saej110v003

SAETechnicalStandardsBoardRulesprovidethat:“ThisreportispublishedbySAEtoadvancethestateoftechnicalandengineeringsciences.Theuseofthisreportisentirelyvoluntary,anditsapplicabilityandsuitabilityforanyparticularuse,includinganypatentinfringementarisingtherefrom,isthesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.”SAEreviewseachtechnicalreportatleasteveryfiveyearsatwhichtimeitmaybereaffirmed,revised,orcancelled.SAEinvitesyourwrittencommentsandsuggestions.Copyright©2002SocietyofAutomotiveEngineers,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofSAE.TOPLACEADOCUMENTORDER:Tel:877-606-7323(insideUSAandCanada)Tel:724-776-4970(outsideUSA)Fax:724-776-0790Email:custsvc@sae.orgSAEWEBADDRESS:http://www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ110CAN-CELLEDOCT2002Issued1954-01Cancelled2002-10SupersedingJ110DEC1997Seals—TestingofRadialLip1.Scope—ThisSAERecommendedPracticecoversequipmentandproceduresforgeneralperformanceandlow-temperaturetestsonradialliptypesealsforrotatingshafts.Threetestsectionsareincluded:GeneralPerformanceTest,AlternateGeneralPerformanceTest,andLow-TemperatureTest.2.References2.1ApplicablePublications—Thefollowingpublicationsformapartofthespecificationtotheextentspecifiedherein.Unlessotherwiseindicated,thelatestrevisionofSAEpublicationsshallapply.2.1.1SAEPUBLICATION—AvailablefromSAE,400CommonwealthDrive,Warrendale,PA15096-0001.SAEJ946—ApplicationGuidetoRadialLipSeals2.1.2ISOPUBLICATION—AvailablefromANSI,11West42ndStreet,NewYork,NY10036-8002.ISO6194-4—Rotaryshaftliptypeseals—Part4:Performancetestprocedures3.GeneralPerformanceTest3.1Introduction—Thissectioncoversequipmentandproceduresforhigh-temperatureteststoqualifyradialliptypesealsusingapplicationoperatingconditions.3.2DescriptionofTestApparatus3.2.1Thetestheadshallconsistofanexternallymountedspindleandasuitablehousingforretainingthetestfluidandpositioningtheseal(s)withrespecttotherotatingtestshaft(Figure1).3.2.2Thespindleshallbecapableofcyclingand/ormaintainingconstantshaftspeedswithin±3%.3.2.3Thespindleshallberigidenoughtomaintainthespecifiedtestshaftrunoutunderdynamicconditionswithin±0.03mm(±0.001in)upto6000rpm.Sincehigh-frequencyvibrationsimposedonthedriveshaftduetothedrivemechanismoreccentricpositioningofthetoolingisdetrimentaltosealqualification,theseconditionsshouldbeavoidedorkepttoaminimum.SAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-2-3.2.4Thetestheadshallbesuitablydesignedandconstructedtomaintainthepresetsealborealignmenttothetestshaftaxiswithin±0.03mm(±0.001in)throughtheoperatingtemperaturerange.3.2.4.1Thetestheadsupportshallbesufficientlyrigidtoinsureminimumvibration.3.2.4.2Thetestheadshallbesuitablyconstructedandequippedtocompensateformisalignmentduetotemperaturegradientandtomaintainpressureandtestfluidlevelconditionsrequiredforthetest.3.2.4.3Thetestheadshallbeequippedwithasuitablearrangementforleakagedetermination,suchasacollectorand/orabsorptionpads.3.2.4.4Thetestheadandheattransfersystemshallbecapableofmaintainingthetemperatureofthetestfluidwithin±3°C(±5°F).Heatmustbesuppliedinamannerthatdoesnotsubjectthetestfluidtohighlocalizedtemperaturesandcausefluiddecomposition.Twoacceptablemethodswouldbeexternalelectricalheaterswithwalltemperaturecontrollersorcirculationofexternallyheatedfluid(Figure1).13.2.4.5Thetestheadshallbeventedtotheatmosphere.Lengthofpipeventtobeagreeduponbyuserandsupplier.3.2.5Testshaftsshallbehardenedto30to45Rcandplungegroundtoasurfaceroughnessof0.25to0.50mm(10to20minRa),withnomeasurablelead,unlessagreeduponbyuserandsupplier.Thisfinishmaybeobtainedbyplungegrindingusinganon-wholenumberwheeltowork-piecespeedratio.Finishingmethodsotherthanplungegrindingtobeagreeduponbyuserandsupplier.Ifwearsleevesareusedfortheapplication,theyshouldalsobetested.Alltestshaftsurfacesshouldbefreeofnicks,burrs,inclusions,orotherdetrimentalimperfections.ThespecificationsinthissectionconformtoISO6194-4.ShaftLeadmeasurementstobeconductedinaccordancewithSAEJ946,Section10guidelines.3.3TestConditions—Thetestshouldberealisticandcovertheapplicationoperatingconditions.TheoperatingconditionsshallbeshownintheformofFigure2.Intheeventthatactualapplicationoperatingconditionsarenotknownoraredifficulttoduplicateontestequipment,testconditionsshownonTables2A,2B,or3arerecommended.Inaddition,itisrecommendedthatasealdesignbeevaluatedintheactualapplicationfollowingsuccessfulcompletionofthelaboratorytest.3.4TestSchedule—Theactualapplicationoperationconditionsshouldserveasaguidefortheselectionofthetestschedule.Itshallconsistofapredeterminednumberofhourlyand/ordailytestcyclessuchasshowninTable1.Thetesttemperatureshallbemaintainedduringtheshutdownperiodofthehourlycycle.Duringtheshutdownperiodofthedailycycle,thetestheadtemperatureshouldbeallowedtodroptoambient.1.Informationonmachineswhicharecommerciallyavailableandmeetthesespecificationsmaybeobtainedfromsealmanufacturers.TABLE1—TESTSCHEDULECycleRunningTimeShutdownTimeHourly45min15minDaily20h4hSAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-3-FIGURE1—SCHEMATICSHOWINGTOPVIEW/CROSSSECTIONOFSTANDARDOILORELECTRICALLYHEATEDSEALTESTHEADSAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-4-FIGURE2—SEALAPPLICATIONDATACHARTSAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-5-TABLE2A—TESTPARAMETERS(1)—AUTOMOTIVE(FRONTWHEELDRIVE)1.Tobeusedintheeventthattheactualapplicationparametersarenotused.ApplicationAxleDrivenWheelAxleDeadAxleEngineFrontEngineRearTransmissionFrontPumpTransmissionOutputShaftTransmissionManualInputShaftRunout—[TIR(TotalIndicatorReading)]mm0.250.250.250.250.250.410.25in0.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0160.010STBM(2)Offset2.Shafttoboremisalignment(STBM)—totalindicatorreadingisdoublethevaluelisted.mm0.130.250.250.130.130.200.25in0.0050.0100.0100.0050.0050.0080.010RotationEitherEitherClockwiseCounter-ClockwiseClockwiseEitherClockwiseColdTest(3)3.Forduration,see5.5,5.6,and5.7.Speedrpm(4)4.Rateofaccelerationtobeagreeduponbyuserandsupplier.100100300300300100300Temperature°C±3°-40-40-40-40-40-40-40°F±5°-40-40-40-40-40-40-40HotTestReverseRotation2minat200rpm2minat200rpmNoneNoneNone2minat200rpmNoneSpeedrpm12001200500050005000(5)5.Reciprocationat10strokespermin,atanamplitudeof2.5mm(0.10in)duringshaftrotationpartofcycle.12005000Temperature°C±3°10482141141149Auto.12110710482141141149Man.107107°C±5°220180285285300Auto.250225220180285285300Man.225225DurationHours350350350350400350350SAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-6-TABLE2B—TESTPARAMETERS(1)—AUTOMOTIVE(REARWHEELDRIVE)1.Tobeusedintheeventthattheactualapplicationparametersarenotused.ApplicationAxlePinionAxleWheelEngineFrontEngineRearTransmissionFrontPumpTransmissionRearTransmissionManualInputShaftRunout-[TIR(TotalIndicatorReading)]mm0.250.250.250.250.250.250.25in0.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.010STBM(2)Offset2.Shafttoboremisalignment(STBM)-totalindicatorreadingisdoublethevaluelisted.mm0.130.250.250.130.130.250.25in0.0050.0100.0100.0050.0050.0100.010RotationClockwiseEitherClockwiseCounter-ClockwiseClockwiseCounter-ClockwiseClockwiseColdTest(3)3.Forduration,see5.5,5.6,and5.7.Speedrpm(4)4.Rateofaccelerationtobeagreeduponbyuserandsupplier.300100300300300300300Temperature°C±3°-40-40-40-40-40-40-40°F±5°-40-40-40-40-40-40-40HotTestReverseRotation2minat600rpm2minat200rpmNoneNoneNone2minat600rpmNoneSpeedrpm36001200360036003600(5)5.Reciprocationat10strokespermin,atanamplitudeof2.5mm(0.10in)duringshaftrotation.3600(6)6.Reciprocationat15strokespermin,atanamplitudeof12.7(0.50in)duringshaftrotation.3600Temperature°C±3°9966121121149Auto.1211079966121121149Man.93107°F±5°210150250250300Auto.250225210150250250300Man.200225DurationHours350350350350400350350SAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-7-TABLE3—TESTPARAMETERS(1)—OFFHIGHWAYEQUIPMENTANDGENERAL1.Tobeusedintheeventthattheactualapplicationparametersarenotused.ApplicationAccessoryDriveEngineFrontEngineRearAxlePinionAxleThru-ShaftTandemPinionAxleWheelGeneralShaftRunout-[TIR(TotalIndicatorReading)]mm0.380.250.250.250.250.380.25in0.0150.0100.0100.0100.0100.0150.010STBM(2)Offset2.Shafttoboremisalignment(STBM)-totalindicatorreadingisdoublethevaluelisted.mm0.250.250.250.130.250.250.13in0.0100.0100.0100.0050.0100.0100.005RotationEitherClockwiseCounter-ClockwiseClockwiseCounter-ClockwiseEitherEitherColdTest(3)3.Forduration,see5.5,5.6,and5.7.Speedrpm(4)4.Rateofaccelerationtobeagreeduponbyuserandsupplier.30020020015015060200Temperature°C±3°–40–40–40–40–40–40–40°F±5°–40–40–40–40–40–40–40HotTestReverseRotationNoneNoneNone2minat300rpm2minat300rpm2minat60rpmNoneSpeedrpm3000300030003000300010003000Temperature°C±3°121135135939382107°F±5°250275275200200180225DurationHours350350350350350350350SAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-8-3.5TestProcedure3.5.1Inordertoanalyzethetestresultsmoreaccurately,itisrecommendedthatthefollowingphysicalcharacteristicsealdatabeobtainedbeforeandaftertesting.3.5.1.1LipDiameter3.5.1.2LipOpeningPressureand/orRadialLoad3.5.1.3OuterCaseMeanDiameterandOut-of-Round3.5.1.4SealLiptoCaseODEccentricity3.5.1.5Seallipsshallbeinspectedat7to10diametersmagnificationforchipping,scratches,andraggededgesduetofaultytrim,inadditiontomoldimperfectionssuchasknitlines,incompletefills,orblistering.3.5.2Thetestheadmustbethoroughlycleanedofallcontaminantsandextraneousmatter.3.5.3Theseallipandtestshaftshallbelubricatedwithasmallquantityofthetestfluid.3.5.4Thesealmustbeinstalledinthesealretainersothatthecumulativeeccentricitiesofthesealandthetestheadareknownwheninstalled.MeansmustbeprovidedtoinsurenoODleakagewhenthesealisinstalledinthesealretainerplate.3.5.5Theplaneoftheseallipshallbeperpendiculartotheshaftaxisunlessotherwisespecified.3.5.6Thetestshaftshallbeplacedinsuchapositionthatanunusedsurfaceisincontactwiththesealingelement.3.5.7Testfluidlevelshallbemid-shaftexceptforenginesealswherethefluidlevelshouldbeatthelower1/8oftheshaftdiameter.Enginesealshavenostaticheadofoilastheyaresplashlubricated.3.5.8Thetestshallbestartedandconductedinaccordancewiththeprescribedtestschedule.3.5.9Determinetimetoleakageifitoccurs.Ifleakageisexcessive,terminatethetest.3.5.10Uponterminationofthetest,thesealandtestshaftshallbecarefullyexaminedandtheirconditionsevaluatedandrecorded.3.5.11Aminimumofsixsealsistobetested.3.6CriteriaforAcceptanceandRejection3.6.1Undesirablefluidleakageratespasttheseallip,asevidencedbyvisualexaminationpriortocompletionofthetestschedule.AnacceptedvisualmethodofratingsealleakageduringtestisasfollowsinTable4:TABLE4—CRITERIAFORACCEPTANCEANDREJECTIONRatingNo.Condition1Novisibleleakageofshaft-seallipcontactwhenviewedfromairside.2Asmallminiscusofoilvisibleatshaft-seallipcontact.3Sameas(2)butacontinuedwettingofseallip(airside)andsealcase.4Heavywettingofsealatairsidecontinuingdownsealadapterplate.SAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-9-3.6.1.1Criteriaforacceptancewillvarywithtestdurationandapplicationrequirements.Ratingsof1or2wouldbeacceptableinallinstances.Allowableleakageforrating3or4shouldbeagreeduponbyuserandsupplier.3.6.2Unevenwearoccurringinasmallarcofthesealcontactpath.Thisconditionappearsasasignificantincreaseinwearpathwidthwhichoccursinanarcof45to180degrees.3.6.3Excessivechangesindimensionalandphysicalpropertiesoftheseallipaftertest.Typicalvalueswhichcanbeusedforrejectioncriteriawouldbe:3.6.3.1Changeinmaterialhardnessatsealcontactsurfaceinexcessof±10pointsofIRHD.3.6.3.2Lossofseallipinterferenceinexcessof50%duetomaterialtensionset.3.6.3.3Lossofspringforceinexcessof10%duetothermalstressrelief.4.AlternateGeneralPerformanceTest4.1Introduction—Thissectionisforspring-loadedsealsonly,whereitisnotfeasibletoconductqualificationand/orqualitycontroltestsunderconditionsthatduplicatetheapplicationpertheapplicationdatasheets;becausethesealisusedinavarietyofapplications,thesealisusedunderunknownconditions,orthesealisusedunderconditionsthatareexceptionallydifficulttoduplicateinthelaboratory.4.2DescriptionofTestApparatus—See3.2.4.3TestConditions—Thesetestsshallbeconductedasfollows:4.3.1Shaftoffsetshallbe0.25mm(0.010in)TIR.Dynamicrunoutshallbe0.25mm(0.010in)TIR.4.3.2Theshaftshallrotateattherateof6.1m/s(1200ft/min)forleathersealsand10m/s(2000ft/min)forsyntheticseals.Ineithercase,themaximumshaftspeedshallnotexceed4000rpm.4.3.3ThetestfluidshallbeSAE10motoroil.4.3.4Thetestfluidtemperatureshallbe71°C±3°C(160°F±5°F)forleathersealsand93°C±3°C(200°F±5°F)forsyntheticseals.4.3.5Thetestfluidlevelshallbeatcenterlineofshaftandoperateatatmosphericpressure.4.4TestSchedule—Thetestshallconsistof10dailycycles.(SeeTable1.)5.Low-TemperatureTest5.1Introduction—Thissectioncoversequipmentandproceduresforlow-temperatureteststoqualifyaradialliptypesealdesign.Threefunctionaltestmethodsdescribedare:(a)PreliminaryScreeningTesttoevaluatecrackresistance,(b)DynamicColdCyclingTest,and(c)OptionalDynamicFunctionalTesttoevaluatesealperformanceandefficiency.5.2DescriptionofTestApparatus5.2.1Thetestequipmentspecifiedin3.2(Figure1)shouldbefittedwithacoolingjacketorcoils,ortheentiremachinemaybeplacedinacoldroomtoobtainthedesiredlowtemperaturesofthesealassembly.SAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-10-5.2.2Thetestheadshouldbeinsulatedwithaminimumof50mm(2in)ofpolystyrenefoam(orequivalent)inordertomaintainthespecifiedtemperatures.5.3TestSpecimens5.3.1Twogroupsofsealsshallbeusedfortestsamples:(a)newsealsand(b)sealsthathavebeenagedintheapplicationfluidasfollows:Placesealsonapplicationsizeshaftandpositionassemblyhorizontallyinapplicationfluidtoshaftcenterlinefor70h,atthetemperatureselectedfortheapplicationfromTables2A,2B,or3.Recommendedsamplesize—threesealsfromeachgroup.5.4PretestMeasurementsandPreparation5.4.1Inordertoanalyzethetestresultsmoreaccurately,itisrecommendedthatthefollowingphysicalcharacteristicsealdatabeobtainedbeforeandaftertesting:5.4.1.1LipDiameter5.4.1.2LipOpeningPressureand/orRadialLoad5.4.1.3OuterCaseMeanDiameterandOut-of-Round5.4.1.4RadialWallVariation5.4.1.5SpringLoadatSpecifiedDeflectedLength5.4.1.6VisualExaminationofSealLipsUnder7to10XMagnification5.4.1.7ShaftDiameterandAxialSurfaceRoughness5.4.2Shaftsshouldbeexaminedunder20Xmagnificationandbefreeofdefectsthatwouldbedetrimentaltosealing,suchasnicks,burrs,scratches,andmachininglead.5.4.3Installthetestshaftsandsetdynamicrunoutandboremisalignment,usingTables2A,2B,or3asaguide.5.4.4Pre-lubethesealingelementand/orshaftasspecifiedfortheapplication.5.4.5Installthesealsinthetestmachinesothattheminimumradialwalldimensionandboremisalignmentareonthesameline,toprovidetheleastpossiblelipinterferenceatonepoint.5.4.6Installtwothermocouples,oneatapproximately13mm(0.5in)fromthebottomoftheseallip,inthetestfluidandoneinthegarterspring.Itisrecommendedthata0.13mm(0.005in)thickpieceofshimstock,withathermocouplebondedtoit,beinsertedbetweenthegarterspringcoilstominimizesealingelementdistortion.5.5PreliminaryScreeningTest5.5.1Thistestistoserveasascreeningtesttoquicklyevaluatethecapabilityofasealmaterialanddesigntoresistcrackingwhenflexedbythedynamicrunoutoftheshaft.Theapplicationoperatingconditionsshouldserveasaguideinselectedtestparameters.Whenapplicationconditionsarenotavailable,itisrecommendedthatthevaluesinTables2A,2B,or3beused.5.5.2TESTSPECIMENS—See5.3.5.5.3PRETESTMEASUREMENTSANDPREPARATION—See5.4.SAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-11-5.5.4TESTSCHEDULE—Thetestshallbestartedandconductedinaccordancewiththefollowingschedule:5.5.4.1Withoutanytestlubricantinthesump,lowerthesealtemperaturetothevaluespecifiedfortheapplication.5.5.4.2Maintainthesealtemperatureforaminimumof2htoinsureequilibriumhasbeenobtained.5.5.4.3Rotatetheshaftat60rpm±10%fora10speriod.5.5.4.4Heattestheadtoroomtemperatureandremovesealsfrommachine.5.5.4.5Uponterminationofthetest,theseallip(s)shouldbeexaminedforfailure.Thelipsectionsshouldbeinspectedforaxialcrackingatthecontactlineandradialcrackingthroughtheflexsection.Typicalfailuresconsistofcrackingthroughthelipsections(axiallyandcircumferentially).5.6TestProcedure2—DynamicColdCyclingTest5.6.1Thistestshouldservetoevaluatethecoldabrasionandleakagecharacteristicsofasealmaterialanddesign.Theactualapplicationoperatingconditionsshouldserveasaguideforthetestschedule.Whereitisnotfeasibletoconducttestsunderconditionsthatduplicatetheapplication,itisrecommendedthatthevaluesinTables2A,2B,or3beused.5.6.2TESTSPECIMENS—See5.3.5.6.3PRETESTMEASUREMENTSANDPREPARATION—See5.4.5.6.4TESTSCHEDULE5.6.4.1Lowertestheadtemperaturetothevaluespecifiedfortheapplication.5.6.4.2Whenallthethermocouplesindicatespecifiedtemperatures,soakforanadditional15mintoinsureequilibriumhasbeenreached.5.6.4.3Terminatecooling,startthemachine,andrunatcoldtestapplicationspeedshownonTables2A,2B,or3for10min.5.6.4.4IncreasespeedtohottestspecificationasshowninTables2A,2B,or3andcontinueoperationuntilthesumptemperaturereaches20°C±3°C(68°F±5°F).5.6.4.5Stopmachineandreverserotation,ifrequiredbytheapplication,for2minasshowninTables2A,2B,or3.5.6.4.6Stopmachineandrepeatforaminimumof10testcycles.5.6.4.7Uponterminationofthetest,removesealsfromthetestmachineandinspectforlipcrackingandwearcharacteristics.5.6.4.8Criteriaforwearrate,withrespecttoacceptanceorrejection,ispresentlybeingstudied.Acceptancewillvarywithtestdurationandapplication.5.7TestProcedure3—(Optional)DynamicFunctionalTest5.7.1Thistestshouldservetoevaluateabrasionandleakagecharacteristicsunderhot-andcold-dynamicconditions.SAEJ110CancelledOCT2002-12-5.7.2TESTSPECIMENS—See5.3.5.7.3PRETESTMEASUREMENTSANDPREPARATION—See5.4.5.7.4TESTSCHEDULE5.7.4.1TestSchedule—Follow5.6.4.1through5.6.4.6.5.7.4.2Afterthetenthcycle,stopthemachine,increasespeedtohottestspecificationsasshowninTables2A,2B,or3andrunfor16hinforwardmodewithnoheatadded.Recordleakage,ifany.5.7.4.3Allowmachinetoreturntoroomtemperature.5.7.4.4Uponterminationoftest,removesealsfromthemachineandrecordthefollowingdata:5.7.4.4.1LipDiameter5.7.4.4.2LipOpeningPressureand/orradialload.5.7.4.4.3WearPatternWidth5.7.4.4.4Noteiflipiscracked.Photographforwearpathcharacteristics.Referto5.6.4.8.PREPAREDBYTHESAEMOTORVEHICLECOUNCILSAEJ110CancelledOCT2002Rationale—Sealexpertisemovedoutsideoftheautomotiveareaandtherearenoexpertstocontinuethework,hencetherecommendationforcancellationandmovetoRMA.RelationshipofSAEStandardtoISOStandard—Notapplicable.Application—ThisSAERecommendedPracticecoversequipmentandproceduresforgeneralperformanceandlow-temperaturetestsonradialliptypesealsforrotatingshafts.Threetestsectionsareincluded:GeneralPerformanceTest,AlternateGeneralPerformanceTest,andLowTemperatureTest.ReferenceSectionSAEJ946—ApplicationGuidetoRadialLipSealsISO6194-4—Rotaryshaftliptypeseals—Part4:PerformancetestproceduresDevelopedbytheSAEMotorVehicleCouncil