2020年北京市高考适应性测试英语试卷及答案

2020年北京市高考适应性测试英语本试卷共12页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。英语第1页（共12页）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AMrs.Baileywasimportantintheeducationaljourneythatcarriedmethroughschoolandintomyprofession.UntilIjoinedherclass,Ihadn’tbelievedinmyabilityasawriter.She1(persuade)metojointhepoetrysocietyandlitinmeafireforliterature.Sherecognised2(I)potentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.Becauseoftheconfidencesheinspiredinme,I’vecarvedouta3(success)professionasajournalist.BSomeuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign4theycelebratedtheirwholedaywithoutcellphones.Thismovewastoimprovetheirrelationshipswiththeirnearanddearonesandtokeepthemawayfromthevirtual(虚拟的)life.5(study)indicatethatamajorityofyoungpeopleusedtheirphonesduringlessons,overfamilymealsorevenatthecinema.Theproblemofphoneaddiction(成瘾)hasbeenobservedsinceafewyearsago,withexpertsandpsychologists6(try)toincreaseawarenessaboutthisproblem.CThetigershark7(consider)tobeoneofthemostdangeroussharksintheworld.Whyaretigersharkssodangerous?First,theyliketolive8waterswherehumansusuallyswim,sothechancesofanencounter(遭遇)aremuchgreater.Second,tigersharksaresostrongandaggressivethattheycan9(easy)hitaperson.Andthird,tigersharkshaveteethperfectly10(design)forcuttingtheirfood,soitiscertainthatthedamagewillbedisastrous.英语第2页（共12页）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Afelwasonlyaverysmallboywhenhefirstsawsnowinapicturebook.Ithadlotsofpicturesofchildren11inbigwhitefields.Heasked,“Mum,whatarethosewhitefields?”Hismotherlaughed,“That’ssnow,andtheyaremakingasnowman!”Shetriedto12whatsnowwas.Afeldidn’treally13becausetherewasnorealsnowwherehelived.Butheshowedgreat14.Onedaywhenhewas12,AfelwaswatchingaprogrammeonTVathisuncle’shouse.Theprogrammewasfullofsnow.Andnotonlysnow—therewerepeople15acrossthesnow.Theylookedlikefantasticbirds.Theyhadhatscoveringalltheirheadsandbiggogglesovertheireyes.Andontheirfeet,theyhad16shoes.“Whatarethose?”heaskedhisuncle17.“Skis,”repliedhisuncle.“Andthosepeoplearecalledskiers.”Atthatmoment,he18tobeaskier.Heaskedhisunclewhattheprogrammewas.“TheWinterOlympics,”saidhisuncle.“It’slikethenormalOlympics,butfor19whereyouneedsnow—skijumping,bobsleigh(长橇),thosesortsofthings.They20iteveryfouryears.”AfelfoundoutthatthenextWinterOlympicswouldbeinBeijing,in2022.“Perfect,”hethought.“Enough21formetobecomeabrilliantskier.”“Butthere’snosnowhere!”peopletoldhim.“Whereareyougoingtoski?”Afel22them.Hemadehimselfapairofskisfromtwopiecesofwood.Hetiedthemtohisfeetandpractisedskiing23twosticksinhishands.Hepractisedagainandagainuntilhecould24quitequicklyacrossthesand.He25toflydownthehillslikethepeopleonTV,buthecouldn’t.“Nevermind,”hethought.“It’sa26…”“HowwillyougototheOlympics?”peopleaskedhim.“Ourcountrydoesn’t27haveateamthatgoestotheWinterOlympics.WehavegoodrunnersandwinlotsofmedalsattheOlympics.Butnoskiing,no.”Afeldidn’t28.Soeverynight,outinthemiddleofthedesert,Afelnowpractisesskiingdownsandhills.He29thattheyellowsandandbrownearthareasgoldasthemedalhewillbringhomewithhim,whenheisthe30.英语第3页（共12页）11．A．drawingB．playingC．dancingD．hiking12．A．announceB．stressC．concludeD．explain13．A．mindB．respondC．understandD．regret14．A．interestB．concernC．patienceD．confidence15．A．walkingB．ridingC．runningD．flying16．A．strongB．strangeC．fashionableD．comfortable17．A．politelyB．hopefullyC．excitedlyD．nervously18．A．promisedB．claimedC．agreedD．decided19．A．projectsB．fieldsC．sportsD．courses20．A．gainB．haveC．acceptD．mark21．A．timeB．energyC．experienceD．determination22．A．avoidedB．ignoredC．correctedD．criticized23．A．pushingB．pullingC．holdingD．waving24．A．rollB．marchC．jumpD．move25．A．neededB．preparedC．pretendedD．attempted26．A．startB．chanceC．solutionD．strategy27．A．evenB．oftenC．shortlyD．finally28．A．refuseB．inquireC．careD．complain29．A．dreamsB．predictsC．assumesD．realizes30．A．authorityB．championC．geniusD．celebrity第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。英语第4页（共12页）AIfyou’relookingtobuyagiftforyourchildren,whynotkeepupwiththetrendandgetthebesthoverboard?WhatisaHoverboard?Ahoverboardisatwo-wheeledpersonaltransportationdevice.It’selectrical,portableandbecamehighlypopularin2015inreferencetoapopular1980’smovie.Typically,thisself-balancingdeviceoperateslikeapoweredskateboard.HowDoesaHoverboardWork?Thedevicemayhavemanydesigns,butthemechanismitselfisn’tcomplicated.Basically,astandardhoverboardcontains:•Battery:storestheelectricalpower.Almostallhoverboardsuseahigh-wattlithium-ionbattery.•Gyroscope(oneforeachwheel):allowsriderstotilt(倾斜)thehoverboardwhilemaintainingbalanceandadjustingtheirdirection.•Motor(oneineachwheel):providesthepowertothewheelstokeeptheriderbalancedandupright.•Logicboard:functionsasthehoverboardbrain.Itprocessesdata—yourspeed,tilt,etc.—andsendsinformationtothemotors.Thisunitcontrolsthepoweroftheboardsoriderscanadjusttheirspeed.Alltheabovecomponentsworktogethertocontrolthepowerandtiltofthehoverboardssotheriderisbalanced,uprightandmovingatacontrolledspeed.WhyBuyaHoverboard?Undoubtedly,hoverboardsarecool.You’veprobablyseenkidsridingonearoundthehouse.They’reaphenomenonandeverybodywantsin.So,whydenyyourkidsandpreventthemfrombeingpartofthistrend?Whereisahoverboardlegal?Despitetheirwildpopularity,hoverboardshaveyettobecome“street-legal”.Currently,someplacesprohibitanyoneunder16fromusingthesedevices,andhoverboardsarebannedinacademicinstitutionsandpublicplaces,likecampusbuildings,parks,shoppingmallsandsubwaystations.Someplaceshavealsoputspeedlimitsonthedevicesandrestrictedtheirusetobikepaths.However,openareas—includingyouryard—arefreeoftheserestrictions.hoverboard英语第5页（共12页）31.Thelogicboardofahoverboardcan______.A．storeelectricityB．powerthewheelsC．sendinformationtotheridersD．receivedataandgivecommand32.Accordingtothepassage,ahoverboardcanbeused______.A．oncampusB．inparksC．onbikepathsD．inshoppingmalls33.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．Toevaluateagift’squality.B．Torecommendagiftchoice.C．Tocomparenewhoverboardmodels.D．Toclarifyfunctionsofthelatesthoverboards.BGrowingup,DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl,fromarefugee(难民)family,”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield,Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia,planningtobecomeaprofessor.BornandraisedinSanDiego’sCityHeightsneighbourhood,DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDeka’ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground,shewouldsaydifferently,thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven,youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold,hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks,anddidn’tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid,likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily,”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”英语第6页（共12页）Deka’seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool,shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus,”Botham,aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute,recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork,readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher,Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don’ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoocompetitiveorI’llnevergetintothisschool,”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”34．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat______.A.DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB.DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC.DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD.Deka’sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard35．Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation______.A.fromhermother’sexperienceB.afterherchemistryclassC.byreadingbooksinthelibraryD.throughworkingattheinstitute36．Accordingtothelastparagraph,Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe______.A.patientB.confidentC.ambitiousD.generous37．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Lifeisnotallroses.B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Wellbegunishalfdone.D.Hardworkleadstosuccess.CAgroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshouldertoshoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perhapsthey’renotsodifferent.Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectivebehaviour,showsthatthevulturine英语第7页（共12页）guineafowlofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsocialstructuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.Theymayfighteachothertomaintaintheirstricthierarchies(等级 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 ),butatothertimestheyengageinfriendlybehaviourslikesharingfood.Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatthevulturineguineafowlhaveamultilevelsociety.Therearegroupswithingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallgroups.Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird’stinybrainsize:“Theydon’tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativetomammals(哺乳动物),theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,”hesaid.Accordingtohim,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhichgroupit’slookingat—noneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsoletanimalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey’refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesorresourcesarearound,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone.“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,”Dr.Farinesaid.Theremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocietiesasmany-leveledasourown.38．Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredDr.Farinetocarryoutthestudy?A．Theguineafowl’ssocialbehaviour.B．Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.C．Hisinterestinanimalbrainpower.D．Thefaultsinearlierresearch.英语第8页（共12页）39．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theresearchsubjects.B．Theresearchmethods.C．Theresearchfindings.D．Theresearchequipment.40．Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A．Complexsocialsystemscanbeadisadvantagetotheguineafowl.B．Theguineafowlaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.C．Birdsmaintainsocialorderbytravellingincombinedgroups.D．Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocieties.41．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Topresentthefindingsofastudyoftheguineafowl.B．Toexplaintheinteractionpatternsinmultilevelsocieties.C．Tointroduceanewapproachtoobservingtheguineafowl.D．Touncovercluesabouthowcomplexsocietiesareformed.DForseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsandideologiesarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings.Stressingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Analternativeanswertothequestion“Whytrustscience?”isthatscientistsusetheso-calledscientificmethod.Ifyou’vegotahighschoolsciencetextbooklyingaround,you’llprobablyfindthatanswerinit.Butwhatistypicallythoughttobethescientificmethod—developahypothesis(假设),thendesignanexperimenttotestit—isn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldonesgetabandoned;andsometimes,scientistscanbefounddoingmanydifferentthings.Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmethod,thenwhatisthereasonfortrustinscience?Theanswerishowthoseclaimsareevaluated.Thecommonelementinmodernscience,regardlessofthespecificfieldortheparticularmethodsbeingused,isthestrictscrutiny(审查)ofclaims.It’sthistough,sustainedprocessthatworkstomakesurefaultyclaimsarerejected.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalengthy“peerreview”becausethereviewersareexpertsinthesamefieldwhohaveboththerightandtheobligation(责任)tofindfaults.英语第9页（共12页）Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.Noclaimgetsaccepteduntilithasbeenvettedbydozens,ifnothundreds,ofheads.Inareasthathavebeencontested,likeclimatescienceandvaccinesafety,it’sthousands.Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.Doesthisprocessevergowrong?Ofcourse.Scientistsarehumans.Thereisalwaysthepossibilityofrevisingaclaimonthebasisofnewevidence.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds.”Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical(矛盾的):thatscienceproducesbothnoveltyandstability.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.42．Howdoestheauthorthinkofthescientificmethod?A.Stable.B.Persuasive.C.Unreliable.D.Unrealistic.43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vetted”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Explained.B.Examined.C.Repeated.D.Released.44．Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______.A.itisnotpersuasivetorejectthosefaultyclaimsB.settledsciencetendstobecollectivelyoverturnedC.aleadingexpertcannotplayadecisiveroleinascrutinyD.diversityinknowledgeisthecommonelementinscience45．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PutYourFaithinScienceB.DefendtheTruthinScienceC.ApplyYourMindtoScienceD.ExploreADynamicWaytoScience第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。英语第10页（共12页）Aninterviewisadiscussionwithsomeoneinwhichyoutrytogetinformationfromthem.46Therearethreebasicsub-typesofinterview:structuredinterviews,unstructuredinterviewsandsemi-structuredinterviews.47Incidentally,“respondent”and“informant”arewordsthataresometimesusedinsteadof“interviewee”.Agreatdealisprovidedbythispersonalcontact:youareanotherhumanbeing,andintervieweeswillrespondtoyou,inbodilypresence,inanentirelydifferentwayfromthewaythattheywouldhavereactedtoquestionnairesthatcamethroughtheirletterboxesortoemails.48Mostpeoplewanttohelpandgivetheiropinions,andtheywillusuallybeenergizedtohelpbyyourphysicalpresence.Ifyoutakethetroubletoscheduleavisit,youcanbemoreorlessguaranteedofaresponse.Mostimportantly,though,youwillbeabletorelatetointervieweeswhileyouaretalkingtothem.49Youwillbeabletowatchtheirbehaviourwhichwillgiveyouimportantcluesabouthowtheyfeelaboutatopic.Becauseoftheprimacyofthepersonalcontact,yourappearanceandtoneareimportant—howdoyouwanttobeseen?As“oneofus”?Asapersoninauthority?Asanobserver?…Orwhat?50Howeveryoudecidetopresentyourself,itisgoodpracticeofcoursetotrytoputtheintervieweeateasebeforetheinterviewbegins—totalkabouttheweather,aboutyourjourney,aboutanythingthatwillbreaktheice.A．Thisisaready-madesupportforyou.B．Itsnaturevarieswiththenatureoftheinterviews.C．Youwillbeabletohearandunderstandwhattheyaresaying.D．Yourdecisionshouldinfluencethewaythatyoulook,soundandbehave.E．Theinformationmaybefactsoropinionsorattitudesoranycombinationofthese.F．Eachinvolvestheinterviewerinfact-to-facecontactortelephonecontactwithanotherperson.G．Youwillbeusingthesecluestomakeinformedguessesaboutwhattheintervieweesmightreallymean.英语第11页（共12页）第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim在你们学校网站上看到了学生参加学农活动的照片，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1．学农活动的相关信息（时间、内容„„）；2．你参加学农活动的感受。注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：学农learnfromfarmersDearJim,Yours,LiHua（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）英语第12页（共12页）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。上周，你报名参加了学校组织的“学生讲坛”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：学生讲坛StudentForum（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）快乐每一天1406813201答案：一、语篇填空1.persuaded2.my3.successful4.where5.Studies6.trying7.isconsidered/hasbeenconsidered8.in9.easily10.designed二、完形填空11---15BDCAD16---20BCDCB21---25ABCDD26---30AACAB三、阅读理解31--33DCB34---37DABD38--41ABDA42---45CBCA四、七选五46---50EFACD书面表达第一节：DearJim,Thankyouforasking.I'mgladtotellyouaboutthosephotos.LastSaturdayourschoolorganizeda“LearningfromFarmers”activity.MyclassmatesandIwenttoafarminnorthernBeijing.Wehelpedthefarmerspickapplesthewholeday.IamveryhappybecauseIworkedandhelpedthefarmers.AndIlearnedforthefirsttimeofthedifficultygettingfruitsontothekitchentable.YoursLiHua