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All clauses in English have at least two parts: a noun phrase and a verb phrase:
所有英语句子里最少包括两个部分：名词和动词。
But most clauses have more than two parts:
但几乎所有句子多于这两个部分：
The first noun phrase is the subject of the sentence:
第一个名词部分是句子的主语：
The children laughed.
John wanted a new bicycle.
All the girls are learning English.
She put the flowers in the vase.
English clauses always have a subject:
英语句子里一定会有主语：
His father has just retired. Was a teacher. He was a teacher.
I’m waiting for my wife. She is late.
… except for the imperative which is used to give orders:
除了用于发布命令的祈使句：
Stop!
Go away.
… and for "soft imperatives" like invitations and requests:
Please come to dinner tomorrow.
Play it again please.
If we have no other subject we use "there" or "it" as subject. We call this a ‘dummy subject’:
如果没有其他主语，我们用there 或it 作为形式主语。
There were twenty people at the meeting..
There will be an eclipse of the moon tonight.
It’s a lovely day.
It’s nearly one o’clock.
I have toothache. It hurts a lot.
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