2021年版机械加工零件的基本工艺及夹具设计中英文对照

机械加工零件工艺及夹具设计摘要：本文对机械加工零件结构和工艺进行了分析，确定了机械加工工艺路线，夹具在机械加工中所占地位和关键性，和夹具设计。伴随科学日益发展进步和国家产业政策调整,工程机械行业已成为没有政策壁垒完全竞争行业关键词：技术背景/发展趋势/工序/定位 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 1机械加工历史背景及其意义机械制造业是一个古老而永远充满生命力行业。伴随现代工业发展，对机械产品要求越来越高，机械制造工艺也在日新月异地发展。自新中国成立以来，中国制造技术和制造业得到了长足发展，一个含有相当规模和一定技术基础机械工业体系基础形成。改革开放二十多年来，中国制造业充足利用中国国外两方面技术资源，有 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 地推进企业技术改造，引导企业走依靠科技进步道路，使制造技术、产品质量和水平及经济效益发生了显著改变，为推进国民经济发展做出了很大贡献。尽管中国制造业综合技术水平有了大幅度提升，但和工业发达国家相比，仍存在阶段性差距。进入二十一世纪，中国发展经济主导产业仍然是制造业，尤其是在中国加入世贸组织后，世界制造中心就从发达国家迁移到了亚洲，中国有廉价劳动力和广大消费市场，所以，中国工业要想发展，就需要有对应技术和设备来支持。机械工业是国民经济装备工业；是科学技术物化基础；是高新技术产业化载体；是国防建设基础；是实现经济快速增加关键支柱；也是为提升人民生活质量、提供消费类机电产品供给工业。它对国民经济运行质量和效益、产业结构调整和优化含有极其关键作用。2机械行业现实状况及发展趋势伴随社会发展，多种机械逐步利用到各个行业中，不管是在农用、军用、工用等方面，离开了机械操作就谈不上效率，所以，从某中角度上来说，一个国家经济实力、社会地位，和机械行业发展是密不可分。各工业化国家经济发展历程表明，没有强大装备制造业，就不可能实现国民经济工业化、现代化和信息化[3]。现在装备制造业发展滞后是制约中国经济发展和产业升级关键原因，加大结构调整力度，推进机械工业连续、健康、稳定发展，对于转变经济增加方法，提升国民经济整体素质，增强中国经济国际竞争力，保障国防安全等全部含相关键而深远意义。3机械加工工艺规程制订3.1机械加工工艺过程定义机械加工工艺过程是指用机械加工方法改变毛坯形状，尺寸，相对位置和性质等，使其成为成品或半成品全过程。机械加工工艺过程直接决定零件及产品质量和性能，对产品成本、生产周期全部有较大影响，是整个工艺过程关键组成部分。3.2机械加工工艺过程组成组成机械加工工艺过程基础单元是工序。工序又是由安装、工位、工步及走刀组成。⑴工序是指一个或一组工人，在一个工作地对同一个或同时对多个工件所连续完成那一部分工艺过程。工序是制订劳动定额、配置工人及机床设备、安排作业计划和进行质量检验基础单元。⑵安装是工件经一次装夹后所完成那一部分工序。⑶当应用转位（或移位）加工机床（或夹具）进行加工时，在一次装夹中，工件（或刀具）相对于机床要经过多个位置依次进行加工，在每一个工作位置上所完成那一部分工序，称为工位。采取多工位加工能够降低装夹次数，降低装夹误差，提升生产率。⑷工步是加工表面在切削刀具和切削用量（仅指主轴转速和进给量）全部不变情况下所完成那一部分工艺过程。⑸在一个工步中，假如要切掉金属层很厚，可分几次切削，每切削一次就称为一次走刀。3.3机械加工工艺规程定义要求产品或零部件制造过程和操作方法等工艺文件，称为工艺规程，它是企业生产中指导性技术文件。3.4机械加工工艺规程作用及内容机械加工工艺规程是生产准备工作关键依据。依据它来组织原材料和毛坯供给，进行机床调整，专用工艺装备设计和制造，编制生产作业计划，调配劳动力，和进行生产成本核实等。机械加工工艺规程也是组织生产、进行计划调度依据。有了它就能够制订生产产品进度计划和对应调度计划，并能做到各工序科学地衔接，使生产均衡、顺利，实现优质、高产和低消耗。机械加工工艺过程卡片和机械加工工序卡片，是两个关键工艺文件。机械加工工艺过程卡片，是说明零件加工工艺过程工艺文件。在单件、小批量生产中，以机械加工工艺过程卡片指导生产，过程卡各个项目编制较为具体。机械加工工序卡片是为每个工序具体制订，用于直接指导工人进行生产，多用于大批量生产零件和成批生产中关键零件。3.5制订机械加工工艺规程 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 及步骤在一定生产条件下，以最少劳动消耗和最低费用，按计划加工出符合图纸要求零件，是制订机械加工工艺规程基础标准。制订机械加工工艺规程步骤以下：①依据零件生产纲领决定生产类型；②分析零件加工工艺性；③选择毛坯种类和制造方法；④拟订工艺过程；⑤工序设计；⑥编制工艺文件。4夹具设计4.1夹具设计意义在机械行业中，怎样去确保工件高精度、加工成本等实质性问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，一直是从事于机械行业人员研究问题，其中在设计夹具时候就要考虑以上问题，高效夹具是工件高精度确保，怎样让夹具更高效、更经济，这是行业人急需要处理。伴随社会发展，科技不停提升，多种高科技技术逐步渗透到各个行业，怎样利用这些高科技为人类服务，怎样充足利用这些高科技在机械行业中，这还需要机械行业人员不停努力，开拓创新。伴随科学技术发展，和社会市场需要，夹具设计在逐步超向柔性制造系统方向发展。迄今为止,夹具仍是机电产品制造中必不可缺四大工具之一,刀具本身已高度标准化,用户只需要按品种、规格选择采购。而模具和夹具则和产品息息相关,产品一有改变就需重新制作,通常是属于专用性质工具,模具已发展成为独立行业;夹具在中国外也正在逐步形成一个依附于机床业或独立小行业。组合夹具不仅含有标准化、模块化、组合化等现代优异设计思想,又符合节省资源标准,更适合绿色制造环境保护原理。所以是以后夹具技术一个关键发展方向单位。机床夹具通常是指装夹工件用装置:至于装夹多种刀具用装置,则通常称为“辅助工具”。辅助工含有时也广义地包含在机床夹具范围内。根据机床夹具应用范围,通常可分为通用夹具,专用夹具和可调整式夹具等。通用夹具是在一般机床上通常全部附有通用夹具,如车床上卡盘,铣床上回转工作台,分度头,顶尖座等。它们全部一标准化了,含有一定通用性,能够用来安装一定形状尺寸范围内多种工件而不需要进行特殊调整。不过,在实际生产中,通用夹具常常不能够满足多种零件加工需要;或因为生产率低而必需把通用夹具进行合适改善;或因为工件形状,加工要求等不一样须专门设计制造一个专用夹具,以处理生产实际需要。用夹具是为了适应某一工件某一工序加工要求而专门设计制造,其功用关键有下列多个方面:1.确保工件被加工表面关键包含加工工件所需要机动时间和装卸工件等所需要辅助时间两部分。2.采取专用夹具后,安装工件和转换工位工作全部能够大为简化,不再需要画线和找正,缩短了工序辅助时间而且节省了画线这个工序,从而提升了劳动生产率.在生产中因为采取了多工件平行加工夹具,使同时加工多个工件机动时间将和加工一个工件机动时间相同。采取回转式多工位连续加工夹具,能够在进行切削加工某个工件同时,进行其它工件装卸工作,从而使辅助时间和机动时间相重合。总而言之,伴随专用夹具采取和深入改善,能够有效地缩短工序时间,满足生产不停发展需要。3.采取专用夹具还能扩大机床工艺范围。比如在一般车床上附加镗模夹具后,便能够替换镗床工作;装上专用夹具后能够车削成型表面等,以充足发挥通用机床作用。4.减轻劳动强度,保障安全生产。依据生产需要,采取部分气动,液压或其它机械化,自动化程度较高专用夹具,对于减轻工人劳动强度,保障生产安全和产品稳质高产全部有很大作用。加工大型工件时,比如加工车床床身上,下两面上螺孔,需要把床身工件翻转几次进行加工,劳动强度大而且不安全。采取电动回转式钻床家俱后,就能够达成提升生产效率,减轻劳动强度,保障生产安全目标。4.2夹具发展趋势工业设计是人类社会发展和科学技术进步产物，从英国莫里斯“工艺美术运动”，到德国包豪斯设计革命和美国广泛传输和推广，工业设计经过了酝酿，探索，形成，发展百余年历史沧桑。时至今日，工业设计已成为一门独立专业学科，而且有一套完整研究体系。1980年国际工业设计协会理事会（ICSID）给工业作了明确定义：“就批量生产工业产品而言，凭借训练，技术知识，经验及视觉感受，而预示材料、结构、结构、形态、色彩、表面加工，装饰以新品质和规格，叫做工业设计。依据当初具体情况，工业设计师应在上述工业产品全部侧面或其中多个方面进行工作，而且需要工业设计师对包装、宣传、展示，市场开发等问题处理付出自己技术知识和经验和视觉 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能力时，这也属于工业设计范围”。材料、结构、工艺是产品设计物质技术基础，首先，技术制约着设计；其次，技术也推进着设计。从设计美学见解看，技术不仅仅是物质基础还含有其本身“功效”作用，只要善于应用材料特征，给予对应结构形式和合适加工工艺，就能够发明出实用，美观，经济产品，即在产品中发挥技术潜在“功效”。任何设计全部是时代产物，它不一样面貌，不一样特征反应着不一样历史时期科学技术水平。技术是产品形态发展先导，新材料，新工艺出现，肯定给产品带来新结构，新形态和新造型风格。材料，加工工艺，结构，产品形象有机地联络在一起，某个步骤变革，便会引发整个机体改变。现在，机械加工工艺及夹具伴随制造技术发展也突飞猛进。机械加工工艺以各个工厂具体情况不一样，其加工规程也有很大不一样。突破已往死模式。使其伴随情况不一样含有愈加合理工艺过程。也使产品质量大大提升。制订加工工艺虽可按情况合理制订，但也要满足其基础要求：在确保产品质量前提下，尽可能提升劳动生产率和降低加工成本。并在充足利用本工厂现有生产条件基础上，尽可能采取中国、外优异工艺技术和经验。还应确保操作者良好劳动条件。但中国现阶段还是关键依靠工艺人员经验来编制工艺，多半不要求工步和切削用量，工时定额也凭经验来确定，十分粗略，缺乏科学依据，难以进行合理经济核实国际生产研究协会统计表明，现在中、小批多品种生产工件品种已占工件种类总数85％左右。现代生产要求企业所制造产品品种常常更新换代，以适应市场需求和竞争。然而，通常企业全部仍习惯于大量采取传统专用夹具，通常在含有中等生产能力工厂里，约拥有数千甚至近万套专用夹具；其次，在多品种生产企业中，每隔3～4年就要更新50～80％左右专用夹具，而夹具实际磨损量仅为10～20％左右。尤其是多年来，数控机床、加工中心、成组技术、柔性制造系统（FMS）等新加工技术应用，对机床夹具提出了以下新要求：1）能快速而方便地装备新产品投产，以缩短生产准备周期，降低生产成本；2）能装夹一组含有相同性特征工件；3）能适适用于精密加工高精度机床夹具；4）能适适用于多种现代化制造技术新型机床夹具；5）采取以液压站等为动力源高效夹紧装置，以深入减轻劳动强度和提升劳动生产率；6）提升机床夹具标准化程度。现代机床夹具发展趋势关键表现为标准化、高效化、精密化和柔性化等四个方面。利用愈加好夹具，能够提升劳动生产率，提升加工精度，降低废品，能够扩大机床工艺范围，改善操作劳动条件。所以，夹具是机械制造中一项关键工艺装备。一个好夹具是加工出合格产品首要条件，为了让夹含有愈加好发展，夹具行业应加强产、学、研协作力度，加紧用高新技术改造和提升夹具技术水平步伐，创建夹具专业技术网站，充足利用现代信息和网络技术，和时俱进地创新和发展夹具技术。主动和国外夹具厂商联络，争取合资和合作，引进技术，这是改造和发展中国夹具行业较为行之有效路径。参考文件1：裘愉，组合机床，北京：机械工业出版社，1995.2：金振华.组合机床及其调整和使用.北京：机械工业出版社，1990.3：沈延山.生产实习和组合机床设计.大连：大连理工大学出版社，1989.4：上海市大专院校机械制造工艺学协作组编著.机械制造工艺学.福建科学技术出版社，1996.5：王华坤，范元勋.机械设计基础.北京：兵器工业出版社，.6：冯辛安.机械制造装备设计.北京：机械工业出版社，1998.7：陈日曜.机械原理.北京：机械工业出版社，1992.8：方子良.机械制造技术基础.上海：上海交通大学出版社，.9：刘秋生，李忠文.液压传动和控制.北京：宇航出版社，1994.10：陈于萍，周兆元.交换性和测量技术基础.北京：机械工业出版社，.11：东北重型机械学院等.机床夹具设计手册.上海：上海科技技术出版社，1979.12：《机械设计手册》联合编写组.机械设计手册.北京：机械工业出版社，1987.13：王先逵.机械制造工艺学（上下册）.北京：清华大学出版社，1989.14：崇凯.机械制造技术基础课程设计指南.15：黄如林，汪群.金属加工工艺及工装设计.16：鲁屏宇.工程图学.17：冯辛安.机械制造装备设计.18：GellMauriceMaterialsScienceandEngineering，1995，A204：246—25119：X.Chen,J.W.Hutchinson,M.Y.He,A.G.Evans,ActaMater.51().MechanicalPartsProcessingTechnologyandFixtureDesignPickto:themachiningpartsofthestructureandprocessanalysis,identifiedthemachine-finishingcraftroute,fixtureinthemechanicalprocessingofthestatusandimportance,aswellasthefixturedesign.Withtheincreasinglydevelopmentofscientificprogressandtheadjustmentofnationalindustrypolicy,projectmachineryindustryalreadybecamenopolicybarriersofperfectlycompetitiveindustryKeywords:technicalbackground/development/process/positioningscheme1MechanicalProcessingHistoricalBackgroundandItsSignificanceMachinerymanufacturingindustryisanoldandeternalindustryfullofvitality.Withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,themechanicalproductoftheincreasinglyhighdemand,machinerymanufacturingtechnologyaredevelopingrapidly.SincethefoundingofnewChina,ourcountry'smanufacturingtechnologyandmanufacturingindustrytoobtaintheconsiderabledevelopment,aconsiderablesizeandtechnicalbasisofmechanicalindustrysystemisformedbasically.Yearsofreformandopeningup,China'smanufacturingindustrytomakefulluseofdomesticandforeigntwoaspectsoftechnologicalresources,thereareplanstopromotethetechnicaltransformationofenterprises,guideenterprisestotaketheroadtorelyonprogressofscienceandtechnology,manufacturingtechnology,productqualityandlevelandtheeconomicbenefitproducedmarkedchange,inordertopromotethedevelopmentofthenationaleconomyhasmadegreatcontribution.Althoughourcountrymanufacturingindustrycomprehensivetechnicallevelhasbeengreatlyimproved,butcomparedwithdevelopedcountry,stillhavelevelsexdifference.Enterthetwenty-firstCentury,theeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry'sleadingindustrystillisthemanufacturingindustry,especiallyafterourcountryjoinsWTO,theworld'smanufacturingcenterisdevelopedfrommigrationtoAsia,Chinahascheaplaborandthegeneralconsumermarket,accordingly,industryofourcountrywantstodevelop,needtohaveappropriatetechnologyandequipmentsupport.Machineryindustryistheequipmentindustryofnationaleconomy;itiscontentofscienceandtechnologyoffoundation;isnewandhightechnologyindustrialization;isthebasisofnationaldefensebuilding;istoachieverapideconomicgrowthoftheimportantpillar;istoimprovepeople'slivingquality,provideconsumerelectricalproductssupplyindustry.Itrunstonationaleconomy,thequalityandefficiencyofindustrialstructureadjustmentandoptimizationisaveryimportantrole.2TheStatusofMachineryIndustryandDevelopmentTrendWiththedevelopmentofsociety,allkindsofmachineryandgraduallyappliedtothevariousindustry,whetherintheagricultural,military,industrial,mechanicaloperation,leavingnoefficiency,therefore,insomesense,thestrengthofacountry'seconomy,socialstatus,andthedevelopmentofmachineryindustryiscloseseparable.Theindustrializedcountrieseconomicdevelopmentcourseindicatedthat,withoutastrongequipmentmanufacturingindustry,isimpossibletoachievenationaleconomyindustrialization,modernizationandinformation[3].Atpresent,theequipmentmanufacturingindustrydevelopmentlagisrestrictingChina'seconomicdevelopmentandindustrialupgradingoftheimportantfactors,increasestructuraladjustmentstrength,promotemechanicalindustrylasts,healthy,steadydevelopment,tochangethemodeofeconomicgrowth,improvequalityofnationaleconomywhole,enhancetheinternationalcompetitivenessoftheeconomy,securityandnationaldefensesecurityhasimportantandfar-reachingmeaningof.3OfMachiningProcessPlanning3.1MachiningProcessDefinitionThemachiningprocessistheuseofmechanicalprocessingmethodofchangeinroughshape,size,therelativepositionandthenature,makeitsbecomefinishedorsemi-finishedproductsofthewholeprocess.Machiningprocessdirectlydeterminesthepartsandthequalityandperformanceofproducts,productcost,productionperiodhasgreatinfluence,isanimportantpartofthewholeprocess.3.2MechanicalProcessesThecompositionofmechanicalmachiningprocessofthebasicunitisaprocess.Processandisformedbymounting,station,workingstepsandtaketheknife.Theprocessisagroupofworkers,inaworkofthesameorsimultaneouslyonseveralworkpiecesarecompletedforthatpartoftheprocess.Processistheformulationoflaborquota,withworkersandmachinetoolequipment,arrangingoperationplanandqualitytestingofthebasicunit.Theinstallationisaworkpiecebyafixtureafterthecompletionoftheprocedures.Theapplicationofswitch(ordisplacement)whenprocessingmachinetool(orfixture)processing,inafixture,theworkpiece(orcutter)relativetothemachinetoolpassesthroughseverallocationsinorderprocessing,ineachpositionisdoneonthatpartoftheprocess,calledstation.Themulti-stationprocessingcanreducethetimesofclamping,reducethemountingerror,improveproductivity.Thestepisprocessingthesurfaceinthecuttingtoolandthecuttingparameters(onlyreferstothespindlespeedandfeedrate)arethesamecircumstancescompletedpartoftheprocess.3.3MachiningProcessDefinitionProductsorcomponentsmanufacturingprocessandoperationmethodsoftheprocess,calledprocess,itistheenterpriseintheproductionoftechnicalguidancedocument.3.4MachiningProcessPlanningFunctionandContentMachiningprocessisreadyforproductionworkmainlyonthebasisof.Accordingtoitsrawmaterialandsemifinishedproductsupply,machinetooladjustment,specialprocessequipmentdesignandmanufacturing,productionscheduling,allocationoflaborforce,andtheproductioncostaccounting.Themachiningprocessplanningandorganizationofproduction,planningandschedulingbasedon.Itcanmakeproductionscheduleandthecorrespondingscheduling,andcanbeconnectedtothescientificprocess,productionisbalanced,smooth,torealizehighquality,highyieldandlowconsumption.Machiningprocesscardandmachiningprocesscard,arethetwomainprocessdocuments.Machiningprocesscard,isillustratedpartsmachiningprocesstechnologyfiles.Inasingle,smallbatchproduction,tomachiningprocesscardguidingproduction,processcardvariousprojectsinthepreparationofmoredetailed.Machiningprocesscardforeachprocessdetailedformulation,usedtodirectworkers,usedformassproductionpartsandmassproductionoftheimportantpartsinthe.3.5MakingTheMachiningProcessPlanningPrinciplesandStepsUndercertainproductionconditions,withminimalconsumptionoflaborandthelowestcost,accordingtoplansprocessingpartsthatmeetrequirementsofthedrawings,istodevelopthebasicprincipleofmachiningprocess.Formulationofmachiningprocessstepsareasfollows:Theunderpartsoftheproductionprogramdecisionproductiontype;Theanalysisofpartsprocessingtechnology;Thechoiceofblanktypeandmanufacturingmethod;Thetechnologicalprocess;Theprocessdesign;Theprocessdocumentation.4FixtureDesign4.1FixtureDesignSenseInthemachineryindustry,howtoguaranteethehighprecisionofworkpiece,thecostsofprocessingandothersubstantiveissues,hasbeenengagedinthemechanicalindustryresearchquestions,whichinthedesignoffixturewhenweshouldconsidertheproblemsabove,efficientfixtureistheworkpieceprecisionguarantee,howtomakethefixturemoreefficient,moreeconomical,theindustryistheurgentneedtoresolve.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,thecontinuousimprovementoftechnology,varioushigh-techtechnologygraduallyinfiltratedintoallsectors,howtousethesehigh-techtoservemankind,howtomakefulluseofthetechnologyinmechanicalindustry,italsorequiresmachineryindustrystaffcontinuedefforts,innovation.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andsocialneedsofthemarket,thefixturedesigninprogressivesupertotheflexiblemanufacturingsystemdevelopment.Todate,thefixtureismechanicalandelectricalproductsmanufacturinginthefourindispensabletools,toolitselfisalreadyhighlystandardized,theuseronlyneedstopressvarieties,specificationsselectionandprocurement.Whilethemoldandfixtureandrelatedproductsproducts,thereisaneedtomakechanges,usuallybelongtothespecialpropertiesofthetool,mouldhasbecomeanindependentindustry;fixtureathomeandabroadisalsograduallyformadependentorindependentsmallindustryofmachinetoolindustry.Combinedclampnotonlyhasthestandardization,modularization,modularandothercontemporaryadvanceddesignideas,andinlinewithresourceconservationprinciple,moresuitableforgreenmanufacturingenvironmentprotectionprinciple.Sothenextfixturetechnologyisanimportantdirectionofdevelopmentunit.Machinetoolfixtureisusuallyreferstotheuseofclampingworkpiececlampingdevice:forthedevicewithvarioustools,alsoknownas"tool".Theauxiliarytoolissometimesgeneralizedtoincludeintherangeofmachinetoolfixture.Accordingtotheapplicationrangeofmachinetoolfixture,generallycanbedividedintogeneraljig,fixtureandadjustablefixture.Universaljigisongeneralmachinetoolsaregenerallyaccompaniedbyacommonfixture,suchasalathechuck,millingmachinerotarytable,dividinghead,topseat.Theyhaveastandardized,withcertainuniversality,canbeusedtoinstallcertainshapeandsizewithintherangeoftheworkpiecewithouttheneedforspecialadjustment.However,inactualproduction,auniversalfixtureoftencannotmeettheneedsofvariouspartsprocessing;orbecauseoflowproductivityandmusthavetheuniversalfixtureforproperimprovement;orbecausetheshapeoftheworkpiece,theprocessingrequirementstobedifferentspecializeddesignandmanufactureofaspecialjig,inordertosolvetheactualproductionneeds.Jigisadaptedtoaworkpieceinaprocessingrequirementsandthedesignandmanufacturingexpertise,itsfunctionmainlyhasthefollowingseveralaspects:1ensurethatthesurfaceoftheworkpiecebeingprocessedmainlyincludesprocessingworkpiecesneedmaneuveringtimeofloadingandunloadingworkpiecesneedtheauxiliarytimeoftwopart.2usingadedicatedfixture,workpieceinstallationandconversionworkworkcanbegreatlysimplified,nolongerneedtodrawthelineandtofindit,toshortentheworkingprocedurenon-cuttingtimeandsavelinedrawingthisprocess,therebyimprovingthelaborproductivity.Inproductionduetotheadoptionofmultipleparallelprocessingworkpiecefixture,enablingthesimultaneousprocessingseveralpartsofthemotorwilltimeandprocessingtimeofthesamemotor.Therotarymulti-stationcontinuousprocessingfixture,canbeusedformachiningaworkpieceatthesametime,otherworkpieceloadingandunloading,therebyenablingtheauxiliarytimeandmotortimecoincides.Inshort,withthespecialfixtureusingandfurtherimprovement,caneffectivelyshortentheprocesstime,productiontomeettheevolvingneedsof.3usingadedicatedfixturecanexpandthescopeofmachinetooltechnology.Forexampleinlatheboringjigattached,canreplaceboringwork;specialfixturecanbeinstalledafterturningthemoldingsurface,soastogivefullplaytotheroleofgeneralmachinetools.4,reducethelaborintensity,andensuringsafetyproduction.Accordingtothedemandofproduction,usingpneumatic,hydraulicorothermechanicalchanges,ahigherdegreeofautomationofthespecialfixture,toreducethelaborintensityofworkers,protectionofproductionsafetyandthestabilityofproductqualityandhighyieldofagreatrole.Processinglargeworkpieces,suchasthelathebed,thelowersurfacesofthescrewholesonthebed,needtoflipseveraltimesforprocessingworkpieces,highlaborintensityandsafety.Theuseofelectricrotarydrillfurniture,canimproveproductionefficiency,reducelaborintensity,ensuresafetyinproduction.4.2FixtureofTheDevelopmentTrendIndustrialdesignisthedevelopmentofhumansocietyandtheprogressofscienceandtechnologyoftheproduct,fromMaurice's"theartsandCraftsMovement",totheGermanBauhausdesignrevolutionandtheUnitedStatesofAmericawidedisseminationandpromotion,industrialdesignafterbrewing,exploration,formation,developmenthistoryofmorethan100yearsofvicissitudes.Today,industrialdesignhasbecomeanindependentsubject,andacompletesetofresearchsystem.In1980theInternationalCouncilofsocietiesofindustrialdesign(ICSID)totheindustryasaclearlydefined:"productionofindustrialproducts,bytraining,technicalknowledge,experienceandvisualexperience,andindicatesthematerial,structure,morphology,structure,color,surfaceprocessing,decorationtothenewqualityandspecification,calledindustrialdesign.Accordingtothespecificcircumstancesofthetime,industrialdesignerintheindustryproductsareallsideorafewaspectsofthework,butalsotheneedforindustrialdesignersofpackaging,publicity,display,marketdevelopmentandotherissuestoresolvepaytheirowntechnicalknowledgeandexperienceandabilityofthevisualevaluation,whichalsobelongstothescopeofindustrialdesign".Material,structure,technologyistheproductdesignmaterialandtechnicalbasis,ononehand,technologyrestrictthedesign;ontheotherhand,technologyisalsopromotingdesign.Fromthepointofviewofdesignaesthetics,technologyisnotonlythematerialbasisbutalsohasitsown"function"action,aslongasgoodapplicationpropertiesofthematerials,tothecorrespondingstructureandsuitableprocessingtechnology,cancreateapractical,aesthetic,economicproducts,namelyintheproducttechnologypotential"function".Anydesignaretheproductofthetimes,itsdifferentfeatures,differentfeaturesreflectthedifferenthistoricalperiodsoflevelofscienceandtechnology.Technologyistheproductofthemorphologicaldevelopmentofthepilot,newmaterial,newtechnologyproducts,isboundtobringnewstructure,newformsandnewstyle.Materials,processingtechnology,structure,productimageorganicgroundiscontactedtogether,apartofthechange,itwillcausethewholebodychanges.Now,themachiningprocessandfixturewiththedevelopmentofmanufacturingtechnologyalsomakeaspurtofprogress.Machiningprocesstothevariousfactoriesindifferentcircumstances,itsprocessingproceduresareverydifferent.Breakthroughthepastdeathmode.Makeitwithdifferentcaseshasmorereasonabletechnologicalprocess.Sothatproductqualitygreatlyimproved.Developprocessingtechnologycanberational,butalsotomeetthebasicrequirements:guaranteeproductqualityunderthepremise,asfaraspossibletoimprovelaborproductivityandreducetheprocessingcost.Andtomakefulluseoftheexistingfactoryproductionconditions,asfaraspossible,usingdomesticandforeignadvancedtechnologyandexperience.Shouldalsoensurethatthegoodworkingconditions.Butourcountrypresentstagestillrelymainlyontechnologypersonnelexperiencetoprepareprocess,oftendoesnotrequirestepandcuttingamount,man-hourquotaistobedeterminedbyexperience,veryrough,thelackofscientificbasis,difficulttocarryoutreasonableeconomicaccountingInternationalJournalofproductionResearchAssociationstatisticsshowthat,atpresent,smallbatchproductionofmanyvarietiesofworkpiecevarietiesaccountedforabout85%ofthetotalnumberofthekindofworkpiece.Modernmanufacturingrequirementsofenterprisesmanufacturingproductsconstantlyupgrading,tomeettheneedsofthemarketandcompetition.However,thegeneralenterprisesarestillaccustomedtothetraditionalspecialfixture,generallyinthemediumhavingaproductioncapacityoftheplant,somehavethousandsorevennearly10000setsofspecialfixture;ontheotherhand,intheproductionofmanyvarietiesofthecompany,every3to4yearstoupdate50~80%specialjig,fixtureactualwearonly10~20%orso.Especiallyinrecentyears,CNCmachinetools,machiningcenter,grouptechnology,flexiblemanufacturingsystem(FMS),anewprocessingtechnologyofmachinetoolfixture,proposedthefollowingnewrequirements:1)canrapidlyandconvenientlyandequipmentofnewproductsputintoproduction,soastoshortentheproductioncycle,reducetheproductioncost;2)capableofclampingagroupwithsimilarcharacteristicsoftheworkpiece;3)canbeappliedtoprecisionmachiningofhighprecisionmachinetoolfixture;4)canbeappliedtoallthemodernmanufacturingtechnologyofnewmachinetoolfixture;5)adoptsthehydraulicstationforpowerefficientclampingdevice,inordertofurt