英语教学法Teaching_vocabulary

TeachingVocabulary.“Ifthereisnogrammar,peoplecanonlyexpresssomething;butifthereisnovocabulary,peoplecanexpressnothing.”―Wilkins.Inthissession,wearegoingtoexplore:1.Whatisvocabulary?2.Factorsaffectingvocabularyacquisition;3.Whatneedstobetaught?4.Methodsforpresentingnewvocabularyitems;5.Waystoconsolidatevocabulary;6.WaystohelpstudentsdevelopvocabularybuildingstrategiesMajorTopics.Discussion:Whatdoesknowingawordinvolve?.Ifwesaythatweknowaword,wemustbeableto:--recognizeitinwrittenandspokenforms;--recallitatonce;--relateittoappropriateobjectorconcept;--useitinappropriategrammaticalforms;--useitincorrectcollocation;--useitatappropriatelevelofformality;--pronounceitinarecognizableway;--spellitcorrectly;--beawareofitsconnotation..Wordgrammar:theunderlyingformofawordandthederivativesthatcanbemadefromit--regularandirregularforms--theknowledgeofwordbuildingPronunciation--therelationshipofsoundandspelling--sound-spellingpatterns--stresspatternsWordsandtheirforms.Denotativemeaning(Conceptualmeaning):--polysemy:headofaperson,headofapin,headofanorganization--homonymy:file(adeviceusedforkeepingpapers;atoolforcuttingorsmoothinghardsubstances)Connotativemeaning(Affectivemeaning):--dogfriendship,loyalty--spinstervs.singlewomanWordsandtheirmeanings.Style:levelofformality,aswellasstylessuchashumorous,ironic,literary,etc.e.g.similarinconceptualmeaningbutdifferinstyle--children:neutral--offspring:formal,sometimeshumorous--nippers:colloquial,oftenhumorous--kids:colloquialWordsandtheirUseWhat’stheproblemwiththefollowingsentence:Thereisn’tsufficientmilkforbreakfast.Correctinform,notsoinstyle.Register:varietiesoflanguagedefinedbytheirtopicandcontextofuse,forexample,thelanguageofmedicine,education,law,computer,etc.--minor:thelegaltermfor“child”--cardiacarrest:themedicaltermfor“heartattack”Dialect:differenceingeographicalvariation--sidewalk(US)=pavement(UK)Collocation:whatwordsaremostlikelytooccurtogetherproblemamountshamemanlargegreatbigmajor.Senserelations:--synonymy--antonymy--(non-gradable)complementaryopposites:male-female--gradableopposites:large-small--differentoppositesindifferentcontext:lightbag-heavybag;lightwind-strongwind;lightcolor-darkcolor--hyponymy--incompatibles:spring,summer,autumn,winter--part-wholerelation:face:forehead.eyebrow,eyelash,nose,mouth,etc..Form:--pronunciationandspelling--grammar--WordformationAspectsofmeaning--denotation,connotation,--meaningrelationshipsUse:--Collocation--appropriatenessWhatneedstobetaught?.Factorsaffectingvocabularyacquisitionfrequencypronunciationcontextualizationinputstoragedepthofprocessingbuildingnetworks.free自由free自由free自由L2L1SeparateL1andL2storesL2L2L2L1L1L1+L2storedependentonL1storeOverlappingL1andL2storesSingleL1andL2store自由HowdowestoreL1&L2inthebrain?free.TeacherA:a)wrote“grumble”ontheblackboardb)said“complainaboutsomeoneorsomethinginanannoyedway”c)translatedthewordintothestudents’nativelanguage.d)gavemoreexamplesentencesforthestudentstotranslateintotheirnativelanguage.Howdoyourteachersusuallyteachvocabularyintheclass?TeacherB:said“somepeoplegrumbleabouteverything.Forexample,theygrumbleabouttheweather.Ifitissunny,theysayitistoohot.Ifitiscool,theysayitistoocold.Theyareneverhappywiththeweather”.Thentheteachersetouttocheckthestudent’sunderstandingbyasking“sowhatdoes‘grumble’mean?”.--concisedefinition--detaileddescription--examples(hyponyms)--illustration(picture,object)--demonstration(acting,mime)--context(storyorsentence)--synonyms--antonyms--translation--associatedideas,collocationsPresentingnewwordsWhatkindoftechniquesdoestheteacheruseinpresentingnewwords?.Practice:Trytopresentthefollowingwordsmushroom,shove,earrings,newspaper,dependent,dance,expensive,congratulations,picture,scream,president,teenager.Waystopresentvocabulary1.Presentingvocabulariesbystickdrawings,models,slides,films,videotapes,radiosandTVs....2.CreatingaMonsterIfteachingbodylanguages,youcanuse----Basicbuildingblocks.Redhairandgreenfur.Amonstrouswardrobe..Doyouknowwhereyourmonsteris?Fiveeyesandtwofangs.Twoclaws..Whatyouchoosewilldependontheitemyouarepresenting.Somearemoresuitableforparticularwords.Oftenacombinationoftechniquescanbebothhelpfulandmemorable..ConsolidatingvocabularyLabelingSpottingthedifferenceDescribinganddrawingPlayingagameUsingwordseriesWordbingoWordassociationOddoneoutSynonymsandantonymsUsingwordcategoriesUsingwordnet-work.Completethequestionnairebelowbychoosingthecorrectpreposition.Thenusethequestionnairetointerviewyourpartner.1.Inyourfamily,whoisusuallythefirstpersontoturnto/ontheTVwhenyougethome?2．Whatprogrammesmakeyouwanttoturnoff/overtoanotherchannel?3.DoyoueverturnthevolumeoftheTVup/offordown?Why?4.Ifsomebodyturnsup/onatyourhouse,doyouturntheTVover/offordoyouleaveiton?Example1:Usingquestionnaire.Example2:usingwordnetworkPoliticsPoliticsParliament1)Chooseatopic,forexample‘politics’.Writeitinthemiddleofablanksheetofpaper.2)Whatisthefirstwordthatcomesintoyourmindwhichisconnectedwithit?Writethewordandjoinittothefirstword.3)Continueinthisway,addingnewwordsasyouthinkofthem..PoliticsPoliticianHouseofcommonslobbyPolicyLeftwingPollingstationTovoteBallotboxelectionParliamentscandalPrimeministerHouseoflordsconstituencyMemberofparliamentPoliticalpartiesRightwing.打电话call/phonesb.givesb.aringringsb.upmakeacall拨电话dialanumber电话占线busy/engaged重拨电话redial接通电话getthrough接电话answerthephone别挂电话hangon挂断电话hangup/ringoff回电话call/ringback.Example3:WordgamesorpuzzlesEachstudentchoosesaletterofthealphabetandfillsinthefollowingtextwithwordsbeginningwiththeletter.Iknowa(n)(adj.)manwhosenameis(man’sname).Helivesin(country).Heisa(n)(job).Helikes(v.)ing.Heeats(food)andhedrinks(drink).Hehasa(n)(animal).Hereisacompleteexamplewiththeletter“B”.Iknowa(n)badmanwhosenameisBrian.HelivesinBritain.Heisa(n)butcher.Helikesbowling.Heeatsbeefandhedrinksbeer.Hehasa(n)bear..Example4:WorddistinctionListalltheplacesyoucanthinkofinwhichpeoplelive,andthenfillinthefollowingtable:PlacesinwhichpeopleliveNumberoffloorsNumberofroomsBig/smallTown/countryOld/new1.palace1+20+BigEitherEither2.hutOneOneSmallCountryUsu.old3.flat4.villa5.cottage.Formoreideasofteachingvocabulary,visitthefollowingwebsite:http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/try/vocabtry/vocab_activities.shtml.DevelopingvocabularybuildingstrategiesReviewregularlyGuessmeaningfromthecontextUselearnedvocabularyOrganizevocabulary.记忆英语单词方法20种1.逻辑记忆：通过词本身内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。1)把几个字母看作一个来记，如："ight"light,right,fight,night,sight,tight2)外旧内新，如：bridge“桥”看成b+ridgeridge,“山脊”sharp看成s+harp“竖琴。3)外新内旧，如：cleave“劈开”看成c+leave,tact"机智：看成t+act .2联想记忆：1)音与形的联想，即根据读音 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf 记忆单词。2)形与义的联想。如：eye把两个e看成两个眼；banana把a看成一个个的香蕉；bird把b和d看成两个翅膀。3)象声词，联想实际的声音。如：gong锣coo咕咕声。.3.构词记忆：利用构词法，通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。4.分类记忆：把单词进行分门类如：动物，植物等，进行分类记忆。你可以找一本分类字典作为参考。5.卡片记忆：自制单词卡片随时随地记单词，卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。.6.词典记忆：这是一种强行记忆的方法。它的缺点是容易忘记，只是孤立记住单词的意义。可以作为一种短时间的强化手段。7.比较记忆：1)英汉比较如：mama,cigar,beer,bar,fee等。2)单复数的比较如：good-goods,spirit-spiritswood-woods3)同音词的比较如：right-write,eye-I4)词的阴阳性的比较如：actor-actresshost-hostess .8.理解记忆：通过正确理解单词的本义、引申义和比喻义等,如：second是“秒”，它来源于古代的六分法，分，秒，它是二次划分，因此second也是“第二”，进一步引申，还可理解为“辅助”用这种方法特别适合那些一词多义的词。.9.联系记忆：记忆单词最好不要孤立地记，尽可能地和有关的东西联系来记。1)联系所学的文章大概意义，联系上下文。2)联系短语和搭配10.感官记忆：记单词时，不要只用一种感官，尽可能地用多个感官，耳听、嘴读、手写、眼看、心记等。.11.软件记忆：利用电脑软件记单词。如：《开心背单词》、《开天辟地背单词》、《我爱背单词》等。12.阅读记忆：通过阅读英语文章、小说等记忆单词，注意难度要适宜。13.同义记忆：通过同义词记忆单词，可确切理解词义，这时不必注意它们意义的区别。.14.反义记忆：通过反义词记忆单词，扩大词义。15.图 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 记忆：利用形象的图表进行记忆，它的优点是意、形、物直观的结合到一起。你可以找一本英语图解字典作为参考。16.游戏记忆：通过做游戏在轻松愉快的气氛中进行单词记忆。.17.歌曲记忆：通过唱英语歌曲记忆单词，“听霸”“听力超人”等软件中有许多英文歌曲，并配有 歌词 小燕子歌词你对于我我对于你歌词音译中国中铁开路先锋歌词向快乐出发歌词下载想把我唱给你听男女对唱歌词 和译文。18.复习记忆：单词记住了，很快会忘掉，每隔一段时间要进行复习，巩固所学单词19.商标记忆：通过看到的商标和广告随时随地进行记忆单词。20.综合记忆：记忆单词最好综合利用多种方法，而不是一种，利用各自的优点。.Furtherreading:Allen,V.F.(2002).Techniquesinteachingvocabulary.Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.Nation,I.S.P.(2003).Vocabulary.InD.Nunan.(ed.)PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching(pp.129-152).NewYork:McGrawHill.Nation,I.S.P.(1998).Helpinglearnerstakecontroloftheirvocabularylearning.GRETA6,1:9-18.Sökmen,A.J.(1992).Studentsasvocabularygenerators.TESOLJournal1,4:16-18..