英语中一些重要的不定代词的用法

英语中一些重要的不定代词的用法 英语中一些重要的不定代词的用法 both, either, neither both为“两者都”，neither为“两者都不”，either为“两者之一”。这三个单词都用于指两个人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。 作主语: 1) Both (of them) enjoyed the rice. 他们两人喜欢吃米饭。 2) Neither (of us) is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。 3) Either (of you) will go. 随你们哪个去都可以。 注意:作主语时，both后面的谓语动词用复数。neither, either后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 作定语: 1) Both Zhang Hua’s father and mother worker work in a hospital, but neither one is a doctor. 张华的父母亲在一所医院工作，但都不是医生。 2) You may take either apple. 两个苹果任你拿一个。 作宾语: 1) I like both of the toys very much. 我非常喜欢这两件玩具。 2) The boy could find neither of them and went away. 这男孩找不到他们俩就走开了。 3) You may plant either in the street. 你可以种在街道的任一边。 both 还可作同位语，它们句中的位置是在动词be，助动词或情态动词的后面，但在实义动词前面。 1) They are both in good health. 他们两人身体都很好。 2) They will both go there. 他们两人都收到那儿去。 3) They both agreed to take part in the birthday party. 他们两人都答应参加生日晚会。 此外，either 可作副词用于否定句，表示 “也”，相当于肯定句中的 “too”。 This is not mine. That is not, either. 这不是我的，那也不是。 neither 表示“也不”的时候，常用在倒装的结构形式中: I don’t like to play football. Neither does he. 我不喜欢踢足球，他也不喜欢。 She hasn’t got a bike. Neither have I. 他没自行车，我也没有。 both 和 and, either 和 or, neither 和 nor 可构成连词。表示“和……两个都”，连接 注意， 主语时谓语动词是复数;“不是……就是”;“或……或”，“既不……也不”;“……都不” 连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致，如: 1) Both Zhang and Wang are good students. 张、王都是好学生。 2) Either you or he is right. 不是你就是他对的。 3) Neither he nor i am a scientist. 他和我都不是科学家。 one, another, the other 1. one 常用来作代词，替代前文所出现的可数名词，表示人或物，以避免重复。例如: I haven’t got a ball pen. I’ll have to buy one. (= a ball pen) 我没圆珠笔，我得去买一支。 He is one to think more of others. 他是个能多为别人着想的人。 2. the other, another 都可解释为 “另一个”。other 加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个，another 指三者以上中的另一个。例如: He was two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. We’ve received two parcels, one from my uncle, the other from my aunt. I don’t like this one, show me another, please. I’ve just bought three things. One is a walkman, another is a pocket calculator, the third is a video game. 3. another 还有 “再……” 的意思，例如: Have another cup of coffee, please. 再喝一杯咖啡吧～ She could have to stay here for another week. 他将在这里再待一个星期。 4. other 有 “另外” 的含义。例如: Where are the other students? 其他学生在哪里, The boy is much cleverer than the other two. 这孩子比另两个更聪明。 5. others 和 the others 表示复数的泛指和特指。例如: In the park some are playing games. Others are walking near the river. I have five colour pencils. One is red, another is blue and the others are green. 6. the rest 也可作 “其余的” 解释。它用作主语时注意谓语动词的单复数。例如: The rest of his life was spent in America. 他的余生是在美国度过的。 He has eight books. Two are in English. The rest are in Chinese. 他有几本书，两本是英文，其余的是中文。 little, a little, few, a few 1. little 与 a little 两者都用来修饰不可数名词，little 作 “很少”，“几乎没有” 解，有否定的意思，a little 作 “少许”、“有一点” 解，有肯定的意思，例如: In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 用这种方法他们只花很少的钱就能旅行。 There is little left, is there? 没剩多少了，是吗, 2. few, a few 用来修饰可数名词，前者表示否定，后者表示肯定。 A few of us speak English well. 我们中有几个人英语讲得很好。 There were few eggs is the fridge, so he went to the supermarket and bought some. 冰箱里几乎没鸡蛋了，所以他去超市买了一些。 3. few 作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数，例如: Few men know this, do they? 4. 常用词组有 quite a few (好几个)，only a few (只有一个)，a very few (极少数)。例如: He studied Chinese for quite a few years. 他学汉语已有好几年了。 some, any, no, none, each, every, many, much (1)some 和 any: some (一些，某个) 句中可作主语、宾语、定语等，常用于肯定句。作定语时，它可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词是单数时，some 表示 “某个” 的意思。例如: There are some newspapers on the table. I am going to buy some orange juice. Have you any questions? Yes, I have some. I have read that in some magazine. 当说活者表示提议、请求或期望得到肯定回答时，在疑问句中也可用 some。例如: Would you like some tea? Could you lend me some money? any “一些” 用法相同于 some, 但多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句。例如: Is there any ink in your pen? Put up your hands if you have any questions. 注意: 1. any 用于肯定句中有 “任何一个” 解。常用于比较级句子中。 Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class. Tom runs faster than any of the other boys in his class. 2. some, any, every, no 可以与 body, thing, one 构成合成代词，这些代词都作单数看待，表示人或物: Something is wrong with my bike. Something is asking to see you. Nobody is absent. If you want anything, call me. (2)no 和 none: none (没有一个，全不，都不) 是名词性的不定代词，可作主语和宾语，常和 of 短语连用，不以作定语。none 作主语代替不可数名词时，谓语用单数形式。代替可数名词时，谓语用单、复数均可。例如: None of us is / are from Beijing. None of the money is mine. none 与 all 相对，有 “全不” “全部” 的含义，因此 all 是全肯定，none 是 all 的全部否定，但都指三者以上的人或物。 We all made mistakes. None of us was correct. no 是形容词性的不定代词，只能用作定语，可修饰可数和不可数名词。no 等于 not a 或 not any 加上名词。例如: I have no money. I have not any money. no one 相当于 nobody，意为没有人，谓语用单数。 (3)each 和 every : each (每个，各自的) 强调个体，可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。 every (每个，一切的) 相当于all，强调整体，只能作定语。 Each boy has a dictionary. 每个孩子都有一本词典。 Every boy has a dictionary. 所有的孩子都有一本词典。 注意: every 构成的常用词组 every other day 每隔一天 / every other five days 每隔五天 every other line 每隔一行 / every five days 每五天 (4)many 和 much : many 修饰可数名词的复数，谓语用复数，much 修饰不可数名词，谓语用单数，它们可用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，还可在肯定句中作主语或修饰主语。例如: So much for today. There are many buses and cars in the street. many 已被 a lot of, a large number of, a great many 所代替。 much 已被 a lot of, plenty of, a good deal of, a great (large) quantity of 所代替。 但 a lot of / lots of 只能用于肯定句。 1. ______ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None 2.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because ______ of us had ______ money on us. A. all ; no B. any ; no C. none ; any D. no one ; any 3.There is a tree on _______ side of the street. A. every B. all C. either D. both 4.There is a desk on _______ side of the room. A. both B. either 5. — Which side can I sit on the boat? — If you sit still, you can sit on _______. A. every side B. all sides C. both sides D. either side C. both D. either C. every D. not all 6.It is said that _______ of his parents have gone to Beijing. A. all B. every A. all B. none 8. — Is _______ here? — No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 9.They were all very tired, but ______ of them would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither 10. — Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? — I’m afraid _______ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any 11. If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay _____ ,5. 7.Some students are absent-minded, _______ of them heard what the teacher said. C. all D. every A. another B. other 12. — Which of the two books do you want? — I want _____. Please show me ______. A. none ; another C. more D. each B. all ; the other C. neither ; the other D. neither ; another 13._____ side of the street is lined with different shops, ____ of which sell electronic products. A. Both ; both B. Either ; all D. Either ; both C. Neither ; either 14. — Do you need anything else? — Yes, we still need ______ aircrafts. A. more two B. two more C. other two pieces of D. two other pieces of 15.I had no idea which was better, so I took _____ of them. A. any B. every 16. — The examination was easy, wasn’t it? — Yes, but I don’t think ______ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody 19.Tom and Mary have arrived, but students in your class aren’t here yet. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 20.Do September and April have thirty days A. every B. neither C. each D. all A. Every B. Every one C. Everyone D. Anybody 22.We have English classes day, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. A. each other B. every other C. this and other D. all other 23.Tom had a bad cold. is why he didn’t come to school. A. It B. That C. This D. There 24.They invited the three of ,Tom, Bob, and . A. us , me B. we , I C. us , I . A. None B. No one C. Not one D. Not many ones 18.I wanted some water, but there was A. none B. no C. DCCDD CDCCB ADBBD B 19 ACCBBBA C. none D. both 主谓一致要点精讲 “一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也 用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如:is, was, has, works 等。 在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则: 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 意义一致的原则 (一)谓语动词为单数的情况 1. 由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家…) (比较:The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2. Every … and (every)…, each …and (each… , no …and (no)… , many a …and (many a)…连 接两个单数名词作主语。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语。 Each of the students has a book. 4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作 主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5. 以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。 6. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 7. 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。 8. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away. 9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。 (二)谓语动词为复数的情况 1. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。 The police are looking for the missing child. 3. goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。 4. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语 (三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。 His family is a great one. His family are music lovers. 2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。 The steel works is near the station. Two new steel works are being built. 3. “kind, sort, pair, type +名词” 作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的+ 名词”作主语: 谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。 就近一致原则 由or , either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 但注意: “with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定? 1(His family _______ a small one( 2(His family _______ fat and short( A(is，is B(are，are C(is，are D(are，is 此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有: team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会，委员们)，audience(听众)等: This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it( 这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。 This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。 The team is the best in the league(这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths(足球队队员们在洗澡 It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。 但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法: 1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数):clothing 衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggage,luggage 行李，furniture家俱，machinery 机械，scenery 景色，jewellery珠宝等。 2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式):people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。 谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致? We Chinese ____ a hard-working people( A(is B(are C(is being D(are being 此题应选B。这里应注意的是:我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致)，而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致)，本题意为:我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。 注意以下类似例子: These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim( The planets were the object of his study( The most important thing I need is books( The country’s leading export is watches( The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies( 但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数)，例如: Who is your brother,谁是你的兄弟, Who are your brothers,哪些是你的兄弟, What he said is quite correct(他所说的完全正确。 What he left me are only a few old books(他给我留下的只是几本旧书。 并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致 , 1. You or he ___C____ to blame(你或他有一人要受责备。 2. _______ you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他, A(is，Is B(are，Are C(is，Are D( are，Is 在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but(also)等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致。 1(One or two days ____ enough to see the city( A(is B(are C(am A(is D(be 2(Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind( B(are C(am A(is D(be 3(Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another( B(are C(am D(be B(are 4(Not the teacher，but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film( A(is C(am D(be BCBB 下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致, A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift( A(is offered C(are offered B(has offered D(have offered A 用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有with, like, but, except, besides, including, together with, along with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than等连 接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。 1(Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday( A(was B(were C(has been A(is coming C(has come A(know D(have been B(are coming D(have come B(knows D(are known 2(A woman with some children ____ soon( 3(No one except my parents ____ anything about this。 C(is known A(has read 4(The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already( B(have read D(is reading B(were killed D(are killed AABAB C(are reading A(was killed 5(All but one ____ in the accident( C(will be killed 1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books ___to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. When and where to build the new factory ___ yet. A. is not decided C. has not decided B. are not decided D. have not decided C. was; were D. were; were 4. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was A. is playing B. have played A. Two fifth; is 5. E-mail, as well as telephones, ___ an important part in daily communication. C. are playing D. play 6. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass. B. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; are BAACAC C. Two fifths; is