Part 2 Banked Cloze

Part 2 Banked Cloze 2.1题型分析 在大学英语四、六级新题型考试中的仔细阅读部分出现了一个新的题型——选词填空（Banked Cloze）。该部分文章长约220（四级）或250-300（六级）个词，考生在阅读完留有10个空格的文章后，必须在所给的15个词中根据语境需要选出10个词逐项填入。所给出的词汇都是实词，所以不仅要求考生读懂文章，明了大意，而且对这15个四（六）级高频词都要熟悉，懂得其词义和词形变化，会运用，并在有限的答题时间里选准填对。由于在平时背记单词时大多数考生片面重视词义，忽视词性和用法，所以这道形式新颖的词汇题仍然是考生们考试中的一个难关。其实选词填空难度不是太高，如果在考前能注意掌握科学有效的解题方法和技巧，再进行适量训练，就能取得好的成绩。 2.2解题思路与步骤 第一步：通读全文(1分钟) 由于选词填空后面的备选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，因此最好不要先看选项，以免乱了思路，自食先入为主的恶果。一定要先了解文章大意，按照文章脉络去找选项。因此，务必先沉着地把文章通读一遍，尤其注意空格前后的内容，寻找正确选项的提示信息。和完型填空一样，选词填空文章的第一句是完整的，一般不会出现题目，它对全文起概括提示的作用，所以，一定要认真看懂第一句。同时，也要先统观全局，花几秒钟时间把文章各个自然段的首句扫读一遍，这样有助于快速把握文章的主要内容和题材。 第二步：整理选项(1分钟) 先标出15个选项的词性，例如在名词旁写上n.， 动词旁写v. 等等。选词填空中只考实词中的四种： eq \o\ac(○,1)名词在句中作主语和宾语，有时也作定语； eq \o\ac(○,2)动词作谓语和非谓语； eq \o\ac(○,3)形容词作定语，表语和补足语； eq \o\ac(○,4)副词作状语，修饰动词,形容词或整个 句子 关于阅读的唯美句子关于古风的唯美句子执行力的经典句子鼓励人努力奋斗的句子用沉默代替一切的句子 。通过研究样题和真题，可以发现四种实词中，考得最少的是副词，不超过两个空，特征也最为明显，可以从副词寻求突破。剩下的三种词平均每次有三道题，动词一般考三个。 单词的词性主要依靠平时记单词时积累，但单词的后缀或词尾也是帮助大家判断其词性的重要标志。如以-ion, -age, -ness, -ity, -ship, -ace, -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ency, -dom, -itude, -um或-mony 结尾的大都是名词；以-ize, -ise, -fy结尾的大都是动词；以-ive, -ent, -ant, -ful, -ous, -able, -ary, -ic, -cal或-less结尾的是大都是形容词；以-ly,-ways或-wise 结尾的大都是副词。 需要注意的是： （1） 有的词既可作名词，也可作动词，需要根据上下文做出判断，比如 display, concern, challenge等等。这时两种词性都要标出来，先标第一反映出来的词性。 （2） 以-ing,-ed 结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由分词转变而来的形容词，如在句子She’s holding her mother’s hand中，holding是动词的现在进行时形式，但在holding power 中，holding是形容词；又如：在academic skills he acquired中，acquired是动词的过去时形式，但在a newly acquired jacket 中，acquired就是动词过去分词作形容词。在这两种情况下就需要根据上下文来决定该词的具体词性。 词性可标在选项的前面，也就是A, B, C……的前面，便于查找；也可标在两组选项的中间空白处，方便对照；或者也可以在标完词性之后，把同一词性的词用线连起来，这样找单词的时候速度会快一点。 判定词性时，一是要使用一切办法，看能否判断其词性，这也是阅读中的要旨。词的性质有时比词义还重要。第二是尽量即可，不一定每个都能辨别出来，有些不认识又没其他办法的词，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。 第三步：选词填空(4分钟) 回到文章含有空白处的句子，运用语法知识分析句子结构，先确定所需单词的词性，再到备选的单词中找同一词性的选项，根据结构、搭配、文章来确定 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 。 下面将以考试大纲样题和“典型例题详解”中的真题为例加以说明。 When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a 1 . “I couldn’t understand anything,” he said. He 2 from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out. Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his 3 Spanish. “She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,” he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he 4 confidence and began to succeed in school. Today, he is a 5 doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he 6 through bilingual education to treat his patients. Roberto’s story is just one of 7 success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most 8 way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students 9 outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college 10 rates of more than 90%. In El Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Taxas to among the highest in the nation. A) wonder B) acquired C) consistently D) regained E) nightmare F) native G) acceptance H) effective I) hid J) prominent K) decent L) countless M) recalled N) breakthrough O) automatically 动词的确定： （l）空格前后都是名词短语或代词，中间所缺的可能是谓语动词。另外，根据一个句子(包括从句)只有一个动词作谓语的原则，如句子无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词。 样题Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he regained confidence and began to succeed in school. 样题He hid from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out. 样题Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he acquired through bilingual education … （2) 如果一个完整的句子之前后再有逗号隔开的结构，该结构一般是非谓语动词短语。 真题The rainfall is increased across South America, causing floods to Peru. 名词的确定： （1）常用在冠词,指示代词以及形容词性物主代词（my, your等）的后面作主语。 样题Education soon became a nightmare. （2）用在动词和介词的后面作宾语。 真题As the trade winds lessen in strength… （3）用在名词前面或形容词后面作定语。 样题…college acceptance rates… （4）用在宾语后面作宾语补足语。 例如You may not want to deny a child a college education… 形容词的确定： （1）用在名词的前面作定语，修饰该名词。 样题… began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his native Spanish. 样题Today, he is a prominent doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. 样题Roberto’s story is just one of countless success stories. 样题… that bilingual education is the most effective way both to teach children English and … （2）用在连系动词后面作表语，与该动词一起作谓语。 例如The tone of voice is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh. （3）用在宾语后面作宾语补足语。 例如It is essential that the management keep the employees motivated. 副词的确定： （1）用在动词附近，修饰动词作方式状语。 样题…students consistently outperform their peers … （2）程度副词用在形容词或副词的前面作状语起限定作用。 真题…but they are still not completely sure what leads to it… （3）用在句子的前面或后面，修饰整个句子。 例如Not surprisingly, the jury found them both guilty. 根据语法确定所需单词的词性之后，有的空格可以很快确定答案，有的不一定一眼就能找到，这时就需要根据上下文内容来确定。此时，一方面要看文章的具体内容，另一方面要特别注意表示上下文逻辑关系的提示词，比如and, but, or等。只要足够细心，空格处附近肯定会出现足够多的信息帮助确定答案。（1）注意所需单词和所给选项的适用对象和范围、感情色彩、固定搭配、语法功能和语言风格等；（2）结合上下文特定语境中产生的特定意义，注意其特定的接受对象、人物关系、情感氛围等，不能简单看其字面意义；（3）进一步关注句子与句子（或段落）之间的联系，看语言风格是否一致，前后逻辑是否一致，看填入的单词是否符合文意。 样题举例： (1)When Roberto … he knew only a few words…soon became a _______ … came home in tears….（困难都让他流泪了，填入的肯定是个贬义词nightmare） (2)Roberto’s story is just one of _______ success stories. （反义对比：one 之于countless，一对多） (3)…now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college education ______ rates of more than 90%. （反义对比：dropout 对 acceptance，休学率对入学率） 第四步：回顾检查（1分钟） 填入所确定的词后，再次快速浏览全文。看上下文是否通顺、是否符合逻辑，语言风格是否一致。发现问题稍作调整。 回顾检查时浏览速度要快，只看有题的句子即可。 2.3典型例题详解 下面以2006年6月考试真题为例，说明解题的思路和技巧： El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 1 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lesson in 2 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃. The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 3 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 4 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 5 . EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 6 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused eight billion pounds 7 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 8 this to be the longest El Nino for 2, 000 years. Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 9 , but they are still not 10 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be. 沪江 [F] phenomenon [B] strength [E] tropical [L] bringing  [K] starvation [J] destructive [N] worth [A] estimate [O] strike [I] completely [C] deliberately [D] notify [G] stable [H] attraction [M] exhaustion 沪江四六 1．[F] 解析空格前为一形容词，通常其后修饰名词，可推知空格处要填一单数名词。从前文可知，所填名词指代EI Nino（厄尔尼诺）这种反常的气候变化。选项中共有六个名词而能指代EI Nino的只有[F] phenomenon（现象）。 2．[B] 解析从主谓结构来看，这个句子是完整的（the trade winds lessen），空格处介绍信风在哪方面减弱，选项中剩下的五个名词中能说明信风特征之一的只有[B] strength(力量)；而且所填入单词在介词in后面作介词宾语。 3．[E] 解析空格中所需的是与severe并列修饰thunderstorms（雷暴）的形容词，选项中能修饰名词，并且和闷热,潮湿的空气等气候现象相联系的只有[E]tropical（热带的）。选项中其它两个形容词[J] destructive（毁灭性），与severe(严重的)意思重复，而 [G] stable（稳定的）不用来修饰thunderstorms。 4．[L] 解析此处的逗号起重要提示作用，逗号后面部分为伴随状态，起补充说明作用。选项中只有动词的现在分词形式符合题意，[L] bringing为正确选项。 5．[K] 解析本空的解题关键是连词and，and连接的并列结构性质意义往往一致，是顺接关系。从剩下的四个名词中选出能和drought（干旱）,poor crops（农作物歉收）构成语义上的顺承关系的名词是[K] starvation(饥荒)。最具迷惑性的 [M] exhaustion（耗尽枯竭）不能很好地描述poor crops现象。 6．[J] 解析显然，此处需要填入一个形容词修饰weather。现剩下两个形容词选项，但从后一句话介绍的可怕影响(2,000 people dead) 可很容易确定答案是[J] destructive(毁灭性的)。 7．[N] 解析此处需要填入一名词，能与eight billion pounds搭配，表明其损失（damage），选项中只有[N] worth（价值）符合题意。 沪 8．[A] 解析根据一个句子有且只有一个动词作谓语的原则，此处需要填入一个动词作谓语。选项中有三个动词为备选项。从宾语来看，the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years (两千年以来持续时间最长的厄尔尼诺现象)为结论性的话，排除[O] strike（打击）；[D] notify（通知）为不及物动词，后接介词of，不能选；[A] estimate（评估）符合题意。 9．[O] 解析根据一个句子有且只有一个动词作谓语的原则，此处需要填入一个动词作谓语。主语为EI Nino，在剩下的动词中，[D] notify（通知）主语通常为人，应首先排除。[O] strike作及物动词时意为“打击, 侵袭”，与题意相符。 沪江四 10．[I] 解析从空格后的作表语的形容词sure（确定的）可知此处需要填入一个副词来表示其程度。选项中两个副词completely(完全地)和deliberately（故意地），很容易能选出[I]为正确选项。 2.4常见问题分析 （一）单词不熟 不清楚词性而不知其用法；单词词义太多没有记全，有时考查的并非最常用的意义。故要尽可能扩大词汇量；记单词要细，特别是以往忽略了的词性。 例如：上节真题中 [E] tropical，这个选项，很多同学不熟悉单词的意思，从词形上也许可以判断出来词性，但是词义不清楚，成功率就较低。 另外，词性对做题也会起到关键的作用，真题中第56题，从空格后的作表语的形容词sure（确定的）可知，此处需要填入一个副词来表示其程度。选项中两个副词completely(完全地)和deliberately（故意地），所以很容易选出前者为正确选项。 （二）词义相同，用法有别 例如：suspect 和 doubt两个词意思接近，但是用法不同，suspect sb.of sth.（doing sth） 或者suspect that…, doubt 后接名词从句时, 疑问句和否定句用连词 that, but, but that, 肯定句一般用连接词 whether, if, what, when 等, 如肯定句用that, 往往表示非常怀疑, doubt+名词。 （三）固定搭配，特定语境 例如：同样是“利用……”, 却有不同的搭配take advantage of sth. /make use of sth. （四）长句难句，分析不清 例如，Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college 10 rates of more than 90%. 由于dropout rates的并列宾语college acceptance rates距离较远，很容易误将其看成引导的定语从句的一部分，造成理解上的错误。 （五）逻辑关系把握不清 例如，在使用一些连接词however，therefore，otherwise时会出现错误。 （六）反复修改，拿不定主意 考生往往会做完题后，对个别答案产生怀疑。应相信第一印象，因为第一印象往往来自语感。 2.5 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 训练 Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 基础篇 1 Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly  （1） to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was  （2） to a little college French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language,  （3） unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up  （4） and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable  （5） I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can’t learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment. There were some bad（6） . But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even  （7） bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition  （8） . But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a （9）  . And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can  （10） wonders. A) accomplish I) manufacture B) advanced J) moments C) balloon K) news D) claim L) reduced E) constantly M) regret F) declare N) scary G) interviews O) totally H) limit 2 Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate and each course that he attends gives him a (1) which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A _(2)_course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to (3)__the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a (4)_practice. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to _(5)_employers, All this _(6)_a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations (7) _ much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining (8)_is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the (9)__of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of (10) is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career. A) spread I) credit B) discipline J) resign C) sensitive K) regular D) typical L) authority E) operation M) version F) harmony N) arouse G) prospective O) universe H) imposes 3 It can be shown in facts and figures that cycling is the cheapest, most convenient, and most (1)__desirable form of transport in towns, but the real _(2)_of cycling is that it is so enjoyable. It would be foolish to deny the danger of (3) _the road with motor vehicles and it must be admitted that there are an alarming number of accidents _(4)_cyclists. However, it is possible to ride in such a way as to reduce risk to a (5) _. If you decide to join the thousands in Britain who are now (6)_to cycling, your first problem will be trying to decide what bike to buy. Here are two simple rules for buying a bike: 1) Always buy the best you can (7)_.Of course there has to be a meeting point between what you would really like and economic reality, but aim as high as you can and you will get the(8)_not only when you ride but also if you want to sell. 2) Get the best frame, the main structure of the bicycle, for your money as you can. Cheap brakes, wheels or gears can easily be replaced by more expensive ones, but the frame sets the upper limit on any (9)_.You should (10)_for the possibility that your cycling ambitions will grow with practice. A)involving I)allow B)transformation J)deadline C)appeal K)environmentally D)account L)provide E)benefit M)minimum F)afford N) facility G)transportation O)sharing H)returning 4 Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of (1). At times, however, we become (2)__of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between (3)_ and meaning. Different people converse with the text (4)_.Some stay very close to the words on the page; others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The (5)_ represents a kind of comprehension, which is written in the text. The latter represents higher levels of comprehension .The balance between these is important, especially for (6)_readers. There is another conversation which from our viewpoint is (7)_important, and that is to do not with what is read but with (8)_it is read, We call this a “process” conversation as opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies we (9)_in reading, If we are advanced readers our ability to hold a content conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed. It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new (10) being placed upon us by studying at a higher level. A)expectations I)former B) demands J)looking C)unaware K)advanced D)formal L) consciousness E)differently M)employ F)how N) adequate G)seeking O)aware H)equally 5 Australians are very direct people and usually mean what they say. When they (1) an invitation to somebody they are not just being polite and if that person accepts the invitation, he is expected to (2).In some cultures it is not polite to say no. This is not the (3) in Australia. If a person is invited to do something and is (4) to do it, a "no" answer should be given; otherwise the person who has issued the invitation will be greatly (5). Punctuality is also expected when an invitation is accepted. If a person is invited to be at a (6) place at a specified time, especially if there is a meal (7), that person is expected to arrive on time. One of the reasons for this is that western-type Australia food, such as a roast dinner, must be served eaten as soon as it is cooked, and if a person arrives late the food will be (8). Australians always issue informal invitations. They will give a person their name, address and telephone number and say, “Why don't you come and see me sometime when you are free?” This is not just a polite (9); it is a (n) (10) invitation and the Australian who has issued the invitation will be disappointed and even offended if that person does not contact. A) unable I) requested B) prospect J) expression C) turn   K) genuine D) case  L) involved E) propose  M) come F) offended N) spoiled G) issue  O) convenient H) particular 6 People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their_(1)_,that their gardens had(2)_overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, (3)_down the cliff and into the sea. Erosion(侵蚀)of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be (4)_as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, (5)_the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea. Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea (6)_to protect their homes. Government (7)_have pointed out that in most case, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, (8)_the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. (9)_, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a (10)_home. A) desert I) experts B) Meanwhile J) precautions C) strengthened K) defenses D) knockdown L) shifting E) sliding M) releasing F) However N) horror G) abandoned O) forecasting H) disappeared 7 The traditional wedding vow “to stay together till death us do part” is becoming outdated in most western counties as divorce rates continue to rise steadily. In the U.S., for example, the statistics for 1978 show one divorce for every two marriages; in that year, over million couples had their marriages dissolved, often at high financial and social _(1)_. One factor behind the steady rise in divorce rate, according to sociologists, is the changing _(2)_ of women. More and more women are continuing to _(3)_ after marriage, thus remaining financially independent. What’s more they are becoming less _(4)_ of husbands who treat them as subordinates. Another important factor is the gradual relaxation of divorce law in many states. It is now (5)_ easy to obtain a divorce on the grounds of irretrievable breakdown of marriage. While divorce is often the only _ (6)_ solution to married couples who can no longer _(7)_ the sight of each other, it can have a shocking effect on their kids. It is estimated that one in four children in the United States _(8)__ lives with only one parent. Many such children _(9)__ up to be emotionally unstable to cope with the pressures of modern society. They are the _(10) victims of divorce. A) currently I) status B) learn J) bored C) grow K) stand D) work L) advantage E) hard M) principal F) satisfactory N) cost G) relatively O) tolerant H) insignificant 8 As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education（1）. The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the  （2）  of peacemakers. The Children’s Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children （3）as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The Schools of Peace. The classroom （4）opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with（5） , peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step （6） toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are （7）useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers club started in 1992 provides a Website with resources for teachers and （8） on a starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the （9） of war. Starting a Peacemakers’ Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the （10）school. A) acting         I) information   B) assuming      J) offers        C) comprehensive K) projects      D) cooperative    L) respectively  E) entire   M) role    F) especially    N) technology G) forward  O) victims H) images  9 The use of nuclear power has already spread all over the world. However, scientists still have not agreed on what should be done with the large amounts of waste material that keep increasing every year. Most waste materials are (1) of simply by placing them somewhere. But nuclear waste must be (2) with extremely great care. It gives off dangerous radiation and it will continue to be (3) for hundreds, thousands, even millions of years. How should we get rid of such waste material in such a way that it will not harm the (4)? Where can we possibly (5) distribute it? One idea is to put this radioactive waste inside a thick container, which is then dropped to the bottom of the ocean. But some scientists believe that this way of (6) nuclear waste could kill fish and other living things in the oceans or (7) with their growth. Another way to remove nuclear waste is to (8) it into space, to the sun, where it would be burned. Other scientists suggest that this polluting material should be (9) thousands of meters under the earth’s surface. Such underground areas must be (10) of possible earthquakes. Advances are being made. But it may still be many years before this problem could be finally settled. A) free  I) send B) interfere J) captured C) residence K) disposed  D) handled   L) discarding E) deadly   M) environment F) safely  N) disturb G) buried O) unfavorable H) scattering 10 Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our _(1)_ and our experience? (2)_ enough, the answer to both questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special __(3)_ can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a (n) (4)_ environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will _(5)_ on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are _(6)_ to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two irrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degree of _(7)_ will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two _(8)_ twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have (9)_ intelligence, and this clearly (10)_ that intelligence depends on birth. A) identical I) education B) environment J) intelligence C) suggests K) boring D) predicts L) relationship E) Strangely M) depend F) similar N) cultivate G) endurance O) likely H) Frankly 11 A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural（1）for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn（2）to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to （3） from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a （4） of human experiences and come to （5） other ways of thought and living. And while （6） their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the （7） in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. Books provide（8） material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books （9）their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure （10）. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. A) abundant I) establishing B) characters J) narrow C) communicating K) naturally D) completely L) personnel E) derive M) properly F) desire N) respect G) diversity O) widen H) escape 12 In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or less extent, concepts of male superiority are hard to _(1)_ .The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that _(2)_more easily than did their parents and to prepare more (3) for participation in a world characterized by (4) rather than by “battle of the sexes”. If the process goes too far and man’s role is (5) as less important and that has happened in some cases, we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to reestimate the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Monism”(一元论)，but we don’t want to exchange it for a “new-Monism”. What we need, rather, is the (6) that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists in family are becoming more (7) of the part men play. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is not important in home. We are beginning, however, to analyze a man’s place in the home and to (8) that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place (9) to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authority has unhappy (10), whether it wears skirts or trousers, the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is relative not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family. A) cooperation I) considerable B) insist J) aware C) consequences K) recognition D) interpret L) regarded E) fully M) perfectly F) equality N) transforms G) maintain O) conservation H) irrelevant 13 Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast (1) places on the earth. But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole. The word geography (2)_ from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for "earth" and graphein, which means “to write." The English word geography means "to describe the earth." Some geography books _(3)_ on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or a(n) _(4)__ continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another _(5)_to divide the study of geography is to (6)_ between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the _(7)_ starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act upon each other. But when geography is (8) as a single subject, neither branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the _(9)_ between places. If all places were alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, then, is a point of view, a special way of _(10) at places. A) exactly I) habit B) various J) looking C) difference K) derives D) matter L) way E) focus M) extremely F) considered N) distinguish G) entire O) ambitious H) latter 14 Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do ---- especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job (1) that come cross his desk every day. “It’ amazing how many (2) eliminate themselves,” he says. “Resume (简历) arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t (3) to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I (4) the candidate.” Crossley concludes. “If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?” Can we pay too much attention to details? (5). Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees, ”says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must (6) ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture. If they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.” Garfield compares this (7) to his work as computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,” says Garfield. But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make (8) as necessary.” Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we (9). Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break(机遇)。But rarely is success so (10). Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow. A) process I) Previously B) undertake J) bother C) mysterious K) adjustments D) burst L) ultimate E) candidates M) applications F) eliminate N) constantly G) boundary O ) substantial H) Absolutely 15 Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark _(1)_,fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all (2)_problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the _(3)_setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train(驯服)it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the _(4)_for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to _(5)_your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog (6)_a simple request of “come here, sit”, it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to (7)_yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate(从属的)role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love (8)_tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can _(9)_your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more _(20)_ and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. A) engaging I) confident B) enrich J) generous C) foundation K) domestic D) entitle L) interaction E) establish M) excessively F) obeys N) performing G) severely O) instruct H) behavior 提高篇 16 Some people say that nothing is more vivid or memorable than a picture. We disagree. No (1) image is as vivid as the image created by the mind in (2) to words. The main function of the poet or the artist, in fact, is to enable people to see more (3) into things than they can with the unaided eyes. There is more to life than meets the eye and this is what good prose, (4) or painting is all about. It is not true that one picture is worth a thousand words. It takes only a few words ---- if they are the right words ---- to stimulate the imagination and (5) pictures far more colorful than anything within the range of electronic communications. Yet the (6) importance and power of print is (7) not by its superior images but by its ability to convey abstract ideas. No matter how (8) or prolonged a person’s formal schooling may be, he is only partially educated if he is unable to think abstractly. No other (9) of communication can equal the speed and accuracy of print in moving an abstraction from one human brain to another. If we are looking for a way to kill philosophy, then let us by all means put an end to print, for print is the natural (10) of ideas. A) intensive I) deeply B) emulate J) habitat C) poetry K) imaging D) imaginative L) visual E) medium M) equally F) produce N) represented G) response O) concrete H) ultimate 17 Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has (1) the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses (2) by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently (3) into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread (4) that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of (5) and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.” The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped (6) self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “(7) disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out (8) for other jobs.” The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future fiches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness. (9) in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one, growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women’s movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at (10) people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,” said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Per-fin management consulting firm. A) assumption I) marketing B) inspire J) motivating C) seeking K) borne D) ruled L) ideally E) Enrollment M) cutting F) extremely N) Errand G) predecessor O) manipulating H) excessively 18 Cyberspace（网络空间）, data superhighways, multi-media for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives for ever, yet for all the talk of a (1) technological utopia（乌托邦）little attention has been given to the (2) of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the “how”, the question of “for whom” is put aside once again. Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the (3) revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and (4) corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the have to increase their control on global markets ---- with (5) impact on the have-nots. For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures（期货）” are traded on computer screens, developing countries (6) have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves ---- so-called “development communications” modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent (7) on developing countries’ economies. Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to (8) remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit --- credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain. Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to (9) it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and (10) of transnational corporations may benefit, those lives depend on access to the information are denied it. A) constraints I) subsidiaries B) destructive J) communications C) confidential K) manufacture D) exploit L) brace E) implications M) forthcoming F) ambiguously N) default G) abolish O) simply H) transnational 19 More than 200 tons of cocaine were smuggled last year from Columbia to Europe, twice that of the previous year, (1) U.S. officials Thursdays to call for greater involvement by European nations in the war on drugs. The dramatic increase in cocaine use among Europeans ---- led by Spain, Germany and Italy ---- is outlined in reports (2) by several U.S. drug-enforcement and intelligence agencies to the director of the White House Office of Drug Control Policy. Mr. Weiner, the spokesman of the office, noted that cocaine (3) in Europe had increased at a very high rate. The reports describe the increased use of cocaine in Europe as “ (4),” adding that the European nations used between 194 and 207 tons of cocaine last year, up from 104 to 110 tons the (5) year. They said 90 percent of the cocaine that came into Europe (6) in Columbia and usually was smuggled aboard cargo ships from Brazil and Ecuador. The new information surfaces in time for meetings that begin Friday in Madrid involving several European Union States, called to discuss aid (7) to Columbia for its war on drugs and against rising armed (8) by the rebel Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia, Known as FARC. The Clinton administration will be represented at the Madrid conference by Thomas Pickering, under secretary of state for policy affairs, who has (9) the U.S. policy on Columbia. The Columbian government is attempting to win back some of the more than 30 percent of the country held by the rebel forces. The regions under FARC control, (10) in southern Columbia, supply most of the cocaine flowing into the United States and Europe. A) consumption I) prescribed B) separately J) contributions C) forceful K) account D) phenomenal L) coordinated E) submitted M) originated F) mostly N) previous G) promoting O) violence H) mission 20 A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One’s physical assets and (1) don’t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The (2) unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that (3) attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking (4) jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. (5), you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties（虔诚）while action just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group ---- college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers ---- a piece of paper (6) an individual’s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain (7), anything from personal warmth to the (8) that he or she will be promoted. Almost (9), the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical (10) on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive. A) relating I) Un-American B) pacific J) likelihood C) liabilities K) virtually D) invariably L) attractiveness E) managerial M) physically F) resemblance N) smuggles G) attributes O) principally H) veiling 21 Of all the instincts a new parent has, the desire to adequately feed a child is one of the strongest. For first-time parents, (1) to breast-feed successfully can be one of the most difficult aspects of life with baby. The site gives locating (哺乳的) mums and (2) dads the answers they need for breast-feeding confidence through a series of news articles, helpful topics and fun features that include video clips, question areas and a nationwide (3) of location consultants. Breast-feeding is an (4) issue of many, and new parents need facts and information. While my son may be getting the proper (5) he needs now, in the beginning, we were encouraged by a variety of people ---- from nurses in the hospital to family members ---- to “at least (6)” my son’s diet with formula. We had no idea whether this was the right course to follow. Had I known about this (7) new site, my wife and I would have been (8) with the Web site. This section, broken into three (9) ---- what to do before birth, at the birth and after the birth ---- comes filled with the (10) things mom can do to promote successful breast-feeding. A) directory I) efficient B) supplement J) numerous C) facility K) confused D) emotional L) chemicals E) charge M) segments F) trying N) nutrition G) rationally O) armed H) relatively 22 In our system of education today, examinations are a common feature. Our present education system has often been (1) as too examination-oriented (以考试为中心). However, one must remember that in offices and other areas of work, examinations still feature (2). There is no doubt that the (3) and influence of examinations cause much preparation work. So it therefore appears that examinations whether (4) good or bad would stay for while as test of human knowledge. Examinations are meant to test the intellect of a person, how much he knows or how much he has learnt from a particular course. It is (5) to make students study, which should be their (6) mission in life. In our competitive world of today, examinations have a (7) selecting or filtering role. In the university, students have to pass annual examinations before they are allowed to continue，or study a harder syllabus. The examination results would show whether the student is ready to (8) on the next phase of his course. Moreover, for entrance into university, pre-university examination results would provide a guide as to whether a student has the minimum qualifications necessary. This is because the number of seats in universities is limited and only (9), hard-working students should be given a place. In offices, whether government or (10) ones, examination results show clearly whether a person is fit for promotion. The results indicate how much he knows about his work. A) embark I) private B) clearly J) highly C) confidence K) counsel D) immediate L) considered E) decidedly M) decline F) dread N) customary G) deserving O) designed H) criticized 23 For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is an extravagance（奢侈）; they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision. Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with (1). One husband said, “Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was a (2), we couldn’t afford. With two (3) children, it soon became clear in their (4) that with babysitters, transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might (5) end up with less. Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important (6) of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many (7) and conflicting feelings. From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to work is made in too much (8). There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn’t mature enough to see how much I could have (9) at home. I regret my (10) to get on with my career. I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl’s eyes. A) displacement I) economics B) actually J) impatience C) gained K) haste D) energetic L) figuring E) preschool M) equilibrium F) luxury N) aspects G) economically O) alternate H) confusing 24 Even as the economy improves, a jobless executive may face up to a year or more of unemployment. This is a lot of time, (1) for hard-charging （巨大压力的） high-performers who are not used to having any free time. While some job seekers spend hundreds — even thousands — of hours discovering daytime television, others seem to (2) on activities that boost their professional careers or resolve family issues when they aren’t working. Having an (3) period of free time in the prime of one’s life can in fact be a unique opportunity to focus on volunteer service, professional education or personal growth. For Lisa Perez, the wakeup call was burned pork chops. An executive who (4) hadn’t been particularly interested in home and health had become obsessed with homemaking during a stint (短暂时光) of unemployment. She realized that cleaning and organizing her home wasn’t helping her job search. Nevertheless, “I made lists of 4 things to do every day,” says Ms. Perez, a political and public-relations (5) in Scottsdale, Ariz. “My house was spotless, just so I’d have something to do.” Ms. Perez, 35, resolved to become an active volunteer for the (6) of her search. She gave her time to a health-care concern, a housing program and a political campaign. The work (7) her self-confidence. “ (8) takes the focus off you. One thing you have that’s still valuable is your time. And, of course, you learn that there are thousands of people with a life that’s much worse than yours,” she says. Volunteer (9) are also great ways to meet powerful and well-connected people. Over a six-month period, her volunteering evolved into working as a paid consultant and then as a full-time employee, a job she still holds today. In all, she was unemployed for eight months. Before her job loss, she thought she didn’t have time to volunteer while working. “Now, even though I have a (10) job, I still volunteer, because of what I got out of it,” says Ms. Perez. A) duration I) bolstered B) Volunteering J) signifying C) especially K) extended D) Recreation L) assignments E) sensible M) rigorously F) thrive N) consultant G) reserved O) demanding H) previously 25 More than 2,300 universities in over 100 countries have introduced Chinese courses to their curricula, and young overseas nationals flock to China each year to learn Chinese. In 2004, the number of (1) students in China was 400,000, with an annual increase of 20 percent in the past five years, according to the Chinese Ministry of Education. Monsieur Label and his wife, both (2) architects living in Paris’ Sixth Quarter, have (3) their daughter in a nearby school where Chinese classes start at kindergarten. Monsieur Label says of China: “my (4) and I witnessed the country’s amazing development when we attended a recent seminar in Shenzhen. I believe that China is the (5) superpower of the future. My wife and I speak French, English and Spanish, but my daughter should also learn Chinese because it will be useful to her when she grows up.” Since Chinese courses were added to the (6) of 132 French junior and senior high schools their enrollment has doubled. That at the Oriental Language and Culture College, one of France’s largest Chinese teaching colleges, has been (7) in recent years, according to Xu Dan, dean of the Chinese Department. She (8) that Chinese and Japanese are now the two most (9) Asian languages. French junior student Beida is (10) fluent in Chinese. “I’m learning Chinese because I want to be an international lawyer in China,” he explains. A) confirms I) tempting B) studied J) curricula C) international K) skyrocketing D) subsequently L) twilight E) economic M) colleagues F) respected N) spans G) severe O) totally H) enrolled PAGE 2