《新编商务英语翻译》教案

Unit1BusinessTravelⅠ.ObjectivesAfterstudyingthisunit,theStudents(abbr.Ss)shouldgetthegeneralideaofwhatbusinesstravelisandwhatthecharacteristicsofbusinesstravelaresoastobeabletotranslatethearticlesonbusinesstravelintoChineseorviceversaaccordingtothetranslationskillsinfocusaboutSplitting.Ⅱ.Detailedplan1.TeachingMethods:student-oriented2.TeachingPeriods:4Periods3.Keypoints:1)Toknowthegeneralbackgroundknowledgeofwhatbusinesstravelis;2)Tounderstandthetranslationskillsinfocusaboutsplitting;3)Totranslatethetextsappropriatelypayingspecialattentiontonotesandcommentsbehindthetexts;4)Tofinishtasksfortranslationexercisesbehindthetexts.4.Difficultpoints:1)Tounderstandthetranslationalskillinfocusaboutsplitting;2)Totranslatethetextsappropriatelypayingspecialattentiontonotesandcommentsbehindthetexts.5.Teachingprocedures1)Lead-inwork(1)Whatisbusinesstravel?ItincludesCommercialBusinessTravel,ConventionTravel,ExhibitionTravel,IncentiveTravel,PublicRelationsTravel,SpecialProgramTravelandSalesandMarketingTravel.(2)Whatarethecharacteristicsofbusinesstravel?(SeeP2)1.Time2.Qualityofservices3.LanguageExample: WelcometotheChinaIncentiveBusinessTravelandMeetingsExhibition-CIBTM  TheChinaIncentive,BusinessTravel&MeetingsExhibitionistheleadinginternationaleventforthebusinesstravelandmeetings,incentives,conferencesandeventsindustry(otherwiseknownasMICE)inChinaandthewiderAsiaregion.CIBTMisanawardwinningeventtakingplaceannuallyinBeijing.TheaimsofCIBTMaretoprovideabusinessplatformforinternationalandregionalvenues,hotels,destinationsandsupplierstomeetwithmeetingplanners,incentivetravelbuyersandthoseinvolvedinthemeetingsandincentivesindustryfromChinaandAsia.2)Skillinfocus:splitting1.一个句子内两个分句平等，分译成两个句子也可。Theirlittlewhitecabinsclusterincrediblyonrockledges;theirsmallpotatopatchesarescratchedwithheroicindustryinthehardrock.他们的白色小屋三五成群地坐落在伸向海边的悬崖上，若非亲眼所见，实难相信。那小块小块的马铃薯地是他们以勤劳勇敢的精神从岩缝中抠出来的。2.两个分句之间有并列连词 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示并列关系，也可拆开来译。Titian-bluehills,blueskies,seasthatrivaltheblueofNaples;butinbadweathertheAtlanticwavesscreamoneverysideofthem,andthewindsfromtheeastgotearingroundthemountainslikefortythousanddevils.黛青色的山峦，蔚蓝的天空，可以与那不勒斯媲美的蓝湛湛的海。可是在天气不好的时候，大西洋的波涛在四周呼啸，东边刮来的朔风像千万个妖魔在山间奔腾。3．含定语从句的句子:在英汉互译中，特别是英译汉中，如能将定语从句译成前置定语，则避免其它译法；如不合适，一般分译成分译成另外一个独立的句子或另一种从句，如状语从句等,e.g.⑴Iamgoingtoseemygrandmother,whowasillinbed,totakehersomebutterandeggsandafresh-bakedcakethatmymotherhasmadeforher.我去看病在床上的祖母，给她带些奶油、鸡蛋和妈妈刚刚烤好的蛋糕。（译成前置定语）⑵Elizabethwasdeterminedtomakenoeffortforconversationwithawoman,whowasnowmorethanusuallyinsolentanddisagreeable.伊莉莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话，这个女人现在异常无礼，十分令人反感。（定语从句译成另外一句）　⑶Theytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadallthemorefuriouslythroughoutthecountry.他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈来愈猛，遍及全国。（从句译成状语）⑷Hevisitedmanyplaces,inallofwhichhewasreceivedwiththeusualenthusiasmwhichattendedhisarduouslabors.他访问了许多地方，到处受到热烈的欢迎。他的艰苦努力是经常受到热烈欢迎的。（原文长句中含有两个定语从句，译成两个独立的句子，意思显得很清楚）4.一个长句包含作者的多步逻辑推理，英译汉时可用分译法。Thusithappenedthatwhenthenewfactoriesthatwerespringinguprequiredlabor,tensofthousandsofhomelessandhungryagriculturalworkers,withtheirwivesandchildren,wereforcedintothecitiesinsearchofwork,anywork,underanycondition,thatwouldkeepthemalive.于是，就出现了这样的现象，正当新办的工厂纷纷成立、需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘的从事农业的劳动者，携妻带女，被迫流入城市；他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不讲什么条件，只要不让他们饿死就行。5．一个汉语长句往往讲好几个话 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，最好按话题拆开来译。⑴我军的现代化，就是要有一支强大的陆军空军海军，要有现代化的武器装备，包括导弹和核武器，要严格训练，要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领，熟练掌握使用现代化武器装备的新技术，以及随之而来的新战术。Ourarmy’smodernizationcallsforpowerfulground,airandnavalforcesandmodernarmsandequipment,includingguidedmissilesandnuclearweapons;itcallsforrigorousandhardtrainingtodeveloptheabilitytowipeouttheenemyasrequiredinactualcombat;itcallsformasteryofthenewtechniquesinvolvedinhandlingmodernarmsandequipmentandofthenewtacticsentailed.⑵一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。Onespringevening,myparentsheldabanquetinthegardenwhereallsortsofflowerswereinfullbloom.Instantly,acrowdofguestsgatheredtogetherandtheirlaughterwasheardalloverthere.⑶这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。ThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.AnimportanttopicfordiscussingatourgatheringswastheprosperityofChinesenationinthe21stcentury.名家论译（CelebritiesonTranslation）杨绛：原文冗长的复句，可以包含主句，分句……如果必定要按原著一句还它一句，就达不出原文的意义，所以断句是免不了的。 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 是分清这一句的主句、分句以及各种词组；并认明以上部分的从属关系，在这个基础上把原句断成几句，重新组织，不论原句怎样曲折复杂，读懂了总分的清。3)Notesandcomments1.Itisrecommendedthatbusinesstravelersprepareforcountryvisitsbyreadingtravelguides,whicharelocatedinthetravelsectionofmostlibrariesandbookstores:我们建议商务旅行者通过阅读旅游指南对到访国有所准备，旅游指南在大多数图书馆和书店的旅游柜台。Itisrecommendedthat被动句可在主语加“我们”使句子完整又符合汉语习惯。Section译为柜台。2.Lackoffamiliaritywiththebusinesspractices,socialcustoms,andetiquetteofacountrycanweakenacountry’spositioninthemarket,preventitfromaccomplishingitsobjects,andultimatelyleadtofailure:不熟悉商务习惯、社会风俗和一个国家的礼仪会削弱一个公司在市场上的地位，妨碍完成公司的目标并最终导致失败。句中Lackoffamiliaritywith可译为不熟悉。3.Amisunderstandingovergestureisacommonoccurrenceininterculturalcommunication,andmisinterpretationalongtheselinescanleadtobusinesscomplicationsandsocialembarrassment:在跨文化交际中，对手势的误解经常发生，这些过程中的曲解就会导致商务的复杂化和社交的困窘。Misunderstanding意为“误解”，无意识；而misinterpretation意为“曲解”则有意识。4.AseriesofgeologicalaccidentshasmadeAustraliaoneoftheworld’smostattractivecountriesfromthetouristspointofview.地质史上，这块土地的面貌形态发生了一系列变化，使澳大利亚成了旅游者眼中世界上最吸引人的国家之一。这里geologicalaccidents译为地质史上，fromthetouristspointofview译为旅游者眼中。5.登上日观峰，举目远眺，只见山外有山，景外有景，无限风光，摄人心魂。WhenwereachtheRiguanPeakandlookaroundinthedistance,wewillfindourselvescarriedawayininvoluntaryadmirationbytheoverpoweringendlessvistasofmountainsbeyondmountainsandscenerybeyondscenery.这里“山外有山，景外有景”译为“mountainsbeyondmountainsandscenerybeyondscenery”较符合英文的习惯。6十二亿人口的中国保持稳定和加快发展,对促进亚太地区和世界的稳定和发展具有极其重要的意义。有两种译法：Chinaisacountrywith1.2billionpeople.ItsstabilityandrapiddevelopmentareofvitalimportancetothestabilityanddevelopmentinAsia-Pacificandtheworldatlarge.（分译）Or:ThestabilityandrapiddevelopmentofChina,whichhasapopulationof1.2billion,areofvitalimportancetothestabilityanddevelopmentinAsia-Pacificandtheworldatlarge.（保持原句结构）7贵校已故的史密斯教授,就是毕生从事中国历史文化研究的知名学者。也可以采用下面两种方法翻译：ThelateProfessorSmithwasawell-knownscholarfromyouruniversity.HedevotedallhislifetothestudyofChinesehistoryandculture.(分译)Or:ThelateProfessorSmithfromyouruniversitywasawell-knownscholarwhodevotedallhislifetothestudyofChinesehistoryandculture.（使用从句）8.这里的每个季节都有独特的魅力。春天，绿茵茵的山坡上，争其斗艳的花朵到处可见。夏天，泰山的雷暴雨堪称奇观。秋天，枫树叶漫山遍野，蔚蓝色的河水穿流而行。冬天，雪盖群峰松披霜，景观素雅悲壮，别有一番情趣。Eachseasonherehasitsbeauty:brightflowersinfullbloomcoveringthegreenslopesinspring,spectacularsummerthunderstormswhicharerarelyseenelsewhere,blueriversrunningacrossthemountainsoverlaidwithredmapleleavesinfall,andsnow-cappedmountainsandfrostedpinetreesinwinterthatstageaquietgrandeurspectacleofparticularinterest.这里“雪盖群峰松披霜”直译为“snow-cappedmountainsandfrostedpinetrees”。9.位于中国东部的泰山一直被视为吉祥之地。古代帝王择泰山登临，供食祭品，祭祀天地，为国家的繁荣祥和而祈祷。MountTai,locatedinEastChina,hasbeenregardedasapropitiousplace.Ancientemperorsprayedforthecountry’sprosperityandpeacebyofferingsacrificestoHeavenandEarthonMountTai.句中“择泰山登临”意译为“prayedforthecountry’sprosperityandpeace”这里把基督教的祈祷pray文化依植如佛教的供拜。4)ExercisesandHomeworkAssignmentTranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChineseorviceversa.(1)ItisaNATOmatter;anycommentonitshouldappropriatelycomefromNATO.(2)Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofearthattheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.(3)Anoutsider’ssuccesscouldevencuriouslyhelptwopartiestogettheagreementtheywant.Referenceversion(1)这是北约组织的事宜，对此事的任何评论应该由北约组织决定，这才是恰当的。(2)如果年轻人由于某种原因认为自己有可能在战斗中死去，想到生活所能提供的最美好的东西自己全部无法享受，觉得受了骗，而感到痛苦，这是无可指责的。(3)说来奇怪，一个局外人取得的成功竟然能够促使双方达成一项他们希望得到的 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 。Assignment:1.Therewasnohasteorrestlessnessinhismannerbutapoisedfriendliness.2.Koppelenteredandwasflabbergastedwhenhispatienttookhispineapplejuicewithoutawhimper.3.Shefelttheneedofabreathoffreshairandadrinkofwater,butdidnotventuretostir.4.Crowdingdowntothewaterarerowsoflowhouses,dirtyanddark,inhabitedbycountlessthousandsofpoorfolk,whosedaysarespentinunendingtoilandthestruggletokeepalive.5.Thediscoveryofsurplusvaluesuddenlythrewlightontheproblem,intryingtosolvewhichallpreviousinvestigations,ofbothbourgeoiseconomistsandsocialcritics,hadbeengropinginthedark.Suggestedanswers:1.他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。2柯柏走了进来，看见他的病人毫无怨言地喝下菠萝汁，惊奇地目瞪口呆。3她感到需要呼吸一些新鲜空气，喝些水，但是她不敢动。4沿河挤满了一排排又暗又黑的矮房子，不计其数的穷苦百姓居住在这里，他们经年累月永无休止地辛苦干活，挣扎着活下去。5由于剩余价值的发现，这里就豁然开朗了，而先前无论资产阶级经济学家或者社会主义批评家所做的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索。5)AssessmentAccordingtotheresultoftranslationversions,mostofstudentscangraspthetranslationskillaboutsplittinginthisunit.Also,studentslearnhowtotranslatetherelatedarticlesabouttravelbusinesswithsplittingmethod.However,theystillmadesomemistakeshereandthereinthetranslationversion.Unit2KnowledgeEconomyⅠ.ObjectivesAfterstudyingthisunit,theStudents(abbr.Ss)shouldknowwhatknowledgeeconomyisandbeabletotranslatethearticlesonknowledgeeconomyaswellasmasterthetranslationskillabouttransferredepithetsoastotranslatethearticlesonknowledgeeconomyintoChineseorviceversaⅡ.Detailedplan1.TeachingMethods:student-oriented2.TeachingPeriods:4Periods3.Keypoints:1)Toknowthegeneralbackgroundknowledgeofwhatknowledgeeconomyis;2)Tounderstandthetranslationskillsinfocusabouttransferredepithet;3)Totranslatethetextsappropriatelypayingspecialattentiontonotesandcommentsbehindthetexts;4)Tofinishtasksfortranslationexercisesbehindthetexts.4.Difficultpoints:1)Tounderstandthetranslationalskillinfocusabouttransferredepithet;2)Totranslatethetextsappropriatelypayingspecialattentiontonotesandcommentsbehindthetexts.5.Teachingprocedures1)Lead-inwork(1)Whatisknowledgeeconomy?Itisafocalpointwithitscharacteristicsofbeingspeedy,globalandknowledge-drivenin21stcenturyandwewillnotsucceeduntilknowledgeeconomyishighlyrespectedactively.Knowledgeeconomyisshortforeconomybasedonknowledge,namely,suchkindofeconomyisbaseduponintelligenceresourcesofintenseknowledgeandtherolethatinformation,technologyandlearningplayinoureconomicactivitiesisbecomingmoreandmorefocused.Asaformalconcept,theknowledgeeconomywasfirstseenbytheinternationalsocietyinthedocumententitled“TheKnowledge-basedEconomy”issuedbytheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment（OECD）inParisin1996.Andtheknowledge-basedeconomywasdefinedasaneconomywhichisbasedontheproduction,allocationandutilityofknowledgeandinformation.(2)Howdoesitcomparewithotherformsofeconomy?Itcontrastswithagriculturaleconomyandindustrialeconomy.Agriculturaleconomyisbasedonvasetractoffarm-landandnumerouslaborswhileindustrialeconomyisbasedontherefineryandprocessingandmanufacturingofnaturalandmineralresourcesandmaterialswithhugeconsumptionofrawmaterialsandenergy,butknowledgeeconomyismainlybasedonconstantlyinnovatedknowledgeandusesitasthefirstdrivingforce.Thiseconomyisanewmodeofeconomytofindasolutiontotheproblemssuchasnaturalresourcesbecomingincreasinglyscarcesoastopursueanewdevelopmentoptionoropportunity.Comparedwiththeindustrialeconomy,knowledgeeconomyboastsitsmeritsofemployingappropriatesumofresourcesandfunds,itisbasedonaswellasgivesfullplaytointellectualresourcesandthefunctionsofknowledgeanditalsodependsontheaccumulationandutilityofeffectiveinformation.Thepurposeistoenhancetheharmonybetweenhumanbeingsandthenatureandtopromotesustainabledevelopment.Itcanbetterrepresentthelawofvaluewhichcaresboththeeconomicdevelopmentandhumanprogress.2)Skillinfocus:transferredepithetTransferredepithetisafigureofspeechinwhichtheepithetistransferredfromtheappropriatenountomodifyanothertowhichitdoesnotreallybelong.移就修辞格在作品中经常出现，能收到以少胜多、含蕴深远的表达效果。什么是移就呢？在辞海解释如下：甲乙两项关联，就把原来属于形容甲事物的修饰语移属乙事物，叫移就。唐铖《修辞格》说：“两个观念联系在一起时，一个的形容词常常移用于他一个上头。”移就是一种超乎常格的语言现象，也是词语搭配的创造性运用。通过词语的移用，将人的情绪、状态同事物联系起来，不需要耗费更多的笔墨，极简练地把人的情绪、思想、性格鲜明地表达出来，或将事物的形状、本质突出出来，而且使语言出奇制胜，富于变化，饶有情趣。移就的种类：移人于物和移物于物。好像有点与拟人和拟物类似。移人于物，就是把原来形容人的修饰语移用于物。如：郁达夫《还乡记》中：“我女人经过的悲哀的足迹，现在有我一步步的践踏过去！”“悲哀”原是表现人的心情悲凉、哀伤，这里用来修饰“足迹”。朱自清《荷塘月色》中：“叶子底下是脉脉的流水。”“脉脉”是指默默地用眼神或行动表达情意，形容人含情的样子，有“脉脉含情”“盈盈一水间，脉脉不得语”之词句，这里却用来修饰“流水”。陆游《过采石有感》：“明日重寻石头路，醉鞍谁与共联翩。”“醉”的本是放翁，表现其情态，这里却移用于“鞍”。移物于物，把形容甲事物的修饰语移用于乙事物。如：鲁迅《纪念刘和珍君》中把描摹颜色的“浓黑”用来修饰“悲凉”，表现“悲凉”的沉重浓烈：“我将深味这非人间的浓黑的悲凉——”峻青《海滨仲夏夜》中“晚霞”原不会“燃烧”，这里却把此词移用来形容“晚霞”的形态和色彩。“西边的天空，还燃烧着一片橘红色的晚霞。”李瑛《一月的哀思》中把描摹颜色的“苍白”同来修饰“日子”，表现“日子”让人伤恸：“我不相信，一九七六年的日历，会埋藏着这样苍白的日子。”"移就"在英语中是比较常用的一种修辞格。要求语言简练含蓄,表情达意丰富深刻,往往意在言外。作为听者或读者一般"只可意会,不可言传"。但是,作为译者不仅要意会还要言传。要做到这一点,既要对原文中的移就修辞格进行充分的理解,而且还要运用恰当的翻译手段将这一生动形象的修辞手段完美地传译出来。1.直译对那些较容易理解的或其表达方式与汉语相同或相近的英语移就修辞格可以采取直译的方式进行传译。这样在形式上和功能上都实现了与原语的对等,既保持了原语的简洁含蓄,又不影响读者或听者的理解。例如:1)Iwassurprisedtofindhimlivinginsuchdrabandcheerlesssurroundings.我意外地发现他住在如此单调而阴郁的环境中。2)Theindefatigablebellnowsoundedforthefourthtime.那不知疲倦的钟声现在敲第四遍了。3)Thesailorsswarmedintoalaughingandcheeringringaroundthetwomen.水手们蜂拥而至,汇成欢笑与呼喊的一圈,把那两人围在中心。4)Hisfootmadeaslightreproachfulsound.他的脚步发出了微微的责备声。2.位置还原翻译英语中移就的主要特点是将修饰语移位,这种移位有时如果照直翻译可能会导致行文不符合汉语的表达习惯,从而影响译文效果。这时,可以采取位置还原的翻译方法,将修饰语置于它本来应该修饰的中心词前,即将被转移的修饰语游离于它所修饰的表层结构而还原到深层结构。例如:1)Ienjoythecleanvoluptuousnessofthewarmbreezeonmyskinandthecoolsupportofthewater.我喜爱那清新的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉的快感,也喜爱那凉爽的流水把我的身体托浮在水面的惬意。(原语中的cool被转移用来修饰support,译文将其还原到water上。)（章振邦译）赏析："voluptuousness"不会"clean",是"breeze""clean","support"不会"cool",是"water""cool"，这种“甲乙两项相关联，就把原属于形容甲的修饰语移属于乙”的修饰手法叫“移就”(transferredepithet)（《英语修辞赏析》，第145页）。在翻译带有移就修辞手法的英语句子时，有时需要按照汉语习惯将属于甲的修饰语还给甲，章振邦先生在这个译例里就做了这种处理。除此之外，译者还进行了结构上的调整，将原句拆译为两个排比句，加强了译句的表现力。译句的选词也极为考究，整个译句读来音韵流动，口齿生香。2)Herhairwascarelesslydone,inquisitivewispsstoopedoftenoverherforeheadtopeepatthedarkwonderofhereyes.她的头发只是随便地梳了一下,几绺儿常搭在额上的头发就像打探的人儿,窥视着她充满好奇的黑眼睛。(原语中的dark被转移用来修饰wonder,译文将其还原到eyes上。)3.状语化翻译移就修辞格中被转移的修饰语与被修饰的中心词在表层结构上往往是一种定语关系,但在深层结构中实际上往往表示一种方式。因此,在翻译时我们可以将原语中作定语的被转移的修饰语译为相应的状语。例如:1)Rushingthrongs,blindedbythedarknessandthesmoke,rusheduponestreetanddownthenext,tramplingthefalleninacrazyfruitlessdashtowardsafety.在黑暗和浓烟中盲目狂奔的人群,穿街过巷,践踏着倒下的躯体,慌乱地向着安全的地方冲闯,结果却是徒劳。2)Sometimestheythrew(him)bitsoffood,andgotscantthanks;sometimesamischievouspebble,andashowerofstonesandabuses.有时,人们朝他扔去零碎食物,却很少听到感谢;有时,人们恶作剧似地扔去块卵石,得到的却是暴风雨般的石头和谩骂。3)Thequestionwasmetwithanawkwardsilence.问题提了出来,大家却都难堪地默不作声。4)ButaboveallIlovetheselongpurposelessdaysinwhichIshedallthatIhaveeverbeen.我尤其喜爱那些漫长的岁月,我可以漫无目的地混日子,完全摆脱我过去那种(紧张)状态。4.分译法有时,移就修辞格中被转移的修饰语在深层结构上表示的是某种情况或行为,在翻译时便可将其分出来单独翻译成句子中的成分,而不需要将其与所修饰的中心词进行捆绑翻译。例如:FranklinRooseveltlistenedwithbright-eyed,smilingattention.本句的深层结构有三个:a.FranklinDRooseveltwasbright-eyed.b.FranklinRooseveltwassmiling.c.FranklinRooseveltlistenedwithattention.因此,在翻译时,可将此三层意思分别译出。译文为:弗兰克林·罗斯福面带微笑,目光炯炯,在聚精会神地听着。Theyprolongedtheclaspforthephoto-grapher,exchangingsmilingwords.从深层结构看,本文的移就修辞格含有两层意思:a.Theyweresmiling.b.Theywereexchangingwords.所以,在翻译时可将它们分别译出:他们相互问候着,微笑着,长时间地握着手,给摄影师留下足够的时间。再如:Therewasanamazedsilence.SlowlyAlexanderturnedaway.人们一阵惊讶,都默不作声。亚历山大慢慢地转过身去。Shesattherewithembarrasseddelight.她坐在那里,既尴尬,又高兴。Theeducatedcollege-womancaninfluenceherchildren'seducationbytakinganintelligent,informedinterestinit.受过大学教育的妇女自身聪颖睿智,见多识广,对教育颇感兴趣。因此,也就能够影响其子女的教育。5.融合法英语移就修辞格有时运用的十分巧妙,必须将其纳入整个句子中加以综合理解才能得出其真正要表达的深层含义或妙不可言之所在。此时,要将其言外之意有效地加以传达便需要对原文进行充分的理解,然后将其融为一体加以表达。例如:Adirty-yellowskyhadthreatenedrainalldayandahollowstillnesshungoverthevalley.本句中的被转移了的修饰语hollow和中心词stillness实际上表现了两个方面:一个有形,一个无形。山谷因静寂而空旷,反过来山谷的空旷又平添了几分静寂。用hollow修饰stillness就是为了强调突出山谷的这一特点,凝练而富有表现力。因此,在翻译时要考虑到其语义的相互补充、相互渗透的因素而进行融合。译文为:那天天色昏暗,整天却像要下雨的样子,空荡荡的山谷一片静寂。再如:AllthatsleeplessnightIreplayedthemomentthoseblackglovescameuptothecarwindow.当晚我彻夜不眠,眼前不时重现那副黑手套伸向车窗的一瞬间。Lazycloudsdriftedacrossthesky.白云悠悠。Afteranunthinkingmoment,sheputthepenintohermouth.想了一会儿,她还是没有什么头绪,便将笔咬在嘴角。Peoplelistenedwithopen-mouthedastonishmentwhiletheshockingnewssankin.人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后,都惊讶得目瞪口呆。Aftersixyearsofmarriedchildlessness,thefatherwassuddenlypresentedbyhiswifewithapairoftwins.(他们)结婚6年无子女之后,妻子却出人意料地给丈夫生了一对双胞胎。3)Notesandcomments1.Whatthismeansisthatbusinessmustbeinaconstantprocessofchangeandadaptationtotheneweconomicrealities.这意味着商业处在一个不断变化的过程中，必须适应新的经济现实。“Whatthismeansisthat”主语从句采取意译的方法，可译成“这意味着…”。2.Inthisneweconomy,itisevidentthatthekeytosuccessis“knowledge”.很明显，在这个新经济中成功的关键是“知识”。在对结构比较复杂的英语句子进行翻译的时候，为了让句子读起来通顺，调整词序是很重要的。“很明显”可以放在句首的位置。其它例如：Itissaidthat…据说…Itisheardthat…听说…Itisknownthat…众所周知…Itisreportedthat…据报道…Itisestimatedthat…据统计3.Exchangesofresearchandideashasacceleratedinnovation,inventions,andcreationofnewgoodsproducts,atarateneverbeforeknowninhumanhistory:研究和思想的交流加快了创新、发明和新商品、新产品的创造。这一切以一种人类历史上前所未有的速度增长。在英译汉中，可以根据汉语的习惯把长句拆成几个短句。4.Globalizationoftheeconomyhasalsoraisednewissuesofnationalismandprotectionoflocalculture:经济全球化带来了新的民族主义的问题和对当地文化进行保护的问题。issue：引起争论的问题。这里的“民族主义”和“对当地文化进行保护”新问题，所以不要把原文翻译成为“经济全球化也带来了新的民族主义的问题和对当地文化进行保护。”5.Globalizationhasbeenspurredonbytheinternet,whichoperates24hoursaday,7daysaweek:全球化受到了一天24小时，一周7天运行的因特网的推动。注意这里要正确理解原文的语义，千万不要译成“受到因特网的刺激，全球化24小时一天，7天一周运行”。6.Theeconomiesofscale,trans-globalorganizationsdominatingtheworldmarkets,powerfuleconomicenginesofafewrichcountries,ect.canleavetheimpressionthatthegapintheworldbetweentherichandthepoorwillwidenovertime:等级经济的出现，跨国公司主宰世界市场，以及一些富国受到强大的经济引擎的推动等等，这些都给人以世界上贫富差距随着时间的推移而不断加大的印象。这里涉及分词的结构“trans-globalorganizationsdominatingtheworldmarkets”译作“跨国公司主宰世界市场”较合适。7.到20世纪七八十年代，发达国家开始逐步进入后工业社会：Inthe70’sand80’softhe20thcentury,developedcountriesbegantoenterthestageofpost-industrialsociety.后工业社会：post-industrialsociety8.科技进步贡献率到50%以上。Thecontributionofthedevelopmentofscience&technologyaccountedformorethan50%.这里采取意译，“accountedformorethan50%”是“占了超过50%的部分”的意思。9.到了知识经济时代，知识就不仅仅是生产的或经济增长的一个要素，而且成为生产的支柱，成为经济增长的决定的要素。Fortheageofknowledgeeconomy,knowledgeisnotsimplyamerefactorofproductionoreconomicgrowth.Ithasbecomethemainsupportingforceofproductionandthedeterminingfactorofeconomicgrowth.支柱:themainsupportingforce.10.据统计，1973－1993年，发达国家高技术产业在制造业中的份额和在出口中的份额都在大幅度增长。Accordingtothestatistics,from1970to1993indevelopedcountries,high-techindustrywastakingmuchgreater“share”inmanufactureindustryandinexport.4)ExercisesandHomeworkAssignmentTranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChineseorviceversa.1.Shehasexpensivetastesinclothes.2.Iwassurprisedtofindhimlivinginsuchdrabandcheerlesssurroundings.3.…theskyatenderpalletofpinkandblue.4.HebehavedwithguiltycautionandratherenjoyedstealingamarchonDoctorEd.5.在美国，有太多走投无路的经理过早地跌进了坟墓。6.“或许我做的比那更好，”我神秘地眨着眼睛说。7.他们握手时边笑边谈，以此延长握手时间，好让摄影师进行拍照。8.他甚至偶尔跟全国各地的苹果电脑用户通过电脑进行交谈。9.她非常担心她的儿子，以至于度过了几个不眠之夜。10.他对这个问题不假思索地回答“是”。Referenceversion1.她喜欢穿高档衣服2.我意外地发现他住在如此单调而阴郁的环境中。3….天空成了一块粉红色和蓝色的柔和的调色板。4.他的一举一动小心谨慎，心中虽然有些内疚，但为能偷偷地抢在埃德医生之前颇为得意。5.Americahasshownustoomanydesperatelyworriedexecutivesdroopingintoearlygraves.6.“Imaydobetterthanthat,”Isaidwithamysteriouswink.7.Theyprolongedtheclaspforthephotographer,exchangingsmilingwords.8HeoccasionallyevenengagesinelectronicconversationswithAppleusersaroundthecountry.9.Shewassoworriedabouthersonthatshespentseveralsleeplessnights.10.Hesaid“Yes”tothequestioninanunthinkingmoment.5)AssessmentAccordingtotheresultoftranslationexercises,mostofstudentscanknowthetranslationskillabouttransferredepithetinthisunit.Also,theylearnhowtotranslatetherelatedarticlesaboutknowledgeeconomyappropriatelyintheirtranslationversion.Unit3EntrepreneurialCultureⅠ.ObjectivesAfterstudyingthisunit,theStudents(abbr.Ss)shouldgetthegeneralideaofwhatentrepreneurialcultureisandhowEnglisharticlesonrelatedtopiccanb