[英语考试]翻译二级笔译实务2004年11月

[英语考试]翻译二级笔译实务2004年11月 2004年11月英语二级《笔译实务》试题 Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points) This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2 ". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passages in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes. Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题) (30 points) Until recently, scientists knew little about life in the deep sea, nor had they reason to believe that it was being threatened. Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters. At the same time, however, technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in some cases thousands of years to build. Many of the world's coral species, for example, are found at depths of more than 200 meters. It is also estimated that roughly half of the world's highest seamounts—areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life—are also found in the deep ocean. These deep sea ecosystems provide shelter, spawning and breeding areas for fish and other creatures, as well as protection from strong currents and predators. Moreover, they are believed to harbor some of the most extensive reservoirs of life on earth, with estimates ranging from 500,000 to 100 million species inhabiting these largely unexplored and highly fragile ecosystems. Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food products and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever. With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching everything in their path while simultaneously crashing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and seamounts that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor. Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomenon, the damage that has been done is still limited. If steps are taken quickly to prevent this kind of destructive activity from occurring on the high seas, the benefits both to the marine environment and to future generations are incalculable. And they far outweigh the short-term costs to the fishing industry. Part B Optional Translations (二选一题) (30 points) Topic 1 (选题一) Most of the world's victims of AIDS live—and, at an alarming rate, die—in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26.6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS (UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling. AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa—where it was called "slim", after the appearance of victims wasting away—within a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981. One theory of the origin of the virus and syndrome suggests that they started in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled. Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint. An important part of anti-AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them. Funds for anti-AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted. Topic 2 (选题二) As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say that poverty is too complex a phenomenon, and the strategies for fighting it too diverse and dependent on local circumstances, for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty. We have learned the hard way over the years. We have experimented with all kinds of ideas. Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done. I am now convinced that the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances. Aid and trade are both necessary, but they are not enough on their own. Neither is good governance enough in itself. Above all, nothing can move without the direct participation of local communities. I fear that we lecture too much. This is not the best way. I will give an example of how such a compact worked in Tanzania to achieve universal basic schooling. In the mid-1990s, almost all indicators for basic education were in free fall. The gross enrollment rate had fallen from 98 percent in the early 1980s to 77.6 percent in 2000. The net enrollment rate had likewise fallen, from over 80 percent to only 58.8 percent. Then several things happened. We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006—nine years ahead of the global target. Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years. In 2001, we received debt relief under the World Bank's enhanced H1PC (heavily indebted poor countries) Initiative. Subsequently, more donors put aid money directly into our budget or into a pooled fund for the Primary Education Development Program (PEDP). The government's political will was evidenced by the fact that over the last five years the share of the national budget going to poverty reduction interventions rose by 130 percent. We abolished school fees in primary schools. Then we ensured that all PEDP projects are locally determined, planned, owned, implemented and evaluated. This gave the people pride and dignity in what they were doing. After only two years of implementing PEDP, tremendous successes have been achieved. Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points) This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2 ". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passages in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes. Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题) ( 20 points) 进入新世纪，国际形势继续发生深刻复杂的变化。世界多极化和经济全球化在曲折中发展。科技进步 日新月异，我们既面临着必须抓住的发展机遇，也面临着必须认真应对的严峻挑战，尽管当今世界还存在 着这样那样的矛盾和利益冲突，不确定、不稳定因素有所增加，但和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题，世界要和平、国家要发展、人民要合作是不可阻挡的历史潮流。 当前亚洲形势总体稳定，和平、发展、合作已成为前进中亚洲的主流。经过共同努力，亚洲有关国家摆脱了金融危机的阴影，战胜了非典和禽流感疫情的冲击，经济结构调整取得成效，产业升级换代步伐加快，区域合作方兴未艾，抗御风险能力不断增强。亚洲仍然是全球最具发展活力的地区之一，也继续是全球贸易的重要增长点之一。我们对亚洲的发展前景充满信心。 Part B Optional Translations (二选一题) (20 points) Topic 1 (选题一) 中国目前已经建成1.9万公里公路。自1990年以来，中国每年都要新增3700公里公路。到2020年公路网将连接中国所有主要城市。中国公路总里程将仅次于美国，达到55000公里。 高速公路网将带来深远的影响。城市带将形成;人们的生活方式将会发生变化;枢纽城市的经济增长率将迅速上升，因为便利的交通条件将吸引更多的投资者。 许多国际开发商支持这种看法。世界银行和亚洲开发银行正用巨额贷款支持中国开展公路建设。它们认为公路建设对于缓解贫困至关重要。自上世纪末，亚洲开发银行已减少它在中国经济发达的东部地区的公路投资，而将重点转向较为贫困的西部地区。 在公路建设中，中国也很重视支线公路建设，因为支线公路可以使小城镇充分利用附近干线公路建设带来的发展机遇。 Topic 2 (选题二) 长期以来西方人一直怀疑由草药制成的中成药是否有效。在过去的几年内，中国传统医药在世界范围内经历了严格的科学审查。 为证明和提高传统治疗方法的效益，中国大陆投入了巨资在这方面进行艰苦研究。香港一直在努力使自己成为世界上传统中医研究的带头人。台湾也提出它将把自己建成一个中医技术中心。 传统中医药的研究工作在亚洲以外地区的大学和其它机构也蓬勃开展。这些揭开传统医学秘密的研究工作可能会为中西医都大感头疼的疾病患者带来福音。 尽管在理论上中西医之间还存在着分歧，一些对中医药感兴趣的著名国际制药公司已开始在中国实施小规模的研究项目。一批新药已在亚洲各地接受试验。 参考译文及采分点解析 Section 1:英译汉 Pan A 必译题 [参考译文] 前不久，科学家们对深海生物还知之甚少，也不太相信它们正受到威胁。现在，随着深海探测技术的发展，研究人员发现660多英尺，即200米深的海底生存着大量多种多样的物种。但与此同时，渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达比以前更深的地方，进行海底拖网捕捞，而此种深海捕捞则可在几分钟内就把大自然几百年乃至几千年产生的一切毁灭。 例如，世界上的许多种珊瑚在二百多米深的海底才能找到。此外，据估计世界上一些最高的海底山约有一半位于深海海底。这些海底隆起的地方，海洋生物特别丰富。 这些深海生态系统为鱼类和其它生物提供生存、产卵、繁殖的场所，也保护它们免遭强大海流和猎食者的侵袭。此外，据信这些深海生态系统蕴藏着世界上最丰富的生命宝库，估计有五十万至一亿种生物生活在这些大体上未经勘探且极脆弱的生态系统中。 当我们现在刚刚开始认识这些地区极其丰富的生物多样性，并发现这些新物种可能为人类社会带来好处时——如新食品和新药品，这些地区却面临着永远消失的危险。由于确定物种丰富地区的能力增强，由 于拖网捕捞能到达比过去更深的区域，商业渔船可把足球场大小的拖网撒人海中，碰上什么捕捞什么，同 时损坏了脆弱的珊瑚，破坏礁石和海底山的脆弱的结构，而正是这些东西为生活在深海海底的无数鱼类和 其它海洋生物提供了赖以生存的场所。 因为深海海底拖网捕捞是最近才出现的一种现象，它所造成的损害还是有限的。如能赶紧采取措施防 止这些在公海上的破坏活动，它为海洋环境和子孙后代带来的好处将是无法估量的。这些好处将远远超过 渔业短期内需承担的花费。 [采分点解析] 1(Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters(现在， 随着深海探测技术的发展，研究人员发现 660多英尺，即200米深的海底生存着大量多种多样的物种。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文是简单句，译为复合句。原文中的介词短语with...可译为时间状语从句。 benefit指“优越条件， 优越性”，根据上下文意译成“发展”;allow for指“在计算、估算、考虑时包括„„”，翻译时不必译出， 如果译出，在目标语中是多余的，语句也不通顺。 2(...technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in some cases thousands of years to build(渔业人员也 可以依靠技术到达比以前更深的地方，进行海底拖网捕捞，而此种深海捕捞则„„ [分析] 理解结构采分点。 technology has also enabled fishermen to reach的主语是物——technology，翻译时可用人——fishermen 做主语，更符合汉语习惯，即，“渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达”。译文中的“进行海底拖网捕捞”实际上 是根据上文area的意思，其后面应该跟表示目的的语句，因此，把从句的主语bottom trawls重复翻译很必 要。 3(It is also estimated that roughly half of the world's highest seamounts—areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life—are also found in the deep ocean(此外，据估计世界上一些最高的海底山 约有一半位于深海海底。这些海底隆起的地方，海洋生物特别丰富。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用重组翻译法。原文中的同位语从句areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life放在最后，翻译成一个独立的句子。这样可以避免因句子结构复杂，逻辑关系混乱造成意义不 清。 4(shelter 生存。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 shelter通常指“遮蔽处”，根据上下文，这里译成“生存”更好。字典中所给出的词义，在翻译中只 是参考，词语的选择和使用词要依据语境而定。下句中的harbor一词的翻译，也是如此。harbor指“心怀; 在港内停留”，在原文中它所描述的是“生命宝库”，所以，译成“蕴藏”是最合适的了。 5(Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food products and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever(当我们现在刚刚开始认识这些地区极其丰富的生物多样性， 并发现这些新物种可能为人类社会带来好处时——如新食品和新药品，这些地区却面临着永远消失的危 险。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 介词短语along with the potential benefits...中的过去分词found与其后面的成分，可以翻译成一个动宾 结构和从句的谓语beginning to recognize后的成分并列。介词短语in the form of译成“例如，比如”。 6(With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching everything in their path while simultaneously crushing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and sea mounts that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor(由于确定物种丰富地区的能力增强，由于拖网捕捞能到达比过去更深的区域，商业渔船可把足球场大小的拖网撒人海中，碰上什么捕捞什么，同时损坏了脆弱的珊瑚，破坏礁石和海底山的脆弱的结构，而正是这些东西为生活在深海海底的无数鱼类和其它海洋生物提供了赖以生存的场所。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 本句用现在分词短语、介词短语和不定式短语作状语的情况较多，翻译时应注意他们在句子中的成分及作用。句首的介词短语和不定式短语“With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before”应译成两个并列的表原因的完整句子。由catching， crushing，breaking引导的现在分词短语应同动词begin一起翻译成并列的谓语，这样更符合汉语连动式结构。定语从句that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor译成独立的句子。 7(Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomenon, the damage that has been done is still limited(因为深海海底拖网捕捞是最近才出现的一种现象，它所造成的损害还是有限的。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 这里的原因状语从句本来就是符合汉语的习惯，所以不用改变语序。一般情况刀;英语总是结果在前而原因在后，在这种情况下，汉语译文就要按汉语习惯调整顺序。原文中还有定语从句被译为加“的”的定语短语。 8(the high seas公海。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 常用地理知识词汇。 Part B 二选一题 (30分) 选题一 [参考译文] 世界上大多数艾滋病患者生活在非洲，并以惊人的速度大批死亡。据估计，2003年底非洲的艾滋病患者达到2660万人。联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也可以 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 它蔓延的速度是维持不变，或在加快，还是在放慢。 艾滋病最猖獗的地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还包括博茨瓦纳和赞比亚。1981年艾滋病的出现在世界上得到确认，没过几年，这种病就在非洲东部流行起来——当地人管它叫“瘦病”，因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦。关于这种病毒的发源地，一种说法是发源于东刚果盆地;然而关于艾滋病来源的说法不一，很有争议，且带有浓厚的政治色彩;这场争论至今还远未结束。 整个非洲都在采取措施，最主要的是提高公众意识和防范手段，包括建议忠实于一个性伴侣和使用避孕套。人们一般不愿使用避孕套，因为不习惯，还有文化方面的原因，同时它也不符合基督教和伊斯兰教的教义，它们更强调自我约束。 在防止艾滋病的活动中，重要的一项就是提倡“自愿就医检查”，这项活动，有的是政府组织的，有的是民间组织的，也有的是政府和民间共同组织的。此外，医学研究也已找到厂一种办法，虽然不能治愈，也可对患者有所帮助。 “全球预防艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾基金会”是世界各国政府部门、市民社会、私人企业和患病群体的一个协作机构，是应联合国秘书长的号召，于2001年发起成立的。这一机构为防治艾滋病的各项活动提供资金。然而，即便只是为了制止艾滋病的蔓延，这也是远远不够的。 [采分点解析] 1(people living with AIDS [分析] 理解结构采分点。 根据上下文，这里的主语指的是“艾滋病人”，而不是“和艾滋病人生活在一起的人们”。 2(New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS(UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling(联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾 滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也可以说 明它蔓延的速度是维持不变，或在加快，还是在放慢。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 同位语the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS(UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic可以被翻译成一个独立的句子，放在译文的开头，即，“联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国 为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构”;翻译时，要注意修饰主语的动词不定式to be published。不定式多表示 将来要发生的动作，所以，译文应是“将要公布的”。whether一词可以不译出。 3(the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS(UNAIDS)联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 专有名词翻译。 4(AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia(艾滋病最猖獗的 地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还包括博茨瓦纳和 赞比亚。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个含有两个分句的并列句。泽文应是一个完整的长句，内含三个独立 短句。原文的第一个分句中的独立主格结构with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers译成独立的句子与其他两个分句并列。 5(Zimbabwe and Kenya津巴布韦和肯尼亚。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 Zimbabwe(津巴布韦)，Kenya(肯尼亚)均为表国家的专有名词。 6(AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa—where it was called "slim", after the appearance of victims wasting away—within a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981(1981年艾滋病的出现在世界上得 到确认，没过几年，这种病就在非洲东部流行起来—当地人管它叫“瘦病”，因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用重组翻译法。首先把状语within a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981的译文放在整个大句的句首，然后再译主句，最后译破折号之间部分，where引导的从句要译成一个原因 句。after引导的介词短语要翻译成表示原因的从句，即，“因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦”。摆脱了原文和句 子形式的约束，能使译文结构清楚、流畅、自然。 7(slim瘦病。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 slim本意指“苗条、纤细”。文中加上引号表示特殊意义。后文说得了这种病的“患者的容貌是日渐 消瘦”，那么综合来看，译为“瘦病”是很好，也是很自然的。 8(Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms(整个非洲都在采取措施，最主要的是提高 公众意识和防范手段，包括建议忠实于一个性伴侣和使用避孕套。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个简单句，但译文应把主语及作定语的现在分词短语Measures being taken all over Africa译成 一句话。采用增词法给public awareness和device两个名词及名词性短语增添谓语或定语，译为“提高公 众意识和防范手段”。采用减词法，对campaign省略不译，做到了增词不增意，减词不减意。 9(The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self restraint(人们一般不愿使用避孕套，因 为不习惯，还有文化方面的原因，同时它也不符合基督教和伊斯兰教的教义，它们更强调自我约束。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 各种语言的词汇、句子结构等都不是完全对应的，在翻译时，要尊重目标语的表达习惯。本句中的the latter advice指的是上句的to use condoms，因此，为便于汉语表达，翻译时应重复前面提到的具体内容， 而不宜照字面意思翻译，因为，汉语重复现象较多。同样，直译ignored和resisted两动词，也不符合汉语 的习惯。主句中的The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted是被动语态，因汉语多用主动语态，应译成 “人们一般不愿使用避孕套”。表示原因的介词短语 owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching可译成独立的句子。形容词natural和cultural是修饰名词性短语aversion to(厌 恶)的，但直译成“天生的和文化的厌恶”不符合汉语表达方式，所以，译成“因为不习惯，还有文化方面 的原因”较好。and后面部分to Christian and Muslim teaching是与owing to后面的成分平行的，翻译时增 加动词“不符合”为好。 10(Christian and Muslim teaching基督教和伊斯兰教的教义。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 Christian基督教，Muslim穆斯林，teaching教义:the teachings of the Church教会的教义。 11(An important part of anti-AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing(VCT)(在防止艾滋病的活动中，重要 的一项就是提倡“自愿就医检查”，这项活动，有的是政府组织的，有的是民间组织的，也有的是政府和 民间共同组织的。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用重组翻译法。首先要翻译的是，主语部分的定语of anti—AIDS campaigns在译文中应该译成状语， “在防止艾滋病的活动中”;其次，完成主干句An important part... is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing(VCT)(的翻译;最后是把短语whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both译成一个完整的句子“这项活动，有的是政府组织的，有的是民间组织的，也有的是政府和民间共同组织 的”。extension通常指“延伸”，这里应该译成动词“提倡”才符合语境。 12(Funds for anti-AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary General in 2001(“全球预防艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾基 金会”是世界各国政府部门、市民社会、私人企业和患病群体的一个协作机构，是应联合国秘书长的号召， 于2001年发起成立的。这一机构为防治艾滋病的各项活动提供资金。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用拆译翻译法。首先把同位语the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world译成一个句子， “‘全球预防艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾基金会’是世界各国政府部门、市民社会、私人企业和患病群体的一 个协作机构”，然后把分句the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary General in 2001翻译成 与上面的句子并列的动宾结构，“是应联合国秘书长的号召，于2001年发起成立的”组成一个完整的汉语 句子。最后再翻译句子的主干Funds for anti-AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria...“这—机构为防治艾滋病的各项活动提供资金。”这样，原文的一句话，拆译成 两句。把英语句子的词、词组或从句从主干句中拆出来单独处理，把她们放在适当位置，如，置于句首， 或置于句尾，以利于句子的总体安排，避免造成行文上的梗阻。 13(UN Secretary-General联合国秘书长。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 general总的、首席的:the Attorney-，Inspector-，Governor-，Secretary-，etc(General首席检察官、监 察长、总督、总书记。 选题二 [参考译文] 作为一个最不发达国家的领导人，就切身体验而言，我认为贫穷是一个非常复杂的现象，战胜贫穷的 方法也是多种多样的，而且在很大程度上取决于当地的情况，因此也就没有一件特别有效的法宝。 许多年来，我们吃过不少苦头。我们对各种不同的主张进行了实验。 然而，世界经济论坛不久前发表的一份 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 称，全世界应在2015年完成的战胜贫穷、饥饿和疾病的目标，至今只勉强完成了应完成的三分之一。现在我确信，要实现联合国于2000年确定的各项新千年发展目标，必须要有一项全球 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 。该协议必须基于符合当地情况的国家政策。 援助和贸易都是必要的，但光靠它们还是不够的。只靠善治也是不够的。事实上，没有地方社会力量的直接参与，任何事情都不可能取得进展。我担心的是我们说得太多。这可不是上策。 我想举一个例子来说明一项全球协议是怎么在坦桑尼亚运作，以实现普及基础教育的。 二十世纪九十年代中期，基础教育几乎各项指标都大幅下滑。毛入学率从八十年代初的98%下降到2000年的77.6%。净入学率也从80%以上下降到只有58.8%。 随后发生了几件事情。最高政治领导层决定将基础教育列为最优先发展的项日，并通过了“小学教育五年发展计划”，规定于2006年普及基础教育，比全球的规定目标提前九年。 善治使国库日渐充实，政府收入八年来翻了两番。2001年，我们接受了世界银行为重债穷国进一步免除债务的安排。随后还有捐助者直接把钱划入我们的预算，或捐给小学教育发展计划设立的合作基金。 政府的政治决心从以下情况可以得到验证:五年来，国家预算中用于消除贫穷的部分增加了130%。我们还取消了小学的学费。 此外，我们还保证所有涉及小学教育发展计划的项目都由地方来确定、规划、拥有、执行和评估。这就使得人们为自己的所作所为感到骄傲，感到光彩。小学教育发展计划只实行了两年，就取得了巨大的成功。 [采分点解析] 1(...for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty(因此也就没有一件特别有效的法宝。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 原文意思是说“没有一颗银质的子弹在与贫穷战斗中使用”。即，没有使用本质上可以对抗贫穷的东西。译文采用意译的方法。 2(Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done(然而，世界经济论坛不久前发表的一份报告称，全世界应在2015年完成的战胜贫穷、饥饿和疾病的目标，至今只勉强完成了应完成的三分之一。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 宾语从句的翻译是整个句子的关键。可把从句分成两部分翻译:of what should have been done... to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015(全世界应在2015年完成的战胜贫穷、饥饿和疾病的目标);by now ... barely a third is done(至今只勉强完成了应完成的三分之一)。 3(World Economic Forum世界经济论坛。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 这是专有名词。forum论坛:The letters page serves as a useful forum for the ex change of reader's views(读者来信版是读者们交换意见的有益园地。 4(...the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances(要实现联合国于2000年确定的各项新千年发展目标，必须要有一项全球协议。该协议必须基于符合当地情况的国家政策。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 本从句中有一个过去分词短语做定语，修饰compact，应把它译成独立的句子。 5(anchor符合。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 Anchor做动词，意思是“(使)稳定，固定”。原文中的anchor后跟的关键词是policies。通常，汉语中能同“政策”搭配的动词有“执行;符合，制定”等，根据anchor词义，译成“符合”较贴切。 6(universal basic schooling普及基础教育。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 universal全体的、共同的。 7(indicator指标。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 indicator指示器、指示者:Litmus paper can be used as an indicator of the presence of acid in a solution(石 蕊试纸可以测试溶液是否含酸。第六段第一句中关于基础教育的“指示器”则被意译为“指标”。 8(free fall大幅下滑。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 这是一个固定短语，意思是“自由下落”。 9(We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006—nine years ahead of the global target(最高政治领导层决定将基础教育列为最优先发展的项目，并通过了“小学教育五年发展计划”， 规定于 2006年普及基础教育，比全球的规定目标提前九年。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原句为宾语从句，但译文要译成一个句子，有三个并列动词(列为、通过和规定)，其中包含动词不定 式短语to achieve universal basic education by 2006。在翻泽原句的主句We decided at the top political level时， 直接把介词短语译成主语，直译“我们政治高层决定”不符合汉语表达方式。 10(Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years(善治使 国库日渐充实，政府收入八年来翻了两番。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用切断翻译法。原文是定语从句，在译文中把主句Good governance produced more government revenues译成汉语的原因状语从句，表示因果关系。which引导的非限制性定语从句被单独译为一个句子。 11(debt relief免除债务。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 Relief减轻、解除:feel relief感到解脱。 12(political will政治决心。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 will除了“意志”的意思外还有“决心、毅力”的意思:Despite her injuries, she hasn't lost the will to live(她 尽管受了伤却没有失去生存的毅力。 Section 2:汉译英(40分) Part A 必译题(20分) [参考译文] In the new century, the international situation has continued to undergo profound and complicated changes. World multipolarization and economic globalization are progressing amid twists and turns. Science and technology are advancing with each passing day. We have before us both development opportunities that we must seize and grave challenges that we must deal with seriously. Despite the widespread conflicts and clashes of interests and increasing numbers of factors of uncertainty and instability in the world today, peace and development remain the overriding themes of the times. The world needs peace, countries desire development and people want cooperation. This has become an irresistible trend of history. At present, Asia, on the whole, enjoys stability, with peace, development and cooperation becoming the mainstream of an advancing Asia. With concerted efforts, relevant Asian countries have freed themselves from the shadow of the financial crisis, overcome the impact of SARS and bird flu, succeeded in economic restructuring, quickened the tempo of industrial upgrading and transformation, promoted a robust regional cooperation, and increased the capacity to tide over potential risks. Asia has retained its position as one of the world's most dynamic regions and a key growth point in global trade. We are full of confidence in the future of Asia's development. [采分点解析] 1(多极化 multipolarization。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 这是一个常见的时事政治词汇。Multi-是前缀，表示“多个的”;polar是“极”， multipolar多极的:a multipolar generator多极发电机。 2(曲折 twists and turns。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 Life is full of twists and turns(生活充满了曲折。我们还可以用winding，tortuous，or not straight等等。 3(科技进步日新月异，我们既面临着必须抓住的发展机遇，也面临着必须认真应对的严峻挑战，尽管当 今世界还存在着这样那样的矛盾和利益冲突，不确定、不稳定因素有所增加，但和平与发展仍是当今时代 的主题，世界要和平、国家要发展、人民要合作是不可阻挡的历史潮流。Science and technology are advancing with each passing day. We have before us both development opportunities that we must seize and grave challenges that we must deal with seriously. Despite the wide spread conflicts and clashes of interests and increasing numbers of factors of uncertainty and instability in the world today, peace and development remain the overriding themes of the times. The world needs peace, countries desire development and people want cooperation. This has become an irresistible trend of history( [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用切断翻译法。原句是一个103字的长句，首先应该根据原文的意思进行断句，全句可分为五个部 分:(1)科技进步日新月异;(2)我们既面临着必须抓住的发展机遇，也面临着必须认真应对的严峻挑战;(3) 尽管当今世界还存在着这样那样的矛盾和利益冲突，不确定、不稳定因素有所增加，但和平与发展仍是当 今时代的主题;(4)世界要和平、国家要发展、人民要合作 (5)是不可阻挡的历史潮流。原文第二部分是由 “既„„又”组成的复句，要翻译成英语的定语从句;原文第三部分由“尽管”引导的让步状语从句在译 文中被一个介词短语所代替，此部分则被译成了一个简单句;原文第四部分中的三个短句可直译出来，但 第五部分的主语实际上是第四部分的三个小句。由于英语避讳头重脚轻，所以，应用this做主语。 4(日新月异 advancing with each passing day。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 我们还可以用change with each passing day, make rapid progress等，只要能表达出“进步”即可。 5(亚洲形势总体稳定，和平、发展、合作已成为前进中亚洲的主流Asia, on the whole, enjoys stability, with peace, development and cooperation becoming the mainstream of an advancing Asia( [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原句含有两个主谓齐全的小分句。为了句子更简洁，可把原句的后半部分译成带有独立主格结构的简 单句，即with peace, development and cooperation be coming the mainstream of an advancing Asia。 6(金融危机 the financial crisis。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 这是一个固定说法，crisis危机:a financial, political, domestic crisis财政、政治、国内等危机。 7(非典和禽流感 SARS and bird flu。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), bird flu属流行词汇。 8(升级换代 upgrading and transformation。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 有时也可以只用upgrading来表示升级换代。 Part B 二选一题 (20分) 选题一 [参考译文] Up to now, China has built 19,000 km of highways. Since 1990, some 3,700 km of highways have been added each year. By 2020, highway networks will connect all major Chinese cities, and the total length of China's highways will be 55,000 km, second only to that of the United States. The impact of highway networks will be huge. Urban belts will emerge; people's lifestyles will change; and the economic growth rate of interchange cities will surge, as the convenient transportation facilities will attract more investors. Many international developers share this view. Both the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are lending heavily to support China's road expansion. They believe highway construction is vital for poverty alleviation. Since the late 1990s, the Asian Development Bank has reduced its road investment in China's economically developed eastern areas and shifted its focus to the relatively poor western region. During its highway construction, China pays great attention to the building of feeder roads, as they can help smaller towns make full use of the development opportunities brought about by the construction of nearby trunk highways. [采分点解析] 1(公路 highways。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 road指所有的路，在一定的语境中或词搭配中也可指公路;而highway则专指公路;高速公路用express way。 2(到2020年公路网将连接中国所有主要城市。中国公路总里程将仅次于美国，达到55000公里。By 2020, highway networks will connect all major Chinese cities, and the total length of China's highways will be 55,000 km, second only to that of the United States( [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用合句翻译法。根据原文上下文的逻辑关系，可以在译文的句和句之间使用连接词and构成一个句 子。 3(里程 length。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 “里程”就是“路程”，也就是指距离或者说长度。 4(仅次子 second only to。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 通常用second only to表示排名。inferior to也表示“次于”，但多指地位低下、质量次等。 5(许多国际开发商支持这种看法。Many international developers share this view( [分析] 用词选词采分点。 “支持这种看法”的内在含义是双方的观点相同，所以，英译时，用share一词要比用support更为地道。 6(世界银行和亚洲开发银行World Bank and the Asian Development Bank。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 专有名词，如中国银行Bank of China，中国建设银行the Construction Bank of China等等。 7(他们认为公路建设对于缓解贫困至关重要。They believe highway construction is vital for poverty alleviation( [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文中的“缓解”本是动词，而在译文中却成了名词，这是词类的转换，目的是为了更加适合译入语 的习惯。 8(较为贫困 relatively poor。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 “较为”relatively就是“相比较而言，相对来说”，所以，不能使用副词的比较级。 9(支线公路 feeder roads。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 feeder支路、支线:a new feeder road for the motorway连接高速公路的新支线。 10(干线公路 trunk highways。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 固定说法。还可以叫做trunk road。 选题二 [参考译文] For a long time, Westerners have been skeptical about the efficacy of China's patent drugs made of medicinal herbs. In the past few years, traditional Chinese medicine has been subject to rigorous scientific scrutiny worldwide. To prove and enhance the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, China's mainland (the mainland of China) has poured huge amounts of money into hard research on this field. While Hong Kong has been endeavoring to make itself the world leader in research on traditional Chinese medicine, Taiwan has put forward a plan to transform itself into a traditional Chinese medicine technology center. Research into traditional cures is also blossoming at universities and other institutions out side Asia. These efforts to unlock the secrets of traditional remedies could produce benefits for sufferers of diseases that have confounded both Western and traditional Chinese medicines. Although there are still differences between Western and traditional Chinese medicines in theory, some world-known pharmaceutical companies, taking interest in traditional Chinese medicine, have launched small research projects in China. A number of new medicines have already undergone trials across Asia. [采分点解析] 1(草药 medicinal herbs。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 固定说法，草药还可叫做herbal medicine。 2(中成药 patent drugs。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 patent drugs通常译成“专利药物”。根据上下文判断，它在文中应指的是中国国家承认、获专利许可 的中药制品。所以，译成“中成药”。 3(科学审查 scientific scrutiny。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 这里的“审查”不是一般的检查，而是指仔细的研究评估考察。scrutiny仔细而认真的检查:a close scrutiny of the election results彻底检查选举结果。 4(中国大陆 China's mainland。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 China's mainland是常用政治词汇，也可译成the mainland of China。但切不可把 mainland作为定语修 饰China，变成“mainland China”(“中国大陆”)则有“两个中国之嫌”。 5(香港一直在努力使自己成为世界上传统中医研究的带头人。台湾也提出它将把自己建成一个中医技术 中心。While Hong Kong has been endeavoring to make itself the world leader in research on traditional Chinese medicine, Taiwan has put forward a plan to transform itself into a traditional Chinese medicine technology center( [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用合句翻译法。根据原文上下文的逻辑关系，可以在译文的句和句之间使用连接词while构成一个 句子。 6(这些揭开传统医学秘密的研究工作可能会为中西医都大感头疼的疾病患者带来福音。These efforts to unlock the secrets of traditional remedies could produce benefits for sufferers of diseases that have confounded both Western and traditional Chinese medicines( [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文中修饰“研究工作”的定语短语在译文中以不定式的形式做定语，而定语短语“疾病患者”却被 译为了定语从句。中西医Western and traditional Chinese medicines是固定表达法。 7(试验 trial。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 trial多指对质量性能的测试:The new drug has undergone extensive medical trials(这种新药已做了大量 的医学试验。