高英hiroshima教(学)案.2

教学重点1．TofamiliarizestudentswithHiroshima-thefirstatomicbomb2．Tofamiliarisestudentswithstorywritings3．Toenablestudentstoappreciatethewritingstyleofthetext教学难点1、WordsandexpressionsHavealumpinmythroat,preoccupation,beobliviousof,ritual,cab,popopen,inresponseto,screech,ignorance,usher,internezzo,heave,canal,enbankment,cautiously,overwelm,crush,lingeron,inhibit,spinalcolumn,flexible,agitated,sinkin,confess,smellof,bytrade,spare,testingandtreating,genetic,freemefrommyearthlycares,readtheanswer2、SentencepatternsThatmustbe…WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?…whosedoorpoppedopenattheverysightofatravelerThisdone,Ientered…Iwasjustaboutto…when…Itishumiliatingto…3、RhetoricaldevicesMetonymy,euphemism,alliteration,rhetoricalquestion,4、WritingstyleFirst-personnarrator5、BackgroundknowledgeSecondworldwar,firstatomicbomb练习Translateparagragh2,7,30,36.Exercise2,7,9,Writtenwork:Myvisitto…课外学习观看电影“广岛记实”。LessonTwoHiroshima–the“Liveliest”CityinJapanObjectives:1)Introducestudentstothenarrativewriting,factsvs.opinions,theme,pointofview,tone.2)Familiarizestudentswithrhetoricaltechniquesof‘irony’.ClassProcedures:Generalquestionsaboutthetext.WhyisthecityofHiroshimasospecialinthehistoryofmankind?(ItwasdestroyedbyanatomicbombonAugust6,1945.Itwasalsothefirsteverusedinmilitaryactioninthehumanhistory)Backgroundaboutthebombardment:thenameHiroshimainJapanesemeans:broadisland.Thereasonitwaschosentobebombed:Duringthewar,itwasaregionalarmyheadquartersaswellasamajorrailcenterandproducerofwarmaterials.HYPERLINK"http://www.doug-long.com/hiroshim.htm"Hiroshima:WasitNecessary?(anarticle)ThisisthesummaryofanarticleHYPERLINK"http://www.doug-long.com/hiroshim.htm"Hiroshima:WasitNecessary?.WiththeendoftheEuropeanwar,theAlliesfocusedtheireffortsonJapan.Japanstillfoughtfanatically,despitebeingbadlyhurtbybombingandblockade.ThePotsdamProclamation,whichdemandedtheunconditionalsurrenderofJapan,wasissued.ItmadenomentionofJapan'scentralsurrendercondition:thestatusoftheEmperor.JapanrejectedtheProclamation.TheJapanesebelievedtheEmperortobeagod(thisisakeypoint).TheU.S.droppedatomicbombsonHiroshimaandNagasaki.RussiadeclaredwaragainstJapan.Japan,becauseofitsmilitary,stillrefusedtosurrender.Japanesepeaceadvocates,fearingtheimminentdestructionoftheEmperor,prevailedupontheEmperortobreakwithtraditionandmakegovernmentpolicybycallingforpeacenow.TheEmperordidso.AstheresultoftheEmperor'scallforsurrender,theentireJapanesecabinet,includingthemilitary,agreedtosurrender.ThecabinetsawthatthiswouldallowtheEmperortoberetained.EvenJapan'sdoveswouldhavefoughttothedeathhadtheynotfelttheEmperorwouldbespared.Theysaw"unconditionalsurrender"asathreattotheEmperor.PresidentTrumanhadbeenadvisedoftheimportanceoftheEmperortotheJapanese.JapanwasseekingRussia'shelptoendthewarinJuly1945.TheU.S.wasawareofthisatthetimethruinterceptedJapanesecables.ButtheU.S.didnotkeepupwiththischangeinJapan'sposition.TheU.S.chosemilitarymethodsofendingthewarratherthandiplomaticmethods.Thedesireforrevengehelpedmakemilitarymethodsmoreattractive.WasitnecessarytousetheatomicbombonJapantoendthewarwithoutaninvasionoftheJapanesemainland?Quotesfromhistorianswhofeltitwasnotnecessarycanbefoundin:HYPERLINK"http://www.doug-long.com/hiroshim.htm"Article.QuotesfromprominentAmericanswhofelttheatomicbombingswerenotnecessarycanbefoundin:HYPERLINK"http://www.doug-long.com/quotes.htm"Quotes.Weprobablycouldhaveendedthewarsoonerwithfewerdeathsonallsidesbyusingthefullcarrotandstick:1)offerretentionoftheEmperorforaquicksurrender;and2)threatenRussianinvasionand3)atomicdestructionasthealternative.NoneofthesekeyincentivestosurrenderwereusedpriortotheatomicbombingofHiroshima.Hadtheabovemethodfailed,andhadtheRussianinvasionfailedtobringsurrendersoon,theatomicbombswerestillavailable-butasalastresort.Aftertheatomicbombings,JapanwasallowedtoretaintheirEmperor,anyway.thetimeofthebombing:8:15,a.m.August6,1945.Thedamage:destroyingalmosteverythingwithinaradiusof6,000to8,000feet(1.830-2,450meters).Over71,000peoplewerekilledinstantly.Manymorelaterdiedofinjuriesandtheeffectsofradiation.Survivorsarestilldyingofleukemia(白血病),perniciousanemia(恶性贫血症),etc.almost98%ofthebuildingsweredestroyedorseverelydamaged.e)theradiationgeneratedbythebombcausedlong-termproblemstothoseaffected.Manypeoplediedwithinthefirstfewmonthsandmanymoreinsubsequentyearsbecauseofradiationexposure.Somepeoplehadgeneticproblemswhichsometimesresultedinhavingmalformedbabiesorbeingunabletohavechildren.Itisbelievedthatmorethan140,000peoplediedbytheendoftheyear.Theywerecitizensincludingstudents,soldiersandKoreanswhoworkedinfactorieswithinthecity.Thetotalnumberofpeoplewhohavediedduetothebombisestimatedtobe200,000.f)Post-warmemorial:PeaceParkincludesacenotaphmemorializingthevictimandamuseumhousingrelicsoftheholocaust.HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial"\o"HiroshimaPeaceMemorial"HiroshimaPeaceMemorial,aremnantofthecityatHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_zero"\o"Groundzero"groundzeroofitsnuclearbombardmentAfterthewarHiroshimawasrebuiltafterthewar,withnewmodernbuildingsrisingalloverthecity.InHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949"\o"1949"1949,HiroshimawasproclaimedaCityofPeacebytheHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan"\o"Japan"Japaneseparliament,attheinitiativeofitsmayorHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinzo_Hamai"\o"ShinzoHamai"ShinzoHamai(b.HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905"\o"1905"1905-d.HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968"\o"1968"1968).Asaresult,thecityofHiroshimawasreceivingmoreinternationalattentionasadesirablelocationforholdinginternationalconferencesonpeaceaswellassocialissues.TheHiroshimaPeaceInstitutewasestablishedinHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998"\o"1998"1998withintheHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_University"\o"HiroshimaUniversity"HiroshimaUniversity.InHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994"\o"1994"1994,theCityofHiroshimahostedtheHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games"\o"AsianGames"AsianGames.RecordofthetimebywitnessesKimikoTakai6thgradegirl(5yearsoldatthetime)IshiverwheneverIthinkofAugust6,1945,thedaywhenHiroshimawasdestroyedinjustafewminutes.Iandafriendwereplayingataneighbor'shousewhenIheardtheroarofanairplane."It'sanairplane,"Isaid.Rightthen,therewasaflash.IwassoafraidthatIhungontothenext-doorlady,butshewasmorescaredthanIwas.Sheshookmelooseandthrewherarmsaroundherhusband.Thenshetookaclothbandoutofadrawerandtieditaroundherwaist.Afterthat,sheandherhusbandranoutofthehouse.MyplaymateTatsukoandIdidn'tknowwhattodo.Suddenly,itgotdarkandsomethingbegantodropfromtheceiling.Weweresofrightenedthatwejusthungontoeachotherwithoureyeswideopen.ItgotlighterandlighterandafterawhileIheardTatsuko'smothercallingforher.Shesoundedveryworried.ShetookTatsukowithherandIwasleftalone.Istartedtocry.Aneighborwithdirtalloverherfacecameoutofthewreckageandsaid,"Don'tcry.Yourmotherisnearby."Sheranoff,too,andIwasaloneagain.Alittlelater,Iheardmysister'svoicethroughmysobs.IIistenedcarefully.Icouldhearhercalling,"Kimiko!Kimiko!"withallhermight.Iwassogladthatmyeyesgotfulloftears.Mymothercame,too."Oh,Kimiko,I'msogladtofindyou.Andnowyoursister.Wherecouldshebe?Ihopeshehasn'tbeenburned.Maybe,she'salreadydead,"mymothersaid.Butwecouldn'twastetime.Wewerescaredandwantedtogettoasafeplace.Aswewalkedalong,wesawsoldierswithbloatedstomachsfloatingdowntheriver.Theyprobablyhadtodiveintotherivertogetawayfromtheflames.Alittlefartheron,wesawmanydeadpeoplepiledupatthesideoftheroad.Aswewalkedon,myfathersawawomanwhoselegwascaughtunderalargetimber.Shecouldn'tgetfreesoheshoutedforhelpbutnoonecame.Everyonewastoobusytryingtogetawaytopayanyattentiontoanyoneelse.Finally,myfathershoutedangrily,"Aren'tanyofyouJapanese?"Thenhegotthewomanloosebysawingoffherlegwitharusty,oldsaw.Furtheron,wesawamanwhomusthavebeenburnedtodeathwhilehewaswalking.Mothersaidthatshecouldn'tgoanyfurtherandtoldustogoonwithouther.Shesatdowntorestbutwecouldn'tgoonbyourselves,leavingherbehind.Thenshescoopedupahandfulofmuddywaterfromtheroadsideanddrankit.Thismusthavemadeherfeelbetterbecauseshegotupandjoinedusagain.Aswegottothecountryside,farmersstaredatusinamazementandaskeduswhathadhappened.Whenwepassedfarmhouses,peoplewouldcomeoutandgiveusriceballstoeat,oraskuswhetherwewouldliketowashourfaces.Westayedwithourrelativesforaboutamonth.Afterwearrived,Mothercomplainedthatherbackhurt.Ilookedatherbackandfoundapieceofglassabout3/4incheswideand11/2incheslongstuckinit.Ithadgoneinquitedeepbecauseshehadbeencarryingmybrotheronherback.Wewenttoseeadoctorandlearnedthatwehadbeenratherlucky.Manypeoplehaddiedandhundredshadbeeninjured.Fromthenextday,Fatherwentoutlookingformysister.ThebombhadexplodedoverAioiBridge,neartheHiroshimapostofficewheremysisterworked.Shemusthavediedwithouttimetocallforhermotheroreventosay,"Oh!"Myuncleandaunthadgonetoaplacenearthepostofficetocollectsomemanurethatdayandbothwerekilled.Theirasheswerebroughtbacktous,though.Notevenmysister'sasheshavecomebacktous.Allbutoneoftheworkersatthepostofficewaskilled.Hepickeduptheremainsoftheotherworkersandthentookalittleoftheashestoeachofthedeadpersons'families.WeputtheashesbeforeGodandprayedthatmysisterwouldrestinpeace.MasatadaAsaeda3rdGradeStudentin1945Whenwewereplayingintheschoolground,anairplanecame,butwekeptonplaying,onlysaying"Whydidtheygivetheall-clear?"Allofasudden,therewassomethinglikelighteningandIcoveredmyfacewithmyhands.WhenIopenedmyeyesandlookedaround,itwasdarkandIcouldn'tseeanything.WhileIwasfeelingaroundinthedarkness,itbecamelight.Iwasthinkingofgoinghome,andIfoundthatallthehousesaroundmehadbeendestroyedandfireswereburninghereandthere.Istartedrunninghome,cryingandcalling,"Mother!Mother!"ButIcouldn'ttellwheremyhousehadbeen.Ijustwentaroundthiswayandthat,andthenIheardmysistercallingmyname.IwasshockedwhenIsawher,becauseshewasstainedwithbloodallover.Ilookedatmyself;theskinofbothmyarmsandfeethadpeeledawayandwashangingoff.Ididn'tknowwhatallthismeant,andIwasfrightened,soIburstintotears.Meanwhile,MotherhadcrawledoutfromthepileoftilesanddraggedanovercoatandFather'scloakoutofatrunkandwrappedusinthem.WespentthenightinYasuShrineinGion.Becauseoftheirburns,everyonewascryingforwaterallnight.Thenextmorning,weweretakenbytrucktoaBuddhisttempleinKabe.Thatnight,mysisterdied.HowcanIdescribeMother'sgrief?HowcanIdescribethehorriblescenesIsawinthetemplethen?Whocanimaginethemiserieswewentthroughexceptthosewhoweretherethemselves?Itisentirelybeyondmypowertoputtheterriblesightintowords.Countlesspeoplesufferingfromburnsandwounds,groaningwithpain,theirbodiescoveredwithmaggots,anddyingindelirium,oneafteranother.Itwashellonearth.AboutthebombName:LittleBoyTheA-BombsusedoverJapan;LittleBoy(left)andFatMan—thetestbomb(right)Whatisthewriter’soccupation?(AnAmericanjournalistorreporter)Whatwastheaimofthevisit?(togatherinformation/orreportonHiroshimatoday)Didheaskthequestions?Whatmightbethequestionshehadpreparedtoask?(forexample:ArePeopleinHiroshimatodaylivingahappylife?Doyouthinkpeoplehaveforgottenaboutthebomb?Howarepeopleaffectedwiththebomblookeduponbyotherpeople?)Whatisthetheme,tone,mood,thepointofviewofthetext?(theterribleeffectofnuclearweaponsuponpeopleandtheirlives.Aprotesttonuclearweaponsisvoiced)(thetone(meaningthewaytheauthorfeelsorthinksaboutthesubjectofthestory):bitter,upset,sad,ironic)(pointofview”first-personparticipant/observer)Whatdoesthetitleofthetexttellus?(the‘livelist’city:theword‘liveliest’isoutinquotationmarkstoshowthatthisiswhatthecityissaidtobeandthewriterperhapsconsidersitironictousetheword‘liveliest’todescribethecity)Howmanysectionscanthetextbedividedinto?(three:thearrival(Pp1-7),dinnerwiththemayor(pp8-27),visittothehospital(28—39))SectionOne–TheArrivalGeneralQuestions(usedasathreadtotalkaboutthetext)Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?Howdidthewriterfeelatthearrival?(happy,sad,exciting,guilty,shocked)WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshimaandpeople(facts)therefromthissection?Thewriterwasironicalandhumorous.Findwordsandexpressionsthatshowthem.AnswersWhatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?Howdidthewriterfeelatthearrival?(happy,sad,exciting,guilty,shocked)Theauthorwashereonareportorialmission.Itwasnothisfirstone.hewasoccupiedwithsadthoughts.Heconsideredthebombingacrime.Hewastorturedbyaguiltyconscience.HedidnotunderstandJapanese.guilty,bitter,sad;hadalumpinmythroat—Iwaschokedwithemotion;IwassoovercomewithemotionthatIcouldnotspeakorthinkclearly.(afeelingofpressurecausedbyrepressedemotion)hadalotofsadthoughtsonmymind–Iwasoccupiedwithsomesadthoughts.Havesomethinginmind:remember;thinkof/plantodoe.g.Haveyouanyoneinmindforthejob?对于这项工作,你心中有什么人选?Whatdoyouhaveinmindtodowithhim?对于他,你打算怎么办?Havesomethingonone’smind—worriedabout惦记,忧虑e.g.Mymothermusthavesomethingimportantonhermind.Iknowitfromthatlookonherface.我母亲心里一定在惦记什么重要事情.我从她脸上的表情可以看出来.I’vehadmyfather’sillnessonmymindallday.我整天都为父亲的病情担忧.Havesomething/nothing/anything/little/much/todowith--tobea(no)concernof,tobeconnectedwithe.g.whateverIdohasnothingtodowithyou(veryhurtingwords)Themanagementofthecollegehasmuchtodowithourstudyhere.Theveryactof…--very+noun—usedtoemphasizethatsomethingisexactlytherightoneorexactlythesameone.e.g.Everyonesaysheistheverymanweneedforthisjob.‘mostsecret’,thesewerehisverywords.WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?---(rhetoricalquestion)usuallyaskedonlyforeffect,astoemphasizeapoint,noanswerbeingexpected.PreoccupationsthatIhad—Preoccupation—astateofmindinwhichonethinksaboutsomethingsomuchthathedoesnotconsiderotherthingstobeimportant.Ifsomeoneispreoccupied,heisthinkingalotaboutsomethingorsomeone,andsohardlynoticesotherthings.e.gShelooksverypreoccupied.她看上去心事重重.martyredcity—acitythathasbeenmadetosuffer.amartyr—isapersonwhoiskilledormadetosuffergreatly,asadirectresultofhisorherreligiousorpoliticalbeliefs,andthereforegivesstrengthtopeoplewhosharetheirbeliefs.Martyredpersonorbehavior–peoplewhooftenexaggeratetheirsufferingsinordertogetsympathyorpraisefromotherpeople.WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshimaandpeople(facts)therefromthissection?advancedintechnology(rapiddevelopmentafterWWII,likeGermany)thefastesttrain–magnetictrain(517m/hr)JapanandGermanyanobviousconflictbetweenwesterninfluencesandthetraditionalcustoms,theyexistsidebysideteenagersandwomen—inwesterndress,miniskirt(fashionablegroups)littlegirlsandelderladies–inkimonos(kidsandoldoneskeepthetradition)narrowstreets,tallbuildings,expensiveland,traditionalhousesonboatsamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersserious-lookingmen,bowingtoeachothertourismatmospherethecab-driver’sbehaviortowardstravelersknowinglittleoftheway,avoidlosingface,Thewriterwasironicalandhumorous.Findwordsandexpressionsthatshowthem.theuseandfunctionofseven‘littles’inthissection:littlegirls/littlebows/littleredtelephones/knowlittleoftheircity/alittlemap/littleoldJapan/littlefloatinghouse.(大日本帝国—小日本)chauvinism(沙文主义)—astrong,unreasonablebeliefthatyourowncountryismoreimportantandmorallybetterthanotherpeople’s.chauvinistic.Bobbedupanddownrepeatedlyinlittlebows–moveupanddownautomaticallythedescriptionofthecab-driverandtheusheroftheCityHallcab-driver:grinned;lurchedfromsidetoside…sharptwistsofthewheel;screechedtoahalt;avoidthelossoffaceusher:heavealong,almostmusicalsigh.Irony—isafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Thisformofironyiscalledverbalirony,incomparisonwithdramaticirony.Noteveryironyisoflightandhumoroustype.Moreoftenitisusedtoveilfeelingsinasubtleway,usingwordsofpraisewherecondemnationismeantandviceversa.e.g.‘liveliestcity’LumpalumpofbreadafewlumpofcoalThereisalumponhisheadwhereithitthewall.Shewasafraidwhenshefeltalumpinherleftbreast.PreoccupationsBecauseofhispreoccupationwithhisbook,dickdidnotknowwehadcomeintotheroom.Readingishismainpreoccupation.HisgreatestpreoccupationwashowtofindmoneyforaholidayinEuropeRubshoulderswithThisismotthesortofclubwherethegreatrubshoulderswiththehumble.Apersoninmypositionrubsshoulderswithallkindsofpeople.Ishouldscorntorubshoulderswithsuchapersonasthat.PopOneofballoonspoppingpopped.Champagnecorkswerepoppingonallsides.Themagicianhadrealrabbitspoppingoutofhishat.Hiseyesalmostpoppedoutinsurprise.Hepoppedhisheadatthedoor.Ipoppedthebookintomybag.ResponseOurappealforhelpmetwithnoresponse.Themayor’sresponsetoourplanwasencouraging.HecamedowntothecottageatEastwoodinresponsetoanurgenttelegramInresponsetoyourinquiries,weregrettoinformyouthatwecannothelpyouinthismatter.HaltHebroughthiscartoahalt.Theofficercalledahalt.Thetraincametoahalt.Thetravelersmadeahalfforanhour.Theoldcargroundtoahaltaroundnoon.Ihaltedtospeaktoher.Theofficerhaltedhistroops.Officialsareworkinghardtohaltinflation.ConcreteLightisnotconcretebutawindowis.Haveyouanyconcretethoughtsonhowtodealwiththisdifficulty?Themarkwasaconcreteexampleofhisrudeness.“Soap”isaconcretenoun.Cement,sandandwateraremixedtomakeconcrete.ThewalkwasparedwithconcreteEachairporthasacementconcreterunwayover3,000metersinlength.IncessantThetrafficthunderedpastourhouseallnightanditsincessantnoisegaveusnotamoment’speaceHerincessantcomplainingistiresometoeveryone.Theincessantbuzzofmosquitoestheincessantphonecallsfromthedebtcollector.StunningYoulookstunningtodayShehasastunningnewhat.Herstunningoutfitmadeeveryonetolookather.ThenewswasstunningThefighterreceivedastunningblowonhishead.EmbarrassmentShesmiledwithembarrassment.“Ibegyourpardon,”saidhe,withsomeembarrassment,“IsupposeIshouldhaveknocked.”AnnVeronicafeltaslightembarrassment.Thatnastychildisanembarrassmenttohisparents.EmbarrassHerevidentjoyathisreturnsomewhatembarrassedhim.Heshouldalwaysavoidembarrassingthestudent.Hewasprobablyafraidofembarrassingme.Andrewwasatfirstdeeplyembarrassed.Heworeanembarrassedexpression.Shyandembarrassed,theboythrusttheflowersathisgirlfriend.Dictation11.spectacle2.concreteskyscrapers3.intermezzo4.incessant5.preoccupations6.kimonos7.ritualformula8.martyredcity9.ignorance10.canalembankment11.sliptoastop12.steponthissoil13.rubshoulderswith14.beobliviousof15.inresponseto16.screechtoahalt17.sketchamap18.heaveasigh19.flashby20.lurchfromsidetosideRecitationsParagraph1Sentencemaking他干的事与我毫不相干.Whathedidhadnothingtodowithme.她睡不着觉,女儿的病使她心事重重.Shecouldn’tfallasleepasherdaughter’sillnesswasverymuchonhermind.他陷入沉思中,没有理会同伴们在谈些什么.Hewassodeepinthoughtthathewasobliviousofwhathisfriendsweretalkingabout.我喜欢教师这个职业,这样,我有机会和年轻人在一起.Ilikebeingateacher,whichgivesmeachanceofrubbingshoulderswithyoungpeople.他拥有如此众多的迷本身就说明了他是一个成功的歌手.Thathehassomanyfansistheverysymbolofhissuccessasasinger.(Theveryfactofhishavingsomanyfansshowsthatheisasuccessfulsinger)一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的战友.Theverysightofthemonumentremindsmeofmygoodfriendwhowaskilledinthebattle.时间飞逝.Timeisflashingby.SectionTwo–DinnerwiththemayorGeneralQuestions(usedasathreadtotalkaboutthetext)Whatdidthewriterexpecttohearatthedinner?Howdidhefeel?WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshima,itspeopleandJapanesecustomsfromthissection?Thewriterwasironicalandhumorous.Findwordsandexpressionsthatshowthem.Findallthewordstheauthorhasusedtoaddressthebombardment.Answers1)Whatdidthewriterexpecttohearatthedinner?Howdidhefeel?(ThewriterexpectedtohearsometalksabouthowpeopleinHiroshimawereaffectedbytheatomicbombardment.Themisery,etc.)thestrangeemotionwhichhadoverwhelmedme…returnedbeoverwhelmedbyafeeling—tobeaffectedverystrongly,andyoudon’tknowhowtodealwithit.e.g.Theneedtotalktosomeoneoverwhelmedher.Hewasoverwhelmedbyalongingfortimespast.Areyouoverwhelmedbyhomesickness?Iwasagaincrushedbythethought…Tocrush—topressitveryhardsothatitsshapeisdestroyedorsothatitbreaksintopieces.becrushedby…tobeupsetagreatdeal.e.g.Ourhopeshavebeencrushed.(希望彻底破灭了)Althoughhegotwhathewanted,buthewastorturedbythecrushingguilt(极度内疚)Where..where...(parallelstructure)…lingeredontodieinslowagonylinger—belateorslowingoingaway.e.g.Helovedtheplacesomuchthathelingeredaboutaftereveryoneelsehadleft.Thecustomof….Lingerson(isstillobservedbutisnowveryweak)Thememorylingeredonforyears.Alingeringfearofswimmingaftertheaccidentagony—greatpainorsufferingofmindorbody极度的痛苦todieinslowagony‘to’indicatesasubsequentfact(notapurpose)e.g.Hewoketofindthehouseonfire(hewokeandfound…)Thegoodolddayshavegonenevertoreturn.Weranallthewaytothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.Inslowagony—transferredepithetTo