第二次课TCPIP协议栈

微软系统工程师、微软企业架构专家课程陈新柁　微软认证讲师(MCSE\MCITP\CCSP)高士达微软高级技术教育中心E-mail:chenxinduo@hotmail.combausrspx@yahoo.com.cn第二次课程TCP/IP目标通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ：了解TCP/IP 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 栈，各个分层的主要功能、IP协议的应用掌握IP地址分类，子网掩码的作用，识别网络标识号、主机标识号，子网的数目学会使用网络监视器抓取 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 数据包早期的协议族全球范围TCP/IP介绍主机InternetTCP/IP主机TCP/IP协议族7654325432应用层表达层会话层传输层网络层数据链路层物理层1应用层传输层Internet层数据链路层物理层1应用层概述应用层传输层Internet层数据链路层物理层文件传输-TFTP*-FTP*-NFSE-Mail-SMTP远程登陆-Telnet*-rlogin*网络管理-SNMP*名称管理-DNS*传输层概述TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)UserDatagramProtocol(UDP)应用层传输层Internet层数据链路层物理层面向连接非面向连接TCP数据格式Sourceport(16)Destinationport(16)Sequencenumber(32)HDRLEN(4)Acknowledgementnumber(32)Reserved(6)Codebits(6)Window(16)Checksum(16)Urgent(16)Options(0or32ifany)Data(varies)20BytesBit0Bit15Bit16Bit31端口号TCP端口号FTP传输层TELNETDNSSNMPTFTPSMTPUDP应用层2123255369161RIP520TCP端口号源端口目标端口…HostA102823…SPDPHostZTelnetZ目标端口=23.发送SYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)接收SYNHostAHostBTCP三次握手1发送SYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)接收SYN发送SYN,ACK(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)HostAHostB接收SYN12TCP三次握手发送SYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)接收SYN发送SYN,ACK(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)建立会话(seq=101ack=301ctl=ack)HostAHostB123接收SYNTCP三次握手TCP简单确认滑动窗口=1发送方接收方TCP简单确认滑动窗口=1发送方接收方发送1接收1TCP简单确认滑动窗口=1发送方接收方发送1接收1接收ACK2发送ACK2TCP简单确认滑动窗口=1发送方接收方发送1接收1接收ACK2发送ACK2发送2接收2TCP简单确认滑动窗口=1发送方接收方发送1接收1接收ACK2发送ACK2发送2接收2接收ACK3发送ACK3TCP简单确认滑动窗口=1发送方接收方发送1接收1接收ACK2发送ACK2发送2接收2接收ACK3发送ACK3发送3接收3滑动窗口=1发送方接收方发送1接收1接收ACK2发送ACK2发送2接收2接收ACK3发送ACK3发送3接收3接收ACK4发送ACK4TCP简单确认TCP顺序号和确认号源端口目标端口…顺序号#确认号#SourceDest.Seq.Ack.102823101我发送#10.TCP顺序号和确认号我已收到#10,现在我需要#11.源端口目标端口…顺序号#确认号#102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.我发送#10.TCP顺序号和确认号源端口目标端口…顺序号#确认号#102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.我已收到#10,现在我需要#11.我发送#10.TCP顺序号和确认号源端口目标端口…顺序号#确认号#102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.12Seq.2Ack.我已收到#11,现在我需要#12.我发送#11TCP窗口发送方接收方TCP窗口Windowsize=3Send2发送方接收方Windowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3Windowsize=3Send2TCP窗口发送方Windowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2数据3被丢弃接收方Windowsize=3Send2TCP窗口发送方Windowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2数据3被丢弃Windowsize=3Send4Windowsize=3Send3接收方Windowsize=3Send2TCP窗口发送方Windowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2数据3被丢弃Windowsize=3Send4Windowsize=3Send3ACK5Windowsize=2接收方没有顺序号和确认号UDP数据格式Sourceport(16)Destinationport(16)Length(16)Data(ifany)1Bit0Bit15Bit16Bit31Checksum(16)8BytesInternet层概述OSI网络层对应的是TCP/IP的internet层InternetProtocol(IP)InternetControlMessageProtocol(ICMP)AddressResolutionProtocol(ARP)ReverseAddressResolutionProtocol(RARP)应用层传输层Internet层数据链路层物理层IP数据Version(4)DestinationIPAddress(32)Options(0or32ifany)Data(variesifany)1Bit0Bit15Bit16Bit31HeaderLength(4)Priority&TypeofService(8)TotalLength(16)Identification(16)Flags(3)Fragmentoffset(13)Timetolive(8)Protocol(8)Headerchecksum(16)SourceIPAddress(32)20Bytes决定上层协议协议域TransportLayerInternetLayerTCPUDPProtocolNumbersIP176ICMP协议ApplicationTransportInternetDataLinkPhysicalDestinationUnreachableEcho(Ping)OtherICMP1ARP协议172.16.3.1172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=???我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.ARP协议172.16.3.1172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=???我知道你的请求，这是我的物理地址我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.ARP协议172.16.3.1IP:172.16.3.2Ethernet:0800.0020.1111172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=???我知道你的请求，这是我的物理地址我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.ARP协议映射IPEthernetLocalARP172.16.3.1IP:172.16.3.2Ethernet:0800.0020.1111172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=???我知道你的请求，这是我的物理地址我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.RARP协议Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???我的地址是多少？RARP协议Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???我的地址是多少？我听到了广播你的地址是172.16.3.25.RARP协议Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???我的地址是多少？我听到了广播你的地址是172.16.3.25.RARP协议映射EthernetIPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???我的地址是多少？我听到了广播你的地址是172.16.3.25.使用网络监视器断点连接需要确定的地址路径选择LocationisrepresentedbyanaddressTCP/IP地址介绍172.18.0.2172.18.0.1172.17.0.2172.17.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.1SADAHDRDATA10.13.0.0192.168.1.010.13.0.1192.168.1.1IP地址255255255255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost32bitsIP地址255255255255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost128643216842111111111111111111111111111111111Binary32bits1891617242532128643216842112864321684211286432168421IP地址255255255255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost12864321684211111111111111111111111111111111110101100000100000111101011001100Binary32bits17216122204ExampleDecimalExampleBinary1891617242532128643216842112864321684211286432168421ClassA:ClassB:ClassC:ClassD:多播地址ClassE:科研用IP地址分类NetworkHostHostHostNetworkNetworkHostHostNetworkNetworkNetworkHost8bits8bits8bits8bitsIP地址分类1ClassA:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost891617242532Range(1-126)1ClassB:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost891617242532Range(128-191)1ClassC:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost891617242532Range(192-223)1ClassD:Bits:1110MMMMMulticastGroupMulticastGroupMulticastGroup891617242532Range(224-239)主机地址172.16.2.1172.16.3.10172.16.12.1210.1.1.110.250.8.1110.180.30.118E1172.161212网络主机..网络端口172.16.0.010.0.0.0E0E1路由表172.16.2.110.6.24.2E011111111计算可用的主机地址17216001010110000010000000000000000000016151413121110987654321网络主机000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111110......000000000000001111111101123655346553565536-...265534N2N-2=216-2=65534IP地址分类练习地址类别网络主机10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10IP地址分类练习（ 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ）地址类别网络主机10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10ABCCBNonexistent10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16网络172.16.0.0172.16.0.0不设子网的地址172.16.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.3…...172.16.255.253172.16.255.254网络172.16.0.0设置子网的地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150E0172.16网络网络端口172.16.0.0172.16.0.0E0E1新路由表2160主机..172.16.3.1E1子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150172.16.3.1E0E1172.162160网络主机..网络端口172.16.2.0172.16.3.0E0E1新路由表子网子网掩码1721600255255002552552550IPAddressDefaultSubnetMask8-bitSubnetMaskNetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost“/16”表示子网掩码有16位.“/24”表示子网掩码有24位.11111111111111110000000000000000十进制和二进制的转换10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=25411111111=255128643216842116网络主机172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000缺省情况下子网未划分00000010缺省情况下的子网掩码172.16.2.160255.255.0.0网络号扩展了8位地址的网络利用子网掩码划分子网16网络主机172.16.2.160255.255.255.017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010子网网络号128192224240248252254255利用子网掩码划分子网网络主机172.16.2.160255.255.255.192101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010子网扩展了10位地址的网络161722128网络好128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255子网掩码练习地址子网掩码类别子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0子网掩码练习（答案）地址子网掩码类别子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.16.010.30.36.0广播地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0172.16.3.255(Directedbroadcast)255.255.255.255(Localnetworkbroadcast)X172.16.255.255(Allsubnetsbroadcast)地址汇总示例16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19241地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212161722160地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921237161722160地址汇总示例101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234161722160地址汇总示例10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160地址汇总示例101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234567161722160地址汇总示例101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212345678161722160地址汇总示例101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192172.16.2.128172.16.2.191172.16.2.129172.16.2.190123456789161722160IPHostAddress:172.16.2.121SubnetMask:255.255.255.0SubnetAddress=172.16.2.0HostAddresses=172.16.2.1–172.16.2.254BroadcastAddress=172.16.2.255EightbitsofsubnettingNetworkSubnetHost10101100000100000000001011111111172.16.2.121:255.255.255.0:1010110011111111Subnet:10101100000100000001000011111111000000100000001011111111011110010000000000000000B类地址子网规划Broadcast:Network子网划分Othersubnets192.168.5.16192.168.5.32192.168.5.4820子网5主机/子网C类地址：192.168.5.011111000IPHostAddress:192.168.5.121SubnetMask:255.255.255.248NetworkSubnetHost192.168.5.121:1100000011111111Subnet:110000001010100010101000111111110000010100000101111111110111100101111000255.255.255.248:C类地址子网规划SubnetAddress=192.168.5.120HostAddresses=192.168.5.121–192.168.5.126BroadcastAddress=192.168.5.127FiveBitsofSubnettingBroadcast:NetworkNetwork11000000101010000000010101111111广播地址练习地址类别子网广播地址201.222.10.60255.255.255.248子网掩码15.16.193.6255.255.248.0128.16.32.13255.255.255.252153.50.6.27255.255.255.128广播地址练习（答案）153.50.6.127地址类别子网广播地址201.222.10.60255.255.255.248C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56子网掩码15.16.193.6255.255.248.0A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0128.16.32.13255.255.255.252B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12153.50.6.27255.255.255.128B153.50.6.0给PC配置IP地址成就未来尽在高士达