英语学习资料87706

GR1PartDivisionoftheTextPartsLinesMainIdeas1231~1718~8990~102MassiveborrowingfromotherlanguagesisamajorfeatureoftheEnglishlanguage.TellsaboutthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagefromtheIndo-EuropeanparentlanguagetomodernEnglish. Tolerance,loveoffreedom,andrespectfortherightsofothers--thesequalitiesintheEnglish-speakingpeopleexplaintherichnessoftheirlanguage. After-1.useful-1UsefulExpressions1.排行榜2.严格地说3.对我们真正至关重要的事4.发表演说5.为了加强效果ahitparadestrictlyspeakingthethingsthatreallymattertousmakeaspeechforeffectAfter-1.useful-26.系统的研究7.起源于8.提出9.向西漂泊10.留传给我们asystematicstudydescendfromcomeupwithdriftwestpassontousUsefulExpressionsAfter-1.useful-311.日子过得开心12.抚养孩子13.平民百姓14.印刷机enjoyoneselfrear/raiseachildcommonpeopleaprintingpressUsefulExpressions15.大量新思想awealthofnewthinkingAfter-1.useful-416.欧洲文艺复兴17.失控18.付诸实施19.个人自由的崇尚者theEuropeanRenaissancebeoutofcontrolputintopracticearespecterofthelibertiesofeachindividualUsefulExpressions20.开拓新路strikeoutnewpathsAfter-1.useful-521.培育了……的准则22.人权23.知识精英nourishtheprinciplesof…therightsofmananintellectualeliteUsefulExpressionsArticle2_SthatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.Article3_SThathappytolerance,thatwillingnesstoacceptwordsfromanywhere,explainstherichnessofEnglishandwhyithasbecome,toaveryrealextent,thefirsttrulygloballanguage.HowdidthelanguageofasmallislandoffthecoastofEuropebecomethelanguageoftheplanet--morewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherhaseverbeen?ThehistoryofEnglishispresentinthefirstwordsachildlearnsaboutidentity(I,me,you);possession(mine,yours);thebody(eye,nose,mouth);size(tall,short);andnecessities(food,water).ThesewordsallcomefromOldEnglishorAnglo-SaxonEnglish,thecoreofourlanguage.Article4_SUsuallyshortanddirect,thesearewordswestillusetodayforthethingsthatreallymattertous.GreatspeakersoftenuseOldEnglishtoarouseouremotions.Forexample,duringWorldWarII,WinstonChurchillmadethisspeech,stirringthecourageofhispeopleagainstHitler’sarmiespositionedtocrosstheEnglishChannel:“Weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandinggrounds,weshallfightinthefieldsandinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills.Weshallneversurrender.”Article5_SVirtuallyeveryoneofthosewordscamefromOldEnglish,exceptthelast--surrender,whichcamefromNormanFrench.Churchillcouldhavesaid,“Weshallnevergivein,”butitisoneofthelovely--andpowerful--opportunitiesofEnglishthatawritercanmix,foreffect,differentwordsfromdifferentbackgrounds.Yetthereissomethingdirecttotheheartthatspeakstousfromtheearliestwordsinourlanguage.WhenJuliusCaesarinvadedBritainin55B.C.,Englishdidnotexist.TheCelts,whoinhabitedtheland,spokelanguagesthatsurvivetodaymainlyasWelsh.Wherethoselanguagescamefromisstillamystery,butthereisatheory.Article6_STwocenturiesagoanEnglishjudgeinIndianoticedthatseveralwordsinSanskritcloselyresembledsomewordsinGreekandLatin.Asystematicstudyrevealedthatmanymodernlanguagesdescendedfromacommonparentlanguage,losttousbecausenothingwaswrittendown.Identifyingsimilarwords,linguistshavecomeupwithwhattheycallanIndo-Europeanparentlanguage,spokenuntil3500to2000B.C.Thesepeoplehadcommonwordsforsnow,beeandwolfbutnowordforsea.Sosomescholarsassumetheylivedsomewhereinnorth-centralEurope,whereitwascold.Travelingeast,someestablishedthelanguagesofIndiaandPakistan,andothersdriftedwesttowardthegentlerclimatesofEurope.Article7SomewhomadetheearliestmovewestwardbecameknownastheCelts,whomCaesar’sarmiesfoundinBritain.NewwordscamewiththeGermanictribes--theAngles,theSaxons,etc.--thatslippedacrosstheNorthSeatosettleinBritaininthe5thcentury.TogethertheyformedwhatwecallAnglo-Saxonsociety.TheAnglo-Saxonspassedontoustheirfarmingvocabulary,includingsheep,ox,earth,wood,fieldandwork.Theymusthavealsoenjoyedthemselvesbecausetheygaveusthewordlaughter.Article8ThenextbiginfluenceonEnglishwasChristianity.ItenrichedtheAnglo-Saxonvocabularywithsome400to500wordsfromGreekandLatin,includingangel,discipleandmartyr.ThenintothisrelativelypeacefullandcametheVikingsfromScandinavia.TheyalsobroughttoEnglishmanywordsthatbeginwithsk,likeskyandskirt.ButOldNorseandEnglishbothsurvived,andsoyoucanrearachild(English)orraiseachild(Norse).Othersuchpairssurvive:wishandwant,craftandskill,hideandskin.EachsuchadditiongaveEnglishmorerichness,morevariety.Article9_SAnotherfloodofnewvocabularyoccurredin1066,whentheNormansconqueredEngland.Thecountrynowhadthreelanguages:Frenchforthenobles,LatinforthechurchesandEnglishforthecommonpeople.Withthreelanguagescompeting,thereweresometimesdifferenttermsforthesamething.Forexample,Anglo-Saxonshadthewordkingly,butaftertheNormans,royalandsovereignenteredthelanguageasalternatives.TheextraordinarythingwasthatFrenchdidnotreplaceEnglish.OverthreecenturiesEnglishgraduallyswallowedFrench,andbytheendofthe15thcenturywhathaddevelopedwasamodified,greatlyenrichedlanguage--MiddleEnglish--withabout10,000“borrowed”Frenchwords.Article10_SAround1476WilliamCaxtonsetupaprintingpressinEnglandandstartedacommunicationsrevolution.PrintingbroughtintoEnglishthewealthofnewthinkingthatsprangfromtheEuropeanRenaissance.TranslationsofGreekandRomanclassicswerepouredontotheprintedpage,andwiththemthousandsofLatinwordslikecapsuleandhabitual,andGreekwordslikecatastropheandthermometer.TodaywestillborrowfromLatinandGreektonamenewinventions,likevideo,televisionandcyberspace.Article11_SAssettlerslandedinNorthAmericaandestablishedtheUnitedStates,Englishfounditselfwithtwosources--AmericanandBritish.ScholarsinBritainworriedthatthelanguagewasoutofcontrol,andsomewantedtosetupanacademytodecidewhichwordswereproperandwhichwerenot.Fortunatelytheirideahasneverbeenputintopractice.Thattoleranceforchangealsorepresentsdeeplyrootedideasoffreedom.Article12_SDanishscholarOttoJespersenwrotein1905,“TheEnglishlanguagewouldnothavebeenwhatitisiftheEnglishhadnotbeenforcenturiesgreatrespectersofthelibertiesofeachindividualandifeverybodyhadnotbeenfreetostrikeoutnewpathsforhimself.”Ilikethatidea.ConsiderthatthesameculturalsoilproducingtheEnglishlanguagealsonourishedthegreatprinciplesoffreedomandrightsofmaninthemodernworld.ThefirstshootssprangupinEngland,andtheygrewstrongerinAmerica.TheEnglish-speakingpeopleshavedefeatedalleffortstobuildfencesaroundtheirlanguage.Article13_SIndeed,theEnglishlanguageisnotthespecialpreserveofgrammarians,languagepolice,teachers,writersortheintellectualelite.Englishis,andalwayshasbeen,thetongueofthecommonman.Article1_WTHEGLORIOUSMESSINESSOFENGLISHThestoryofourEnglishlanguageistypicallyoneofmassivestealingfromotherlanguages.ThatiswhyEnglishtodayhasanestimatedvocabularyofoveronemillionwords,whileothermajorlanguageshavefarfewer.French,forexample,hasonlyabout75,000words,andthatincludesEnglishexpressionslikesnackbarandhitparade.TheFrench,however,donotlikeborrowingforeignwordsbecausetheythinkitcorruptstheirlanguage.Article1_W_Popwin_corruptThestoryofourEnglishlanguageistypicallyoneofmassivestealingfromotherlanguages.ThatiswhyEnglishtodayhasanestimatedvocabularyofoveronemillionwords,whileothermajorlanguageshavefarfewer.French,forexample,hasonlyabout75,000words,andthatincludesEnglishexpressionslikesnackbarandhitparade.TheFrench,however,donotlikeborrowingforeignwordsbecausetheythinkitcorruptstheirlanguage.corrupt:vt. 1)causeerrorstoappearinTheAcademyruledthatsuchforeignexpressionswerenotpermitted,astheycorruptedthelanguage.HasJapanesebeencorruptedbytheintroductionofforeignwords?2)causetoactdishonestlyinreturnforpersonalgainsToourgreatsurprise,theformermayorturnedouttohavebeencorruptedbythedesireformoneyandpower.Togainmoreprofits,thebusinessmantriedeverymeanstocorrupttheofficialsinthelocalgovernment.THEGLORIOUSMESSINESSOFENGLISHArticle1_S_Popwin_THEGLORIOUS…ThestoryofourEnglishlanguageistypicallyoneofmassivestealingfromotherlanguages.ThatiswhyEnglishtodayhasanestimatedvocabularyofoveronemillionwords,whileothermajorlanguageshavefarfewer.French,forexample,hasonlyabout75,000words,andthatincludesEnglishexpressionslikesnackbarandhitparade.TheFrench,however,donotlikeborrowingforeignwordsbecausetheythinkitcorruptstheirlanguage.THEGLORIOUSMESSINESSOFENGLISH1)TranslatethetitleintoChinese.2)Whatkindofrhetoricaldeviceisusedinthetitle?英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象.Therhetoricaldeviceusedhereiscalledoxymoron(矛盾修饰法).Anoxymoronputstwocontradictorytermstogethertopuzzlethereader,luringhim/hertopauseandexplorewhy.Here“Glorious”isacommendatory(褒义的)term,while“Messiness”isderogatory(贬义的).Asthereaderreadson,he/shewillknowthatEnglishismessy,butthemessinessreflectssomecommendablequalitiesofEnglish,suchastolerance,theloveoffreedom,andtherespectforothers’rights.Atthispointthereadercannotbutadmiretheauthor’singenuity.Article2_S_popwin_whichFrenchkids…thatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.Paraphrasethispartofthesentence.Frenchchildrenareexpectedtosaytheword“balladeur”insteadof“Walkman”buttheydon’tsayit.Article2_S_popwin_Suchisthe…thatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardsEnglishfromthissentence?Hethinksmuchofit.Article2_WthatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.Article2_W_Popwin_ban1thatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.ban:1.vt.forbid(sth.)officiallyPattern:bansth.;bansb.fromsth./doingsth.Thelocalgovernmentwillbansmokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.Tomwasbannedfromdrivingforsixmonthsafterbeingcaughtspeedingagain.LadyChatterley’sLoverwasbannedwhenitwasfirstpublished.Article2_W_Popwin_ban2thatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.CF:ban,forbid&prohibit这三个词都可用作及物动词，表示“禁止”。ban语气最重，指权威机关“正式禁止”。一般含有“严厉谴责”的意思，只能用于严重危害公众利益的事物。例如：Thetreatybansallnucleartests.Heforbadehischildrensweetsbecausehedidn’twanttheirteethtoberuined.Insomecountriesthesaleofalcoholicbeveragesisprohibited.该条约禁止一切核试验。forbid是普通用词，可用于较细小的事物。例如：他不许孩子们吃糖果，因为他不希望他们的牙齿蛀坏。prohibit指“（通过法律、法令或严正警告）禁止某些事物”，应用范围较ban广。例如：在一些国家,出售含酒精的饮料是被禁止的。Article2_W_Popwin_ban3thatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.ban:2.n.aprohibitionimposedbylaworofficialdecree(followedbyon)Thegovernmentisconsideringatotalbanoncigaretteadvertising.Thebanonhumancloningiswelcomedbymostcountriesintheworld.Article2_W_Popwin_invent1thatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.invent:vt. 1)makeordesign(sth.thathasnotexistedbefore);create(sth.)JamesWattinventedthesteamengine.WalterHuntandEliasHoneinventedthesewingmachineStandingstillintheteacher’soffice,theboytriedtoinventaplausibleexcuseforhisabsencefromclass.2)give(aname,reason,etc.thatdoesn’texistorisnottrue)Allthecharactersinthenovelareinvented.Article2_W_Popwin_invent2thatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.CF:invent&discoverAlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephone.TheplanetPlutowasdiscoveredin1930.亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔发明了电话。discover“发现”，发现的对象是本来就存在但不为人所知的东西，如新的科学真理，新领域等。有时也可泛指“发现”、“认识到”某种情况。例如：冥王星是在1930年被发现的。invent“发明”，发明的对象是以前没有的新东西，如：工具、手段或方法，这不仅是认识问题，还是实践问题。例如：Article2_W_Popwin_fascinatethatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.fascinating:adj.ofgreatinterestorattractionThestoryofhisadventuresintheArcticwasfascinatingtolistento.我觉得有关克隆的讨论很有吸引力。Ifoundthediscussionaboutcloningabsolutelyfascinating.ItisfascinatingtoimaginewhatmighthavehappenediftheUShadnotdeclaredwaragainstJapaninWorldWarII.Article2_W_Popwin_StrictlyspeakthatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn’tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglishanddeclareswasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn’tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.strictlyspeaking:ifoneuseswords,appliesrules,etc.intheirexactsenseStrictlyspeakingshewasnotqualifiedforthejob.Butweemployedherbecauseofherhonesty.He’snotstrictlyspeakinganartist;heismoreofaperformer.Article3_WThathappytolerance,thatwillingnesstoacceptwordsfromanywhere,explainstherichnessofEnglishandwhyithasbecome,toaveryrealextent,thefirsttrulygloballanguage.HowdidthelanguageofasmallislandoffthecoastofEuropebecomethelanguageoftheplanet--morewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherhaseverbeen?ThehistoryofEnglishispresentinthefirstwordsachildlearnsaboutidentity(I,me,you);possession(mine,yours);thebody(eye,nose,mouth);size(tall,short);andnecessities(food,water).ThesewordsallcomefromOldEnglishorAnglo-SaxonEnglish,thecoreofourlanguage.Article3_S_Popwin_ThehistoryofEnglish…Thathappytolerance,thatwillingnesstoacceptwordsfromanywhere,explainstherichnessofEnglishandwhyithasbecome,toaveryrealextent,thefirsttrulygloballanguage.HowdidthelanguageofasmallislandoffthecoastofEuropebecomethelanguageoftheplanet--morewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherhaseverbeen?ThehistoryofEnglishispresentinthefirstwordsachildlearnsaboutidentity(I,me,you);possession(mine,yours);thebody(eye,nose,mouth);size(tall,short);andnecessities(food,water).ThesewordsallcomefromOldEnglishorAnglo-SaxonEnglish,thecoreofourlanguage.1.Paraphrasethispart.2.TranslatethispartintoChinese.ThehistoryofEnglishisrevealedinthefirstwordsachildlearnsabout…英语的历史体现在孩子最先学会用来表示……的词汇当中。Article3_W_Popwin_toleranceThathappytolerance,thatwillingnesstoacceptwordsfromanywhere,explainstherichnessofEnglishandwhyithasbecome,toaveryrealextent,thefirsttrulygloballanguage.HowdidthelanguageofasmallislandoffthecoastofEuropebecomethelanguageoftheplanet--morewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherhaseverbeen?ThehistoryofEnglishispresentinthefirstwordsachildlearnsaboutidentity(I,me,you);possession(mine,yours);thebody(eye,nose,mouth);size(tall,short);andnecessities(food,water).ThesewordsallcomefromOldEnglishorAnglo-SaxonEnglish,thecoreofourlanguage.tolerance:n. 1)thequalityofallowingotherpeopletosayanddoastheylike,evenifyoudon’tagreeorapproveofit(followedbyfor)Schoolteachershavetohaveagreatdealoftoleranceinordertodealwithdifficultchildren.Hehasnotoleranceforpeoplewhodisagreewithhim.2)theabilitytobearsth.painfulorunpleasant(followedbyof/for/to)Humanbeingshavelimitedtoleranceof/tonoise.Thepatienthadnotolerancefor/topain.Wheneverhewasinjectedhewouldcry.Collocation：display/showtolerancehavetolerancetolerancefor/of/towards表示宽容有容忍力；有雅量对……的容忍Article3_W_popwin_toaextentThathappytolerance,thatwillingnesstoacceptwordsfromanywhere,explainstherichnessofEnglishandwhyithasbecome,toaveryrealextent,thefirsttrulygloballanguage.HowdidthelanguageofasmallislandoffthecoastofEuropebecomethelanguageoftheplanet--morewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherhaseverbeen?ThehistoryofEnglishispresentinthefirstwordsachildlearnsaboutidentity(I,me,you);possession(mine,yours);thebody(eye,nose,mouth);size(tall,short);andnecessities(food,water).ThesewordsallcomefromOldEnglishorAnglo-SaxonEnglish,thecoreofourlanguage.toa(veryreal,certain,etc.)extent:tothedegreespecifiedIagreewithhimtosomeextentbuttherearestillsomeareasofsharpdisagreementbetweenus.Tosomeextentthewaterpollutionhasaffectedlocalresidents.从某种程度上说，餐馆的失败是由于经营不善造成的。Toacertainextentthefailureoftherestaurantwasduetobadmanagement.Article3_W_popwin_necessilty1Thathappytolerance,thatwillingnesstoacceptwordsfromanywhere,explainstherichnessofEnglishandwhyithasbecome,toaveryrealextent,thefirsttrulygloballanguage.HowdidthelanguageofasmallislandoffthecoastofEuropebecomethelanguageoftheplanet--morewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherhaseverbeen?ThehistoryofEnglishispresentinthefirstwordsachildlearnsaboutidentity(I,me,you);possession(mine,yours);thebody(eye,nose,mouth);size(tall,short);andnecessities(food,water).ThesewordsallcomefromOldEnglishorAnglo-SaxonEnglish,thecoreofourlanguage.necessity:n.1)somethingnecessaryorindispensableAlotofpeoplewouldconsideraTVasmoreofanecessitythanaluxuryitem.Theworkers’wagesweresolowthattheyhardlyhadenoughmoneytobuythebarenecessitiesoflife.2)circumstancesthatforceonetodosth.;thestateofbeingnecessary;theneedforsth.(followedbyof/for)有必要再搞一次选举吗？Thereisabsolutelynonecessityforyoutobeinvolvedintheproject.Waterisabasicnecessityoflife.Isthereanynecessityforanotherelection?Article3_W_popwin_necessilty2Thathappytolerance,thatwillingnesstoacceptwordsfromanywhere,explainstherichnessofEnglishandwhyithasbecome,toaveryrealextent,thefirsttrulygloballanguage.HowdidthelanguageofasmallislandoffthecoastofEuropebecomethelanguageoftheplanet--morewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherhaseverbeen?ThehistoryofEnglishispresentinthefirstwordsachil