综合教程5-1 何兆熊

TheFourthofJulyByAudreLorde.DiscussionofParagraphOne1.Whenandwheredidthewriter'sfamilygoforavisit?Thewriter'sfamilywenttoWashingtonD.C.atthebeginningofthesummerwhenthewritergraduatedfromtheeighthgradeandhereldersisterfromhighschool..2.WhydidthefamilygoonaFourthofJulytrip?ThefamilywentonaFourthofJulytripfortworeasons.Themainreasonwasthatthewriterandhersisterhadjustgraduatedfromschoolandthetripwastakenasaneventtomarktheirgraduationandregardedastheirgraduationpresent.TheotherreasonwasthattheFourthofJulyistheNationalDayintheUSA,thedayonwhichAmericawonindependenceandfreedom.Asawayofcelebration,mostAmericanswilltaketripstovariousplaces..AnalysisofParagraphOneThefirstparagraphpresentsthebackgroundinformation,whichtellsusthecircumstancesunderwhichtheauthor'sfamilyweregoingtotaketheWashingtontripandwhy..LanguageWorksuppose:believe,acceptastrue;pretendthatsth.istrue;takesth.asafacte.g.:(1)Idon'tsupposeforaminutethathewillagree.(2)Everyonesupposeshimtobepoor,butheisinfactverywealthy.(3)Supposethatyouhadamillionpounds--Howwouldyouspendit?.besupposedtodosth.:beexpectedorrequiredtodosth.e.g.:(1)AmIsupposedtocleanalltheroomsorjustthisone?(2)YouaresupposedtopaythebillbyFriday.(3)Youarenotsupposedtoplayfootballintheclassroom.(4)Studentsarenotsupposedtowhisperortalkwhiletheteacherislecturing..fabled:famousinfables;legendarye.g.:(1)Therearesomefabledcitiesinthatsmallcountry.(2)ThescientistwenttoinvestigateaboutthefabledfishinLakeKanas.(3)Thedesertedhouseisfabledtohavebeeninhabitedbyghosts..DiscussionofParagraphTwo-Six1.WhyhadthefamilyalwaysgoneonthemilktrainwhentheyusedtogototheConnecticutshore?Becausethemilktrainwascheaper.Thefactthatthefamilyhadalwaystraveledonthecheapmilktrainimpliesthatthefamilywasratherpoor..2.WhydidthewritersaythatherfirsttriptoWashingtonD.C.wasamobilefeast?BecausethewriterstartedeatingassoonastheywereensconcedintheirseatsonthetrainandshedidnotstopeatinguntilsomewhereafterPhiladelphia..3.Givealistofthedifferentfoodsthewriter'smotherhadpreparedandpacked.Thewriter'smotherhadroastedtwochickensandpackedslicesofbrownbreadandbutterandgreenpepperandcarrotsticks.Therewereicedcakeswithscallopededges,aspicebunandrockcakes,icedteainawrappedmayonnaisejar,sweetpickles,dillpickles,andpeacheswiththefuzzstillonthem..4.Whydidthewriter'smotherprepareavarietyoffoodsforthetrip?Therewereprobablytworeasons.Ontheonehand,bytakingavarietyoffoodwiththemonthetrip,thefamilymemberscouldsavesomemoney,fordiningcarfoodwastooexpensive.Ontheotherhand,asblackpeople,theywerenotallowedintorailroaddiningcarsatthattime..5.Whyhadthewriter'seldersisterbeenpreventedfromgoingtoWashingtonD.C.withherhighschoolclassmates?BecauseshewasblackandallherclassmateswerewhiteandtheywouldbestayinginahotelwhichdidnotrentroomstoNegroes..LanguageWorkmilktrain:atrainthatchieflycarriesmilk,usu.veryearlyinthemorningintheair:inthesky;prevalent;gainingcurrency;notdecided,indefinite.feast:anunusuallylargeorelaboratemeal;盛宴，(fig.)sth.thatpleasesthemindorthesenseswithitsrichnessorvariety;areligiousfestivalcelebratedwithrejoicing.e.g.:immovablefeast固定的（宗教）节日Thefoodonthetableisactuallyafeastforeyesaswellasforpalate（味觉）.（餐桌上的食物不仅赏心悦目，而且味道不错。）Thepictureisafeastofcolors.Themelodyisararefeast.ensconcevt.(esp.passive)establishorsettleoneselforsb.inasafeandcomfortableplacee.g.:(1)Atnightinwinter,theyoungcouplearehappilyensconcedbythefire,eachreadingagoodbook.(2)WehaveensconcedourselvesinthemostbeautifulvillaintheSouthofFrance.(3)Assoonashewasensconcedinthesofa,hefellintoadeepslumber..daintyadj.(ofthings)smallandpretty;(ofpeople)neatanddelicateinbuildormovement;fastidiousesp.aboutfood.（娇美的）e.g.:(1)Thebowlsareallmadeofdaintyporcelain.(2)Sheisadaintygirl,butsheisverycapable.(3)Mrs.Smithisverydaintyaboutfood..scallopvt.decoratewitharowofcurvesforminganedgeorpatternonpastry（油酥面点，各式烘烤糕点）,etc.e.g.:(1)Theydecoratedthecakewithscallopededges.(2)Hisparentshadscallopedhisbirthdaycake..marigoldn.anyofvarioustypesofagardenplantwithorangeoryellowflowers(金盏花；金盏菊；万寿菊)e.g.:(1)Thegardenisverybeautifulwithsomanymarigoldsinfullbloom.(2)Hisbirthdaycakewasscallopedwithmarigolds..rock-caken.asmallcurrantcakewithahardroughcrust岩皮饼(一种 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面粗硬的小甜饼)mayonnaisejaracontainerusedtoholdthickcreamysaucemadeofegg-yolks,oilandvinegar,usedesp.oncoldfoodssuchassalads;dishmadewiththis.(蛋黄酱)e.g.:Eggnogismadewithmayonnaiseandhard-boiledeggs..picklen.food,esp.marinatedvegetables,i.e.,vegetablespreservedinvinegarorsaltwater;particularvegetablespreservedthisway.（腌菜，泡菜）e.g.(1)Ilikeredcabbagepickle.(2)Hishometown,Yangzhou,isfamousforpickles.dilln.aherbwithscentedleavesandseedsusedforflavoringpickles(莳萝，小茴香).fuzzn.fluff;fluffyorfrizzledhair;short,finehairthatsticksup，coat.e.g(1)Apeachskiniscoveredwithfuzz.(2)Hischestiscoveredwithfuzz.glycerinen.athicksweetcolorlessliquidmadefromfatsandoilsusedinmedicines,toiletproductsandexplosives(甘油；丙三醇).bruisen.aninjurycausedbyabloworknocktothebodyortoafruit,discoloringtheskinbutnotbreakingite.g.:(1)Hewascoveredinbruisesafterfallingoffhisbicycle.(2)Theyoungmanhadafewcutsandbruisesbutnothingserious.v.causeabruiseorbruisesonsth.;showtheeffectofabloworknocke.g.:(1)Hefellandbruisedhislegs.(2)Herfacewasbadlybruisedinthecrash.(3)Peachesbruiseeasily..fortheumpteenthtimefornumeroustimes;forcountlesstimes,无数次e.g.:(1)Fortheumpteenthtime,ItellyouIdon'tknow.(2)Thethiefstolemobilephonesfortheumpteenthtime.umpteen.(infml)numerous,toomanytocounte.g.:(1)Umpteenofthemleft.(2)Shehadumpteenreasonsforbeinglate..inprivate:withnooneelsepresente.g.(1)Sheaskedtoseehiminprivate.(2)Themanagerwantedtotalktoherinprivate.avowvt.(fml)admit;declaresth.openly;statefirmlyandopenlye.g.(1)Heavowedhisbelief,faithandconvictionattheconference.(2)Sheavowedherselftobeagenerouswoman,butinfactshewasn't..overnightadv.&adj.duringorforthenight;suddenlyorveryquicklye.g.(1)Hestayedovernightatafriend'shouse.(2)Shebecameacelebrityovernight.(3)TheyhadanovernightstopinRome.(4)Itwasanovernightsuccess.measlyadj.ridiculouslysmallinsize,amountandvaluee.g.(1)Hegaveusmeaslylittleportionsofthecake.(2)Whatameaslybirthdaypresent!.SentenceUnderstandingInfact,myfirsttriptoWashingtonwasamobilefeast.Actually,myfirsttriptoWashingtonwasawonderfulorelaboratemealthatweenjoyedinthechuggingtrain.Indeed,myfirsttriptoWashingtonwaslikeaverypleasantorveryagreeablefeast,becauseIstartedeatingassoonaswewerecomfortablysettledinourseatsanddidnotstopuntilsomewhereafterPhiladelphia..AnalysisofParagraph2-6Thispartmainlytellsthereadersthepreparationsmadeforthetrip,inparticular,thelargeamountandvarietyoffoodtheauthor'smotherhadpreparedforthefamily,whichactuallyturnedtheirfirsttriponapassengertraintoWashingtonintoarealmobilefeast.Partofthereasonfordoingsowasthathermotherknewonlytoowellthatitwouldbeanunpleasantexperienceiftheyshouldgotoeatinthediningcar.Apreviouseventwasrelatedinthe6thparagraph,revealingthereasonwhytheauthor'ssisterPhyllishadnotbeenabletogotoWashingtontogetherwithherclassmates..Westilltakeamong-youtoWashington?Wewillstilltakeyou,allthreeofyou,toWashington?among-you:yourkind;youinagroupnotjustforanovernightinsomemeaslyfleabaghotelnotmerelystayingforonenightinasmall,lousyhotelThewordovernightisusuallyanadverboradjective,meaningfororduringthenight;however,itisusedasanoun,whichisveryrare,meaninganovernightstay..DiscussionofParagraphs7~17WhydidthewriterspendthewholenextdayafterMasssquintingupattheLincolnMemorial?AndwhyhadMarianAndersonsungattheLincolnMemorialaftertheD.A.R.refusedtoallowhertosingintheirauditoriumbecauseshewasBlack?.BoththewriterandMarianAndersonareblack.ThewriterspentthewholenextdayafterMasssquintingupattheLincolnMemorialbecauseitwasLincoln,theAmericanPresident,wholiberatedtheblacksinAmerica,whoadvocatedfreedomforthecoloredandwhoevensacrificedhislifefortheemancipationoftheblackpeople.BoththewriterandMarianAndersoncherishedthememoryofthisgreatman.MarianAndersonhadsungattheLincolnMemorial,alsobecauseshewantedtospreadLincoln'snobleideas,toshowthathisnobleideashadnotbeenrealizedandtocallonpeopletofightagainstracialdiscriminationandsegregationsoastomakeLincoln'snoblethoughtcometrueandwinliberationandfreedomfortheblackpeople..(2)Whywasthewritersquinting?Thewriterwassquintingbecauseshewasinthatsilentagonythatcharacterizedallofherchildhoodsummers,fromthetimeschoolletoutinJunetotheendofJuly,broughtaboutbyherdilatedandvulnerableeyesexposedtothesummerbrightness.Inotherwords,shewassquintingbecauseshewassufferingrealisticallyfromthedazzlingsunlightandmentallyfromthesuffocatingwhitedomination..(3)Whydidn't'ttheauthor'sparentsapproveofsunglasses?Wasitjustbecausetheyweretooexpensive?Theexpensemaynotbetherealreason.Wearingsunglasseswillmakethedazzlinglightmilder.Whatherparentswerereallysayingwasthattheywantedtheirkidstorealizetothefullestextenttheinjusticethatwasinflictedupontheblackpeople..(4)DoyoufindsomesymbolicmeaninginParagraph11?Yes.Whilesquintingupatmonumentstofreedomandpastpresidenciesanddemocracy,thewriterwaswonderingwhythelightandheatwerebothsomuchstrongerinWashingtonD.C.thanbackhomeinNewYorkCity.Eventhepavementonthestreetswasashadelighterincolorthanbackhome.Here,mostprobably,thewhitelightandheatandthewhitepavementonthestreetssymbolizethewhitedomination.Actually,thewriterwaswonderingwhythewhitedominationorracialdiscriminationwasevenstrongerinWashingtonD.C.thanbackhomeinNewYorkCity..(5)Whydidthewriter'sfatherdecreeanothertreat?Movedbytheirhistoricalsurroundingsandtheheatoftheearlyevening,herfatherdecreedyetanothertreat.Also,itwasbecausehehadagreatsenseofhistory,aflairforthequietlydramaticandastrongsenseofaspecialoccasionandatrip..(6)Whatwasitthatthewaitressattheice-creamcounterwassayingtothefamily?Shesaid,"Ikingiveyoutotakeout,butyoucan'teathere."Inotherwords,thewaitresssaidclearlythatthewriterandherfamilycouldbeallowedtotakethefoodout,butnottoeatitintheice-creamstore..(7)Howdidthefamilyfeelwhentheymarchedoutofthestore?Theyfeltindignantandoutraged.(8)Whatwasthewriter'sstrongfeeling?Thewriterfeltextremelyindignantandoutraged.Shewasparticularlyhurtandrespondedtoitindignantly:"Butwehadn'tdoneanything!""Thiswasn'trightorfair!""Hadn'tIwrittenpoemsaboutfreedomanddemocracyforall?".LanguageWorkanextracotforme:anadditionalsmallerbedformecotn.abedforayoungchild,usu.withsidestoprotectthechildfromfallingout;simplenarrowbede.g.(1)Thebabyisslumberinginthecot.(2)Acampbedorabunkbedonashipisatypicalcot.(3)CotisawordinBritishEnglish,whilecrib(onlyforbabies)isawordinAmericanEnglish..aback-streethotel:ahotellocatedonaby-streetawayfromthemainstreetsMassn.celebrationofChrist‘sLastSupper,esp.intheRomanCatholicChurche.g.:(1)TheygotoMassregularly.(弥撒)(2)ThepriestsaystwoMasseseachday..beinrealestate:dealinrealpropertyorimmovableproperty,consistingofland,buildings,etc.;engageinthebusinessofsellinghouses,landforbuilding,etc.e.g.:(1)Thatbusinessmanhasbeeninrealestatefor20years,thusbecomingawealthyman.(2)Thosewhohaveengagedinrealestateareallinpossessionofplentyofproperty..D.A.R.anacronymforDaughtersoftheAmericanRevolutioncorollan.awhorlorwhorlsofpetalsformingtheinnerenvelopeofaflower花冠travestyn.absurdimitationoforinferiorsubstitutefor;distortione.g.:(1)Thetrialwasatravestyofjustice.(2)Intheirview,theplaywasatravestyofthetruth..squintvi.lookatsth.witheyeshalfshutorturnedsideways,orthroughanarrowopeninge.g.:(1)Wehavetosquintinthebrightsunlight.(2)Shesquintedthroughtheletterbox.agony:极度的痛苦或创痛，（在口语中）艰辛e.g.:Shewentthroughagonywritingthispaper.(她写得很艰苦)（常用于复数）临死前的痛苦.dilatev.(causesth.)tobecomewider,largerorfurtheropene.g.:(1)Thepupilsofyoureyesdilatewhenyouenteradarkroom.(2)Thehorsedilateditsnostrils.vulnerableadj.thatwhichcanbehurt,wounded,orinjured;exposedtoattackordangere.g.:(1)Youngbirdsarevulnerabletopredators.(2)Cyclistsaremorevulnerablethanmotorists.(3)Theelectiondefeatputsthepartyleaderinavulnerableposition..flairn.anaturalabilitytodosth.well;originalandattractivequalitye.g.:(1)Shedoesn't'tshowmuchflairforthepiano.(2)Shehasarealflairforlanguages.specialnessn.astateofbeingparticular,beingoutoftheordinary;peculiarity.outragevt.(esp.passive)shockoroffendsb;upsetsb.greatlye.g.:(1)Theywereoutragedbytheannouncementofmassivepriceincreases.(2)Whattheydidoutragedpublicopinion.guiltysilence:silenceaffectedbyasenseofguilte.g.:(1)Here,thewordguiltyisusedasatransferredepithet..SentenceUnderstandingIwassquintingbecauseIwasinthatsilentagonythatcharacterizedallofmychildhoodsummers,fromthetimeschoolletoutinJunetotheendofJuly,broughtaboutbymydilatedandvulnerableeyesexposedtothesummerbrightness.Astheywereoftenexposedtothesummerbrightness,myeyesbecamelargerandwiderandmorevulnerable,whichmademesuffersilentlyandterriblythroughoutallofmychildhoodsummers,fromthetimeschoolletoutinJunetotheendofJuly.AsIwasinthatsilentagony,myeyeswerehalfshutorturnedsidewayswhilelookingatthings..Eventhepavementonthestreetswasashadelighterincolorthanbackhome.Eventhefootpathorsidewalkonthestreetswasslightlylighterincolorthanbackhome..Wewereapropercaravan,motherbrightandfatherbrown,thethreeofusgirlsstep-standardsin-between.Wewerejustlikeagroupoftouriststravelingtogetheracrossadesert,feelinghotandthirsty,motherinpossessionofabrightcomplexion,fatherabrowncomplexion,andthethreeofusgirlslookingneitherbrightnorbrown,butingradualshadesfrombrighttobrown.caravann.agroupofpeople(e.g.merchants,gypsies,etc.)travelingtogetheracrossaplacesuchasadeserte.g.:Acaravanofmerchantswastravelingoncamelsacrossthedesert..Myfatherdecreedyetanothertreat.Myfatherdecidedtogiveusanotherspecialtreat,somethingthatwasunexpectedandthatwasnotalwaysavailable.decreevt.ordersth.asifbyanofficialcommandordecisione.g.:(1)Thegovernordecreedadayofmourning.(2)Fatedecreedthattheywouldnotmeetagain..Indoors,thesodafountainwasdimandfan-cooled,deliciouslyrelievingtomyscorchedeyes.Insidethestore,thesodafountainwasglumandgloomyandcooledbyelectricfans,whichagreeablyrelievedmyeyesofthestrongsunlightandheatoutdoors.fan-cooledadj.cooledbyblowingacurrentofaironwithorasifwithafanmyscorchedeyes:myeyesaffectedbystronglightandheat;myeyesinjuredbyheat.Cordedandcrispandpinafored,thefiveofusseatedourselvesonebyoneatthecounter.Stillwearingourwell-tied,smoothly-ironedoutergarments,thefiveofusseatedourselvesonebyoneoncounterstools.cordedadj.tied,bound,orconnectedbythickstringsorlacescrispadj.withastiff,uncreased,orunspoiledsurface;well-ironedpinaforedadj.wearingasleeveless,collarlessoutergarmentthatisusu.tiedattheback.alongthewhitemottledmarblecounteralongthecountermadeofwhitemarblemarkedwithpatchesofdifferentcolorswithoutaregularpattern"IsaidIkingiveyoutotakeout…"IsaidIcanallowyoutotakethefoodout…Thewordkinisanintactreproductionofthewaitress'informalutteranceofthewordcan..ThenshedroppedhereyeslookingveryembarrassedThensheloweredhereyes,lookingveryawkwardanduncomfortable.AnalysisofParagraph7~17Thispartisthecoreofthewholenarration.Itcanbefurtherdividedintotwosections,consistingofparagraphs7-11andparagraphs12-17respectively.Thefirstsection,seeminglytherelationofsomeofthesightstheauthorsawinWashington,is,moreimportantly,therevelationoftheauthor'smentalreactiontothesuffocatingwhitedominationshefeltinWashingtonD.C.especiallyinJuly,whichissymbolizedbythe"dazzlingwhiteness"and"thelightandheatwhichweresomuchstronger"herethaninNewYork.Thiswaspartlywhyshehadtobesquintingnearlyallthetime.Thesecondsection,Paragraphs12-7,istheclimaxofthenarration.Itrelatestheirmostagonizingexperienceatanicecreamandsodafountainstore---theywerenotallowedtoeatadishofvanillaicecreamatthecounter,andtheyweretreatedverybadlybythewaitress..DiscussionofParagraph18-19(1)Howdidthewriter'sparentsandhertwosistersrespondtotheunfairtreatmentafterwards?Thewriter'sparentswouldn't'tspeakoftheinjustice,notbecausetheyhadcontributedtoit,butbecausetheyfelttheyshouldhaveanticipateditandavoidedit.Neitherherparentsnorhersistersdemonstratedtheragetheyfeltinwardly;instead,theyallpretendedthatnothingunusualandanti-Americanhadoccurred..(2)Howdidthewriterfeelaftertheinjustice?ThewriterwasplungedintoextremeexasperationandwasgoingtowritealetterofprotesttothepresidentoftheUSA.Thisprofoundexperienceofwhitedomination,racialdiscriminationandsegregationsodeeplyaffectedthewriterthatshefeltsicktoherstomachfortherestofthattrip.Shedidn'tthinkthatitwasmuchofagraduationpresentafterall..Languageworkanticipatevt.expect;foresee,realizebeforehande.g.:(1)Thewriter'sparentsshouldhaveanticipatedtheinjustice.(2)Weanticipatedafavorabledecision,butweweredisappointedintheend..SentenceUnderstandingMyfurywasnotgoingtobeacknowledgedbyalikefury.Myragewasnotgoingtobeechoedbyasimilarfury..Evenmytwosisterscopiedmyparents'pretensethatnothingunusualandanti-Americanhadoccurred.Evenmytwosistersfollowedmyparentspretendingthatnothingunusualandanti-Americanhadhappened.Followingourparents'example,evenmytwosisterspretendedthattheinjusticehadnothappenedtothefamily..AnalysisofParagraph18-19Thesetwoparagraphs,whichwindupthenarrativetext,presentabriefaccountofthedifferenteffectsoftheinjusticeontheblackfamily.Thewriter'sfurydidnotseemtobesharedbyherparentsorbyhersisters,whopretendedthatnothingunusualoranti-Americanhadeveroccurred.Asaresult,thewriterwaslefttowriteherangrylettertothepresidentoftheUnitedStatesallbyherself.Thisexperienceofthewhitedomination,racialdiscriminationandsegregationsostronglyaffectedthewriterthatshefeltsicktoherstomachfortherestofthattrip.Shedidn'tthinkthatitwasmuchofagraduationpresentafterall..