英语五大基本句型导学案

Timeis缪.Theclassisover.()英语五大基本句型导学案学习目标掌握五大基本句型的用法。.2•培养学生运用语言能力。自学指导(句子成分)(-)定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(—)主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：TOC\o"1-5"\h\zDuringthe1990s,Americancoim幻musichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.()oftenspeakEnglishinclass.()One-third^thestudentsinthisclassaregirls.()Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.()Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.()Therichshouldhelpthepoor.()Wfee"wearegoingtohaveanEnglish伽/hasnotbeendecided.()Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.()谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.由系动词加表语构成。如：Wegrestudents.表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：TOC\o"1-5"\h\zOurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.()Isityours?()Theweatherhasturnedcold.()Thespeechisexciting.()Threetimessevenistwentyonel()HisjohistoteachEnglish,.()Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.()Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThetruthisthathehas“em*beenabroad.()宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.()Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.()Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihave^ve.()Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.()Hepretendednottogggme.()IenjoyUstenin辛topopularnrnaic.()Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.()宾语种类(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)，例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)，例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.(A)宾语木卜足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHisfathernamedhimDongming.()Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.()Letthefreshair也.()Youmustn'tforce心iendhismoneytovo”.()Wesawhetgnterin号theroom.()Wefoundeverythinginthelab加goodorder.()Wewillsoonmakeourcitycityisnow.()(七)定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.()Chinaisadevelopin%country;Americais^developedcountry.()Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.()HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.()Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirstfoenterthectasgroom.()Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.()HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEn拓ligh.()(7\)状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.()Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.()Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.()Heisintheroommakin客amodelplane.()Waitaminute.()Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.()牛刀小试:一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Hehandedmethenewspaper.shallansweryourquestionafterclass.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Henoticedamanentertheroom.Theapplestastedsweet.展示点拨基本句型一：S+V基本句型二：S+V+P基本句型三：S+V+0基本句型四：S+V+IO+O基本句型石：S+V+0+C英语五种基本句型列式如下:（主+谓）（主+系+表）（主+谓+宾）（主+谓+间宾+直宾）（主+谓+宾+宾补）基本句型一*S+V（主+谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。这些动词常见的有:takeplace,happen,breakout,appear,disappear,apologize,arrive,come,die,exist,fall,rise,hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等等。(2)有些动词如wash,sell,burn,write,clean,draw,cook,read等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。1.Timeflies.2.Themoonrose・3.Themancooked.4.Wealleat,anddrink.5.Everybodylaughed?6.1woke.7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.8.Hewalkedyesterday9.Heisplaying10.Theyhavegone基本句型二S+V+P（主+系+表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另：stay,prove,remain,stand（3）形容词，名词，现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语。SV（是系动词）P（表语）1.ThisisanEnglishdietionary.2.Thedinnersmells（闻）good.3.Hefellhappy.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heistallandstrong.6.Thebookisinteresting.7.Theweatherbecamewarmer.8.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型三S+V+0(主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。SV(实义动词)0(宾语)Whoknowstheanswers?ShelaughatherHeunderstandsEnglishHemadecakesTheyatesomeapplesDannylikesdonutsIwanttohaveacupofteaHesaid“Goodmorning"3主语+谓语+宾语这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：我要一杯茶。他喜欢每天练习口语。我昨天看了一部名叫GoneWithTheWind的电影。注意：只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有：afford,agree,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,,wish,arrange,learn,etc.动词之后只能跟动名词做宾语:acknowledge(承认)，admit,appreciate(感激)，avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,prevent,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,practice,quit(放弃)，risk,stand,suggest,advise等；动词短语有：goon,giveup,putoff,feellike等。练习：(1)你能想象他通过这次考试了吗？(imagine)你做完作业了吗？(finish)我们必须避免再犯这样的错误。avoid你介不介意我在这吸烟？mind基本句型四S+V+10+0(主+谓+间宾+直宾)此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。这类词常有pass,give,offer,bring,buy,show,teach,ask等这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词+宾语+forsb.(buy,)；动词+宾语+tosb.(give,offer,show)如：测试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ：昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物。请把你的画给我。他问了我一个奇怪的问题。主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 的。通常放在宾语的后面。如:Thenewsmademeexcited.这里excited就是me的宾语补足语。1)、不定式作宾补A•不定式前带to常用的动词有：advise,cause,allow,drive,encourage,expect,force,intend,invite,permit,tell,trust,urge,persuade,remind,teach,want,warn,get,ask,forbid,beg,require,tempt,enable,lead,等，以及表示"情感状态"的动词love,like,prefer,hate等后面跟带to的不定式作补语.汉译英练习：他叫我跟他一起去逛街。老师告诉他今晚六点钟过来这里。玛丽提醒我要准时参加会议村民们不允许他们做这。(allow)他说服了弟弟上床睡觉。爸爸警告我不要吸烟。B•不定式前不带to表示"感觉"的动词see,hear,watch,notice,observe,feel等和三个表示"致使"的动词make,3.我发觉这本书很有趣。4.我觉得跟他聊天很有趣。have,let后面跟不带to的不定式作补语.小试身手：我听到了他在房间里唱歌。我让他打扫了教室。我注意到他走进了那家工厂。C.不定式为tobe在——些动词后面的宾语补足语常是tobe,如：believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,know,prove,suppose,feel,think,understand等等。汉译英这个 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 证明是错的。我认为他是一个好学生。、分词作宾补分词作宾语补足语时，如果分词与宾语构成'主谓关系〃，用现在分词；如果构成'动宾关系〃，则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有：find,feel,get,have,hear,keep,notice,see,watch,make,leave等。练习：我让机器整个晚上在运转。have我听到我的名字被人叫。hear我注意到杯子碎了。notice老师让学生一直在阅读课文。(keep)我让门锁着。(keep)、形容词作宾补常用形容词作宾补的动词有：keep,leave,find,make,feel,think,consider等学生要保持课室清洁。2.不要留着门开着。4）、名词作宾补常用名词作宾补的动词有：find,name,call,elect,make,choose等例如：ThecouplenamedthechildTomWechoosehimmonitor5）、由as构成的短语作宾补常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有:consider--•as,treat•••&$,regard---as,lookon---as,have•••as,take---as,thinkof---as等Therebe句型此句型是由there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有thereis/are…过去有therewas/were•••将来有therewillbe---/thereis/aregoingtobe...可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...过去一直有thereusedtobe•似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe•••碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。合作探究：（小组合作，快乐学习）判断以下句子属于哪种类型Iheardthegirlplayingthepianointhenextroom。Thereusedtobeawellinthevillage.Hehaslivedinthecottageforover15years..whathesaidmademeangry.Thesouptastesdelicious.Theteachersawtwoboysplayfootballontheplayground.MrSmithinvitedmetohavedinneryesterday。Theoldmanistellingthechildrenastory.Infrontofourteachingbuildingstandsometrees.weshouldrespectourtacher.Thesunrisesintheeast.hadmybikerepairedlastweek.当堂检测amsorrytohavekeptyou.A.waitB.towaitC.waitingD.waitedShefoundherdogoverbyacarontheroad.A.runB.ranC.torunrunningRoseisgoingtohaveherhair.A.doB.doneC.didD.doingShefeltsomebodyher.A.touchedB.touchesC.touchD.totouchShetaughthimspeakEnglish.A.howB.howcouldheC.howhecouldD.howtoTOC\o"1-5"\h\zHedidn'tenjoytheplaybecausehe.A.wasboringB.boredC.wasboredD.boringIwillmakeyourdream.A.comestrueB.tocometrueC.comingtrulyD.cometrueHewarnedhome.A.ustonotgoB.usnottogoC.wenotgoD.usnotgoCannedfooddoesnotgo.A.bedeasilyB.badlyeasyC.badeasyD.badlyeasilyThesadnewskeptherallthenight.A.awakeB.wakenC.wakeD.towake5拓展提高Ithinkabadhabittogetuplate.A.thatB.itC.thisD.itsTOC\o"1-5"\h\zHefoundhismoney.D.A.stealB.stealingC.stolenD.tostealRosesinbloomsmell.A.sweetlyB.sweetC.sweetenD.sweetnessWemusthavethemachine.A.torepairB.repairingC.repairD.repairedShewaslyinginthesofaabook.A.readingB.readC.toreadD.toreadingAtelevisionsetwillkeepusofthenewsoftheday.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.informB.toinformC.informedD.informingThespeakerfoundhimselfallalone.A.leftB.leaveC.leavingD.toleaveThespeakerfoundhimself.A.misunderstandB.misunderstandingC.misunderstoodD.tomisunderstand-Mywatchisbroken.-Whydon'tyou.A.takearepaireryourwatchB.takeyourwatcharepairerC.taketoarepaireritD.takeittoarepairerIheardyouwenttothemuseumyesterdayandcouldn'tfindthehotel.A.howtoreturntoB.howyoucouldgoforC.thewaybackforD.thewaybacktoYesterdaywasmybirthday.Mymother.A.madeacaketomeB.madeacakemeC.madeformeacakeD.mademeacakeHewasseenbytheriveryesterday.AtoplayBplayedCtobeplayDplay