[安全防震]地震逃生知识

[安全防震]地震逃生知识 Knowledge of self rescue and safe escape after earthquake According to the provisions of the "Regulations" earthquake prediction management, Civil Affairs (only at or above the county level people after the earthquake rescue) short term and impending earthquake prediction the government has the right to the public release of the earthquake, any other departments, units and individuals shall have the right to release of earthquake prediction. Don't believe it as long as it is not officially issued by the government. And for that time of earthquake forecast to within one day, or even a "precision" to several "forecast", certainly are rumors, because the current level of earthquake prediction in the world cannot reach the accuracy. - earthquake escape requirements of public places 1, if you are theaters, stadiums, earthquake, must be calm, especially on the inner power, do not shout, do not squeeze chaos Yong, should squat down or hide in the chair, to avoid the attention of the chandelier, electric fans and other hanging objects, protect head with bags and so on. And after the earthquake, obey the command staff, organized withdrawal. 2, when the earthquake, you are shopping malls, bookstores, galleries, should choose strong counter, goods (such as low furniture etc.) or the floor, and the inner corner squat down, with hands or other things head protection, avoid glass doors and glass windows, but also in the channel in the squat, waiting for the earthquake subsided, in order to evacuate. 3, students in class, the teacher's command quickly head, eyes closed, hiding under their desks (or wrong: next to the aisle of the desk or desk lower than they lay down position), can not run or jump, after the earthquake, leave the classroom organized, to close open ground shock. 4, is for the stadium, should immediately stop the game, stable audience, prevent the chaotic and crowded public places, the organization has to step to the stadium in the crowds gathered in an earthquake, most avoid panic, otherwise it will cause disorder, mutual squeeze caused casualties, but should be organized from the intersection of fast evacuation. - earthquake rescue four common sense Don't worry when you are in the 1. earthquake A destructive earthquake is only an average of 12 seconds from a person's sense of vibration to the destruction of a building. In this short period of time, you must not panic. You should quickly make a safe choice based on your environment. If you live in a bungalow, then you can run to the door quickly. If you live in the building, do not jump off, should be immediately cut off switch, turn off the gas and shelter to the Restroom where a small span, or table, bed below, post earthquake rapid evacuation, in case of strong aftershocks. More than 2., first find hiding place Schools, shops, theaters and other places where crowds congregate, such as an earthquake, are most likely to panic. They should immediately hide behind desks, chairs or solid objects, and be evacuated in an orderly manner after the earthquake. Teachers and other on-site staff must be calm and command people in situ shock absorbers, never take the lead in running around. 3. away from danger zone Such as an earthquake in the street and protect your head with your hands, quickly away from buildings, to the middle of the street area. If you are in an earthquake in the suburbs, be careful to stay away from cliffs, steep slopes, river banks and high tension lines. Cars and trains are going to stop right now. 4. buried to conserve physical strength If after the earthquake unfortunately buried by the ruins, try to keep calm and try to help yourself. When there is no escape, save your strength, try your best to find water and food, create living conditions, and wait for rescue workers In the indoor emergency earthquake action Anti earthquake damage is the main shock and bad buildings falling objects hurt. If there is an impending earthquake prediction, you can press the government notice of action, and leave the building. But in most cases, earthquakes happen suddenly. In 12 seconds, through their own emergency action, to get the best protection effect. The method is: once the earthquake, such as at home, it should turn off the gas and the switch will extinguish fire immediately. If you live in a bungalow, and close to the door, you should rush out of the door. If you live in a building, you can hide under a sturdy bed, table, or hide in a smaller room, such as the bathroom or kitchen, or set up support triangle space (refer to third classes of indoor protective action). To protect the head, to prevent foreign body injury; to use a mask over his mouth and nose, body and low. Never jump, jumping through the window, so as not to fall or be glass branch; Do not go on the balcony, do not take the elevator, do not go down the stairs, do not run everywhere, do not flow with people crowded, these places easily collapse, collapse, extrusion, trampled. Especially for those who feel the earthquake, especially to prevent blind action, obey the command, otherwise it will cause greater losses. All indoor personnel should be withdrawn as soon as possible after the initial earthquake, so as to avoid aftershocks in squares, parks and other places. In the underground shopping malls must obey the command staff at the scene, do not panic crowded, should avoid the flow of people, and to prevent a fall; his hands folded on his chest, shoulder and back to protect themselves, to withstand external pressure. When people are moving, avoid moving into walls or fences; untie your collar and keep your breath flowing. Can also hide in the counter, frame, squat inside the corner and pillar side, protect the head. - Outdoor emergency earthquake action When an earthquake occurs, people who are outside should put their hands over their heads. It is better to cover them with proper objects and run to open spaces. To avoid the attention of tall buildings, especially the glass wall of the high buildings, chimneys, towers, billboards, street lamps, large cranes, brick pile, precast concrete wall, oil depot, dangerous goods warehouse, overpass overpass, etc.. Also pay attention to avoid dangerous houses, narrow streets and other dangerous places. The personnel can enter the roadside building, in order to avoid crushing. When an earthquake is on the outskirts of the staff, should quickly leave the side of the mountain, water and other dangerous places, in order to prevent slippery slope, topography, water and other emergencies. Get off the bike, stop driving, and pull over. Listen to the radio on the earthquake and the guide to action. That usually the earthquake emergency preparedness work When the government has forecast or imminent earthquake prediction, people should act immediately start emergency about earthquake. The main tasks are: Take safety reinforcement measures at home or in school classrooms. For example, the reinforcement to prevent the dumping of cabinet, fixed the door, to prevent the goods fall, Cover the glass with a transparent film or adhesive tape to prevent debris from wounding and store the weight low. Reinforced beam column, wall and roof cement. Take care of dangerous articles. Prepare fire extinguishers. The purpose of these work is to increase indoor safety. As with civil air defense emergency, it is necessary to prepare personal emergency kits and tent materials. According to the plan of the emergency division of labor of the family, school or unit, the work responsibility is confirmed and the safety parts of the school or family are made clear so as to hide and take refuge in an emergency. The study of self and mutual rescue, fire fighting, repair, find, lift the wounded skills of knowledge. Determine the location of the neighborhood and unit personnel after the earthquake, and make plans for emergency rescue. Learn the omen knowledge before the earthquake: if the water level in the well rises suddenly or drops, there is peculiar smell in the atmosphere, the bird, the domestic animal is panic, there is spark between the wires, the room has blue light, the fluorescent lamp is ignited, etc.. Everyone must know the right way to report immediately. But it is impossible to predict the earthquake, nor believe the rumor that there is an earthquake. - earthquake intensity Seismic intensity is the extent to which ground and buildings and structures are subjected to earthquake damage at different distances from the epicenter. The intensity of earthquake is divided into 12 degrees in our country. Seismic intensity and earthquake magnitude are two concepts, such as the Tangshan 7.8 earthquake, the earthquake intensity of Tangshan City is 11 degrees, the intensity of the central city of Tianjin is 8 degrees, and the intensity of Shijiazhuang is 5 degrees. 3 degrees, a few people feel. 4 - 5 degrees, sleep awakened, chandelier swing. 6 degrees, the vessel was dumped and the house was slightly damaged. 7 - 8 degrees, housing damage, surface cracks. 9 - 10 degrees, bridges and dams were damaged, houses collapsed, and ground damage was severe. 11 - 12 degrees, destructive destruction. - felt earthquake emergency action A sense of earthquake refers to an earthquake that occurs at a lower level, has obvious tremors, and does not cause any damage or major damage to the earthquake. The emergency points In the event of a felt earthquake, the personnel in the room should be quickly separated by the pre selected safe indoor shock absorbers, without knowing the intensity of the earthquake. After the earthquake, we will quickly withdraw to the outside, pay attention to listening to the relevant news broadcast by TV stations and radio stations, and be prepared for earthquake preparedness. In the understanding of its trend, not to spread rumors, to ensure social stability. In a devastating earthquake emergency action A destructive earthquake refers to the magnitude of the earthquake occurring, causing certain casualties and building damage, or causing heavy casualties and building damage. The emergency points In a bungalow residents level encounter larger earthquake, such as outdoor open, quickly went to the house should avoid as far as possible, avoid tall buildings, overpasses, away from power lines and chemical, gas and other factories or facilities; no time to run when hiding under the table, bed and strong next to the furniture, and use a towel or clothing wuzhu mouth dust and smoke. Living in the building, residents should choose the kitchen, bathroom and other small hall space suspension; can also hide within qianggen, corner, sturdy furniture so easy next to form the triangle space; to stay away from the walls, doors and windows and balcony; do not use the elevator, More can not jump off the building. Switch off the power supply and fire source as soon as possible. In classrooms, work places and public places, Baotou should be quickly closed to the eyes, and protected from platforms, desks, desks and office furniture. In the field, we should try to avoid the foot of the mountain and steep cliffs in case of rolling stones and landslides. If a landslide occurs, we should run both sides away from the direction of the rolling stones. While traveling on the beach, we should be far away from the coast in case the earthquake causes a tsunami. When driving, we should quickly avoid the overpass, steep cliff, telegraph poles and so on, and select the open area as soon as possible and stop immediately. The body, by the earthquake damage, should try to remove the pressure on the object, as far as possible to use a wet towel to cover your nose and mouth and other dust and smoke; stone or iron tapping objects in contact with the outside world, don't cry, pay attention to conserve energy; try to use heavy masonry support such as instability at the top, to protect their survival space. - earthquake must not panic Most of the earthquakes we feel are felt, strong and felt earthquakes. A small number of earthquakes that cause minor damage and cause serious damage are very few. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs, do not panic, be calm and take prompt action. Especially in high-rise buildings and crowded places, the local escape most realistic. There have been earthquakes in China without causing any damage, but panicked people crowded and trampled, causing serious injuries and even death. Don't jump off a building Love each other Do not crowded in crowded places Students should obey orders - earthquake self-help escape nine methods. 1, select the angle of shock absorbers. When the earthquake occurred, immediately under the bed, and choose the Kang Table, drop her head, to escape the house cover, wall and other objects blow. Because the Kang, bed, desk, wardrobe, can be formed to collapse the living space of objects. But be careful not to drill under the bed, the bed and table should be strong; the wardrobe can not be plate type, not too high, too high may be dumping. 2, choose kitchen, toilet shock absorbers. If there is cement slab or cement prefabricated roof of the house, when the earthquake occurred, immediately went into the kitchen and toilet, because these places are on the small hall, the sewer pipe connection, which can play a supporting role, and may find the subsistence food and water are likely to reduce casualties. The drawback is that there is little room for maneuver and no shelter for the human body. 3, first of all protect yourself. To do as much as possible to save effective strength. The earthquake occurred at the moment, not much thought, should act decisively to protect yourself, if possible way to protect others. Remember that only when you save yourself can you save others. This is a matter of a different nature than the "disaster hit and fly". The "save yourself" here is to save others more. The Tangshan earthquake, I saw many husband hugged his wife and children or wife and her son died together dead really distraught sigh. Some people have escaped, after hearing the wife and children crying for help, and then drilling into the ruins, aftershocks came, and his family a shock. Also pay attention to yourself after the danger, we must first save the living, First save the easy to save, and then put out the fire. To fight for time, in the shortest possible time to form strong 4. Protect your head, mouth, nose. If you're buried under the ruins, don't panic. To keep your head cool, protect your head and nose with your hands first, so as to protect the respiratory tract from the damage and dust. In the hands of dynamic circumstances, the first hand off the extrusion of the earth block, increasing the activity space. If the upper limbs or being suppressed, unable to move, it is necessary to pay attention to saving. At this point, the spirit of the power is enormous, must not despair, to strengthen their determination to live, but with indomitable will, waiting for rescue. In the face of death, there is no use crying, only the only living way of self-help and mutual aid. 5, don't shout. Need to remind everyone is: when the earthquake was smashed inside, we should base ourselves on self-help, do not shout, and minimize physical exertion, the longer you persist, the greater the possibility of rescue. Note that those who are pressed to listen to the outside sound clearly, but the sound of facing the inside is not easy to hear. Save your strength and shout for help when you hear someone outside. My classmate's sister's little companion, with her, was pressed under the roof of the house, and there was no injury to her, and she was so exhausted by shouting that she died about two hours later. 6, save water, save use. Water is necessary to sustain life. Trapped in it, do everything possible to find water. There is no water to find a container to keep your urine to drink; no urine to find wet soil to suck. To do a long time to drink, but only lip liquid can not drink. If you are trapped inside for too long, look for everything you can to eat. 7, consolidate the living space. Trapped in it, the first thing to do is to protect yourself. To the use of bricks as soon as the roof panel on upper body counter, to prevent himself injured in aftershocks. Try to poke an air hole out of the stick to prevent choking. 8. Create escape conditions. Trapped in the inside, as long as the initiative, we must try to drill out. To search for mining tools, such as knives, iron bars, iron used to dig the ruins. With the eyes and ears, feel the right way to escape: where you can see the light on the distance is short; where you can hear the sound on the distance from the near; in which direction, feel the wind, that distance and so on. 9, persistence will win. It needs to be stressed that the people who are buried in the ruins are still alive if they can keep it up. In the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, about 86% people were buried under pressure, and more than 90% were buried in the polar region. According to figures, about 700 thousand people were buried under pressure, of which nearly 100 thousand were killed, accounting for about 16% of the total number of people buried under the pressure of 630 thousand. At that time, the majority of Tangshan bungalows, similar to the situation in Wenchuan today. Under the table to the shock absorber to drill. The TV, is fundamentally wrong!!! Please pay attention! Do not hide under the table or under the bed, but lie next to the table and the bed with a lower height than the table and the bed!!! Building ceilings can ruin tables, beds and other furniture when a strong earthquake collapses, If people hide in it, the consequences will be unimaginable. If people hide in the low position next to furniture, furniture can be subject to the strength of collapsed objects, so that people on the other side can make room for survival. Even in the face of the earthquake when driving, we must hurry to leave the car, a lot of earthquakes in the parking lot of the people killed were alive in the car crushed, in between two vehicles, but unharmed; a strong earthquake occurs, if you are in the parking lot, do not stay in the car, to avoid falling down the ceiling flattening car, causing damage to the prone position; should be hiding in the car, the pressure drop of smallpox in the car, not directly hit the person, may form a "living space", increase the chance of survival.... - can teach you how to reduce the earthquake damage as much as possible. 1, search for "help triangle"" Simply speaking, when buildings collapse, roofs fall on objects or furniture, and gravity will hit these objects, leaving a space behind them. This space is what I call the help triangle". The bigger the object, the stronger it is, the less it is squeezed. The smaller the object is squeezed, the greater the space, and the greater the likelihood that the person using the space will be free from injury. One of America's most experienced rescue workers speaks about his experience, and there are many very practical details that may be available later. The first building he had ever entered was a school in the Mexico earthquake of 1985. Every child is under the desk. Every child was squashed. If they lie down in the aisle next to the desk, they will have the hope of survival. I wonder how the children were mistaken 2, self-help in the earthquake When the building fell down, everyone who squatted and covered was almost crushed to death. Those who hide under objects, such as desks or cars, are always seriously injured or killed. Cats, dogs, and children naturally curl up when they are in danger. You should do the same in an earthquake. It's a safe instinct. And you can do it in a very small space. Close to an object, a sofa, or a large object, only to be slightly squeezed. 3, accurately determine the surrounding building and furniture materials Wooden buildings are the strongest in an earthquake. The wood is elastic and moves along with the force of the earthquake. If the wooden building collapses, it leaves a lot of room for survival, and the wood is the least dense and the least weight. Brick materials break into smaller blocks. Bricks can cause injuries, but bricks are much less crowded than those crushed by cement. If an earthquake occurs, you are watching TV and can not escape quickly from the door or window. Then lie down next to the sofa or chair and curl up. 4, do not take the stairs When the building collapsed, many people were found dead at the door. What's the matter? If you stand under a doorway and the door falls forward or backward you will be crushed by the ceiling above. If the doorframe falls to the side, you will be crushed in it, so you will be mortally wounded anyway! As the stairs and buildings shake at different frequencies, the stairs and the structure of the building will continue to collide individually. When a man is on the stairs, he is cut off by the steps of the stairs, which can cause terrible damage! Even if the stairs do not collapse, stay away from the stairs, even if they are not broken by the earthquake, and collapse because of too many people. 5, as close as possible to the outside wall of the building or leave the building. The outside of the wall is better than the inside. The closer you get to the center of the building, the greater the likelihood that your escape path will be blocked. - earthquake at home how to deal with A destructive earthquake is only an average of 12 seconds from a person's sense of vibration to the destruction of a building. In this short period of time, you should quickly make a safe choice based on your circumstances. If you live in a bungalow, then you can run to the door quickly. If you live in the building, do not jump off, should be immediately cut off switch, turn off the gas and shelter to the Restroom where a small span, or table, bed below, post earthquake rapid evacuation, in case of strong aftershocks. A sudden earthquake, if you are at home, must not rashly flight, especially living in high-rise buildings, dense building apartments, should be immediately at home for an ideal place to escape, such as under the bed, under the table. Because of less high-rise buildings and open fields, rural areas can escape outdoors during earthquakes. If they are not in time, it is better to be indoors. They can hide under tables, under beds or other ideal places, relying on their support to block falling blocks of cement and bricks. Be careful to keep away from the window. You'd better head, quilt, pillow or safety helmet when you are out of flight. In order to prevent the door frame deformation from opening during the earthquake, it is better not to close the door during the shock period, such as the home safety condition is allowed. At night, the earthquake should be transferred to the safe area as soon as possible. It is best to try not to hide in the bathroom kitchen In an earthquake, some people rush to escape. If the earthquake is very urgent and swift, it is better to hide in the washroom with less space. Because there are many pipes in the toilet, especially the thick and thick sewer pipes play a supporting role. Bathroom space is relatively small, the wall collapsed will form a relatively large gap for people to hide. On the contrary, if the space is hiding in the larger rooms, the wall collapse probability of injured people is very big, so the earthquake was the best hiding in the bathroom. How to escape. The sudden occurrence of earthquakes is a surprise. If the earthquake starts, do not try to rush out of the house if you are in the house, so the probability of killing is very great. The expedient is to hide under a strong bed or table. If there is no solid furniture, it should stand in the doorway, and the door frame is somewhat protective. Keep away from the window because the window may shatter. If outdoors, do not close to buildings, trees, electric poles, or any other tall buildings that might collapse. Try to keep away from tall buildings and run to the open ground. In order to avoid losing balance during an earthquake, you should lie on the ground. If there is no open space nearby, you should avoid it for the time being. Do not hide in the ground, tunnel, or underpass because the debris from the earthquake will fill or clog the exit. Tunnels will collapse themselves unless they are very strong. In an earthquake, a wooden house tends to tilt and causes the door to open, and then life is thrown away. So, whether or not going out, it's wise to open the door first. In the event of a major earthquake, things on the shelf and books on the shelves may fall. At this point, it is important to protect your head. In case of emergency can use the side of the cotton cushion, blanket, pillow cover head to avoid being injured. Even when an earthquake occurs in the summer, it is indecent to escape naked, and the naked body is vulnerable to splashes of sparks, glass and metal fragments. Therefore, go refuge to wear as much as possible thick cotton padded jacket and cotton socks, and avoid wearing combustible chemical products. For example, when you are in a hospital, an earthquake is the best strategy for getting into bed. In this way, can prevent from falling objects and crushed or skylight overhead. When the earthquake, do not run on the road, then, wherever you go, are flying down the signs, doors and windows and other items. Therefore, it is better to wear a safety helmet and something like this in a dangerous situation. When an earthquake occurs, the bridge collapses and falls into the river. It is very dangerous to park on the bridge or avoid the bridge. Therefore, if an earthquake on the bridge, it should quickly leave the deck. Large earthquakes sometimes occur at the bottom of the ocean, where tsunamis occur. The waves will rise rapidly, and the boats near the shore will be dangerous. At this point, it is better to leave the beach quickly and stay safe from the high seas. When people meet an earthquake in a public place, the people inside are frightened and crowded, because the frightened people can not find the exit of the escape. When need is calm down to looking for the exit, don't run around. - earthquake refugee law In places where earthquakes happen frequently, people have accumulated some experience in preventing earthquakes. Of course, there are good facilities and institutions for predicting earthquakes that can avoid huge damage. For an average family, what should be done when an earthquake occurs? Nine items of attention are listed for your reference: 1, do not panic out of the outdoor, first temporarily hide in strong furniture or table bottom, it is best to hide in a small room, such as bathrooms, kitchens. 2, after a strong earthquake, should not be relieved, be prepared to cope with the occurrence of aftershocks. 3, first put out the fire after the earthquake. 4, as far as possible to walk to the shock absorber, should be carried as far as possible to minimize. 5, do not go through narrow roads, ditches, cliffs or riverside, so as to avoid accidents. 6, pay attention not to near the mountain, cliff, so as not to burst, accident. 7, near the coast, we must pay attention to the occurrence of tsunamis. In low-lying land, water shall be avoided. 8, don't be afraid of aftershocks, and don't listen to rumors. 9, observe order and pay attention to hygiene. In peacetime, ready for evacuation tools and equipment: 1, water; 2 or five days of food (ready, even one day without fire, enough food); 3. Valuables (cash, bank deposit book), All kinds of documents and necessary seals and so on; 4, flashlights, candles, matches and so on; 5 radio; 6 blankets; 7, hand towel, toilet paper, rope and other daily necessities and toiletries; 8 、 first aid * *; 9, bags and other supplies. These appliances should be arranged at ordinary times so that they can be carried away as soon as necessary. If a baby or toddler family, be prepared for baby diapers, milk powder, umbrella, mat and other products, the most important is the child according to the needs of the family, all ready to be enough for two to three days of emergency supplies or food. Escape - "the earthquake (safety) triangle". Personally feel that when the earthquake came, first of all to quickly determine whether they can safely run out of the house (below 3 layers), to find an open space (higher security base). If time and circumstances do not permit, then find the triangle (today suggest you look at the picture, immediately look at the surrounding environment, be aware of), remember that light is not hiding, to do a good job in the head protection dodge and escape, this is very important, even in the open to protect the head. First, a post earthquake map, if not shoddy, general buildings collapse if the floor will fall down overall, the so-called "expert top down days", strong, there is a certain degree of furniture is often the top force bearing body of the jack. But it depends on whether the earthquake type is horizontal or vertical. Indeed, what if the furniture in the triangle that we depend on during the earthquake will fall down? A triangle of life that can be avoided by solid objects in the house Lying patterns (mainly to protect important parts of the body from harm, if there is a helmet will be better). But there are also problems that can lead to tumbling injuries. - earthquake correct mistake here The correct approach: Choose solid objects to dodge Choose a corner with a load-bearing wall Pay attention to protecting your head (very important) After the danger, knock on the water pipe to help yourself The wrong way: Looking for a wardrobe to hide (wrong) Jump off a building (wrong) It's too late to get out of the corridor Stay in bed (wrong) Take the elevator (wrong)