名, 作后臵定语) He is a scholar in name but not in fact . 他是个徒有虚名的学者。(“有名无实的, 名义上的”, a democracy in name , be ma rried in name) I arrest you in the name of the law . (“以..的名义, 代表..”, 如in the name of the king 以 国王的名义,亦可说in sb... s name ;若后接God , Heaven , Goodness ,则意为“到底,究竟”,表 示惊异情绪, 如What in the name of Heaven are you doing he re ?) Ma rian Evans wrote under the name of George Eliot . (“以..为笔名”) 318 . I t will not be in place to raise the issue at the meeting . ( 作表语,“恰当的, 适当的”;亦可表 示“在适当或原来的位臵”, 作表语或状语, 如like everything to be in place, leave everything in place) The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks . (“代替”, 相当于instead of , 作状语) 319 . In point of cost , the fir st plan is the better . (“就..来说, 从..上看”) We were on the point of telephoning you when your telegram arrived . (作表语,“正要.. , 即 将, 接近”, 如on the point of death , on the point of going) 320 . He is a man of the world . 他是个老于世故的人。(相当于worldly) She looks for all the world like her mother . 她简直跟她母亲一模一样。(“完全, 一点不差”; 在否定句中作“无论如何”解, 如won..t do it for all the wor ld) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 886 附 录 321 . There was not a house in view . (“可以看见”, 亦可表示“在考虑中, 意在”, 如have a plan in view 考虑一项计划) In view of facts, it seems useless to continue . (“鉴于, 由..看来”, 相当于considering) He wrote with a view of ea rning money . (“为的是, 为了”; 亦可用to , 后接动名词或名词) 322 . We..ve kept up our friendship for over twenty yea rs now . (“继续, 维持”; 亦可表示“斗志、 价格等不低落”, 如Thei r spirit kept up in spite of the hardships . ) The prices have kept up .物价一直在上涨。 We must keep up with the times . (“跟上, 与..同步前进”, 如keep up with them, keep up with medical development ) 323 . There is a limit to my patience . (“限度、界限、极限”, 如set a limit to 对..加以限制, know no limits) A wise man knows his limitations . 聪明人自知自己的缺陷。( 指受条件、环境等因素的“限 制”, 作可数名词或不可数名词) 324 . We should make the best of our time . (“充分利用”) With her indomitable spirit she got the best of her disease . 她以坚强不屈的意志战胜了疾 病。“胜过(, 战胜, 占优势”, 如get the best of sb . by a clever t rick 以智取胜;亦可说get the bet ter of) 325 . You..d bet ter tell him not to make t rouble . (“捣乱, 制造麻烦”) You need not take the t rouble to do that . (“不怕麻烦, 费心”, 如take the trouble about sth . , take the t rouble of doing sth . ) 326 . We..d better go through with the work , Jane , now that we..ve begun . (“既然”, 相当于since) I have nothing against her , only that I dislike her manne r . (“除..之外, 要不是”, 引导条 件状语从句, 相当于except that ) 327 . The plan is on the board . (“在会上讨论”, 相当于be discus sed at a meeting) Helen is now on the boa rds . (“当演员, 演出”) They set sail afte r the passenge rs came on board the ship . (“在船、飞机、车上”) 328 . We are proud of our count ry . (“为..自豪”, 用于褒义) There is nothing to be proud about . 没有什么值得骄傲的。(“对..洋洋得意”, 用于贬义) 329 . The t rain was going at the rate of 160 miles an hour . (“比率, 变率, 速率”, 侧重指各种百分 率, 如be taxed at the ra te of 15% 以15%的税率纳税) Mix sand and cement in the ratio of two to one . 按两份黄沙对一份水泥的比例拌和。(“比 例, 比价”) 330 . They are ready for the t rip . (“准备好干什么”, 相当于ready to do sth . , 如ready for distribution , ready for packing) He is always ready with excuses . 他总是有借口。“准备好所要说的话”(, 后接reply , excuse, answer , explanation。suggestion 等) 331 . They ar e now in the rest room of the station . (“休息室”, 亦表示“共公厕所”) That rest house is quite clean . (“招待所”, 亦作“别墅”解) 332 . She is satisfied with your answer . (“对..满意”, 后接人或事物名词, 相当于pleased with) She is satisfied of your ability to write the paper . (“确信”, 后接事物名词或抽象名词, 相 当于sure of) 333 . She set about writing the poem . (“开始, 着手”, 后接动名词) She set out to climb the hill . (“开始, 着手”, 后接不定式) 334 . He loves to show off his lea rning . (“卖弄, 炫耀”, 用于贬义) At times like these the true cha racter of the man shows up . (“显露出来, 显示出来”) 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 887 附录一 英语貌合神离句与特殊难点 例讲评 335 . He is s hy of(with ) st rangers . 他在陌生人面前怕难为情。(“在..面前怕羞”, 这种意义 上可同with 换用; shy of 亦可表示“对..有顾虑, 对..感到怀疑, 缺少”, 如shy of doing it 对做那件事有顾虑, shy of this sor t of man 对这种人有怀疑, shy of money 缺钱) The girl shied away from looking the st range man in the eye . (“由于害羞、顾虑等而避免 做某事”, 相当于avoid doing sth . out of shyness or fea r . etc . ) 336 . The girl is obviously sick for home . (“渴望, 盼望”) He was sick of lying in bed . (“对某人、某事或做什么事感到厌恶或不耐烦”) John is sick with a fever . (“患..病”, 亦可表示对某人感到不高兴, 如sick withhim for being la te) 337 . She sticks a t her work ten hours a day . (“坚持”工作、学习等, 后接名词、代词或动名词) Students must stick to the rule . (“坚持”立场、观点、原则等, 后接名词; 亦可表示“坚守” 岗位,“信守” 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 、诺言,“忠于”某人,“粘在..上”) 338 . The thief was surprised by the police . (“被意外地”捉住、撞见、遇见) I am not surprised at his doing such a thing . (“对..感到惊奇”) 339 . Nobody took any note of what he said . (“注意”, 相当于pay a ttention to) He took notes of everything the professor said . (把..记下来, 记 笔记 哲学笔记pdf明清笔记pdf政法笔记下载课堂笔记下载生物化学笔记PDF ) Take note , the t rain is coming . (“注意, 留心”, 相当于take car e, 独立使用, 也可接不定式 或that 从句) 340 . He took great pains to explain the rule clearly . (“尽力, 费心, 特别注意”, 后接不定式或with 短语, 如take pains with one..s work 工作非常刻苦) She has pains in the leg . (“..痛”, 亦可说have a pain , 后常接in + 身体部位名词, 如leg , arm, foot 等) 341 . Her t roubled look frightened me . (“忧虑的, 不安的”, 指神色、表情等, 相当于worried) He is a t roublesome child . (“令人烦恼的, 令人讨厌的”;亦可表示“困难的”, 如the troublesome problem) 342 . He usually tunes in to( on) BBC . (“收听, 收看”) The policy is quite in tune with the needs of the people . (“与..一致, 协调”) 343 . She keeps a book under he r a rm . (“在..腋下”) She has a child in her arms . (“怀里搂抱着”) 344 . The bridge is unde r repair . (“在修理中”, 相当于being repair ed) They keep the highway in ( good) repair . (“处于良好状态”, 常用in good repair , 同in bad r epair 或out of repair 相对) 345 . The cat likes to sit in the sun . (“在阳光下, 晒太阳”, 如Don..t read in the sun . ) I am sur e she has visited every count ry under the sun . (“全世界的, 在任何地方”, 亦可用 于加强语气, 意为“究竟, 到底”,Where under the sun could I have put the book ?) 346 . The boat went up and down on the rough sea . ( 副词词组,“上上下下地, 来回地, 到处”, 如 walk up and down , look for sb . up and down; 亦可表示“彻底地, 完全地”, 如know sth . up and down) Life is full of ups and downs . 人生充满苦和乐。(名词词组。“盛衰, 成败”, 前可加the, this, my 等限定词, 如suffer those ups and downs) 347 . She has lost a valuable r ing . (“贵重的, 值钱的, 令人钦佩的”, 如a most valuable writer . ) The fr iendship of the two count ries is old and valued . (“受重视的, 被珍视的”;亦可表示 “经估价的, 已有评价的”, 如a painting valued at one thousand dollars . ) 新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 888 附 录 348 . Her variable mood is rather troublesome . (“多变的, 反复无常的”, 如the variable weather . ) The task was difficult for various reasons . (“各种各样的, 种种”, 强调多, 后接复数名词) The news we get is very varied . (“各不相同的, 变化很多的”, 接复数名词或单数名词, 强调不 同, 如lead a varied life, have a varied career ;various 和varied 二者有时可换用, 但强调点不同, 如Their opinions are various/ varied) 349 . People vary ve ry much in their ideas . (“在..方面不同”, 相当于differ ) The prices of goods vary with the reason . (“随..而不同, 改变”) The film va ries from the or iginal . (“与..不同”;亦可表示“违反”, 如vary from the rule/ the law of na ture ) 350 . The old man was visited by many troubles . (“使遭受, 灾难等降临到”) After the meeting , we visited with the writer for a while . (“同..交谈或聊天”, 相当于 chat with 或talk with ;亦可表示“访问、探视”, 如visit with one..s par ents ) 351 . This failure may wake her up . (“使醒悟”) At last he woke up to the danger he was in . (“认识到, 意识到”, 相当于realize; 亦可表示 “使..认识到”, 如wake sb . to the possibilities of) 352 . He is faithful in word and deed . 他言行忠实。(“在口头上”, 如a friend in word 口头上的 朋友;与实义动词连用时, 亦可用with words, 如admit one..s mistakes in word/ with words) In a word , I don..t t rust him . (“总之”) 353 . They took a turn in the yard before going to bed . (“转一圈”) They took turns in the ya rd at keeping watch . (“轮流”) 354 . He always pays attention to others..private affairs . (“注意”) He always pays attentions to beautiful gi rls . (“向..献殷勤”) 355 . He kept the garden well by ar t . ( 用“人工”) He deceived the youth by ar ts . ( 用“诡计”) 356 . She has the last word in ordering goods . (“作最后决定, 有决定权”) She had he r last words and died . (“讲了些临终的话”) 357 . He r aised his hand at the enemy . 他举起手, 向敌人击去。 He r aised his hands to the enemy . 他举起手向敌人投降。 358 . She has no one take care of her . 她不让别人照顾她。( has 为使役动词, 相当于make , let , 意为“使、让”; take ca re of he r 为宾语补足语) She has no one to take care of her . 她无人照顾。( has 意为“有”, 无使役意义, to take ca re of he r 作定语, 修饰one ) 359 . She had the machine run all day long . ( run 为动词原形, 相当于make the machine run , machine 是run 动作的执行者) She had the shop run all day long . ( run 为过去分词, shop 是run 动作的承受者) 360 . At the door there are two women waiting for you . ( 只说明一个事实:门口有两个人在等你) At the door there a re two women who a re waiting for you . (不仅说明一个事实, 而且含有 个人的感情色彩: 希望你快点去接待她们。)