祈使句讲解练习
祈使句讲解
一、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)
定义:用于
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达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止 等的句子叫做祈使句.祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常 都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时, 都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用 句号来表示结束。
例: Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。——命令
Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.)请安静。——请求
Be kind to our sister. 对姊妹要和善。——劝告
Watch your steps. 走路小心。——警告
Look out~Danger~ ~ ~ 小心~危险~——强烈警告 已如感叹句)
Keep off the grass. 勿践草坪。——禁止
No parking. 禁止停车。——禁止
1 祈使句也常把主语“ 祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如: You go and tell him, Chris. (克立斯你去告诉 他。)
二、相关口令 祈使句无主语, 常省去; 祈使句无主语 主语 you 常省去 动词原形谓语当, 否定变; 动词原形谓语当 句首加 don't 否定变 朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。 朗读应当用降调 句末常标感叹号。
三、表现形式
?肯定结构
1. Do 型(即:动词原形 宾语 其它成分 。如:Please 动词原形(+宾语 其它成分)。 即 动词原形 宾语)+其它成分 have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
2. Be 型(即:Be + 表语 名词或形容词 其它成分 。 表语(名词或形容词 其它成分)。 名词或形容词)+其它成分,如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子
3. Let 型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分 。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
?否定结构
1. Do 型和 Be 型的否定式都是在句首加 don\'t 构成。如:Don\'t forget me! 不要忘记我 Don\'t be late for school! 上学不要迟到
2. Let 型的否定式有两种 “Don\'t + let + 宾语 + 动 型的否定式有两种“ :其它成分” 词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原 其它成分” 形 + 其它成分”。如:Don\'t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 别让他走。
3. 有些可用 no 开头 用来表示禁止性的祈使句。 :No smoking! 禁止吸烟No fishing! 禁止钓鱼
四、祈使句的应答
1.一般用将来时 will \won`t 肯定句用 will ----- Get up early. ----- I will, mom. 否定句用 won`t ------ Don`t be late again. ------ Sorry, I won`t, Mr li.
五、祈使句的反义疑问句 来反问。 用 will you?来反问。Open the window, will you, Don`t make a noise, will you, ,
注意:用"Let\'s"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用 时 把谈话者的对象包括在内; "Let us"时,并不包括对方,如:, Let's try it, shall we? Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 3 "shall we"
和"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。
六、直接引语中的祈使句 一般变 tell\ask sb.(not)to do sth. “ Get up.”mum said to me. ” Mum asked \told me to get up. “ Don`t talk aloud.”the teacher said to us. ” The teacher asked\told us not to talk aloud.
祈使句
练习题
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I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s an important meeting. ________ (not, be )late.
2. __________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. ___________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____ (be) polite.
4. __________ ( not, talk) and _________ (read) aloud.
5. __________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry. 6._________(look) out! A car is coming. 4
7. ______ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ___________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you __catch_(catch) a cold.
10. Let’s ___________ (not, say) anything about it.
II. 选择填空
( )1 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard” A Stop B Don’t C Can’t D No
( )2. Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure ( )3.________ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D Be careful
( )4. ________him the secret, will you? A Don’t tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling
( )5. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Don’t read C Don’t to read D Not read
( )6. ________ Your child. We’ll look after him. 5 A Not to worry about C Not worry for ( B Don’t worry about D Don’t worry with
) 7 ______ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never
( )8.Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A not B don’t C aren’t D can’t
)9. John, read the text for us,________? A does he B will he C do you D will you
( )10. Let’s do it at once, ________ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do you
将下列汉语翻译成英语。
1. 请照看好您的包。 ___________________.
2. 让我们去学校吧 ___________________!
3. 亲爱的 高兴点儿 ___________________!
4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________.
5. 不要让猫进来___________________.