大学物理_下册_唐南_课后答案[14-26章].khdaw

12 acb 0Q 0E A>0 abca 2 S1 S2 a T1 S1 bc abca 0E A>0 0Q bc S1 S2 de adea 7.46 1 2 3 4 14.1 C 14.2 14.3 (1) )tcos(Ax S/5 Hz5.2 2 v S4.01 v T m05.0A 2 (2) t=0.1s m05.0x t=0.2s 2 3 0x (3) 14.4 (1) A o x (2) o x 2 (3) o x 3 2 A 14.5 t=T/4 t=T/4 4/3 t=0 4/T 2/ 4/ 14.6 (1) A=5cm T=2.4s s T / 6 52 t=0 2/0 Ax ( ) 00v 3 cm) 36 5cos(5 tx o x A 2 2 t/s x/m 0.05 0 0.2 0.4 S 22 33 (2 05 00 13 (2) a Ax 0 b 2/Ax 0v 3/ c 0x 0v 2/ d 2/Ax 0v 3/2 e 2/Ax 0v 3/4 (3) 14.7 (1) t=0 2/0 Ax 00v 3/ )2cos( T tAx cm) 34 2cos(24 tx cm) 32 cos(24 tx (2) t=1 6/1 cm3121x (3) ( 3 ) x=24cm=A ( 0 ) t st 3 2 2/ )3/(0 14.8 A=2cm t=0 2/0 Ax ( ) 00v 3/ t=0.5s 05.0x ( ) 0v 2/5.0 t=0 t=0.5s t 3 5 5.0 )3/(2/ t cm) 33 5cos(2x 14.9 2/ )2/cos(2 tAx 14.10 3/2 14.11 (1) 1-sm) 3 t8sin(4.0 dt dxv -1max sm26.14.0v 22 sm) 3 t8cos(2.3 dt dva 22max sm6.312.3a (2) 14.12 2 m) 6 4cos( 2 1) 23 4cos( 4 2 ttx 2sm) 6 5t4cos(8) 23 t4cos(4x2a 14.13 (1) m m v a m m v a T 22 (2) m m mm mm a v va vv A 2 / (3) 2 xa bc d e 33 3 cos(((( ttcos(( 4.0 4.0 3/ 3/ /5.0 55.0 5.0 )2/ )2 t8sin( t8n( t8sin( t8in( 22 c22 c22 14 ) 2 cos( 2 t v a a v x m m m m 14.14 /mvA t=0 v x 2/mvv 2/ 2/ 6/ ) 6 cos( t v x m 14.15 (1) (2) (3) (4) 14.16 21 2 k m k m 14.17 C 14.18 1sN2 l mgk 1s5 M k sT 26.12 t=0 20 10x m -1 0 scm5v m104.1/ 2220 2 0 vxA 1 0 0 x v tg 00x 00v 4 m) 4 t5cos(104.1x 2 00x 00v 4 3 14.19 21 mm k t=0 00x 21 1 0 mm vm v )( 21 10 2 2 02 0 mmk vmvv xA t=0 00x 00v 2 ) 2 cos( )( 2121 1 t mm k mmk vm x 14.20 (1) sin 2 g lT (2) 22 2 ag lT (3) g rT 2 14.21 g lT 2 g dgTdg g ldT 23 g dg T dT 2 sT 10 2/002.0 360024 108.922 sm T Tgg 2/798.9002.080.9 smg 14.22 (1) mg R mM GF E E 2 x 33 3 22 E E E E R xmM G R x x mM G x mMGf v x v vm 1 mmm11 kk 2xA xA 2xx 22 44 44 33 2 t=0=0 0 2 0 vv v0 0 22 0 00 15 ERmgxf / (2) ERmgk / kxf g R k mT E22 14.23 (1) AmmaF mm 2 MgAm 2 m031.0 4 222 ggA (2) mgAm 2 A g Hz23.2 2 1 2 A gv 14.24 t=0 a a y0 y 0 a y a 0 kygysF 2 gsk 2 s gs m k mT 77.0 2 22 14.25 kmgl 2 3sin)mglmgl 2 1(M mglk 2 3 222 3 4 3 1 mlmlmlJ g l mgl ml k JT 2 3 4 2 3 3 4 22 2 14.26 0 0 x 222 0 222 0 2 0 2 0 )()(4 4 )(4)(4 xl qQlx xl lxqQ xl qQ xl qQF l>>x kxx l qQF 3 0 3 0l qQk qQ ml l l qQ m k mT 0 3 0 222 14.27 kmBmBM sin k=mB mB J k JT 22 14.28 1 2 2 4 14.29 1 0.5 33 22 mmlml 22 mmlml 2 m 2 11(M (M m(( 22 3 44 mlml44 (( qQqQ 16 14.30 (1) E/4 (2) 2/2A 14.31 2 2 1 kl 14.32 )t(sinmgl 2 1)t(sinml 2 1 dt dJ 2 1E 220 22 0 22 2 k l g )t(cosmgl 2 1mge 2 1 2 sinmgl2)cos1(mgeE 220 22 p )(cos 2 1 22 0 tmglEEE pk 14.33* 101 teA 13 1 1 0 s102.2 t A ln 2 02 teA s A t 6.4 ln 2 0 2 416-100=316 s 14.34* 14.35* 14.36* 14.37 3/2 14.38 6.0 3 cos3.04.023.04.0cosAA2AAA 2221 2 2 2 1 082.0 ) 6 cos(3.0 6 cos4.0 ) 6 sin(3.0 6 sin4.0 cosAcosA sinAsinA tg 2211 2211 0814.0 rad )08.0100cos(6.0 tx a A c2 3.04.0 04 22 3.0 3.3.04.0 3.0 3.0 3. 17 14.39 aA )32( 2 ) 2 cos()32( tax 14.40 t 2 1cost 2 3cosa2t2cosatcosaxxx 21 x 22 3 t st 3 1 14.41 3348 348 v=351Hz 18 15.1 x u x u T/4 15.2 (1) (2) (3) 15.3 15.4 (1) -13 mol sm1002.1 004.0 30031.867.1 M rRTu 1-sm347 029.0 30031.84.1u (2) molM RTu 4.1 RT uM 2mol (3) Eu -2112 mN1003.2uE 15.5 m17 20 340 1 1 v u m017.0 20000 340 2 2 v u m5.72 20 1450 1 1 v u m0725.0 20000 1450 2 2 v u 15.6 u 2 20 2 0 2 u 15.7 (1) 2 (2) 2 (3) T t02 2 15.8 2 2 1 1 u l u l )(2 2 2 1 1 u l u l v 15.9 x t=0 20 Ay 00v 3 4 0 x=2 t=0 0y0 00v 22 7 2020 14501450 11v 22 -2-2mN mN11 NN11 20000 340340 2vv u m5. m. 2 0 19 6 11) 2 ( 3 4 l=2m l2 m18.22 l 15.10 (1) t=T/4 4/ (2) 4/x x=0 T/4 15.11 (1) sT 12 1-sm6 T u (2) 0 P s u t 75.1 6 5.10 (3) P 0 5.3t (4) P m)3t2cos(2.0)5.3 2 t2cos(2.0y p (5) m) 2 x 3 t2cos(2.0)x2 2 t2cos(2.0y 15.12 03.0A m v=2.5Hz m24.0 2 x=0 m) 2 5cos(03.0)2cos(0 tvtAy m) 2 x 3 25t5cos(03.0)x2vt2cos(Ay 15.13 (1) x=0 )cos(0 tAy 00t 0t 0x )(cos 00 ttAy (2) )(cos 0tu xtAy 15.14 m5.00x 2 m) 2 t10cos(01.0) T t2cos(Ay 0x m)10cos(01.0)22cos( 0 xt xx T tAy 15.15 (1) a m) 20 (4cos03.0 xty (2) b m]) 20 xt(4cos[03.0) 20 5xt(4cos03.0y 15.16 )22cos( x T tAy m10x s10t 3 3 22 00 x T t 3 22 00 x T t ) 3 22cos( 00 xx T tt Ay m) 3 x 3 tcos(2.0y x y t=T/4 t y x= /4 ( u x(os (s (( m5.0 m50 yy m 3 2525t5( tt5 t )00( ))0 t2cos(A 2cos(A 2 2(2 20 15.17 (1) 2.0 x uv 4.02 v 2 ) 2 4.0cos(04.00 ty m) 2 x5t4.0cos(04.0) 24.0 x2t4.0cos(04.0y (2) 15.18 (1) t0=0.5s x=0 3 2 0 07.0x m 27 l 12.007.0 ) 2 ( 3 2 22 l m (2) x=0 )2cos(0 T tAy 3 22 0 T t 3 22 0 T t m) 6 tcos(1.0) 3 2 T tt 2cos(Ay 00 (3) m) 6 x 3 50tcos(1.0) 612.0 x2tcos(1.0y 15.19 (1) t1~t2 l=0.5m m/s 4 1 2 5.0 t lu Hz 8 1u 2 m) 24 cos(02.0)2cos(0 ttAy (2) m) 2 xt 4 cos(02.0) 22 x2t 4 cos(02.0y0 15.20 (1) A=0.05m 10 Hz52/ xx 24 m5.0 -1sm5.2u (2) 1m sm5.0Av 222 m sm5Aa (3) m2.0x t=1s 2.92.04110 t100 2.910 t 2.9 t=0.92s 15.21 w1038.107.0109sIP 423 353 mJ103300/109u/I 15.22 3-62222 mJ1036.6A)v2( 2 1A 2 1 -23 mw1016.2nI 15.23 222)2( 2 1 RuAsIP mm39.02 2 1 u P R A 15.24 D 15.25 (1) (2) (3) 15.26 (1) 0 (2) 4/ m .0A 0A .0A 0AA 5.0A 0AA tt=1s=1sttt 2.9 2.9 t 4 cos(02 cos( 1010 11sm smmm 10 109sI 19s 19sI 9sI 21 15.27 (1) 32 3 22 12 rr (2) 3 0A 15.28 S1 4/2 2 2 1212 rr A=0 I=0 S2 0 4/2 2 rr 2 1212 A=2A0 I=4I0 x x s1 s2 15.29 m4u x A x B A x 14 4 23022 1212 x xrr )12(14 kx 152kx x=1 3 5 29 15.30 m1.1 300 330u AC=x C xxxABx 1222 sxx 5.0 2 12 m634.0x 15.31 S1 S2 S3 0 0 S1 S2 S3 ) 2 cos(1 tAy p tAy p cos2 )2 cos(23 tAy p 0 ) 4 cos(2 tAy 15.32 m1060.641065.1 22 (1) Hz105 3u (2) 9 min max I I 2 min 2 max min max A A I I 1 3 min max A A 21max AAA 21min AAA 1 2 2 1 A A 15.33 20 kx 240 kx k=0 1 2 15.34 (1) 1y )01.04cos(06.01 xty (SI) )22cos( xtAy Hz2 m200 -1sm400u (2) 4cos01.0cos12.021 xyyy x 2A A A2 x x s1 s2 165.1 65.65.1 65.1 555uu 15 x=x m634.0 63.0x 0 cos2 c3y co2 c23p .640 2 640 Hz10 Hz03 22 (3) kx01.0 )(100 SIkx k=0 1 2 2 01.0 kx )(10050 SIkx k=0 1 2 15.35 (1) x x0 x )(2 0xx 2 )(2 0xx ) x x2x 2 T t2cos(A)2 )xx(2 2x2 T t2cos(Ay 0 0 (2) 0x 20 kxx k=0 1 2 4 240 kxx k=0 1 2 15.36 (1) 2/u m x1 3 m ) 6 5x-t00.04cos(10m) 3 xx 2t2cos(Ay 1 (2) x x2 x 2(x2-x) 2 )(2 2 xx m) 6 11xt100cos(04.0) 6 52 )xx(2 2xt100cos(04.0y 2 (3) x2 kkxx 10 20 k=0 1 2 10x0 x =0 1 2 10 m x =0.5 1.5 2.5 9.5 m 15.37 (1) x x=0 )22cos( x T tAy (2) x=0 2 kx k=0 1 2 4 24 kx k=0 1 2 15.38 u u u 15.39 (1) T txay 2cos2cos2 a=0.01m 2 m T=0.02S 100/Tu m·s-1 (2) m1 2 (3) tx t yv 100sincos x=1m t=2.5 10-3s v=4.44 m·s-1 15.40 m2 2 u5 2 5L 15.41 0v 0v 2 TT kk=0=0kkk 11 22 (2(2 t100cos(4 100( t kk10 k 10 m )) x uu 23 15.42 2 2 1 vu vu 1 1 2 vu vu 15.43 2 2 1 vu vu 2 2 1 vu vu 15.44 Hz20v 1- 3 R sm3/503600 1060v Hz 51 107 340 3/50340 00 vvu vu v R 12660v 15.45 (1) Hz14211080 30331 65331 01 vvu vu v s R (2) Hz19281421 65331 30331 12 vvu vu v s R 15.46 v 01 vu vuv 012 vvu vuv vu uv vvv vu vuvv 0002 1- 4 3 0 sm4.9 220108.12 2201054.1 vv2 vuv 16.1 H y 1- 0 0 y mA)2 t100cos(796.0) 2 t100cos(300H 16.2 x E z x y z o C E H 2 uu 44 3 108.1 10 44 22010 220 3 108.1 10 4 10 3 100cos(96 10cos( x 24 )(2cos56)(2cos50.1 0 0 xvtsxvtxE 16.3 2200 22 r4cE 2 1r4cr4SP 1-2 0 0 mV1073.1c2 P r 1E T1077.5c/EB 1100 16.4 tRcE 2 1tRstPw 2200 2 1-8 0 0 mV1055.1tc w2 R 1E T52.0/00 cEB 17.1 1 2 3 x s1 e s1 n-1 e s2 enrr )1(12 x x 4 17.2 5)( 12 tnn mnm nn t 0.88000 40.170.1 48055 12 17.3 d Dx m D xd 633 10545.0 5.2 1027.2106.0 =545nm 17.4 1 kd sin d dkk ,1 ' 'd nm2.6482.0%)101( 2.0 3.589 ' ' 2 o nnd 5.1 33.1 2.0' 0 17.5 z x y o C EH 170.1 70.1 4805 4805 xxx 80008000n 40 80008000n dd D 25 2 )2 2 sin(abab 2 cbab 2 )2cos1( sin h 2 sin2 2 sin2 sin 2 hh 2 sin2h h4 sin 17.6 1 0sindll 21 21sin lld d D d DllDDtgopo 3)(sin 21 2 d Dx 17.7 1 Hzcvv 149 8 106 10500 103' nmnm n 3646.363 375.1 500' 18149 102.2106106.363'' msvu 2 cmd 4100.22 cmndL 41075.22 3 112 L 17.8 1 nm240d1 kdn12 k=1 nm n d 240 4.12 672 2 1 2 nm140d2 kdn22 k=1 nm n d 140 4.22 672 2 2 17.9 kne o 2 30sin2 22 k=1 c b h a 1.4 1.5 2.4 1.5 m .3633 375.1 75 500 18 1100 111msms ndd .22ndnd 2ndnd 240240672672 26 nme 2 2 1001.1 4 133.14 kne 2 2 k=1 nmne 5371001.133.144 2 17.10 1 2,1,02 kken k=0 0oe k=1 nme 25020.12 600 1 k=2 nme 50020.12 6002 2 k=3 nme 750 22.12 6003 3 k=4 nme 100020.12 6004 4 k=5 nmhnme 12001250 20.12 605 5 5 k=0,1,2,3,4 2 17.11 2 )12(2 kne nm5001 k nm7002 k-1 2 ]1)1(2[ 2 )12( 21 kk 3 )500700(2 700500 )(2 21 21k nm n ke 673 30.14 500)132( 4 )12( 1 17.12 3 n l 2 n l 17.13 1 LLtgd N xl 2 L x NL l d 22 md 523 9 1094.510889.2 10295.42 30103.589 2 m nN x n l 5 3 1042.9 3052.1 10295.4 2 17.14 n l 2 rad nl 6 3 9 1077.38 100.552.12 103.589 2 83600360 2 1077.38 6 44 32(2( (2(2 111k 673 30.1 30 50000 27 17.15 a k 2 )12( 2 2 kd a 2 ]1)10(2[ 2 2 kdb 2 )10(, 2 kdkd ba nmdd ab 3105.250055 a b l 17.16 n kRrk %3.1333.1 11' ' kR n kRkR r rr k kk 17.17 nRkrk /)2 1( Rkrd kk )2 1(22 n Rkrd kk )2 1(2'2' 36.1) 7.12 8.14() ' ( 22 k k d dn 17.18 1 2 k r e ke 2 2 ) 2 1( 2 1 ke )(2)]([ 222 edRedRRr RkRd ) 2 1(2 RkRdr ) 2 1(2 3 kd 2 2 5.4 2 12dk 8 k=1,2,3,4 4 B B 4 kd ) 4 (2 k=5 5 9 17.19 k 2 2 1 2 22 R r R r e kk 2 )12( 2 2 ke 12 212 RR RRkrk d o r ek[[[ RdR22RdR22RR d 2)])]22 Re 2)])]22 2)])] Rkk 2 1(kk Rk ) 22 11((k 28 17.20 Nd2 nm N d 8.534 1204 322.022 17.21 ottt tLl o 2 Nl )(22 ooo ttL N tL N 17.22 2T ln )1( Nln )1( 00029.1 1020 103.5899811 2 4 l Nn 18.1 1 2 8 9 2 2sin kka 4 2k=8 4 912k 3 a 2 f a 2 oa sin a 22 1 f a fxo 2 4 n ka sin kkgk fftx sin na ffxxx kkkk )sin(sin 11 n 1 18.2 mm0.3 nm5891 a fx 11 2 nm4422 mmxa fx 0.30.4 589 4422 1 1 22 2 aa 2 ff 44 2 ff aa 2 ff aa 22 29 18.3 1 m a fxo 3 3 9 1036.2 100.1 105890.222 2 mx a fx o 31018.1 2 1 3 m n x na fx o 3 3 0 1077.133.1 1036.22' m n x na fx 3 3 10885.0 33.1 1018.1' 18.4 a fkx 2 )12( k=1 nmmm f ax 1400104.1 4003 4.16.02 3 2 3 1 k=2 nmmm f ax 800108.0 4005 4.16.02 5 2 3 2 k=3 nmmm f ax 600100.6 4007 4.16.02 7 2 4 3 k=4 nm f ax 467 4009 4.16.02 9 2 4 600nm p 3 467nm p 4 18.5 2 )12( 2 )12(sin 22 1 1 kka 3,600,2 211 knmk nm6.428 132 600)122( 2 18.6 k a fkxk 2 da a kfdxk 2 2 18.7 rad D 7 9 1068.2 5.2 1055022.122.1 rad D 4 3 9 1024.2 103 1055022.1 ' 22.1' 836 1068.2 1024.2' ' 7 4 N N 18.8 1 l x D 22.1 13 1 600600 3 kk 467nm467 ,2,211kk nmnm6.8 dxdxk 30 kmm D lx 473 109 1 1 1079.11079.1103 1081055022.122.1 2 km D lx 11 08.5 1081055022.122.1 189 2 2 18.9 l x D 22.1 mxDl 39 3 1094.8 1055022.1 1052.1 22.1 18.10 l x f d D 2/22.1 m l xfd 5 32 108.4 50 106102022 18.11 D 22.1 cmmD 8.13138.0 1084.4 1055022.122.1 6 9 18.12 a+b sini kiba )sin)(sin( 18.13 kd sin mkd 60 9 1006.1 38sin 10633 sin 9708 1003.1 100.1 6 2 N 1 1003.1 1063322sin 6 9 2 d 18.14 md 5 2 10 3 1 6000 100.2 kd sin 18.0103103.589sin,1 591 d k 36.02sin,2 2 d k 54.03sin,3 3 d k 72.04sin,4 4 d k 90.05sin,5 5 d k 16sin,6 6 d k 30º md o 55 10 6 110 3 1 2 130sin 3 103.5896 1030sin 9 5od 3 18.15 1 kd sin mnmkd 63 106106 20.0 6002 sin 2 a dkk 1 k=4, 1'k mda 6105.1 4 58958585 dd 33sinsin 33sinn 33 97089708 10 6 dd 310 9 310 3 54.0 54.0 d 55 d 31 3 3,2,1''4 kkk 10 10600 10690sin 9 6 max odk 9 4k 8 9,7,6,5,3,2,1,0k 18.16 1 2,sin k d fkfftgx m d fxx PRpR 35.010)400750(104000 22)(2 99 2 m d fxx RpRp 025.0104000 10)7504002(2)2( 9 9 12 3 0375.0 104000 1075022sin 9 9 d R R 30.0 104000 1040033sin 9 9 d P P Rp 18.17 1 v ud v u 22 2 u vf d fx 2 x vfu 2 18.18 kid sin2 9 9 1034.0 60sin 100977.03 sin 2 oi kd nmm k d o 17.01017.0 2 11034.0 ' 30sin2' 99 18.19 kid sin2 ,1k nmd o 39.0 2 2275.0245sin21 nmdk o 19.045sin2 2 1,2 2 nmdk o 13.045sin2 3 1,3 3 nmdk o 097.045sin2 4 1,4 4 0.13nm 0.097nm x 19.1 19.2 32 3 I I o 3 21 oII o o III 8 330cos212 o o III 32 360cos223 34.0 34.0 34.0 30 ii22dd s uu vf vf d ff 3 sinsin i kkd k 2 11101 9101 9 kk oo 245n 5n oo 2 32 19.3 1 2 1n 3 2 4 39.2n1 i n1 n2 19.4 1 2 19.5 1 58i º oooir 325890 2 2 1, 1 1 2 n n ntgi 60.1582 otgn 19.6 1 21 oII 8 60cos212 oo III 125.0 8 12 oI I 2 101.0%90%9060cos 2 1 22 o oI I 19.7 oI 1 20 1 8,8 60cos 2 IIIII oo o 11 2122 25.2 4 9) 4 3( 2 830cos30cos 2 IIIII ooo 19.8 19.9 2 1 max 2 III 2 1 min II 2 1 max 2 III 2 1 min II 19.10 '2648 33.1 50.1 oitgi '3441' 5.1 33.1' oitgi 19.11 Bi nit Bg o Bi 0.58 ooI II 2s 101.0 1 200 6coscos 22 2 I 22 3cos30 co 2o cosco 2 33 60.1n 19.12 '311252.1247.77905.49090 1 oooog oo ti 19.13 2 2 B 19.14 e 0 i 0 e e e oer 30 ee rni sinsin oo rni sinsin '1048745.03sin49.1sin oo ioi '4026449.0 66.1 745.0sinsin oo o o rn ir o 20.1 (1) 'L (2) 't (3) (4) ; (5) c (6) c866.0c 2 3v (7) c866.0c 2 3v 20.2 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 A 20.3 20.4 1 4s 5s 25.1 v=0.6c 2 81095vl 20.5 S’ /' tt 25.1,6.0 c t xv st 4' 20.6 10s s5.1210 sc 5.126.0 0.3c s c sc 25 3.0 5.126.0 37.5s 20.7 2 8 99.01 11077.1T mc 3999.0 99.01 11077.1 2 8 20.8 s106.2 8 s106.2 6 10' 8tt mtvl 4.100.8c106.2 6 10 8 20.9 mLL 8.025.1/1/' 0.8m 0.6c s10444.0 6.0 8.0 8 c 20.10 1 22 /1 11' cv L 20.11 22.7/12 cm 20.12 1 S’ 22 /1/1' cuL 2 1 3 x y sin' /1cos/' 22 yy cuxx 22222 /cos1'' cuyx 20.13 1 8025.1/100/'LL 2 S 40 A’ tctcc 6.040 25t 3 S 40 B’ tctcc 6.040 100t 4 75 66 0.6c0.6c 0.8c0.80.8c0.8c LL 1 111111 20.14 1 A B /100/'L v sv 6105.2)/(100 v=3.96 107m/s 2 A A 100m B A 100/v 2.525 10-8s 20.15 E W 222 0 2 /1 2' cvc vLx c vt E 20.16 S’ 0)(' 2 xc vtt v=0.6c 25.1 mtvxx 4000000)(' 20.17 sx c vtt 0033.0)(' 2 B 20.18 cvn nvc cvnc vnc cuv vuc //)/(1 / /1 ' 22 20.19 x S’ c cuv vuu 54.0 /1 ' 2 c cuv vuu 981.0 /1 ' 2 20.20 1 c cvu vuu 994.0 /''1 ''' 2 2 ccvu vuu 9997.0 /'1 ' 2 20.21 1 v cvu vuu x x x 2/'1 ' c cvu u u x y y )/'1( ' 2 2 S ccvuuu yx 22222 / 3 x 22 /1 tan cvc v u u y x 20.22 1 c cvu vuu x x x 882.0/'1 ' 2 2 m/s106 4 20.23 vc vc 0 vc vc 0 ccv 21.0 /1 /1 2 0 2 2 0 2 20.24 c z zcv 1 1 /1 /1 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 20.25 1 V=xyz/ 2 xyzmVm // 20 . 20.26 25.1 /1 1 22 cv )/(383.06.0511.025.10 cMevvmmvp )(639.0511.025.120 2 MevcmmcE )(128.020 2 MevcmmcEk 20.27 20 2 0 2 )1( cmcmmcEk vu vu xx ' '' u 22 vv u yx yuuuuuu 22 cc 88.0 88.0 /vv 22 1 0.5c 20 2 0 154.0)1( cmcm 2 0.9c 2 0 2 0 29.1)1( cmcm 3 0.99c 20 2 0 09.6)1( cmcm 20.28 22422 0 cPcmE 2 1 22 0 22 0 )/1( cmPcmE 2 1 22 0 2 )/1( cmP 220 22 1 22 0 2 2/1)/1( cmPcmP 2 0cmPc E 0 22 0 2/ mPcmE 20.29 MevcmmcE 520 2 511.0/5 995.0/ cv )/(97.4)/(2 cMevcMev c vmcmvp 20.30 V610 eV610 2 0 2 0 2 )1( cmcmmcEk 2.96 1.001 )/(2 cMev c vmcmvp )/(42.1 cMevmvp )/(32.4 cMevmvp 22 /1 1 cv 0.94c 0.0316c 20.31 2mcEB kgcEm B 352 104.2/ 20.32 222 0 2 0k 2242 0 2 cPE)EE(cPcmE 22k0 2 k cPEE2E c )EE2E( P 2/1 k0 2 k 20.33 )0087.138970.919139.140()0439.2350087.1( uuuuum MevmcE 8.2002 Mevuc 3.9311 2 20.34 )0026.42()01601.70078.1( uuum MevmcE 87.162 20.35 )00000.12()008665.16007825.16( uuum MevmcE 21.92 20.36 2710)]6750.16425.6()0049.53437.3[(m JmcE 122 10779.2 mmmm mmm 22 k E2E 2E 22 kk E22 )0439.35 0439 mc22mc22 0160.78 01.78 EE 0078.16( 016( .3[([( .3[([(mm 1 21.1 1 bTm K bT m 3 9 3 109.5 10490 10897.2 2 40 TM 274384 0 W/m1087.6)109.5(1067.5TM 21.2 440 ) 1( m TM 12 2 mm 010101 4 02 0625.016 1) 2 1( MMMM 21.3 MeV511.020 cmE e cp hchE 0EE Hz1023.1 10626.6 106.110511.0/ 2034 196 hE m1044.2 1023.1 103 12 20 8c m/skg1073.2 103 106.110511.0 22 8 196 c E P 21.4 hchvE =400 nm eV11.3J1097.4 10400 10310626.6 19 9 834 E =700 nm eV77.1J1084.2 10700 10310626.6 19 9 834 E eV11.3eV77.1 E 21.5 n hchE w hcnnhnEw 33834 159 m/1052.2 10310626.6 1010500 hc wn 21.6 1 2 3 4 21.7 AhEk kE h OP/OQ h A OP A 0kE v OQ 404 626.6 62. =700 nm=700 nm .6EE kg10 k0 2222 kg10 k 100 10 103 10 99 883 7007 10626 3410 eV1 eV1 2 A B C 21.8 hvAAhvmv , 2 1 2 )11(2)(2 0 0 m hchh m v m/s1050.6) 652 1 400 1( 10101.9 10310626.62 5 931 834 21.9 Amvh 22 1 aeUmv 2 2 1 AeUhch a1 1 1 AeU hch a2 2 2 )11( 21 12 e hcUU aa V30.1)400 1 3.589 1( 10106.1 10310626.630.0 919 834 21.10 eU ,U eUAmvh 22 1 0 2 1 2mv e A e hc e Ahc e AhU /max V1.21.4106.1102.0 10310626.6 196 834 21.11 NhS N 1 S N 0UkvU a aU aU B 21.12 90,)cos1(426.2 pm pm426.2)90cos1(426.2 %1/ 0 nm2426.01000 21.13 0 EE0 0 000 2.12.0 E hc 2.1 0EhcE MeV1.0 2.1 6.06.00 EEEk 21.14 1 0.7c )1(222 cmcmmcE eek MeV204.0)1 )7.0(1 1(511.0 2 2 )11( 0 0 hchvhvEk 1969834 834 0 106.110204.0)10002.0/10310626.6( 10310626.6 / kEhc hc nm0030.0 %1%1 6.110 10 310 3 66 3434 .110 10 310 3 N Ukv Ukva kvkv co1(426.2 12 00 1000 1000 3 3 nm)cos1(10426.2 30 5878.0 002426.0 1cos 0 54 4 y sinsin hmv vm h mv h e 54sinsinsin 4.1 )7.0(1 1 2 668.0 10003.01037.0101.94.1 54sin10626.6sin 9831 34 9.41 21.15 0 0 21 PP 21 PP 11 cPE 22 cPE 21 EE 2121 220 EEEEE MeV5.672/1352/021 EEE 21.16 21 PP 2211 CPECPE MeV022.5)511.02(2)(2 021 EEEE k MeV511.221 EE 21.17 500KeV 21.18 xeSS 0 02 1 SS x xeS S 0 0 2 /693.0/ln 2x 21.19 xeSS 0 xe S S 0 %53.606053.0,cm02.5 1.002.5 0 1 e S S 291.0667 0 1 1008.1,cm667 e S S %1008.1 27 21.20 A B C nmrvL D 21.21 3n 0 e y x v (( kk M511.2 51.22222 500500KeVKeV500500 21 2EE1 222 CPE CP222E2 5.02(2 02( 5.02(2 02( MeVV SS 4 13 EE hchE 112 1 9 8 3 EE E m10028.1 106.16.138 10310626.69 8 9 7 19 834 1E hc 21.22 n=2 eV4.3 4 6.13 2 )( 2 1 22 E EE nm400min eV1.3 10400 10310626.6 9 834 min maxmax hchE 21.23 n 2 n=2 n=4 15 34 19 14 1008.3 10626.6 106.1)85.06.13( h EE Hz n=4 n=2 nm0.486 106.1)85.04.3( 10310626.6 19 834 24 1 EE hc n=3 n=2 nm1.656 106.1)51.14.3( 10310626.6 19 834 23 2 EE hc 21.24 n=1 n=2 evEEE 2.10)6.13()4.3(12 kT 2 3 EkT 2 3 2 1 K1058.1 1038.13 106.12.104 3 4 5 23 19 k ET eV6.131EEE K k ET 523 19 101.2 1038.13 106.16.134 3 4 21.25 n=2 eV2.104.36.131212 EEE n=3 eV09.1251.16.131313 EEE n=4 eV75.1285.06.134 112 EEE k 4.3( .3(11EE 4.3( .3(11EE kTkTkTkT33 nm 65665 10 0 1919 8 nn=1=1 )6.13( )6.13( )6.13( )6.13( EE 44 5 eV2.12 n=3 n=3 n=3 n=2 nm1.656 106.1)51.14.3( 10310626.6 19 834 23 32 EE hc n=3 n=1 nm5.102 106.1)51.16.13( 10310626.6 19 834 13 31 EE hc n=2 n=1 nm5.121 106.1)4.36.13( 10310626.6 19 834 12 31 EE hc 21.26 maanrn 10 00 2 10529.0, m10529.0 1001 ar m1012.242 10 00 2 2 aar nmrvl 00 2 1 manamn n mr nv n n m/s102.2 10529.0101.9 1005.1 6 1031 34 0 1 ma v 1 1 v n vn m/s102.2 6 1v m/s101.12 61 2 v v 21.27 1 n n n r v 2 0 2anrnvmr nnn 332 0 4 32 0 1 4 1 2 nh me nman 2 n n-1 2 2 1 1 )1( 11)(1 nnh E EE h nn 22220 4 22 1 )1( 12 8)1( 12 nn n h me nn n h E 3 n nn n 1,01 222 0 4 2222 0 4 )1( 12 8)1( 12 8 nn n h me nn n h me nnh me 322 0 4 1 4 21.28 H n=3 n=2 RR nm R 36 5) 3 1 2 1()11(~ 2222 He + +2e Z=2 RRZR 42 )11(~ 22 nm R )11(4)11( 2222 nm R nm R Rv 36 5~ 3322 004 nh nh 33 n ((11 00 2 nnan a m/s10 m/066 1 ))1 E nn n 11 6 m=4, n=6 n=6 n=4 H 22. nm225.1 v Vv 938) 04.0 225.1()225.1( 22 22.2 22.1 105V 22-3 nm105.5 1050 225.1225.1 3 3U nm105.5 3 22.3 eV104kE V10 4V nm10225.1 10 225.1225.1 2 4U 0.1mm 22.4 22 GeV 02 2 1 EEE c P kk 0 2 2 EEE hc P h kk m1017.5 106.110 1 10511.022222 10310626.6 17 19932 834 22.5 B q m R R vmqvB 2 R qBmv R qB hR mv h R 22.6 m/s1052.2 1067.1 300