2019.12大学英语六级真题第3套

2019年12月英语六级考试试题第3套PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)�L<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<���%=�IJi�a���A�*����*���n�"'..)>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>,�m=��n���m-��m=���-���PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thenumberofdevicesyoucantalktoismultiplying-firstitwasyourphone,thenyourcar,andnowyoucantellyourkitchenapplianceswhattodo.Butevenwithoutgadgetsthatunderstandourspokencommands,researchsuggeststhat,asbizarreasitsounds,undercertain26,peopleregularlyascribehumantraitstoeverydayobjects.Sometimesweseethingsashumanbecauseweare27.Inoneexperiment,peoplewhoreportedfeelingisolatedweremorelikelythanotherstoattribute28tovariousgadgets.Intum,feelingclosetoobjectscan29loneliness.Whencollegestudentswereremindedofatimetheyhadbeen30inasocialsetting,theycompensatedbyexaggeratingtheirnumberoffriends-unlesstheywerefirstgiventasksthatcausedthemtointeractwiththeirphoneasifithadhumanqualities.Accordingtotheresearchers,theparticipants'phones31substitutedforrealfriends.Atothertimes,wepersonifyproductsinanefforttounderstandthem.Onestudyfoundthatthreeinfourrespondentsyelledattheircomputer.Further,themoretheircomputergavethemproblems,themorelikelytherespondentsweretoreportthatithaditsown"beliefsand32Sohowdopeopleassigntraitstoanobject?Inpart,werelyonlooks.Onhumans,widefacesare33withdominance.Similarly,peopleratedcars,clocks,andwatcheswithwidefacesasmoredominant-lookingthannarrow-facedones,andpreferredthem-especiallyin34situations.AnanalysisofcarsalesinGermanyfoundthatcarswithgrilles(ctt,#JJt)thatwereupturnedlikesmilessoldbest.Thepurchaserssawthis35asincreasingacar'sfriendliness.第1／9页A)alleviateI)desiresB)apparentlyJ)excludedC)arrogantK)featureD)associatedL)lonelyE)circumstancesM)separateF)competitiveN)spectacularlyG)conceded0)warrantH)consc10usnessSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhyMoreFarmersAreMakingTheSwitchtoGrass-FedMeatandDairy[A]Thoughhedidn'tcomefromafarmingfamily,fromayoungageTimJosephwasfascinatedbytheideaoflivingofftheland.ReadingmagazineslikeTheStockmanGrassFarmerandGraze,hegothookedontheideaofgrass-fedagriculture.Theideathatallenergyandwealthcomesfromthesunreallyintriguedhim.Hethoughttheshorterthedistancebetweenthesunandtheendproduct,thehighertheprofittothefarmer.[B]Josephwantedtoputthistheorytothetest.In2009,heandhiswifeLauralaunchedMapleHillCreamery,anorganic,allgrass-fedyogurtcompanyinnorthernNewYork.Hequicklylearnedwhatthemarkethasdemonstrated:Demandforgrass-fedproductscurrentlyexceedssupply.Grass-fedbeefisenjoyinga25-30%annualgrowthrate.Salesofgrass-fedyogurtandkefir(��JUkJ'�),ontheotherhand,haveinthelastyearincreasedbyover38%.Thisisincomparisonwithadropofjustunder1%inthetotalyogurtandkefirmarket,accordingtonaturalandorganicmarketresearchcompanySPINS.Joseph'stopprioritybecamegettinghishandsonenoughgrass-fedmilktokeepcustomerssatisfied,sincehisown64-cowherdwasn'tgoingtosuffice.[C]HisfirstpartnershipwaswithPaulandPhyllisAmburgh,ownersoftheDharmaLeafarminNewYork.TheAmburghs,too,weretruebelieversingrass-fed.Inadditiontosupplyingmilkfromtheirown85-headherd,theybegantohelpotherfarmersintheareaconvertfromconventionaltocertifiedorganicandgrass-fedinordertoentertheMapleHillsupplychain.第2／9页Since2010,thecouplehashelped125smalldairyfarmsconverttograss-fed,withmorethan80%ofthosefarmscorningonboardduringthelasttwoyears.[D]AllthisconversionhashelpedMapleHillgrow40-50%everyyearsinceitbegan,withnoendinsight.Josephhaslearnedthatafarmerhastohaveacertainmindsettosuccessfullyconvert.Butconvincingopen-mindeddairypeopleisactuallynotthathard,whenyoulookattheeconomics.Grass-fedmilkcanfetchup2.5timesthepriceofconventionalmilk.Anotherfactoristhesqueezethatconventionaldairyfarmershavefeltasthepriceofgraintheyfeedtheircowshasgoneup,tighteningtheirprofitmargins.Byreplacingexpensivegrainfeedwithregenerativemanagementpractices,grass-fedfarmersareinsulatedfromjumpsinthepriceoffeed.Thesepracticesincludegrazinganimalsongrassesgrownfromthepastureland'snaturalseedbank,andfertilizedbythecows'ownfertilizer.[E]Championsofthistypeofregenerativegrazingalsopointtoitsanimalwelfare,climateandhealthbenefits:Grass-fedanimalslivelongeroutofconfinement.Grazingherdsstimulatemicrobial(,{;ft±4hal.])activityinthesoil,helpingtocapturewaterandseparatecarbon.Andgrass-feddairyandmeathavebeenshowntobehigherincertainnutrientsandhealthyfats.[F]Inthegrassfedsystem,farmersarealsonotsubjecttothewildlyfluctuatingmilkpricesoftheinternationalcommoditymarket.Theunpredictabilityofglobaldemandandthelag-timeittakestoaddmorecowstoaherdtomeetdemandcanresultineventsliketherecentcheesesurplus.Goinggrass-fedisasaferefuge,awayforfamily-scalefarmstostayviable.Usuallyafarmerwillgettothepointwherefinancially,whatthey'redoingisnotworking.That'swhentheycallMapleHill.Ifthefarmiswellmanagedandhasenoughland,andthedesiretoconvertissincere,arelationshipcanbegin.Throughregularregionaleducationalmeetings,alargeannualmeeting,individualfarmvisitsandthousandsofphonecalls,theAmburghspassontheprinciplesofpasturemanagement.MapleHillsignsacontractpledgingtobuythefarmer'smilkataguaranteedbaseprice,plusqualitypremiumsandincentivesforhigherprotein,butter-fatandothersolids.[G]WhileMapleHill'sconversionprogramisunusuallyhands-onandcomprehensive,it'sjustoneofagrowingnumberofbusinessescommittedtoslowlychangingthewayAmericafarms.Josephcallssharinghisknowledgenetworkthroughpeer-to-peerlearningacorepieceofthecompany'sculture.Lastsummer,Massachusettsgrass-fedbeefadvocateJohnSmithlaunchedBigPictureBeef,anetworkofsmallgrass-fedbeeffarmsinNewEnglandandNewYorkthatisprojectedtobringtomarket2,500headofcattlefrom125producersthisyear.EarlyindicationsarethatSmithwillhavenoshortageoffarmmembers.Sincehebegantoinformallyannouncethenetworkatfarmingconferencesandonsocialmedia,he'sreceivedasteadystreamofinquiriesfrominterestedfarmers.第3／9页[HJSmithsayshe'llprovideservicesrangingfromformalseminarstoon-farmworkshopsonholistic(�,ff..a!])management,toone-on-onehand-holdingandanalmost24/7phonehotlineforfarmerswhoareconverting.Inexchange,heguaranteesanabove-marketpriceforeachanimalandacalf-to-customerelectroniceartagIDsystemlikethatusedintheEuropeanUnion.[I]Thoughadvocatesportraygrassfedproductsasawin-winsituationforall,theydohavedownsides.Price,forone,isanissue.Josephsayshisproductsarepriced10-20%aboveorganicversions,butdependingontheproductchosen,comparedtonon-organicconventionalyogurt,consumerscouldpayapremiumof30-50%ormoreforgrass-fed.Asforthemeat,Smithsayshisgrass-fedhamburgerwillbepriced20-25%overtheconventionalalternative.ButalookatthepricesononlinegrocerFreshDirectsuggestsagrass-fedpremiumofanywherefrom35-60%.[J]Andnoteveryfarmerhastheoptionofgoinggrass-fed.Forbothbeefanddairyproductionitrequires,atleastinthebeginning,morepastureland.Grass-fedbeefproductiontendstobemorelabor-intensiveaswell.ButSmithcountersthatifyoufactorinthehiddencostofgovernmentcornsubsidies,environmentdegradation,anddecreasedhumanheathandanimalwelfare,grass­fedisthemorecost-effectivemodel."Thesunprovidesthelowestcostofproductionandthecheapestmeat,"hesays.[K]Anothergrass-fedboosterspurringfarmerstoconvertisEPIC,whichmakesmeat-basedproteinbars.FoundersTaylorCollinsandhiswife,KatieForrest,usedtobeenduranceathletes;nowthey'readvocatesofgrass-fedmeat.SoonafterlaunchingEPIC'smostsuccessfulproduct-theBisonBaconCranberryBar-CollinsandForrestfoundthey'dexhaustedtheirsourcesforbison(�t-kJf4)raisedexclusivelyonpasture.Whentheystartedresearchingthesupplychain,theylearnedthatonly2-3%ofallbisonisactuallygrass-fed.Therestisfeed-lotconfinedandfedgrainandcorn.[L]ButafterGeneralMillsboughtEPICin2016,CollinsandForrestsuddenlyhadtheresourcestheyneededtoexpandtheirsupplychain.SothecompanyteamedupwithWisconsin-basedrancherNorthstarBison.EPICfrontedthemoneyforthepurchaseof$2.5millionworthofyoungbisonthatwillberaisedaccordingtoitsgrass-fedprotocols,withaguaranteedpurchaseprice.Themessagetoyoungpeoplewhomightnototherwisebeabletoaffordtobreakintothebusinessis,"'Youcanpurchasethis$3millionpieceoflandhere,becauseI'mguaranteeingyoutodayyou'llhave1,000bisononit.'We'rebringingnewbloodintotheold,conventionalfarmingecosystem,whichisreallycooltosee,"Collinsexplains.36.Farmersgoinggrass-fedarenotaffectedbytheever-changingmilkpricesoftheglobalmarket.37.Overtheyears,TimJoseph'spartnershavehelpedmanydairyfarmerstoswitchtograss-fed.第4／9页38.Oneadvocatebelievesthatmanyotherbenefitsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenweassessthecost-effectivenessofgrass-fedfarming.39.Manydairyfarmerswerepersuadedtoswitchtograss-fedwhentheysawitsadvantageintermsofprofits.40.TimJoseph'sgrass-fedprogramisonlyoneexampleofhowAmericanfarmingpracticeischanging.41.TimJosephwasfascinatedbythenotionthatsunlightbringsenergyandwealthtomankind.42.Oneproblemwithgrass-fedproductsisthattheyareusuallymoreexpensivethanconventionalones.43.Grassfedproductshaveprovedtobehealthierandmorenutritious.44.WhenTimJosephstartedhisbusiness,hefoundgrass-fedproductsfellshortofdemand.45.Asnackbarproducerdiscoveredthatthesupplyofpurelygrass-fedbisonmeatwasscarce.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Schoolsarenotjustamicrocosm(�JJ)ofsociety;theymediateittoo.Thebestseektoalleviatetheexternalpressuresontheirpupilswhileequippingthembettertounderstandandhandletheworldoutside-atonceshelteringthemandbroadeningtheirhorizons.Thisisambitiousinanycircumstances,andinadividedandunequalsocietythetwoidealscanclashoutright(..tAiJ-tk.).Tripsthatmanyadultswouldconsidertheadventureofalifetime-treksinBorneo,asportstourtoBarbados-appeartohavebecomealmostroutineatsomestateschools.Parentsarebeingaskedforthousandsofpounds.Thoughschoolscannotprofitfromthesetrips,thecompaniesthatarrangethemdo.Meanwhile,pupilsarriveatschoolhungrybecausetheirfamiliescan'taffordbreakfast.TheChildPovertyActionGroupsaysnineoutof30ineveryclassroomfallbelowthepovertyline.Thediscrepancyisstartlinglyapparent.Introducingafundraisingrequirementforstudentsdoesnothelp,asbetter-offchildrencantapupricherauntsandneighbours.ProbingtherockpoolsofalocalbeachorpractisingFrenchonalanguageexchangecanfire第5／9页children'spassions,boosttheirskillsandopentheireyestolife'spossibilities.EducationaloutingshelpbrightbutdisadvantagedstudentstogetbetterscoresinA-leveltests.Inthisglobalisedage,thereisagoodcaseforinternationaltravel,andsomeparentssaytheycanmanagethecostofaschooltripabroadmoreeasilythanafamilyholiday.Eveninthefaceofimmenseandmountingfinancialpressures,someschoolshaveshownremarkabledeterminationandingenuityinensuringthatalltheirpupilsareabletotakeupopportunitiesthatmaybetrulylife-changing.Theyshouldbeapplauded.Methodssuchaswhole-schoolfundraising,withtheproceeds(��A)pooled,canhelptoextendopportunitiesandfuelcommunityspirit.But£3,000tripscannotbejustifiedwhentheaverageincomeforfamilieswithchildrenisjustover£30,000.Suchinitiativesclosedoorsformanypupils.Someparentspulltheirchildrenoutofschoolbecauseofexpensivefieldtrips.Evenparentswhocanseethatatripislittlemorethanapartyorcelebrationmaywellfeelguiltthattheirchildisleftbehind.TheDepartmentforEducation'sguidancesaysschoolscanchargeonlyforboardandlodgingifthetripispartofthesyllabus,andthatstudentsreceivinggovernmentaidareexemptfromthesecosts.However,manyschoolsseemtoignoretheadvice;anditdoesnotcoverthekindofglamorous,exotictrips,whicharebecomingincreasinglycommon.Schoolscannotbeexpectedtobringtogethercommunitiessingle-handed.Buttheleastweshouldexpectisthattheydonotfosterdivisionsandexcludethosewhoarealreadydisadvantaged.46.Whatdoestheauthorsaybestschoolsshoulddo?A)Preparestudentstobothchallengeandchangethedividedunequalsociety.B)Protectstudentsfromsocialpressuresandenablethemtofacetheworld.C)Motivatestudentstodeveloptheirphysicalaswellasintellectualabilities.D)Encouragestudentstobeambitiousandhelpthemtoachievetheirgoals.47.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutschoolfieldtrips?A)Theyenablestudentsfromdifferentbackgroundstomixwitheachother.B)Theywidenthegapbetweenprivilegedanddisadvantagedstudents.C)Theygivethedisadvantagedstudentsachancetoseetheworld.D)Theyonlybenefitstudentswithrichrelativesandneighbours.48.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestcanhelpbuildcommunityspirit?A)Eventsaimingtoimprovecommunityservices.B)Activitiesthathelptofuelstudents'ingenuity.C)Eventsthatrequiremutualunderstanding.D)Activitiesinvolvingallstudentsoncampus.49.Whatdowelearnaboutlow-incomeparentsregardingschoolfieldtrips?A)Theywanttheirchildrentoparticipateeventhoughtheydon'tseemuchbenefit.B)Theydon'twanttheirkidstoparticipatebutfindithardtokeepthemfromgoing.C)Theydon'twanttheirkidstomissanychancetobroadentheirhorizonsdespitethecost.第6／9页D)Theywanttheirchildrentoexperienceadventuresbuttheydon'twantthemtorunrisks.50.Whatistheauthor'sexpectationofschools?A)Bringingacommunitytogetherwithingenuity.B)Resolvingtheexistingdiscrepanciesinsociety.C)Avoidingcreatingnewgapsamongstudents.D)Givingpoorstudentspreferentialtreatment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Risingtemperaturesandoverfishinginthepristine(3f...�it��)watersaroundtheAntarcticcouldseekingpenguinpopulationspushedtothebrinkofextinctionbytheendofthecentury,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy'sreportstatesthatasglobalwarmingtransformstheenvironmentintheworld'slastgreatwilderness,70percentofkingpenguinscouldeitherdisappearorbeforcedtofindnewbreedinggrounds.Co-authorCelineLeBohec,fromtheUniversityofStrasbourginFrance,warned:"Ifthere'renoactionsaimedathaltingorcontrollingglobalwarming,andthepaceofthecurrenthuman-inducedchangessuchasclimatechangeandoverfishingstaysthesame,thespeciesmaysoondisappear."ThefindingscomeamidgrowingconcernoverthefutureoftheAntarctic.Earlierthismonthaseparatestudyfoundthatacombinationofclimatechangeandindustrialfishingisthreateningthekrill(��)populationinAntarcticwaters,withapotentiallydisastrousimpactonwhales,sealsandpenguins.Buttoday'sreportisthestarkestwarningyetofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactofclimatechangeandhumanexploitationontheAntarctic'sdelicateecosystems.LeBohecsaid:"Unlesscurrentgreenhousegasemissionsdrop,70percentofkingpenguins-1.1millionbreedingpairs-willbeforcedtorelocatetheirbreedinggrounds,orfaceextinctionby2100."Kingpenguinsarethesecond-largesttypeofpenguinandonlybreedonspecificisolatedislandsintheSouthernOceanwherethereisnoicecoverandeasyaccesstothesea.Astheoceanwarms,abodyofwatercalledtheAntarcticPolarFront-anupwardmovementofnutrient-richseathatsupportsahugeabundanceofmarinelife-isbeingpushedfurthersouth.Thismeansthatkingpenguins,whichfeedonfishandkrillinthisbodyofwater,havetotravelfurthertotheirfeedinggrounds,leavingtheirhungrychicksforlonger.Andasthedistancebetweentheirbreedinggroundsandtheirfoodgrows,entirecoloniescouldbewipedout.LeBohecsaid:"TheplightofthekingpenguinshouldserveasawarningaboutthefutureoftheentiremarineenvironmentintheAntarctic.Penguins,likeotherseabirdsandmarinemammals,occupyhigherlevelsinthefoodchainandtheyarewhatwecallbio-indicatorsoftheirecosystems."Penguinsaresensitiveindicatorsofchangesinmarineecosystems.Assuch,theyarekeyspeciesforunderstandingandpredictingimpactsofglobalchangeonAntarcticandsub-Antarcticmarineecosystems.Thereportfoundthatalthoughsomekingpenguinsmaybeabletorelocatetonewbreedinggroundsclosertotheirretreatingfoodsource,suitablenewhabitatswouldbescarce.OnlyahandfulofislandsintheSouthernOceanaresuitableforsustaininglargebreedingcolonies.第7／9页51.Whatwillhappenby2100,accordingtoanewstudy?A)KingpenguinsintheAntarcticwillbeonthevergeofdyingout.B)SeawaterwillrisetoamuchhigherlevelaroundtheAntarctic.C)ThemeltingicecoverwilldestroythegreatAntarcticwilderness.D)ThepristinewatersaroundtheAntarcticwilldisappearforever.52.Whatdowelearnfromthefindingsofaseparatestudy?A)ShrinkingkrillpopulationandrisingtemperaturescouldforceAntarcticwhalestomigrate.B)HumanactivitieshaveacceleratedclimatechangeintheAntarcticregioninrecentyears.C)IndustrialfishingandclimatechangecouldbefataltocertainAntarcticspecies.D)KrillfishingintheAntarctichasworsenedthepollutionofthepristinewaters.53.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutkingpenguins?A)Theywilltumouttobethesecond-largestspeciesofbirdstobecomeextinct.B)ManyofthemwillhavetomigratetoisolatedislandsintheSouthernOcean.C)TheyfeedprimarilyononlyafewkindsofkrillintheAntarcticPolarFront.D)Themajorityofthemmayhavetofindnewbreedinggroundsinthefuture.54.WhathappenswhensealevelsriseintheAntarctic?A)Manybabykingpenguinscan'thavefoodintime.B)Manykingpenguinscouldnolongerliveonkrill.C)Whaleswillinvadekingpenguins'breedinggrounds.D)Whaleswillhavetotravellongdistancestofindfood.55.WhatdowelearnabouttheSouthernOcean?A)Thekingpenguinstherearereluctanttoleavefornewbreedinggrounds.B)ItsconservationiskeytothesustainablepropagationofAntarcticspecies.C)Itismostlikelytobecometheultimateretreatforspecieslikethekingpenguin.D)Onlyafewofitsislandscanserveashugebreedinggroundsforkingpenguins.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.{i1f;tt(lotusflower)¾q:r00Ef9�:;ftz�,1*5¥:Jdi'J%�oq:rOOi"F$±-t!r:1rEt9ltAtSf01t!!:lftl53�1r{i1f;tt1:.-Ka{i1f;ft�%Mffi,](Bm'��JJ!x:,1�J!tf;fJif,;ftm-Kits1W--t-A,IN'31*§4H-t!!Ef9wt�1ruttx_m1;ta{i1f;{tJ'l.;;g$fift�,ff�re£fi��1t7](Im,XfiMHt�lzfil,�r:iJ�1tJk1m:,?mxYt��,i:!Jc�lfmO{rif;ft:ifl!Mf�Erm�-�'ili5�mj��'�AiE�iR'�ft'##ffl*ttrituAEf9�fi6&b1!'m*¾w:,,A.1ffi1%itl11:Ef9I�:®ItJa{i1f;tt�*Ef9:tt!r1r-m¾i"F$ffi��f:�:!ff2#:3'cJliJz:ttga第8／9页PartIWriting(30minutes)cit-=.FiE�,t�J§=!f.,J,a.t�Jil*Jx3�$�,z.J§�il!fru1r:n�i.it)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofhavingasenseofcommunityresponsibility.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.第9／9页