高考英语七选五解题技巧和方法

WelcometoourEnglishclass七选五任务型阅读解题技巧（Gap-filling）基于主旨大意的任务型阅读解题指导题型解读选材特点：300词左右的说明文或议论文，正文240词左右，选项60词左右设空类型：标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类选项特点：完整句子，按长度排列。考察重点主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。(考试说明)MainideaofthetextLogicofthecontext（Gap-filling）PartIExperiencingPartIISharingPartIIIApplying(应用)PartIVSummarizing(总结)PartVEnhancing(提高)1.Howtogetthemainideaoftheatext?ThetitleThefirstparagraphThelastparagraph2.Howtogetthemainideaofeachparagraph?Thefirstsentence(topicsentence)Thelastsentence(topicsentence)Mainideaofthetext:FivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesightTopicsentenceofeachparagraph:ScheduleyearlyexamsHerearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight.P.1:P.4:P.2:P.3:P.5:ProtectagainstUVrays.___________.Giveyoureyesabreak.P.6:Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses.·Scheduleyearlyexams.36Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6-12monthsofagetothedoctorforcarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.A.Eatyourgreens.B.Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.G.Parentsusuallydon’tcareabouttheirowneyesight.Sharinganddiscussing干扰项Topsentence人生的早期=6到12个月的婴儿（同范畴）Frommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften:ability,money,andtime.36MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogive,yousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthemtimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule:（14年课标全国2） Trynewthings. Abilityiseasilyimproved.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansamealotofworklateron.干扰项同词复现topsentenceSummary:七选五解题技巧1：词汇复现1）复现：作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。2）同范畴词：是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。·ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外线).Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it’sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.37B.Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.C.Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.topsentence代词线索·Giveyoureyesabreak.Two-thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.37Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule:every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.F.Alwaysfollowthedoctor’sadviceforappropriatewear.G.Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasetheriskforeyetirednesstopsentence代词线索干扰项Summary:七选五解题技巧2：代词提示代词是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it:单数名词或整个句子；they/them:复数名词；one:单数可数名词；that:不可数名词或句子；this:单数名词或句子；these/those:前句的复数名词。·39Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(维生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromotedyehealth.A.Eatyourgreens.D.Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.topsentence篇章结构干扰项小标题，简明P.5:_____39______.ScheduleyearlyexamsP.4:P.2:P.3:ProtectagainstUVrays.Giveyoureyesabreak.Frommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften:ability,money,andtime.36MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogive,yousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthemtimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule:（14年课标全国2） Trynewthings. Abilityiseasilyimproved.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansamealotofworklateron.干扰项同词复现topsentenceSummary:七选五解题技巧3：1）考察空为小标题，则根据所在小段落的内容进行总结归纳。注意标题的简洁性！2）若考察空非小标题，则根据 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 所在位置确定不同的解题策略①如果问题在段首通常是段落主题句。根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。②如果问题在段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。·Practicesafewearandcareofcantactlenses(隐形眼镜).ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.40＿otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.F.Alwaysfollowthedoctor’sadviceforappropriatewear.G.Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasetheriskforeyetiredness.topsentence代词线索转折关系Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.__40__（15年北京）E.Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.G.Therefore,it’sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou’reinthedaydreamzone.因果关系过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A,并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),...；First,then/next,...；Inthefirstplace，inthesecondplace...;foronething,foranotherthing,...；then/next,finally/last等。B,递进关系：besidefurther,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。C,解释例证关系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等Summary:七选五解题技巧4（逻辑关系）：D,因果关系：so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果）,asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等E,转折对比关系：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless（然而）,still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等F,概况归纳关系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。EnhancingtheskillsbyPracticing纯空格试题考点:连词两个句子间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格填_____。分析句子结构,由句子之间的逻辑关系来决定是_________还是_________；分清主句与从句,弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分，确定是_________、__________还是__________.连词并列连词从属连词定语从句名词性从句状语从句PracticeMakesPerfect!fillintheblank七选五高考题型给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有7个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考试题型考察重点 主要考察考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）七选五解题技巧方法 看文章结构 找关键词 找逻辑关系 排除法Step1Structure文章结构Beaninventor Thebiggestsecretaboutinventingisthatanybodycandoit!Perhapsthissoundscrazy,butit’strue.Maybeyouhavethewrongideaaboutinventing,soreadontodiscoverthetruth.Whattoexpectathighschool Areyousuperworriedaboutwhattoexpectathighschool?Well,guesswhat?Everyoneis!Thefollowingtipswillhelpguideyousafelythroughyourfirstday!SpringpicnicWithspringinfullswing,there’snobetterwaytocelebratetheseasonthanwithapicnic.大标题大标题——短小精悍，大写1小标题——短小精悍，结构一致BeontimeWhenmeetingsomeonefor….IntroduceyourselfandaskfornamesMakesureyouproperly….Smile!It’stheeasiestwaytoletsomeoneknowthatyou’renice!Befun!…Listen!…小标题2Smile!It’stheeasiestwaytoletsomeoneknowthatyou’renice!Befun!…Listen!…_____Askpeoplewhotakeclasseswithyourquestionsaboutwhattheystudytoday.A.Change!B.Askaquestion!C.Classworkisagreaticebreaker.D.Say“hello”andseewhathappens.E.Anddon’tjusttalkaboutyourselfallthetime.F.Eventheshyestpersoncanmanagealittlesmile.G.Weallpreferspendingtimewithpeoplewhomakeusfeelhappy.B2Befun!________Thinkaboutthepeopleyoumostenjoybeingwith—usuallytheyarealwaysontheupandup.Beingfunmakespeoplehappyandbrightensthewaytheythinkofyou.Itmakesyouseemlikeyoutrulylovelifeandyoucandealwithanyproblemsthatyouhavetoface. Change! Askaquestion! Classworkisagreaticebreaker. Say“hello”andseewhathappens. Anddon’tjusttalkaboutyourselfallthetime. Eventheshyestpersoncanmanagealittlesmile. Weallpreferspendingtimewithpeoplewhomakeusfeelhappy.G段首——概括文段，与小标题相呼应。3Howfastcanahomeremodeling(改造)projectbecompleted?______Atleast,that’sthetimerequirementofthepopularTVshowcalledTradingSpaces. About48hours. Wow!That’sgreat! Butyoudidn’tseethatontheshow. Theylovedredecoratingtheirneighbors’place. Itsometimestakesseveralmonthstoremodelahome. ButonecoupleinPortland,Oregon,hatedtheirnewroom. Thepeoplewhoappearontheshowareactorsandtheyenjoytheexperience.4A段中——承上启下Theyworkalotmore.Almosteveryextremelysuccessfulpersonworksmorehoursthantheaverageperson—alotmore.Theyhavelonglistsofthingstheywanttogetdone.__________Theyavoidthecrowds.Theyarenevertooproud.Decidewhereyouwanttoendup.Sotheyhavetoputinlotsoftime.Keepinmindsellingisn’tcontrolling.Successfulpeopledon’ttrytowinjustonerace.Butyou’llworkalotharderifthereisnootherchoice.5D段尾——总结，承上启下小结一Structure文章结构 大标题 小标题 段首 段中 段尾15432Step2Keywords关键词1 Beforeyoushakehandswithsomebody,makesurethatyourhandsareclean.Thehandshakeshouldnotbetoostrongorweak.Mostpeopleusetheirrighthands,unlesstheyhaveareasontousetheleft.____…Itcouldbeasimilartasteinclothesoracommonhobby.You’llbeinserioustroubleifyouleavethemwithabadimpression.However,don’thaveyourlefthandinyourpocketsbecausethisappearsimpolite.C同词重复2AbirthdaysurpriseNathanwokeupearlyandracedintothekitchen.Hesawhisfamilypreparingtheirbreakfastjustlikeeveryotherday._____Wherewashisbirthdaycake?Didhisfamilyforgethisspecialday?…Andtherewasnobody.Wherewerehisbirthdaypresents?Allhesawwasanotnotheground.B同构复现3-4Don’tforgettowearahelmet(头盔)Whetheryou’reabeginneroranexpert,you’regoingtofall,andsometimesyou’regoingtofallhard.“Iwentdowntoonerunthatwasprettyhard,”Nate,askiinglearner,says,“_3”Youdon’thavetobuyalotofexpensiveandnewgear(装备)Someskierswhoownednicewinterjacketscouldn’tgoonthetrip.4“Ihaveaneighborwholetmeborrowsomeofhisgear.Thatwasveryhelpful,”says13-year-oldMattRizer.Don’tworryaboutfalling.IfeltlikeIwaslearningprettyquickly.IfelldownandIwasgladIwaswearingahelmet.Don’tthinkthatyouskiwellenoughnottowearahelmet.Sotheylenttheirclothestootherskiers.CE同畴词同构词同构词 fall–fell（不同时态） beauty–beautiful act–action（不同词性） mate–roommate police–policeman（相同词根）同畴词（畴：范畴） jacket(夹克)clothes(衣服)夹克是衣服中的一种。如：fruit：apple,orange,banana…furniture(家具)：bed,table,armchair…sports:running,swimming,jumping…类别具体5 Sometimeskidsaregladtoheara“no”fromtheirparents.______ Therearetwotypesofparentslove. Itseemsahappyfeelingtogetoutofparents’control.近义词BWhenwechangeourjobsorschools,itoftenleavesuswithoutafriend._____Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.6A反义词小结三Keywords关键词 同词重复 同构复现（相同句型结构，相同词不同结构） 同畴词 近义词 反义词 ……Tip:就近原则Step3Logicalrelationship逻辑关系 1.___However,therealmoviecapitalisMumbai(孟买市),inIndia. A.Sometimestheyevenwritethescriptbyhand. B.MostpeoplethinkthecapitalofthemovieisHollywood,intheUSA.B转折 2.____Thisisbecausesomepeoplehavecertainqualities,whichothersdonot. A.Somepeoplesucceed,whileothersmaynot. B.Asthefamoussayinggoes,“Nopains,nogains.”A因果 3._____Intheotherwords,whenyouareinlovewithsomeone,youmayrefusetoseeanythingbadaboutthatperson. A.Anotherproverbsays“Loveisblind.” B.Proverbsarefoundinmostculturesandareoftenveryold. A解释 4.Takinggoodnotesisatimesavingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways.____Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest. A.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper. B.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandremember.B并列（顺序）小结三LogicalRelationship逻辑关系 转折 因果 解释 并列（顺序）……常见的逻辑关系词并列：also,too,then,and,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,first,second,firstly,next,foronething,foranotherthing…,either…or,neither…nor…因果：for,because,becauseof,such,since,as,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,asaresult,consequently,so…转折：however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise,but,while….解释：infact,actually,forexample,inotherwords,asamatteroffact,thatistosay….递进：further,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,besides,inaddition,notonly…butalso…Step4排除法(市一模)Focusonwhatyoulovetodotogether.Thegiftyouchooseshouldtellastory…Thinkabouttheirinterestsandhobbies.Thegiftyouchooseshouldbesomethingthatisclosetohisorherheart…__38_Youwillwanttostriketherightbalancebetweenagiftthatispopularbutalsouniquetothem… Checkoutwhatishot. Staywithinyourbudget. So,canyoufindthemasagiftthatismemorableandyetpracticalenoughtobeuseddaily?排除法与其他方法相结合Let’sreview回顾 Methods方法 Steps步骤Let’stry! TipsforCookingonaTightSchedule（14年全国Ⅱ卷） Frommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften:ability,moneyandtime,____36__MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule: Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthereisnothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaboutofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?Doyouhavetherightmaterialsready?____37____ Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal,makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread?___38___ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforafuturemeal. ­____39____Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule. Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.____40___anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive! A.Trynewthings. B.Abilityiseasilyimproved. C.Makethreeorfourinstead. D.Understandyourfoodbetter. E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople. F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden. G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.Keys:BGCAFTheend!