AS 1683.15.2-1990 橡胶的测试方法15.2：硬度

AS1683.15.2-1990橡胶的测试方法15.2：硬度1AS1683.15.2—1990AustralianStandard®MethodsoftestforelastomersMethod15.2:DurometerhardnessPREFACEThisStandardwaspreparedbytheStandardsAustraliaCommitteeonAnalysisandTestingofElastomersunderthedirectionofCommitteeRU/—,StandardsfortheRubberIndustrytosupersede,inpart,AS1683.15—1976,MethodsofTestforRubberPart15:IndentationHardnessofRubberandPlasticsbyMeansofaDurometer.Thiseditioncorrectssomeerrorsinequationsandintroducesstandardrubbersasameansofverifyingdurometers.Atthesametime,theopportunityhasbeentakentointroducethedeadloadhardnessprocedurewhichisspecifiedinMethod15.1.InthepreparationofthisStandard,accountwastakenofthefollowing:ISO48—1979Vulcanizedrubbers—Determinationofhardness(hardnessbetween30and85IRHD)BS903—1969MethodsoftestingvulcanizedrubberPartA26:Determinationofhardness2719—1975MethodsofuseandcalibrationofpockettyperubberhardnessmetersASTMD2240—1986Testmethodforrubberproperty—DurometerhardnessFOREWORDHardnessisdeterminedbythepenetrationofspecifiedindentorsintothematerialunderprescribedconditions.Themethodpermitsmeasurementofinitialindentationortheindentationafterspecifiedperiods,orboth.Theindentationhardnessisinverselyrelatedtothepenetrationoftheindentorandisdependentontheelasticmodulusandvisco-elasticbehaviourofthematerial.Theshapeoftheindentorandtheforceappliedtoitinfluencetheresultsobtainedandthustheremaybenosimplerelationshipbetweentheresultsobtainedusingthedifferenttypesofhardness-measuringinstruments.Hardnessofelastomericmaterialsismeasuredonthreescales,asfollows:(a)InternationalRubberHardnessDegrees(IRHD),asusedinthedeadloadmethod(AS1683.15.1).(b)DurometerHardnessDegrees,TypeA,usedformeasuringsoftermaterials(AS1683.15.2).NOTE:Suchmaterialswouldhaveavalueapproximating30-90IRHD.(c)DurometerHardnessDegrees,TypeD,usedformeasuringhardermaterials(AS1683.15.2).NOTE:Suchmaterialswouldhaveavalueabove90IRHD.NosimplerelationshipexistsbetweenindentationhardnessdeterminedbyAS1683.15.2andanyfundamentalpropertyofthematerialstested.METHOD1SCOPEThismethodsetsouttheprocedurefordeterminingdurometerhardnessofelastomericmaterials.Proceduresarealsogivenforverificationoftestingequipment.AS1683.15.2—19902Thismethodusestwotypesofdurometers,TypeAandTypeD.TheTypeAdurometerisusedformeasuringelastomericmaterialsinthenormalhardnessrange(30-90IRHD)andTypeDforelastomericmaterialsinthehighhardnessrange(above90IRHD).2PRINCIPLEHardnessisdeterminedbythepenetrationofspecifiedindentorsintothematerialunderprescribedconditions.3REFERENCEDDOCUMENTSThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhisStandard:AS1683Methodsoftestforrubber1683.15.1Method15.1:Internationalrubberhardness(IRHD).ISO48Vulcanizedrubbers—Determinationofhardness(hardnessbetween30and85IRHD).ASTMD2240Testmethodforrubberproperty—DurometerhardnessBS903MethodsoftestingvulcanizedrubberPartA26:Determinationofhardness4APPARATUSAdurometerisrequired,whichshallconsistofthefollowingcomponents:(a)APressorfoot—havingaholebetween2.5mmand3.2mmindiameter,centredatleast6mmfromanyedgeofthefoot.(b)Indentor—formedfromhardenedsteelrod,ofbetween1.15mmand1.40mmindiameter,totheshapeanddimensionsshowninFigure1forTypeAdurometersorinFigure2forTypeDdurometers.(c)Indicatingdevice—onwhichtheamountofextensionofthepointoftheindentormaybereadingraduationsrangingfrom0degreeshardnessforfullextensionof2.46mmto2.54mm,to100degreeshardnessforzeroextension.Zeroextensionisobtainedbyplacingthepressorfootandindentorinfirmcontactwithaflatpieceofglass.NOTE:TypeA‘Shore’Durometersserialnumbers1to16300and16351to16900andtypeA-2‘Shore’Durometersnumbers1to8077donotmeettherequirementsof2.46mmto2.54mmextensionoftheindentorat0degreeshardnessreading.Thesedurometerswillgivereadingswhicharelowbyamountsrangingfrom3degreesat30degreeshardnessto1degreeat90degreeshardness.(d)Acalibratedspring—forapplyingforcetotheindentorinaccordancewithoneofthefollowingequations:(i)F=0.550+0.075HA4(1)whereFistheforce,innewtowns,andisthehardnessreadingonaTypeAdurometer.HA4(2)(ii)F=0.445HDwhereFistheforce,innewtowns,andisthehardnessreadingonaTypeDdurometer.HD5CALIBRATIONOFDUROMETERSBYMECHANICALMEANSThespringshallbecalibratedbymechanicalmeans.Thisisachievedbysupportingthedurometerinaverticalpositionandbyrestingthepointoftheindentoronasmallspaceratthecentreofonepanofabalance,asshowninFigure3,inordertopreventinterferencebetweenpressorfootandpan.Thespacershallhaveasmallcylindricalstemapproximately2.5mminheightand1.25mmindiameter,andshallbeslightlycuppedontoptoaccommodatetheindentorpoint.Themassofthespacermaybebalancedbyatareontheoppositepanofthebalance.Knownmassesmaybeaddedtotheoppositepantobalancetheforceontheindentoratvariousscalereadings.ThemeasuredforceshallequaltheforcecalculatedbyeitherEquation4(1)towithin±0.08N,orEquation4(2)towithin±0.44N.(SeeClause4(d).)3AS1683.15.2—1990DIMENSIONSINMILLIMETRESFIGURE1INDENTORFORTYPEADUROMETERDIMENSIONSINMILLIMETRESFIGURE2INDENTORFORTYPEDDUROMETERFIGURE3APPARATUSFORCALIBRATIONOFDUROMETERSPRINGAS1683.15.2—199046TESTSPECIMENThetestspecimenshallbeatleast6mminthicknessunlessitcanbeshownthatidenticalresultscanbeobtainedwithathinnerspecimen.NOTE:Aspecimenmaybecomposedofpliedthinnerpiecestoobtainthenecessarythickness,butdeterminationsmadeonsuchspecimensmightnotagreewiththosemadeonone-piecespecimensbecausethesurfacesbetweenpliesmightnotbeincompletecontact.Thelateraldimensionsofthespecimenshallbesufficienttopermitmeasurementsatleast12mmfromanyedgeunlessitisknownthatidenticalresultsareobtainablewhenmeasurementsaremadeatashorterdistancefromanedge.Thesurfaceofthespecimenshallbesufficientlyflattopermitthepressorfoottocontactthespecimenoveranareahavingaradiusofatleast6mmfromtheindentorpoint.NOTE:Areliablehardnessdeterminationcannotbemadeonarounded,uneven,orroughsurface.7CONDITIONINGTestsshallbecarriedoutat23±2°CifthetemperatureoftestisnotspecifiedinthereferringStandard.Forelastomerswhosehardnessisnotaffectedbyrelativehumidity,thedurometerandspecimensshallbeconditionedatthetemperatureoftestforatleast16hbeforetesting.Forelastomerswhosehardnessisaffectedbytherelativehumidity,thespecimensshallbeconditionedatthetemperatureofthetestat50±5percentrelativehumidityforatleast16hbeforetesting,unlessotherwisespecifiedinthereferringStandard.NOTES:1.Whentransferringthedurometerfromachamberbelowroomtemperaturetoanenvironmentatahighertemperature,itisadvisablethatthedurometerbeimmediatelyplacedinasuitabledesiccatororairtightcontaineruntilitstemperaturestabilizes,topreventanycondensationonorinthedurometer.2.Iftestsareusedforproductioncontrolpurposes,shorterconditioningtimesmaybeacceptableprovidedthatallowanceismadeforenvironmentaleffects.8PROCEDURETheprocedureshallbeasfollows:(a)Placethespecimenonahorizontalhardsurface.Holdthedurometerinaverticalpositionwiththepointoftheindentoratleast12mmfromanyedgeofthespecimen,unlessitisknownthatidenticalresultsareobtainablewhenmeasurementsaremadewiththeindentoratalessdistance.Applythepressorfoottothespecimenasrapidlyaspossiblewithoutshock,keepingthefootparalleltothesurfaceofthespecimen.Applyjustenoughpressuretoobtainfirmcontactbetweenpressorfootandspecimen.NOTE:Betterreproducibilitymaybeobtainedbyusingeitheradurometerstandoraweightcentredontheaxisoftheindentor,orboth,toapplythepressorfoottothespecimen.Recommendedmassesfortheweightare1kgforaTypeAdurometerand5kgforaTypeDdurometer.(b)UnlessotherwisespecifiedinthereferringStandard,readthescalewithin1sofplacingthepressorfootinfirmcontactwiththespecimen,unlessthedurometerhasamaximumindicator,inwhichcasetakethemaximumreading.WhereareadingafteranintervalisspecifiedinthereferringStandard,holdthepressorfootincontactwiththespecimenwithoutchangeinpositionorpressureandreadthescaleafterthespecifiedperiod.(c)Makeandrecordmeasurementsofhardnessatfivedifferentpositionsonthespecimen,spacedabout6mmapart.NOTE:ItisrecommendedthatmeasurementsbemadewiththeTypeDdurometerwhenvaluesabove90areobtainedwiththeTypeAdurometer,andthatmeasurementsbemadewiththeTypeAdurometerwhenvalueslessthan30areobtainedwiththeTypeDdurometer.9VERIFICATIONOFTYPEADUROMETERSTypeAdurometersmaybeverifiedbyusingasetofstandardreferencerubberscoveringtherangeapproximately30IRHDto90IRHDdeterminedasspecifiedinAS1683.15.1.Atleast6,andpreferablyupto12rubbertestpieceskeptlightlydustedwithtalcinasuitablecoveredwoodencontainerawayfromlight,heat,oilandgreaseshallbeused.Therubbertestpiecesshallbeflatdiscsorsquaresofatleast50mminlateraldimensionsandofuniformthickness8mmto10mm.Ifinacontainerconsistingofaflatcaseprovidedwithapieceofplateglassonwhichtherubbertestpiecesrest,thetestpiecesneednotbetakenoutandhandledexceptduringchecksusingthedead-loadmethoddescribedinAS1683.15.1.Thisshouldbedoneatintervalsofnotmorethansixmonths.NOTES:1Asetofstandardrubbers,ifstoredasabove,shouldremainserviceableforseveralyears.2Itisrecommendedthatwellvulcanizednaturalrubbercompoundsbeusedforobtainingthesetofstandardreferencerubbers,forwhichthedurometerAscaleisacloseapproximationinthe30-90IRHDrange.3Itisadvisablethatstandardreferencerubbersbereplacedwheneithertheyexhibitasignificantchangeinhardnessortheyshowexcessivesurfacedeterioration.4Itisrecommendedthatstandardreferencerubbersbecalibratedagainstacertifieddead-loadIRHDhardnesstesteratintervalsnotexceeding2years.5Itisadvisablethatdurometersinregularusebeverifiedatleastmonthly.5AS1683.15.2—199010REPORT.Thereportshallincludethefollowing:(a)Sampleidentification.(b)Descriptionoftestspecimen,includingthicknessandnumberofpliesandshape.(c)Typeofhardnesstester.(d)Temperatureoftest,andhumidityifrelevant.(e)Intervalafterwhichreadingwastaken(ifappropriate).(SeeClause8(b).)(f)Dateoftest.(g)Themedianhardness,expressedinTypeAorTypeDdegrees.(h)ThenumberofthisAustralianStandard,i.e.AS1683.15.2.(PAGES6AND7INTHEHARDCOPYAREBLANK)AS1683.15.2—19908ThisAustralianStandardwaspreparedbyCommitteeRU/3,AnalysisandTestingofElastomers.ItwasapprovedonbehalfoftheCouncilofStandardsAustraliaon21May1990andpublishedon12November1990.ReviewofAustralianStandards.Tokeepabreastofprogressinindustry,AustralianStandardsaresubjecttoperiodicreviewandarekeptuptodatebytheissueofamendmentsorneweditionsasnecessary.ItisimportantthereforethatStandardsusersensurethattheyareinpossessionofthelatestedition,andanyamendmentsthereto.FulldetailsofallAustralianStandardsandrelatedpublicationswillbefoundintheStandardsAustraliaCatalogueofPublications;thisinformationissupplementedeachmonthbythemagazine‘TheAustralianStandard’,whichsubscribingmembersreceive,andwhichgivesdetailsofnewpublications,neweditionsandamendments,andofwithdrawnStandards.SuggestionsforimprovementstoAustralianStandards,addressedtotheheadofficeofStandardsAustralia,arewelcomed.NotificationofanyinaccuracyorambiguityfoundinanAustralianStandardshouldbemadewithoutdelayinorderthatthemattermaybeinvestigatedandappropriateactiontaken.FirstpublishedaspartofAS1683.15—1976.AS1683.15—1976revisedandredesignatedinpartasAS1683.15.2—1990.ThisStandardwasissuedindraftformforcommentasDR87105.©CopyrightSTANDARDSAUSTRALIAUsersofStandardsareremindedthatcopyrightsubsistsinallStandardsAustraliapublicationsandsoftware.ExceptwheretheCopyrightActallowsandexceptwhereprovidedforbelownopublicationsorsoftwareproducedbyStandardsAustraliamaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsysteminanyformortransmittedbyanymeanswithoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromStandardsAustralia.Permissionmaybeconditionalonanappropriateroyaltypayment.RequestsforpermissionandinformationoncommercialsoftwareroyaltiesshouldbedirectedtotheheadofficeofStandardsAustralia.StandardsAustraliawillpermitupto10percentofthetechnicalcontentpagesofaStandardtobecopiedforuseexclusivelyin-housebypurchasersoftheStandardwithoutpaymentofaroyaltyoradvicetoStandardsAustralia.StandardsAustraliawillalsopermittheinclusionofitscopyrightmaterialincomputersoftwareprogramsfornoroyaltypaymentprovidedsuchprogramsareusedexclusivelyin-housebythecreatorsoftheprograms.CareshouldbetakentoensurethatmaterialusedisfromthecurrenteditionoftheStandardandthatitisupdatedwhenevertheStandardisamendedorrevised.ThenumberanddateoftheStandardshouldthereforebeclearlyidentified.Theuseofmaterialinprintformorincomputersoftwareprogramstobeusedcommercially,withorwithoutpayment,orincommercialcontractsissubjecttothepaymentofaroyalty.ThispolicymaybevariedbyStandardsAustraliaatanytime.ISBN0726263486UDC678.074:620.1