ASTM A790-A790M-03

Designation: A 790/A 790M – 03 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 790/A 790M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specification2 covers seamless and straight-seam welded ferritic/austenitic steel pipe intended for general corro- sive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These steels are susceptible to embrittle- ment if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures. 1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for pipe when a greater degree of testing is desired. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made and, when desired, one or more of these may be specified in the order. 1.3 Appendix X1 of this specification lists the dimensions of welded and seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B36.19. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification. 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M desig- nation of this specification is specified in the order. NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as nominal diameter, size, and nominal size. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products3 A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re- lated Alloys and Feroalloys4 A 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe4 E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing5 E 309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu- bular Products Using Magnetic Saturation5 E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings6 E 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami- nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen- itic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys5 E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)4 2.2 ANSI Standards:7 B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe 2.3 SAE Standard:8 SAE J 1086 2.4 Other Standard:9 SNT-TC-1A Personal Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci- fication refer to Terminology A 941. 4. Ordering Information 4.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately: 4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths), 4.1.2 Name of material (ferritic/austenitic steel pipe), 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products. Current edition approved Apr. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A 790/A 790M – 02a. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- cation SA–790 in Section II of that Code. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. 6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 7 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 8 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. 9 Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518. 1 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. 4.1.3 Process (seamless or welded), 4.1.4 Grade (see Table 1), 4.1.5 Size (NPS designator or outside diameter and sched- ule number of average wall thickness), 4.1.6 Length (specific or random) (see Section 11), 4.1.7 End finish (section on ends of Specification A 999/ A 999M), 4.1.8 Optional requirements (product analysis, Section 9; hydrostatic test or nondestructive electric test, Section 14), 4.1.9 Test report required (section on certification of Speci- fication A 999/A 999M), 4.1.10 Specification designation, and 4.1.11 Special requirements and any supplementary require- ments selected. 5. General Requirements 5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con- form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A 999/A 999M unless otherwise provided herein. 6. Materials and Manufacture 6.1 Manufacture: 6.1.1 The pipe shall be made by the seamless or an automatic welding process, with no addition of filler metal in the welding operation. 6.1.2 At the manufacturer’s option, pipe may be either hot-finished or cold-finished. 6.1.3 The pipe shall be pickled free of scale. When bright annealing is used, pickling is not necessary. 6.2 Discard—A sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation. 6.3 All pipe shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition as shown in Table 1. For seamless pipe, as an alternate to final heat treatment in a continuous furnace or batch-type furnace, immediately following hot forming while the temperature of the pipes is not less than the specified minimum solution treatment temperature, pipes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means. 7. Chemical Composition 7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements as prescribed in Table 2. 8. Heat Analysis 8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of the ele- ments specified. 9. Product Analysis 9.1 At the request of the purchaser’s inspector, an analysis of one billet or one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat, or two pipes from each lot, shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipe shall consist of the following number of lengths of the same size and wall thickness from any one heat of steel: NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in Lot Under 2 400 or fraction thereof 2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof 6 and over 100 or fraction thereof 9.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s representative and shall conform to the requirements specified in Section 7. 9.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 or 9.1 does not conform to the requirements specified in Section 7, an analysis of each billet or pipe from the same heat or lot may be made, and all billets or pipe conforming to the requirements shall be accepted. 10. Tensile and Hardness Properties 10.1 The material shall conform to the tensile and hardness properties prescribed in Table 3. 11. Lengths 11.1 Pipe lengths shall be in accordance with the following regular practice: 11.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, all sizes from NPS 1⁄8 to and including NPS 8 are available in a length up to 24 ft (see Note 2) with the permissible range of 15 to 24 ft (see Note 2). Short lengths are acceptable and the number and minimum length shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. NOTE 2—This value applies when the inch-pound designation of this specification is the basis of purchase. When the M designation of this specification is the basis of purchase, the corresponding metric value(s) shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. 11.1.2 If definite cut lengths are desired, the lengths re- quired shall be specified in the order. No pipe shall be less than the specified length and no more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] over it. TABLE 1 Heat Treatment UNS Designation Temperature Quench S31803 1870–2010°F [1020–1100°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S32205 1870–2010°F [1020–1100°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S31500 1800–1900°F [980–1040°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S31200 1920–2010°F [1050–1100°C] Rapid cooling in water S32550 1900°F [1040°C] min Rapid cooling in air or water S31260 1870–2010°F [1020–1100°C] Rapid cooling in water S32304 1700–1920°F [925–1050°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S39274 1920–2060°F [1025–1125°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S32750 1880–2060°F [1025–1125°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S32760 2010–2085°F [1100–1140°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S32900 1700–1750°F [925–955°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S32950 1820–1880°F [990–1025°C] Air cool S39277 1975–2155°F [1080–1180°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S32520 1975–2050°F [1080–1120°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S32906 1900–1980°F [1040–1080°C] Rapid cooling in air or water S32003 1850–2050°F [1010–1120°C] Rapid cooling in air or water A 790/A 790M – 03 2 11.1.3 No jointers are permitted unless otherwise specified. 12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 12.1 The finished pipes shall be reasonably straight and shall have a workmanlike finish. Imperfections may be re- moved by grinding, provided the wall thicknesses are not decreased to less than that permitted, in the Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness Section of Specification A 999/ A 999M. 13. Mechanical Tests Required 13.1 Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test—One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 100 pipes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from 2 pipes for lots of more than 100 pipes. NOTE 3—The term lot for mechanical tests applies to all pipe of the same nominal size and wall thickness (or schedule) that is produced from the same heat of steel and subjected to the same finishing treatment (1) in a continuous heat treatment furnace, or (2) in a batch-type heat-treatment furnace equipped with recording pyrometers and automatically controlled within a 50°F [30°C] range, the larger of (a) each 200 ft [60 m] or fraction thereof or (b) that pipe heat treated in the same batch furnace charge. 13.2 Flattening Test—For material heat treated in a batch- type furnace, flattening tests shall be made on 5 % of the pipe from each heat-treated lot. For material heat treated by the continuous process, this test shall be made on a sufficient number of pipes to constitute 5 % of the lot, but in no case less than two lengths of pipe. 13.2.1 For welded pipe with a diameter equal to or exceed- ing NPS 10, a transverse guided face bend test of the weld may be conducted instead of a flattening test in accordance with the method outlined in the steel tubular product supplement of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The ductility of the weld shall be considered acceptable when there is no evidence of cracks in the weld or between the weld and the base metal after bending. Test specimens from 5 % of the lot shall be taken from the pipes or test plates of the same material as the pipe, the test plates being attached to the end of the cylinder and welded as a prolongation of the pipe longitudinal seam. 13.3 Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two pipes from each lot (see Note 3). 14. Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test 14.1 Each pipe shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements UNS Designa- tionA C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo N Cu Others S31803 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.030 max 0.020 max 1.00 max 4.5–6.5 21.0–23.0 2.5–3.5 0.08–0.20 . . . . . . S32205 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.030 max 0.020 max 1.00 max 4.5–6.5 22.0–23.0 3.0–3.5 0.14–0.20 . . . . . . S31500 0.030 max 1.20–2.00 0.030 max 0.030 max 1.40–2.00 4.2–5.2 18.0–19.0 2.50–3.00 0.05–0.10 . . . . . . S32550 0.04 max 1.50 max 0.040 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 4.5–6.5 24.0–27.0 2.9–3.9 0.10–0.25 1.50–2.50 . . . S31200 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 5.5–6.5 24.0–26.0 1.20–2.00 0.14–0.20 . . . . . . S31260 0.030 max 1.00 max 0.030 max 0.030 max 0.75 max 5.5–7.5 24.0–26.0 2.5–3.5 0.10–0.30 0.20–0.80 W 0.10–0.50 S32304 0.030 max 2.50 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 1.00 max 3.0–5.5 21.5–24.5 0.05–0.60 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.60 . . . S39274 0.030 max 1.00 max 0.030 max 0.020 max 0.80 max 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 2.5–3.5 0.24–0.32 0.20–0.80 W 1.50–2.50 S32750 0.030 max 1.20 max 0.035 max 0.020 max 0.80 max 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–5.0 0.24–0.32 0.5 max . . . S32760 0.05 max 1.00 max 0.030 max 0.010 max 1.00 max 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–4.0 0.20–0.30 0.50–1.00 W 0.50–1.00 40 minB S32900 0.08 max 1.00 max 0.040 max 0.030 max 0.75 max 2.5–5.0 23.0–28.0 1.00–2.00 . . . . . . . . . S32950 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.035 max 0.010 max 0.60 max 3.5–5.2 26.0–29.0 1.00–2.50 0.15–0.35 . . . . . . S39277 0.025 max 0.80 max 0.025 max 0.002 max 0.80 max 6.5–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–4.0 0.23–0.33 1.20–2.00 W 0.8–1.2 S32520 0.030 max 1.5 max 0.035 max 0.020 max 0.80 max 5.5–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–5.0 0.20–0.35 0.5–3.00 . . . S32906 0.030 max 1.50 max 0.80 min 0.030 max 0.030 max 0.050 max 7.5 max 5.8 min 30.0 max 28.0 min 2.60 max 1.50 min 0.40 max 0.30 min 0.80 max . . . . . . . . . S32003 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.030 max 0.020 max 1.00 max 3.0-4.0 19.5-22.5 1.50-2.00 0.14-0.20 . . . . . . A New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J1086. B % Cr + 3.3 3 % Mo + 16 3 % N. TABLE 3 Tensile and Hardness Requirements UNS Designation Tensile Strength, min, ksi [MPa] Yield Strength, min, ksi [MPa] Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % Hardness, max Brinell HRC S31803 90 [620] 65 [450] 25 290 30 S32205 90 [620] 65 [450] 25 290 30 S31500 92 [630] 64 [440] 30 290 30 S32550 110 [760] 80 [550] 15 297 31 S31200 100 [690] 65 [450] 25 280 . . . S31260A 100 [690] 65 [450] 25 . . . . . . S32304 87 [600] 58 [400] 25 290 30 S39274 116 [800] 80 [550] 15 310 . . . S32750 116 [800] 80 [550] 15 300 32 S32760 109–130 [750–895] 80 [550] 25 270 . . . S32900 90 [620] 70 [485] 20 271 28 S32950B 100 [690] 70 [480] 20 290 30 S39277 120 [825] 90 [620] 25 290 30 S32520 112 [770] 80 [550] 25 310 . . . S32906 Wall below 0.40 in. (10 mm) 116 [800] 94 [650] 25 300 32 Wall 0.40 in. (10 mm) and above 109 [750] 80 [550] 25 300 32 S32003 90 [620] 65 [450] 25 290 30 A Prior to A 790/A 790M – 87, the values for S31260 were: 92 ksi tensile strength, 54 ksi yield strength, and 30 % elongation. B Prior to A 790/A 790M – 89, the tensile strength value was 90 ksi for UNS S32950. A 790/A 790M – 03 3 Administrator 线条 Administrator 文本框 S2507 shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order. 14.2 The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance with Speci- fication A 999/A 999M, except that the value for S to be used in the calculation of the hydrostatic test pressure shall be equal to 50 % of the specified minimum yield strength of the pipe. 14.3 Nondestructive Electric Test: Nondestructive electric tests shall be in accordance with Practice E 213 or E 309. 14.3.1 As an alternative to the hydrostatic test, and when specified by the purchaser, each pipe shall be examined with a nondestructive test in accordance with Practice E 213 or E 309. Unless specifically called out by the purchaser, the selection of the nondestructive electric test will be at the option of the manufacturer. The range of pipe sizes that may be examined by each method shall be subject to the limitations in the scope of the respective practices. 14.3.1.1 The following information is for the benefit of the user of this specification: 14.3.1.2 The reference standards defined in 14.3.1.3- 14.3.1.5 are convenient standards for calibration of nondestruc- tive testing equipment. The dimensions of these standards should not be construed as the minimum size imperfection detectable by such equipment. 14.3.1.3 The ultrasonic testing (UT) can be performed to detect both longitudinally and circumferentially oriented de- fects. It should be recognized that different techniques should be employed to detect differently oriented imperfections. The examination may not detect short, deep, defects. 14.3.1.4 The eddy-current testing (ET) referenced in this specification (see Practice E 426) has the capability of detect- ing significant discontinuities, especially the short abrupt type. 14.3.1.5 A purchaser interested in ascertaining the nature (type, size, location, and orientation) of discontinuities that can be detected in the specific application of these examinations should discuss this with the manufacturer of the tubular product. 14.4 Time of Examination—Nondestructive testing for specification acceptance shall be performed after all mechani- cal processing, heat treatments, and straightening operations. This requirement does not preclude additional testing at earlier stages in the processing. 14.5 Surface Condition: 14.5.1 All surfaces shall be free of scale, dirt, grease, paint, or other foreign material that could interfere with interpretation of test results. The methods used for cleaning and preparing the surfaces for examination shall not be detrimental to the base metal or the surface finish. 14.5.2 Excessive surface roughness or deep scratches can produce signals that interfere with the test. 14.6 Extent of Examination: 14.6.1 The relative motion of the pipe and the transducer(s), coil(s), or sensor(s) shall be such that the entire pipe surface is scanned, except as in 14.6.2. 14.6.2 The existence of end effects is recognized and the extent of such effects shall be determined by the manufacturer and, if requested, shall be reported to the purchaser. Other nondestructive tests may be applied to the end areas, subject to agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 14.7 Operator Qualifications—The test unit operator shall be certified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A, or an equivalent recognized and documented standard. 14.8 Test Conditions: 14.8.1 For eddy-current testing, the excitation coil fre- quency shall be chosen to ensure adequate penetration yet provide good signal-to-noise ratio. 14.8.2 The maximum eddy-current coil frequency used shall be as follows: On specified walls up to 0.050 in.—100 KHz max On specified walls up to 0.150 in.—50 KHz max On specified walls over 0.150 in.—10 KHz max 14.8.3 Ultrasonic—For examination by the ultrasonic method, the minimum nominal transducer frequency shall be 2.00 MHz and the maximum nominal transducer size shall be 1.5 in. If the equipment contains a reject notice filter setting, this shall remain off during calibration and testing unless linearity can be demonstrated at that setting. 14.9 Reference Standards—Reference standards of conve- nient length shall be prepared from a length of pipe of the same grade, size (NPS, or outside diameter and schedule or wall thickness), surface finish and heat treatment condition as the pipe to be examined. 14.9.1 For Ultrasonic Testing, the reference ID and OD notches shall be any one of the three common notch shapes shown in Practice E 213, at the option of the manufacturer. The depth of each notch shall not exceed 12 1⁄2 % of the specified nominal wall thickness of the pipe or 0.004 in., whichever is greater. The width of the notch shall not exceed twice the depth. Notches shall be placed on both the OD and ID surfaces. 14.9.2 Fo