美国汽车修理厂和汽配超市（American auto repair shop and auto parts supermarket）

美国汽车修理厂和汽配超市（American auto repair shop and auto parts supermarket） 美国汽车修理厂和汽配超市(American auto repair shop and auto parts supermarket) Know about American garage and auto parts supermarket 2009-01-10 08:54 Brief introduction of American automobile repair shop and auto parts supermarket In October 2005 the author with the Jiangxi traffic investigation group to the United States, the delegation went to the United States not to examine the automobile maintenance industry, but because the author is a vehicle maintenance industry, is still active to examine the U.S. auto repair shop and auto parts supermarket (hereinafter referred to as the "auto parts supermarket), see and hear about many domestic counterparts to make a brief report of the situation and choose the impressive features. 1. Car owners in the United States To understand the characteristics of the American car repair and auto parts supermarkets, we should first look at the situation of the owners of the United states. 1.1 car ownership There are 170 million vehicles nationwide, with an average of three people, two vehicles. In fact, 95% of households have cars, and 60% of households have two or more cars. 1.2 vehicle ownership 80% for private cars, car owners and drivers. 1.3 vehicle type According to our country standard, the following 9 passenger cars are called as passenger cars (commonly known as: cars or buses). Well, 80% of America's vehicles are passenger cars. 1.4, living scattered In our country, a large city of 1 million 500 thousand inhabitants is about 40 kilometers in diameter, while a city of 700 thousand inhabitants in the United States has a diameter of 50 kilometers. This is because Americans have private cars, and thus have the ability to expand the scope of their lives, work and life. It is very common to drive 30-60 kilometers to buy things. As a result, most of the city's ordinary businesses (markets, supermarkets, stores) are on the outskirts of the city, where cheap land is available to build markets and large parking lots. After the above basic understanding of the characteristics of American car owners, I introduced the United States repair shop when they have the ability to look at problems with American characteristics. 2, repair factories are mostly medium and small I checked the five repair shop (shop), up to 14 people, at least 2 people. It is said that the repair shop (shop) of 3-8 people in this scale is the largest in the United states. 2 、 the distribution of repair factory is even Advertising statistics and analysis of the auto repair shop in the Yellow Pages (public welfare and commercial) telephone directory in the eight states of the United States (the equivalent of our province) show that the American garage is more evenly distributed and has no pushing operation. Like some large and medium-sized cities in China, car repair streets, car repair decoration city in the United States basically No. In the United States, often in the suburbs of the general road side of the road to see the car repair shop, but the car repair factory together basically no phenomenon. Auto parts stores and car sales service stores (such as 4S shop) also do not like our country to push and operate high-density. This is due to the fact that the United States has many cars, a well-developed highway network and many residents living in the suburbs. For example, I live in most days (8 days) Minnesota Minneapolis (hereinafter referred to as the "bright city") is the capital of a state, the state's population of 4 million 500 thousand, accounting for the total population of the United States 1/60, the area more than 10 square kilometers, equivalent to Zhejiang Province Area in china. Capital city of Ming Dynasty, the population of more than 70, but the city is about 50 kilometers in diameter, urban and suburban areas have been highway network, residential areas and commercial areas into one. No agricultural land has been found in the suburbs except for afforestation. 3, a roadside repair shop profile 3.1 overview In Ming City, I checked a repair shop next to my hotel. The store is next to a crossroads about 20 kilometers from the city centre, with a floor area of 124m2. The repair shop has 2 parking spaces, 2 lifts, about 60m2, and the remaining 54m2 for customer reception areas, office areas, shelves (buy oil and storage batteries) and warehouses. The outside parking lot is large, about 500-800m2. The store has a total of 3 bosses. The business hours are from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. and are closed on Saturday and Sunday. However, Ming City is a medium-sized city in the United States, and many repair shops (shops) such as New York and Chicago are operated 6 or 7 days a week. But no one is on duty at night. The office area / customer area of the store or factory is made of glass doors, iron railings, doors or winding gates. 3.2 scope of business In the passenger car repair and maintenance, replace the oil, air conditioning and refrigerant and adjust the engine (minor and troubleshooting), and with the battery, selling oil, in addition to selling second-hand car. I was there when the door stopped with a Ford of 93, priced at $850. In 2004, the shop had 2360 cars a year. The tax rate is 6.05%. Americans have a strong sense of tax payment, and even if they count a few dollars in business, they should use tax engines. The shop is beautiful and clean in appearance and environment. But the two car repair area, tools, equipment piled up more, and some messy, dirty. 3.3 equipment and data status The store has two single column elevators, a tail gas analyzer, two hand-held failure meters, an injector cleaner, air conditioning refrigerant, filling machine and other equipment. Since the United States carries out only one emission test for passenger cars every year, the store will also have a tail gas analyzer, And the five (NOx test). The shop does not do sheet metal and paint work, so there is no paint room. The store's two hand-held fault diagnostic instruments, one of which was purchased by one of the mechanic technicians, and the other by the boss. In the American car repair industry, gadgets are often required to repair technicians. The above fault diagnostic device (equivalent to Jinde K61) price is $305, only 4 days of income. This instrument is very cheap in the United States, so the price is very low. The store is rich in books and materials, mainly to Mitchell (M), in addition to many ASE (car maintenance excellent certification organization) pro forma information. But there is no computer in the store, and there is no CD in the natural shop. 4 、 auto parts / car repair integrated interlocking shop Auto repair / auto parts supermarket interlocking shop is the emergence of the United States for more than ten years. It is usually located in a suburban business center. As mentioned above, American residents buy daily necessities for most of the business centers in the suburbs because they are cheap and have plenty of free parking spaces. One of my tests called "Pep Boys" auto repair / auto parts integrated interlocking shop. The interlocking shop is the left factory / right shop (supermarket style), in the United States, a total of more than 170, the appearance and construction area are unified about 2800M2, of which 2000m2 for auto parts stores, 800m2 for auto repair factory. 4.1 auto repair factory Pep Boys interlocking car repair factory (Branch) has 9 employees, workshop area of 800m2, with 11 parking spaces. In addition to the engine (including transmission) overhaul, and sheet metal, spray paint is not done, other repairs and maintenance operations are done. Because the sheet metal and paint (paint) business usually has specialized shop (factory) to operate. 4 of the 9 repair technicians and electrical technicians passed the ASE certification (US automotive service certification). Salary for annual salary (pre tax) ranging from $45 thousand to $1.4. The technician works steadily in the repair shop, 3 people worked for 4 years, 4 people worked for more than 5 years. The plant was established only 6 years. Each plant is connected with the head office, and the head office provides technical support or technical training from the internet. 4.2 auto parts store Auto parts stores adopt supermarket type management. Pep Boys auto parts store area 2000m2, a total of 11 employees, operates mainly in the following four categories of products: (1) horizontal universal products for automobile maintenance. Such as: tires, oil, batteries, generators, starter, ignition systems, accessories, etc.. (2) wearing parts in automobile maintenance. Such as: shock absorber, universal joint, horizontal rod ball head, clutch plate etc.. (3) hand tools and instruments. Such as: wrench, electric and pneumatic tools, electric universal meter, automobile scanner (fault diagnosis instrument), Jack and so on. (4) automotive convenience equipment. Such as: 12V electric cup, DVD Play monitor, canvas folding chair, etc.. Most of the above prices are cheaper than the general accessories shop, with more types and categories, and more customers. No goods in the interlocking shop can be sent promptly. 5, other 5.1 US automotive technician source The mechanic education mostly vocational level, there are some junior high school or college after graduation engaged in auto repair, which has inherited his father's. Some of them are not at home unable to afford to go to college, but I think it's good to be in auto repair. 5.2 special maintenance station I call the repair factory with claim right as a special repair station here. This kind of special repair station in the United States is also a lot, and its size and mode of operation with the domestic big brand car special repair station the same. 5.3 professional repair shop (shop) The United States also has many professional repair shop (shop), such as: collision car repair plant; add oil, lubrication and filling air conditioning shop, storage battery shop....... I am in Buffalo (Niagara Falls location) factory visit (English car collision repair intent, so) similar to the domestic insurance company designated repair companies, construction area of 1200m2, there are three sets of body calibration equipment and three sets of lifting machine, and all the work of the small plant and equipment, a paint room, a an interior decoration factory workshop, a total of 14 people. Because buffalo is a medium-sized city, the factory is closed on Saturday and Sunday. The environment inside and outside the factory is clean and tidy, and even the waste oil drums outside the factory buildings are clean, and the waste oil drums placed in the open are all covered. I also visited a battery store specializing in fabric. The store is only two people (including the boss), open every day, Monday to five, 11 hours a day, Saturday, 8 hours, 5 hours on Sunday, so most of the time, only one person in the shop. Mainly to sell batteries, at the same time responsible for diagnosing the user's battery is damaged Such as damage, to help users change. Basically do not carry on the overhaul of car electric equipment. 6, concluding remarks The small and medium-sized repair shop in the United States is characterized by: fewer people, more equipment, large venues and shorter business hours. Staff (including technicians) are higher than the domestic level of education. Of course, fewer people and shorter hours of business and higher wages of American workers, because more cars and more advanced, but also labor and less, the equipment will have to be more advanced. The Business Hours is short, and its (plant), so the American automotive industry, domestic auto repair industry boss than the operator to be much more relaxed. With the improvement of the degree of motorization and the increase of the number of private passenger cars in our country, many practices of the auto repair / auto parts industry in the United States will be of great significance to our congress.