呼吸系统护理试题

呼吸系统 护理 卵巢癌的护理查房优质护理服务内容doc优质护理服务内容肺癌的护理常规消毒供应室优质护理 试题 A1题型 1.有关慢性支气管炎诊断 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ，咳嗽、咳痰反复发作时间应为( ) A.每年发作至少3个月，持续10年以上 B.每年发作至少1个月，持续2年以上 C.每年发作至少2个月，持续3年以上 D.每年发作至少3个月，持续2年以上 E.每年发作至少6个月，持续4年以上 2.慢性支气管炎患者的植物神经功能失调表现为 ( ) A.副交感神经功能亢进 B.交感神经功能低下 C.受体功能亢进 D.β受体功能亢进 E.副交感神经功能低下 3.慢性支气管炎急性发作期治疗，下列各项中不恰当的是( ) A.应用敏感抗生素 B.应用祛痰、镇咳药物C.应用支气管扩张剂D.雾化吸入稀释痰液 E.菌苗注射 4.慢性支气管炎最主要的并发症是 ( ) A.肺出血B.支气管扩张C.小叶性肺炎 D.肺栓塞 E.肺气肿、肺心病 5.慢性支气管炎患者的下列表现中，哪项不应使用抗生素( ) A.咳粘液样痰B.发热C.喘息伴哮鸣音D.肺内多量湿啰音E.外周血白细胞15乘以十的九次方|L 6.慢性支气管炎典型病变中没有 ( ) A.粘膜上皮鳞化B.支气管腺体和杯状细胞增生 C.支气管内有多量泡沫细胞 D.支气管壁有炎性细胞浸润 E.粘膜下平滑肌断裂、萎缩 7.小叶中央型肺气肿的病理改变是( ) A.一级、二级呼吸性细支气管狭窄、肺泡管、肺泡囊、肺泡扩张 B.终末细支气管以下结构全部扩张 C.肺泡管、肺泡囊、肺泡扩张 D.终末细支气管或一级呼吸性细支气管狭窄，其远端二级呼吸性细支气管扩张 E.呼吸性细支气管、肺泡管、肺泡囊、肺泡扩张 转贴于:执业护士资格考试_考试大 8.下列各项检查对诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病最有意义的是 ( ) A.体格检查有桶状胸、紫绀B.心电图呈低电压 C.胸部X线示肺透亮度增加，肋间隙宽 D.血气分析PaO2,60mmHg，PaCO2,50mmHg E.肺功能FEV1,FVC,60,，MVV实测值,预计值,60, 9.慢性阻塞性肺疾病的主要特征是 ( ) A.大气道阻塞B.小气道阻塞C.双肺哮鸣音 D.桶状胸E.胸片示肺纹理增粗 10.慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺气肿常见的病理类型是( ) A.灶性肺气肿 B.小叶中央型肺气肿 C.全小叶型肺气肿 D.混合型肺气肿 E.间质性肺气肿 11.肺气肿时，其主要症状是 ( ) A.突发性呼吸困难B.夜间阵发呼吸困难C.逐渐加重的呼吸困难，以活动后为重D.紫绀 E.心悸 12.慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺气肿的体征，下列不正确的是( ) A.呼气相延长，呼气相哮鸣音B.呼吸音减低C.心音遥远 D.胸膜摩擦音 E.桶状胸 13.下列各组疾病中属于慢性阻塞性肺疾病范畴的是 ( ) A.支气管哮喘，舒张试验阳性 B.伴有气流阻塞的慢性支气管炎、肺气肿 C.伴有气流阻塞的囊性纤维化 D.没有气流阻塞的慢性支气管炎、肺气肿 E.伴有气流阻塞的弥漫性泛细支气管炎 14.诊断阻塞性肺气肿，最有价值的是 ( ) A.PaO2低于正常 B.残气量,肺总量,40, C.第一秒用力呼气量,用力肺活量,60, D.最大通气量低于预计值的80, E.潮气量低于预计值的80,转贴于:执业护士资格考试_考试大 15.肺心病心力衰竭时可出现以下常见症状和体征，除了( ) A.颈静脉怒张B.水肿C.肝肿大和压痛 D.尿少 E.咳粉红色泡沫状痰 16.以下各项中不是慢性肺心病心电图表现的是 ( ) A.电轴右偏 B.Sv1+Rv5?1.05mV C.V1和V2导联出现QS波 D.肺型P波E.右束支传导阻滞 17.慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并慢性肺心病，最常见的死亡原因是( ) A.心律失常B.休克 C.消化道出血 D.呼吸衰竭 E.电解质紊乱 18.关于慢性肺心病心衰应用洋地黄治疗的叙述，错误的是 ( ) A.应用前需纠正缺氧 B.应先抗感染治疗 C.心衰纠正即停用 D.用小剂量快作用制剂 E.心率70,80次,分为疗效指征 19.关于慢性肺心病急性加重期使用强心剂的指征，以下各项中不正确的是( ) A.感染控制，呼吸功能改善，但仍有反复水肿的心力衰竭患者 B.以右心衰竭为主要表现，而无明显急性感染的病人 C.合并冠心病出现急性左心衰竭者 D.合并高血压性心脏病出现急性左心衰竭者 E.心率,120次,分，有房性早搏者 20.慢性肺心病急性加重期使用利尿剂，可能引起 ( ) A.低钾低氯性碱中毒 B.代谢性酸中毒 C.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒 D.呼吸性碱中毒合并代谢性酸中毒 E.稀释性低钠血症 21.慢性肺心病出现右心衰竭时，以下哪项可能不是心衰的表现( ) A.双肺底湿啰音 B.肝肿大和压痛 C.双下肢水肿 D.胸腔积液 E.肝颈静脉回流征阳性 22.治疗肺心病心力衰竭的首要 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 是 ( ) A.卧床休息、低盐饮食 B.使用小剂量强心剂 C.使用小剂量作用缓和的利尿剂 D.应用血管扩张剂减轻心脏负荷 E.积极控制感染和改善呼吸功能 23.肺心病慢性呼吸衰竭患者，血气分析结果:pH7.121，PaCO2 75 mmHg，PaCO2 50 mmHg， HCO3ˉ27.6mmol,L，BE5mmol,L，其酸碱失衡类型为( ) A.代谢性酸中毒 B.呼吸性酸中毒 C.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒 D.代谢性碱中毒 E.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒 24.慢性肺心病最常见的病因是 ( ) A.慢性支气管炎 B.支气管哮喘 C.支气管扩张 D.肺结核 E.肺间质纤维化 25.以下不能作为诊断肺心病的主要依据是 ( ) A.右下肺动脉扩张，横径?15mm B.肺动脉段突出 C.肺型P波 D.右束支传导阻滞 E.V1呈R,S,1 26.下列不符合肺心病体征的是 ( ) A.颈静脉怒张B.肺动脉区第二音亢进 C.剑突下示心脏搏动 D.下肢水肿E.心浊音界向左下扩大 27.慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发肺心病患者X线检查可出现以下征象，除了( ) A.肺纹理紊乱 B.右下肺动脉干扩张 C.心影狭长 D.两肺透亮度增 加 E.Kerley B线 28.慢性肺心病最常见的心律失常是 ( ) A.房性早搏和室上性心动过速 B.心房纤颤 C.心房扑动 D.室性心动过速 E.室性早搏 29.在慢性肺心病的发生、发展过程中，导致肺血管阻力增加的最主要因素是( ) A.缺氧 B.高碳酸血症C.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒 D.电解质紊乱E.肺部感染 30.支气管哮喘典型的临床症状是 ( ) A.胸闷 B.胸痛 C.咯血 D.干咳 E.反复发作性伴有哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难 31.引起支气管哮喘气流受限的原因不包括 ( ) A.气道粘膜水肿 B.腺体分泌亢进及粘液清除障碍 C.气道壁炎性细胞浸润 D.气道平滑肌痉挛 E.肺泡弹性回缩力下降及肺泡破坏 32.参与速发型支气管哮喘的主要免疫炎症细胞为 ( ) A.肥大细胞 B.血小板C.巨噬细胞 D.中性粒细胞 E.T淋巴细胞 33.中度哮喘发作时下述检测结果可能有误的是 ( ) A.PaCO2降低 B.PaCO2降低 C.pH降低 D.SaO2正常 E.PaCO2升高 34.下面有关哮喘特征的描述中不准确的是 ( ) A.凡气道高反应性者都是支气管哮喘 B.不同程度的可逆性气道阻塞 C.反复发作性呼气性呼吸困难 D.典型发作时可闻及哮鸣音 E.可自行缓解或治疗后缓解 36.干性支气管扩张是指 ( ) A.干咳为主 B.仅有早晨咳嗽及咳痰 C.纤维支气管镜检见支气管粘膜干燥、萎缩 D.仅有反复咯血，一般无咳嗽、咳痰 E.病变局限于上叶 37.支气管扩张引起大咯血的原因为( ) A.支气管动脉先天性解剖畸形 B.支气管动脉与肺动脉终末支扩张血管瘤破裂 C.合并重度支气管炎 D.支气管发生囊性扩张 E.支气管粘膜溃疡 38.支气管扩张合并咯血时治疗一般不主张应用( ) A.抗生素 B.止血药 C.镇咳药 D.支气管舒张药 E.镇静药 39.诊断?型呼吸衰竭的血气诊断标准应是 ( ) A.动脉血氧含量(CaO2)低于20ml, B.动脉血氧分压(PaO2)低于8kPa(60mmHg) C.pH,7.35 D.动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)高于6.67kPa (50mmHg) E.动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)低于90, 40.应用呼吸机对ARDS患者治疗的最佳通气模式是 ( ) A.呼气末正压 B.压力支持 C.同步间歇指令通气 D.控制通气 41.缺氧患者最典型的症状是 ( ) A.心率加快 B.紫绀 C.头痛 D.兴奋 E.呼吸困难 42.教科 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 中有关通气,血流比例，下列哪项是错误的( ) A.通气,血流比值大于0.8，导致无效通气 B.肺泡通气量约4L,min C.肺血流量约5L,min D.通气,血流比例失调可以引起CO2潴留 E.通气,血流比值小于0.8，形成动静脉分流 43.肺组织弥散功能障碍时引起单纯缺氧是由于 ( ) A.氧的弥散能力是二氧化碳的1,20 B.氧的弥散能力是二氧化碳的20倍 C.氧的弥散能力是二氧化碳的1,30 D.氧的弥散能力是二氧化碳的30倍 E.氧的弥散能力是二氧化碳的1,10 44.呼吸衰竭患者血气分析结果:pH7.188，PaCO275mmHg，PaO250mmHg，HCO3-27.6mmol,L，BE-5mmol,L，据此结果诊断该患者酸碱失衡类型是 ( ) A.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒 B.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒 C.代谢性碱中毒 D.代谢性酸中毒 E.呼吸性酸中毒 45.?型呼吸衰竭的患者肺功能改变主要是 ( ) A.动-静脉样分流增加B.肺泡通气功能障碍 C.通气,血流比例失调D.弥散功能障碍 E.机体氧耗量增加 46.呼吸衰竭时发生二氧化碳潴留的主要机制是由于 ( ) A.通气,血流比例失调 B.弥散障碍 C.肺组织通气不足 D.动静脉分流 E.无效腔通气 47.对于?型呼吸衰竭的患者，最适宜的吸氧浓度为 ( ) A.10,,45, B.35,,40, C.51,,60, D.25,,35, E.10,,50, 48.治疗成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)最有效的措施为 ( ) A.持续高浓度吸氧 B.应用呼气末正压通气 C.持续低浓度吸氧 D.迅速应用糖皮质激素 E.应用正压机械通气 49.应用呼气末正压通气治疗ARDS的原理下列哪项是错误的 ( ) A.增加肺脏功能残气量 B.扩张萎陷的肺泡 C.增加吸入氧浓度 D.促进肺泡水肿消退 E.减少肺内动静脉分流 50.呼吸衰竭的患者临床上出现最早的症状是 ( ) A.胸部疼痛 B.呼吸困难 C.咯血 D.紫绀 E.精神错乱 51.肺炎球菌肺炎痰呈铁锈色与哪一病理分期有关 ( ) A.水肿期 B.消散期 C.灰色肝变期 D.充血期 E.红色肝变期 52.医院内获得性肺炎，最常见的致病菌是 ( ) A.病毒 B.厌氧菌 C.革兰阳性球菌 D.真菌 E.革兰阴性杆菌 53.肺炎球菌肺炎的典型症状是 ( ) A.寒战和高热 B.咳粘液脓性痰 C.咳铁锈色痰 D.患侧胸部疼痛 E.气急和发绀 54.成人院外获得性肺炎最常见的病原菌是 ( ) A.肺炎球菌 B.流感嗜血杆菌 C.嗜肺军团菌 D.铜绿假单胞菌 E.肺炎支原体 55.引起大叶性肺炎最常见病原菌为 ( ) A.溶血性链球菌 B.结核菌 C.肺炎球菌 D.葡萄球菌 E.肺炎克雷白杆菌 56.金葡菌肺炎最具特征的X线表现是 ( ) A.肺段实变伴脓肿形成 B.肺实变伴多发性蜂窝样改变 C.浸润阴影易变伴气囊腔形成 D.多发性肺浸润 E.肺段实变伴液气胸 57.老年患者突然发生寒战、高热、咳嗽、咳痰、痰粘稠，砖红色，胶胨状，引起感染最可能的病原菌是 ( ) A.克雷白杆 菌 B.流感嗜血杆菌 C.嗜肺军团杆菌 D.葡萄球菌 E.铜绿假单胞菌 58.最易引起脓气胸的肺炎是( ) A.克雷白杆菌肺炎 B.金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎C.肺炎球菌肺炎D.支原体肺炎E.军团菌肺炎 59.克雷白杆菌肺炎治疗时首选哪种药物为佳 ( ) A.氨基糖苷类 B.大环内酯类 C.磺胺类 D.青霉素类 E.喹诺酮类 60.肺炎球菌肺炎抗菌治疗疗程一般为 ( ) A.3,5天 B.5,7天 C.7,9天 D.9,11天 E.11,14天 61.治疗肺炎链球菌肺炎首选的抗菌药物是 ( ) A.氧氟沙星 B.红霉素 C.青霉素 D.链霉素 E.环丙沙星 62.下列哪项不可能是肺炎球菌肺炎的并发症 ( ) A.胸膜炎 B.弥漫性血管内凝血 C.感染性休克 D.脑膜炎 E.肺脓肿 63.慢性喘息型支气管炎的特点 ( ) A(呼气性呼吸困难，双肺布满哮鸣音 B(端坐呼吸，双肺底水泡音 C(呼气性呼吸困难，两肺散在干湿性罗音 D(吸气性呼吸困难，呼吸音低 E(进行性呼吸困难，咳嗽，痰中带血 64.呼吸衰竭的治疗主要在于:( ) A(治疗原发病 B祛除诱因 C(支持疗法 D(纠正缺氧和CO2潴留 E(纠正酸碱平衡失调 65.肺炎时可减轻胸痛的最常用体位是:( ) A(患侧卧位 B(仰卧位 C(坐位 D(健侧卧位 E(俯卧位 66.在肺结核治疗和预防中，最常使用的药物是:( ) A(链霉素 B(异烟肼 C(利福平 D(乙胺丁醇 E(对氨基水杨酸 67.肺炎球菌肺炎时产生的铁锈色痰最主要的原因是:( ) A(痰内有大量红细胞 B(痰内含大量脓细胞 C(白细胞破坏时所产生的溶蛋白酶 D(红细胞破坏释放出含铁血黄素 E(红细胞碎屑被巨噬细胞吞噬 68.浸润型肺结核的病灶多位于:( ) A(肺尖或肺上野 B(肺门附近 C(肺中部 D(肺下野 E(全肺各处 69.异烟份用量过大会引起:( ) A(眩晕、听力障碍 B(末梢神经炎及肝损害 C(胃肠道不适，尿酸血症 D(粒细胞减少 E(过敏反应 70.慢性支气管炎的临床分型是:( ) A(单纯型、喘息型 B(单纯型、喘息型、混合型 C(急性型、慢性迁延型 D(急性型、慢性型、迁延型 E(急性型、慢性型、反复发作型 71.呼吸系统最常见的症状是:( ) A(咳嗽 B(咳痰 C(咳血 D(呼吸困难 E(胸痛 72.低浓度吸氧、氧流量为:( ) A(5-6L/min B(2-3L/min C(l-2L/min D(1-2L/s E(2-3L/s 73.呼吸衰竭患者的病情观察，下列哪项对发现肺性脑病先兆极为重要:( ) A(皮肤及面部变化 B(神志与精神变化 C(呼吸变化 D(心率与血压变化 E(瞳孔变化 74.肺癌患者出现声音嘶哑应考虑:( ) A(压迫食管 B(压迫颈交感神经 C(压迫喉返神经 D(压迫肥神经 E(压迫上腔静脉 75.确诊肺结核的重要依据为:( ) A(典型的症状、体征 B(结核菌素试验阳性 C(贫血或红细胞沉降率加速 D(痰中找到结核菌 E(X线检查找到病灶 76.慢性支气管炎的主要诊断依据是:( ) A(病史和临床表现 B(肺功能测定 C(痰液细菌学检查D(X线检查E(长期吸烟史 77.呼吸系统疾病最常见的原因是:( ) A(感染 B(变态反应 C(粉尘和有害气体吸入 D(肿瘤 E(其他全身疾病 78.肺源性心脏病呼吸衰竭时应给予:( ) A(高流量持续吸氧B(高流量间歇吸氧C(低流量间歇吸氧 D(低流量持续吸氧 E(低流量混有二氧化碳的氧吸入 79.肺炎球菌肺炎最具有特征性的表现是:( ) A(呼吸困难 B(咳铁锈色痰 C(语颤增强 D(咳嗽、胸痛 E(发热、寒战 80.有关痰液在各种肺部疾病中的表现哪项组合错误:( ) A(慢性支气管炎咳白色泡沫痰 B(支气管扩张咳大量脓痰 C(肺炎球菌肺炎咳铁锈色痰 D(肺炎克雷白杆菌肺炎咳粉红色泡沫痰 E(肺炎支原体肺炎咳少许劾疾 81.呼吸衰竭时应特别慎用:( ) A(呼吸兴奋剂B(祛疾平喘剂C(镇静安眠剂D(脱水利尿剂E(强心剂 82.与吸烟有密切关系且是肺癌中恶性程度最高的一种，应是:( ) A(鳞状上皮癌B(小细胞未分化癌C(大细胞未分化癌D(腺癌E(细支气管肺泡细胞癌 83.慢性支气管炎最突出的症状是:( ) A(长期反复咳嗽B(经常咳痰C(时有喘息D(反复发热E(少量咳血 84.护理重症哮喘患者时，下列哪项不妥:( ) A(守护在床边，加强心理护理B(安排舒适的半卧位或坐位C(给予低流量鼻导管吸氧 D(勿勉强进食，限止水的摄入E(痰多粘稠者可作药物雾化吸入 85.肺心病急性加重期的关键治疗措施是:( ) A(改善呼吸功能B(控制呼吸道感染C(利尿减轻心负荷D(给洋地黄制剂 E(控制心律失常 86).支气管哮喘患者应禁忌使用以下哪类药物:( ) A(β1肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂 B(β2肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂 C(β肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂 D(α肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂 E(α肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂 (87).典型支气管哮喘发作时，最主要的临床表现是:( ) A(带哮鸣音的吸气性呼吸困难及双肺哮呜音 B(带哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难及双肺哮呜音 C(带哮鸣音的混合性呼吸困难及双肺哮鸣音 D(带哮鸣音的混合性呼吸困难、粉红色泡沫痰 88(引起呼吸系统最常见的病因是( ) A.吸烟 B.肿瘤 C.感染 D.变态反应 E.理化因素 89.患者大咯血，给予的止血药首选为( ) A.止血敏 B. 垂体后叶素 C. 安络血 D. 维生素K E. 抗血纤溶芳酸 90.下列咳嗽，咳痰护理措施中，错误的是( ) A. 保持室内空气清新、清洁 B. 咳嗽患者注意口腔护理 C. 痰稠不易咳出时应多饮水 D.协助痰多的卧床病人翻身 E.痰多体弱无力咳嗽者施行体位引流 91.预防阵发性夜间呼吸困难发作，最主要的护理措施是( ) A.保持安静，减少声、光的刺激 B.夜间持续吸氧 C.夜间睡眠应保持半卧位 D.睡前给小剂量镇静剂 E.注意保暖 92.发作性呼气性呼吸困难见于( ) A.肺不张 B.胸膜粘连 C.支气管扩张 D.支气管异物 E.支气管哮喘 93.急性呼吸道感染，最常见的病原体是( ) A.肺炎链球菌 B.葡萄球菌 C.革兰阴性杆菌 D.病毒 E.溶血性链球菌 94.对痰液过多且无力咳嗽者，为防止窒息，在翻身前护士首先应( ) A.给病人吸氧 B.给病人吸痰 C.指导病人有效咳嗽 D.给病人拍背 E.慢慢移动病人 95(痰液粘稠不易咳出者的促进排痰措施为( ) A.指导有效咳嗽 B.湿化呼吸道 C.拍背与胸壁震荡 D.体位引流 E.机械排痰 96(以下X线检查前做准备，哪项不正确( ) A.透视检查者，需除去透视部位的厚层衣物 B.腹部摂片者应先清洁肠道 C.心血管造影前穿刺部位需备皮 D.胃肠钡餐检查者应先做碘过敏试验 E.钡餐灌肠检查者当日禁早餐 97.为防止哮喘病人痰液粘稠不易咳出，应采取( ) A.体位引流 B.低盐饮食 C.多饮水 D.持续吸氧 E.翻身、拍背 98.支气管哮喘的主要临床表现是( ) A.吸气性呼吸困难伴“三凹征” B.发作性呼吸困难伴窒息感 C.反复发作带哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难 D.带哮鸣音的混合性呼吸困难 E. 呼吸困难伴哮鸣音 99.哮喘持续状态是指严重哮喘持续时间达( ) A.6h B.10h C.24h D.48h E.12h 100.病人哮喘时，最佳体位是( ) A.平卧位 B. 端坐位 C. 半卧位 D. 俯卧位 E. 头低脚高位 101.某重症哮喘病人突然出现胸痛、极度呼吸困难、发绀、大汗、四肢厥冷。左侧肺部哮鸣音消失考虑并发( ) A.休克 B.呼吸衰竭 C. 心力衰竭 D. 自发性气胸 E. 肺不张 102.护理重症哮喘病人哪项不正确( ) A.取坐位或半卧位 B. 勿使勉强进食 C. 限制水、钠摄入 D. 给予低流量吸氧 E. 痰多粘稠者采用雾化吸入 103.某哮喘病人，咳嗽、咳粘液痰，表明需要( ) A.呼吸锻炼 B. 补充液体 C. 高蛋白饮食 D. 吸氧 E. 加强口腔护理 104.支气管哮喘长期反复发作，最常见的并发症是( ) A.上呼吸道感染 B. 肺结核 C. 阻塞性肺气肿 D. 肺不张 E. 自发性气胸 105.依支气管哮喘病人居住环境要求，下列是允许的( A ) A.悬挂化纤布料窗帘 B. 铺垫全毛地毯 C. 使用羽毛枕头 D. 放置鲜花 E. 饲养小狗 106.与支气管哮喘发作有关的免疫球蛋白是( ) A.IgA B. IgG C. IgE D. Ig D E. IgM 107.某哮喘病人，呼吸极度困难，一口气不能说完一句话，伴发绀、大汗淋漓。对该病人首先必须( ) A.专人护理，准备抢救用品 B. 加强巡视，防止情绪激动 C. 帮助口服平喘药物 D. 避免进食可能诱发哮喘的食物 E. 采血做血气分析 108.大咯血时最危险的并发症是 ( ) A.休克 B. 贫血 C. 肺不张 D. 肺部感染 E. 窒息 109急性哮喘发作出现呼吸困难属于( ) A.劳力性呼吸困难 B. 吸气性呼吸困难 C. 呼气性呼吸困难 D. 混合性呼吸困难 E. 端坐呼吸 110.某咯血病人突然出现表情恐怖、张口瞪目、两手乱抓等窒息现象，首先应该( ) A.准备抢救用品 B. 行人工呼吸 C. 使用呼吸中枢兴奋剂 D. 使用镇咳药 E. 立即置病人头低脚高位 111.大咯血并发窒息的抢救措施中关键在于( ) A.立即消除呼吸道积血 B. 加压给氧 C. 立即应用呼吸兴奋剂 D. 监测血气分析 E. 监测凝血机制 112.重症哮喘发生原因不包括( ) A.呼吸道感染未控制 B. 持续接触大量过敏原 C. 精神过度紧张 D. 突然停用糖皮质激素 E. 贫血 113.异常支气管呼吸音常见于( ) A.肺炎 B. 肺气肿 C. 胸腔积液 D. 自发性气胸 E. 支气管哮喘 114.慢性支气管炎最突出的症状是( ) A.长期反复咳嗽 B. 反复咳脓性痰 C. 间歇少量咳血 D. 逐渐加重的呼吸困难 E. 活动后心悸气急 115.本病最主要的治疗原则是( ) A.扩张支气管 B. 低浓度吸氧 C. 消除肺部感染 D. 治疗心衰 E. 去痰剂 116慢性阻塞性肺疾病，加强腹式呼吸的原因是( ) A.有利于痰液排出 B. 增加肺泡张力 C. 使呼吸幅度扩大增加肺泡通气量 D. 借助腹肌进行呼吸 E. 间接增加肋间肌活动 117.某慢性阻塞性肺气肿病人，剧烈咳嗽后突然出现剧烈胸痛、呼吸困难加重，右胸叩诊鼓音。应考虑的并发症为( ) A.慢性肺心病 B. 肺炎 C. 自发性气胸 D. 肺不张 E. 胸膜炎 118.胸廓两侧呼吸运动减弱见于( ) A.肺气肿 B. 肺不张 C. 肺炎 D. 胸膜黏连 E. 气胸 (共用备选答案) A.头低足高位，头偏向一侧 B.去枕平卧位 C.平卧位，头偏向一侧 D.端坐位 E.患侧卧位 1.结核性胸膜炎胸痛病人取( ) 2.气管哮喘发作病人取( ) 3.咯血窒息的病人取( ) 4.肺结核大咯血病人取( ) 5.休克型肺炎病人取( ) (6-8题共用题干) 患者，刘某，20岁，自述气候变化而出现咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、呼气性呼吸困难，烦躁不安伴哮鸣音，发热明显，视诊桶状胸，诊断为支气管哮喘。 6.护士对刘某的饮食护理中不恰当的是( ) A.摄入高维生素流食 B. 摄入富于营养的流质饮食 C. 鼓励病人多进食 D. 忌食易过敏食物，如鱼、虾等 E. 少油腻，多饮水 7，如果对刘某进行预防性治疗常选用( ) A.泼尼松 B. 茶碱类 C. 色甘酸钠 D. 氨哮素 E. 二丙酸倍氯米松气雾剂 8.护士应了解刘某目前最主要的护理问题为( ) A.低效型呼吸型态 B. 有体液不足的危险 C. 恐惧 D. 有窒息的危险 E. 活动无耐力 (9--10题共用题干) 男性，62岁，咳嗽30年，近日咳大量脓痰，气憋，下肢水肿 9.首先应考虑是( ) A.支气管扩张 B. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 C. 支气管哮喘 D. 慢性肺脓疡 E. 肺癌感染 10.下肢水肿应考虑何故( ) A.肺心病右心衰 B. 低蛋白血症 C. 摄盐过多 D. 下肢静脉血栓 E. 合并肾炎 1-10:DAEEA CDEBB 11-20: CDBBE BDEEA 21-30:AECAD EEAAE 31-34:EAEA 36-40:DBDBA 41-50:EDAAB CDBCB 51-60:EECAC CABAB 61-70:CECDA BDABA 71-80:ACBCD AADBD 81-90:CBABB CBCBE 91-100:CEBBB BCCCB 101-110:ACBCAB AECE 111-118:AEEAC CCB 1-10:EDAAB ABAAA (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.