宋词发展介绍【英文】

演示文档路漫漫其悠远少壮不努力，老大徒悲伤宋词发展介绍【英文】InChinese,onedoesnotspeakof"writing"cibutof"fillingin"ci;thatis,"fillinginlyrics"toaknownmelody.Lyricsareidentifiedbythetitleofthetuneprefacedwith"to”,e.g.,“Tothetuneof‘WashingCreekSand’.”Right:“EighteenScholars(intheTang),”anonymous,Song,NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan*CiPoetry:Characteristics lyricsongsbeforethe11thcentury Authoredbymenbutperformedbyhiredwomensingersatparties Asituationofmenwritingwords,ofteninthevoicesofwomen,tobesungbacktothem. treatedeventsintheirdailylives,oftenemotional“EntertainingKidswiththeatricalperformance”bySuHanchen,Song*Nature: Apoetryofelegance,languorandsentimentality--regardedasthemostrefinedofallChineseliteraryforms,theonlyonecapableofarticulatingmelancholyandacertainkindoferotica. Songauthorsbroadenedthecontentofci,usingittonarrateeventsincontemporaryurbanlifeStructure: has"tunepatterns,"amatrixcontainingasetnumberoflinesofgivenlength,rhymesinfixedpositions,andtonalrequirementsatcertainpositionsineachlines Linesofvaryinglength:tofittheirregular,melodicpattern*FamousCiPoetsbeforetheSong WenTingyun(812-872) ProbablythebestofthecipoetsintheTang,whoinspiredmanySongciwriters. WeiZhuang(836-910) ProbablythebestcipoetintheendoftheTangdynasty*Examplesoftunepatterns “TheMoonovertheWestRiver”(西江月xījiāngyuè) “WindthroughPines”(風入松fēngrùsōng) “Deva-likeBarbarian”(BodhisattvaBarbarian)(菩薩蠻púsàmán) “TellingtheInnerMostFeelings”(訴衷情sùzhōngqíng) “SongofPickingMulberry”(採桑子căisāngzi) “JoyofEternalUnion”(永遇樂yǒngyùlè) “DreamingoftheSouth”(望江南wàngjiāngnán) “Lotus-leafCup”(荷葉杯héyèbēi)TotheTune“WestoftheLittleMarket”byLiuYong I’mthinkingofsomeone Sweetface,justsixteen Bornbeautiful— Shehasgottobeaminx. Wheresheismostremarkable Iswhenshelaughsandherdimplesshow. Shehasahundredwaysandathousandcharms, Andthemoreyouembraceher Themoresweetandslipperyshegets小镇西意中有个人，芳颜二八。天然俏、自来奸黠。最奇绝。是笑时、媚靥深深，百态千娇，再三偎著，再三香滑。久离缺。夜来魂梦里，尤花［歹带］雪。分明似旧家时节。正欢悦。被邻鸡唤起，一场寂寥，无眠向晓，空有半窗残月。*TotheTune“WestoftheLittleMarket”byLiuYong (Con’t) I’veneglectedheralongtime. Lastnightinadream Wemadelove Likeoldtimes. ThenjustwhenIwashappy Thecocknextdoorwokemeup. Everythingwasquiet ButIcouldnotgetbacktosleep; Thesettingmoonoutsidemywindowwaswasted.小镇西意中有个人，芳颜二八。天然俏、自来奸黠。最奇绝。是笑时、媚靥深深，百态千娇，再三偎著，再三香滑。久离缺。夜来魂梦里，尤花［歹带］雪。分明似旧家时节。正欢悦。被邻鸡唤起，一场寂寥，无眠向晓，空有半窗残月。*ByWangShen,Song“WomenandMorningMirror”OnsilkWomanpoet:LiQingzhao(ca.1084?-1151) ThegreatestwomanpoetofSongtimesandperhapsinallofChinesehistory Notonlyapoet,butalsoaneruditescholar,connoisseur,bibliophile,collectorofantiques,… Herpoemsarecharacterizedbytheuseofonomatopoeticexpressions.*TotheTuneof“EverySoundSlowly”byLiQingzhao Search.Search.Seek.Seek. Cold.Cold.Clear.Clear. Sorrow.Sorrow.Pain.Pain.Pity.Pity. Timesofhotflashesandsuddenchills. It’shardtocometorest. Threecups,twobowlsoftastelesswine, Howshouldhelateburstinlikeagustofwind? Wildgeesefly,wrenchingmyheart. Really,fromolddaysweknoweachother.LiQingzhao(con’t) Goldenflowerspileupontheground, Faded,dead. Whowouldpickthemnow? Allalone,waitingatmywindow, Howdoesitbecomedark? Thewutongtreeblenddrizzlingrain. Untilduskfalls.Drip.Drip.Drop.Drop. Thiscondition,canthemerewordmelancholysuffice?Wutong:paulowniaorChineseparasoltree* Tothetuneof“Deva-likeBarbarian” Blossombright,themoondark,shadowedinthinmist, Tonight’sjustrightformakingmywaytoyou--- Instockingfeetshegoesoutbythescentedstairs, Holdinginherhandhergold-threadedslippers Onthesouthsideofthepaintedhallsheseeshim, Clingstohimforatime,trembling--- It’ssohardformetoslipaway, [tonight]youmaylovemeanywayyouplease!* SuShi(SuDongpo,1037-1101) ThebestoftheSongcipoets Broughtcitoagreatheightandnewfrontier Styleisgenerallymasculine Mostwidelyread:“SongofRiverCity,”“PreludetoWaterMusic,”“ImmortalattheRiver”“VillagePhysician,”byLiTang,SouthernSong,onsilk,NationalPalaceMusuem,Taipei,Taiwan*SeeTheColumbiaBookofChinesePoetryp.364,pp.365-366,p.368“PreludetoWaterMusic”(水調頭歌)bySuShi(OnMid-autumnnightoftheyearbingchen(1076),Idrankmerrilyuntildawn,gotverydrunkandwrotethispoem,allthewhilethinkinglonginglyofZiyou.)Brightmoon,whendidyouappear?Liftingmywine,Iquestionthebluesky.TonightinthepalacesandhallsofheavenWhatyearisit,Iwonder?Iwouldliketoridethemoon,makemyhomethere,OnlyIfearinporphyrytowers,underjadeeaves,InthosehighplacesthecoldwouldbemorethanIcouldbear.SoIriseanddanceandplaywithyourpurebeams,Thoughthishumanworld—howcanitcomparewithyours?明月幾時有？把酒問青天。不知天上宮闕，今夕是何年？我欲乘風歸去，又恐瓊樓玉宇，高處不勝寒。起舞弄清影，何似在人間?*CirclingmyredchamberLowinthecurtaineddoorYoulightmysleeplessness*Surelyyoubearusnoillwill—Whythenmustyoubesoroundattimeswhenwehumansareparted?Peoplehavetheirgrievesandjoys,theirjoiningsandseparations,themoonitsdarkandcleartimes,itsroundingsandwaning.Aseverinsuchmatters,thingsarehardlythewaywewish.Ionlyhopewemayhavelonglonglives,Maysharethemoon’sbeauty,thoughathousandmilesapart.轉朱閣，低綺戶，照無眠。不應有恨，何事長向別時圓？人有悲歡離合，月有陰晴圓缺，此事古難全。但願人長久，千里共長嬋娟。*Sleeplessme LuYou(1125-1210) MostprolificpoetinChinesehistory;leftbehindnearlytenthousandpoemsinhiscollection Notedforhispassionatepatriotism “PhoenixHairpin” XinQiji(1140-1207) MostprolificSongauthoroflyrics;626survive Lyricsshowpassionandadvocacyofpatriotism Tendedtodivorcethemetricalpatternsofthegenrefromtheirearliermusicalbackground “UglyRouge”*釵頭鳳醜奴兒p.371,“PureSereneMusic”byLiQingzhaoYearafteryearinthesnowAlwayswe’dpickplumblossoms,drunkaswewere,Shatteringeverycluster—whatdidwecare?---Andtheircleartearsfellalloverourclothes.Thisyearbysea’sbend,sky’sboarder,Lonely,lonely,grayinvadingbothtemples,Iwatch,aseveningcomes,thewindrisingAndknowthatI‘llbehardputtodiscoverasingleblossom清平樂　　年年雪裏，常插梅花醉，採盡梅花無意，贏得滿衣清淚！　　今年海角天涯，蕭蕭兩鬢生華。看取晚來風勢，故應難看梅花。*WomenintheSong literacyincreasedinfemalepopulation Womenhadmoreopportunitiestoreceiveeducation Educatedwomenbecame“writingwomen” Womenjoinedmercantilecircles Womenbecameactivebusinesspeople“BodhisattvaGuanyin”byJiaShigu,SouthernSong,NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan* Effortsweremadetocurbwomen’sinfluenceandtheirincreasingpowerIdeasandrulesof“chastity”wereimposedonwomenConfucianspushedpublicrecognitionofthevirtueof“femalechastity”Ideasof“awomandoesnotservetwohusbands”becamewidelyaccepted,althoughwomenwereallowedtoremarry“PowderedLadies,”bySuHanchen,Song,BostonArtMusuem* Songwomen’sstatuschangedbecauseofmarriage— Womenweregivenlavishdowrywhentheyweremarriedtoscholarlyfamilies Booksonfamilyruleswrittentolimitwomen’sfreedom YuanCai’sfamilyrules:“Womenshouldnottakepartinaffairsoutsidethehome”“FourBeauties”,anonymous,Song,coloronsilk*****小镇西意中有个人，芳颜二八。天然俏、自来奸黠。最奇绝。是笑时、媚靥深深，百态千娇，再三偎著，再三香滑。久离缺。夜来魂梦里，尤花［歹带］雪。分明似旧家时节。正欢悦。被邻鸡唤起，一场寂寥，无眠向晓，空有半窗残月。*小镇西意中有个人，芳颜二八。天然俏、自来奸黠。最奇绝。是笑时、媚靥深深，百态千娇，再三偎著，再三香滑。久离缺。夜来魂梦里，尤花［歹带］雪。分明似旧家时节。正欢悦。被邻鸡唤起，一场寂寥，无眠向晓，空有半窗残月。**Wutong:paulowniaorChineseparasoltree***SeeTheColumbiaBookofChinesePoetryp.364,pp.365-366,p.368**Sleeplessme*釵頭鳳醜奴兒p.371,****