Of-Studies-ppt课件

EssayReading.Whatisanessay?(Prose?) Anarticlewhichdiscussesatopic. Itundertakestodiscussamatter,expressapointofview,persuadeustoacceptathesisonanysubject,orsimplyentertain.Invitingustoenteraworldofthoughtandexperience,itpersuadesustoviewthingsinaparticularway. ---directandexplicit(expositionofideas) ---Basedonfacts,dataandinformation,itismorefactualratherthanfictional.(Incontrasttotheimaginativefeatureofothergenres)Ithasuncertainstatusinliterature..TypesofEssays Narrativeessays:totellsstories,chronicleevents Expositoryessays:toexplainideasandattitudes Speculativeessays:toexploreideasandfeelings,lessauthoritative,lessinsistent Argumentativeessays:tomakeclaimsandpresentevidencestosupport.ElementsoftheEssayVoice(tone,attitude)---formal,dignified,elegant,solemn,allusive,authoritative,reversed,controlled---casual,intimate,andconversational,humorous,conciseandsharp,urgent,insistent,wittyandcharmingStyle:howdoestheauthoruselanguageinauniqueway---diction(individualchoiceofwords)formalorinformalwords,colloquial---syntax:longandcomplexsentences,orshort,simplesentences;parallelismandbalance;rhythm,punctuations----figureofspeech:theuseofsimile,metaphor,imagesofcomparisons,etc,inordertoclarifyabstractideas,thoughtsandfeelings,andtoillustrateapointwithvividnessstructure:howthoughtconnectwiththoughtThought:ideas,views,arguments(Canbewithfeelings). 梁实秋散文 周作人散文 余光中散文 余秋雨散文 宗璞散文 杨朔散文 周国平散文.OfStudiesbyFrancisBacon(1561—1626) . Nametipsascientiapotestasest.知识就是力量。 Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。 Somebooksaretobetasted，otherstobeswallowed，andsomefewtobechewedanddigested. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。 Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtitle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩 Wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses..FrancisBacon(1561—1626) EducatedatTrinityCollege,Cambridge. representativeoftheEnglishRenaissanceStatesman,philosopher,essayist LordKeeperoftheSealandthenLordChancellorofEngland. Apioneerofmodernscientificthought.philosophyofmaterialism Scientificexperiment,freshobservation,inductivereasoning(deductivethinking) “ArealprogenitorofEnglishMaterialism”. TheAdvancementofLearning(1605) NovumOrganum(1620).《新工具》 TheNewAtlantis(1626)(Utopia).Bacon’sliterarysuccess:Essays. 58essays(1597and1625):coveringawidevarietyofsubjectsinrelationtothesociallifeofhisage. Usuallyeachessaydiscussesasinglesubject,forinstance,OfStudies,OfBeauty,OfRiches.Shortastheyare,theseessaysshowBacon’sprofundityinunderstandingmanandsociety. Bacon’sessayswereundertheimpactofMontaigne(蒙田),aFrenchessayistintheageofRenaissance. Bacon’sessaysarecharacterizedbytheirconcisenessandbrevity,simplicityandforcefulness,practicalityandversatility. Manysentencesinhisessaysaresuccinct(简洁),impersonal(客观),aphoristic(似格言),andhavebecomeverypopular. Bacon’sessaysarerecognizedasanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose..OfStudies ItisthemostpopularofBacon’s58essays. Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter. Forcefulandpersuasive,compact(简洁的)andprecise,“OfStudies”revealstousBacon’smatureattitudetowardlearning.Thisessayimpressesthereadernotonlybyitsargumentativestrengthbutalsobyitseleganceofstyle..Whatisthemainidea?1.whatpurposesdoesstudieschieflyservefor? 2.Howshouldpeoplestudy? ---differentattitudestostudies ---differentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeople 3.Whatinfluencedostudieshaveonourhumancharacter?.LanguageandStyle1.succinctandconcise---ellipsis(omission)---shortsentencesTheirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;()forornament,isindiscourse;and()forability,isinthejudgment,anddispositionofbusiness.Historiesmakemenwise;poets()witty;themathematics()subtitle;naturalphilosophy()deep;moral()grave;logicandrhetoric()abletocontend.2.easytounderstand---simile---metaphor---analogyNaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedproyningbystudyDistilledbooksarelikecommondistilledwaters,flashythings.Thereisnostondorimpedimentinthewitbutmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies;likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises..3.forcefulandstriking---parallelism:balancedsentencestructures排比句Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation;tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrules,isthehumorofascholar.---Antithesis:thesettingofcontrastingphrases(ofoppositeideas)foremphasis(throughparallelstructure).对偶句Afriendexaggeratesaman’svirtues,anenemyhiscrimes.Goodbreedingconsistsinconcealinghowmuchwethinkofourselvesandhowlittlewethinkoftheotherperson.Craftymencondemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem---Usingsynonyms,superordinates(上位词),hyponyms(下位词)forstresssuperordinates(vegetable),hyponyms(cabbage,carrot,potato,tomato…)weighandconsider;talkanddiscourse;taste,swallow,chew,digest.4.solemn,classical ---balancedsentencestructures ---Latinquotations 5.aphoristic:witty,preciseandpointed,incisiveandprofound ---fulloftruthandwisdom(practical) ---richexperience,sharpobservationandwideknowledge 6.tone:impersonal. Forcefulandpersuasive,compact(简洁的)andprecise,“OfStudies”revealstousBacon’smatureattitudetowardlearning.Thisessayimpressesthereadernotonlybyitsargumentativestrengthbutalsobyitseleganceofstyle. 培根对文学的主要贡献是他的《论说文集》或称《随笔》（Essays），共收入文章58篇。英语论说文又称“随笔”，或“小品文”，都是散文（prose）体的一种。培根学识渊博，阅历丰富，对社会人生观察细致，思考周密，其文涉及社会风尚、为人处世、治学方法等各个方面，无所不包；兼之文笔简洁，擅用类比，论述透彻，文中充满哲理之精辟处几乎俯拾皆是，许多已成为家喻户晓的格言名句。 培根的修身处世箴言充分体现了他一贯的崇尚实用、讲究实际的思想。.QuestionsforDiscussion: 1.Summarizethemainideaoftheessay. 2.Whydoestheauthormeanbysayingthat“Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience”? 3.Doyouagreethatbooksshouldbereadindifferentways?Accordingtoyourownexperience,whatbooksare“tobetasted”,whatbooksare“tobeswallowed”,andwhatbooksare“tobechewedanddigested”? 4.WhatdoestheLatinsentence“Abeuntstudiainmores”mean?Doyouagree? 5.Whatarethetypicalfeaturesofthisessay?Whatskillsareusedbytheauthortoachievethem?.此 课件 超市陈列培训课件免费下载搭石ppt课件免费下载公安保密教育课件下载病媒生物防治课件 可下载高中数学必修四课件打包下载 下载可自行编辑修改，此课件供参考！部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请与我联系删除！感谢你的观看！