东南大学在职硕士学位英语考试模拟题1

东南大学在职硕士学位英语考试模拟题1 东南大学在职硕士学位英语考试模拟题(一) 试卷编号 01 考试时间 150分钟 PART I VOCABULARY Directions: Choose answer A, B, C or D that best defines the underlined part or best fills in the blank. (20 minutes, 25 points) 1. This approach to religious problems found special application as Islām spread to new lands and encountered new environments. A. removed from B. met with C. exposed to D. confined by 2. And they are all similar to products initially developed in the United States that have not managed to be commercialized there. A. evidently B. originally C. surprisingly D. gradually 3. The message he sought to convey to his readers was that they should remove their prejudice toward people of different religions. A. put across B. get over C. show off D. turn away 4. He calmly _______ the passengers that he everything was under control and that there was nothing to worry about. A. assured B. insured C. assumed D. ensured 5. The growth of a city often enhances the value of land close to it. A. increases B. diminishes C. enriches D. depreciates 6. He has proclaimed that the path to authentic human flouring is only found in our rediscovery of our call to communion. A. maintained B. announced C. confirmed D. established 7. The girl _____ her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper. A. inherited B. initiated C. injected D. integrated 8. His work does not show much ______. It seems that it has too much imitation in it. A. originality B. deviation C. projection D. publicity 9. She soon discovered that he had a remarkable ______ for learning words, especially if he liked them. A. specialty B. aptitude C. majority D. minority 10. He is very capable; that ________ his rapid promotion. A. approves of B. accounts for C. backs up D. bears on 11. His most important ________ was the introduction of the seminary method of instruction for advanced students. A. induction B. inspiration C. inclination D. innovation 12. We would never have secured our independence without the aid you rendered. A. prescribed B. provoked C. provided D. promotedt 13. Installations of these machines will speed up production of the new car. A. hinder B. quicken C. improve D. ensure 14. The importance of _______ design becomes evident when we realize how much time we spend surrounded by four walls. A. interior B. exterior C. internal D. external 15. He was ____ into leaving the company by the offer of higher pay elsewhere. 1 A. seduced B. dissuaded C. convinced D. inducted 16. The dismissal of the minister for foreign affairs has changed the whole _____ of the government. A. compensation B. complexion C. complication D. composition 17. In my research, I ________ the definition of technology and explained it as the invention of tools and techniques for doing practical things. A. guaranteed B. interfered C. illustrated D. formulated 18. The badly wounded took _______ for medical attention over those only slightly hurt. A. privilege B. priority C. permission D. advantage 19. One must never lose time in _______ regretting the past or in complaining against the changes which cause us discomfort, for change is the essence of life. A. vainly B. fairly C. hardly D. validly 20. Like other famous rivers all over the world, Yangtze River, with fantastic sceneries and a long history, has ________ brilliant civilization in south China. A. nurtured B. ventured C. tortured D. fractured 21. As she read to the class, the teacher had each child _________ a different character in the story. A. figure out B. turn out C. act out D. make out 22. The United States plans to study the possibility of using mixed-oxide fuel converted from nuclear-weapon material to operate two nuclear power plants. A. separated B. generated C. changed D. distinguished 23. As more plants close and fewer workers are needed to assemble cars, fewer dealers are needed to sell those cars. A. string together B. gather together C. collect together D. put together locate the coin Baby has swallowed before he can remove it. 24. The doctor must A. make out B. find out C. turn out D. take out 25. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views ________ our own. A. contradict B. illuminate C. exclude D. contribute PART II CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points) Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. There are a great many differences between the United States and China; at times you may not understand the actions of Americans or particular facets of the American society. When you first __1__ in the United States, you, like students from other countries, may __2__ “culture shock”—a feeling of disorientation or __3__ that often occurs when someone leaves a familiar place and moves to an unfamiliar one. This is __4__ and you should not be disturbed by it. As you become more __5__ to life in the United States and to American attitudes, uncomfortable feelings should __6__. Americans usually are willing to answer questions and explain __7__ which may be unfamiliar to you, so never __8__ to ask for assistance. It is difficult to __9__ about characteristics of Americans as US society is __10__ of persons who come from __11__ social and cultural backgrounds, who live in varying economic situations 2 and __12__ ways of approaching and living life differ __13__. The items mentioned below are offered __14__ to encourage you to “become American”, but to help ease your __15__ to life in the United States. 1. A. reach B. travel C. arrive D. get 2. A. experience B. exercise C. express D. suffer 3. A. surprise B. dilemma C. discomfort D. confusion 4. A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. universal 5. A. accustomed B. satisfied C. familiar D. interested 6. A. disappear B. distinguish C. diminish D. vanish 7. A. environments B. conditions C. circumstances D. situations 8. A. attempt B. hesitate C. afraid D. intend 9. A. generalize B. conclude C. think D. generate 10. A. consisted B. made C. combined D. composed 11. A. several B. enormous C. numerous D. much 12. A. some B. whose C. their D. the 13. A. radically B. slightly C. scarcely D. merely 14. A. also B. only C. both D. not 15. A. reluctance B. effort C. adjustment D. suffering PART III READING COMPREHENSION (40 minutes, 25 points) Directions: In this part of the test, there are 5 passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (1) The biggest food safety risk for fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown, picked or processed comes from human and animal waste, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). said Friday. More than 9,000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases and some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamination. The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for U. S. and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality, manure management and transportation. These 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers lessons on basic hygiene such as using soap to wash their hands, covering wounds that could come into contact with produce, and using only clean toilets. The FDA guidelines identified “the major source of contamination” for fresh produce as human or animal feces(排泄物). “We think just proper controls and proper attention to detail would make a big difference in food safety,” said and FDA official, “It is our belief that these guidelines would not be very costly.” But grower groups disagreed with the FDA’s assessment. “Most food-borne disease outbreaks that happen further down the distribution line are due to contamination because people preparing food are not properly washing their hands,” said Stacey Zawal, an official with United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association. “That is not necessarily true for growers and packers.” Some U. S. grower organizations have expressed concern that the agency is interfering with 3 on-farm practices. Others object to the FDA’s proposal to have growers formally document the picking, handling and transportation of produce so that health officials could quickly recall foods if necessary. Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines as of little use because they will not carry the force of law. But stricter regulations could evolve as researchers find new technology or methods to kill harmful bacteria or parasites, the FDA said. The FDA recommendations are due to be made final by the FDA later this year for use by U.S. and foreign growers. The matter of encouraging foreign growers to adopt the guidelines remains somewhat tricky but FDA officials say it is vital because of the huge amount of imported produce. 1. “Food-borne diseases” in this passage means those diseases ________. A. which people get by eating fruits which have been polluted B. which people get by eating too many kinds of food C. which many kinds of fruit get when polluted by feces D. which fruit-growers get by their failure to keep themselves clean 2. Some fruit grower groups believe that most food-borne diseases are caused by ________. A. growers’ lack of attention to personal hygiene B. lack of effective guidelines C. the FDA’s decision to import more foreign fruits and vegetables D. people involved in distributing fresh produce 3. An FDA official said that putting the guidelines into practice ________. A. would be too costly to be effective B. would not cost any money C. would not be very expensive D. would needs lots of money 4. Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines because they didn’t think that these guidelines _________. A. had won enough support from the farmers B. had been written with strict regulations C. would surely be carried out D. included new technology 5. The last paragraph suggests that _________. A. some tricks need to be adopted to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines. B. a good way should be found to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines. C. foreign growers consider the guidelines to be of great importance to them. D. it is almost impossible to ask foreign farmers to follow the guidelines. (2) Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. 4 All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by student organizations. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating, has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career. 6. Normally a student would at least attend ____ classes each week. A. 36 B. 12 C. 20 D. 15 7. According to the first paragraph, an American student is allowed ____. A. to live in a different university B. to take a particular course in a different university C. to live at home and drive to classes D. to get two degrees from a university 8. American university students are usually under pressure of work because ____. A. their academic performance will affect their future careers B. they are heavily involved in student affairs C. they have to run for positions of authority D. they have to attend a lot of classes 9. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because ____. A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university C. such positions help them get better jobs D. such positions are usually well paid 10. The student organizations seem to be effective in ____. A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university B. evaluating students’ performance C. ensuring that the students observe university regulations D. keeping up the students’enthusiasm for social activities (3) Good nutrition and a balanced diet will help your children grow up healthily. No matter how old your kids are, you can take steps to improve nutrition and to encourage smart eating habits. Here are some suggestions. Family Meals Family meals are comforting for both parents and kids. Children like to guess what they are going to have and parents get the chance to introduce new foods to children and to find out which foods they like and which ones they don’t. Teens may turn up their noses at your plan of a family meal. It is not surprising because they’re trying to establish independence. Yet studies find that teens still want their parents’ advice, so they use the mealtime as a chance to reconnect. Stocking Up on Healthy Foods Kids, especially younger ones, will eat mostly what they can get at home. That’s why it’s important to control the supply lines—the foods which you serve for meals and have on hand for 5 snacks. You should have enough fruits, vegetables, lean meat and other good sources of protein, such as eggs and nuts, and healthy snacks, such as yogurt, peanut butter and whole-grain biscuits. Being a Good Example The best way for you to encourage healthy eating is to eat well yourself. Kids will follow the lead of the adults they see every day. By eating fruits and vegetables and avoiding fast food and sugary drinks, you’ll be sending the right message. No Conflicts over Foods Parents might find themselves shouting at children to get them to have healthy foods in front of them. This in fact can make children dislike what they are asked to eat. Get Kids Included Most kids will enjoy making the decision about what to make for dinner. Talk to them about making choices and planning a balanced meal. It can help prepare them to make good decisions on their own about the foods they want to eat. 11. Family meals provide the chances for parents to do the following things EXCEPT _____. A. guessing what kids are going to have B. finding what kids like and dislike C. introducing new foods to kids D. reconnecting with kids 12. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means_______. A. teenagers may be interested in your plan of a family meal B. teenagers may help you to make a plan of a family meal C. teenagers may show no interest in your plan of a family meal D. teenagers may refuse to help you to make a plan of a family meal 13. According to the article, which should NOT be done by parents? A. Forming a healthful eating habit themselves. B. Forcing kids to have vegetables. C. Stocking up on some fruits at home. D. Making meal plans with kids. 14. The best way for parents to encourage a healthy diet is ________. A. to be a good example B. to eat healthy snacks C. to have family meals D. to get kids included 15. What’s the best title for the passage? A. How to eat healthily. B. How to grow up healthily. C. Help kids form healthful eating habits. D. Help kids know what a healthful meal is. (4) While drunken driving may be on the decline, traffic safety experts remain baffled over how to cope with another alcohol-related hazard: drunken pedestrians ( 步行者) . Pedestrians struck and killed by cars often are extremely drunk. In fact, they are intoxicated more frequently—and with higher blood-alcohol levels— than drunken drivers who are killed in accidents, various studies have shown. Forty percent of adult pedestrians involved in fatal crashes have a blood-alcohol level of at least 0.10—which by law in most states signifies intoxication— compared to only 25 percent of drivers in deadly accidents, according to recent federal data. Some types of pedestrian accidents have been declining nationally, especially those involving children, but the number of adult pedestrians who are drunk when killed in traffic has remained relatively steady at 2,500 a year. The total number of pedestrians killed annually in U. S. traffic accidents is at least 7,000 or one of every seven highway deaths. Pedestrian accidents have not received enough attention in the past, according to Kay Colpitts, 6 who chairs a board's committee on pedestrians. Few methods exist to monitor walking habits, she said, and researchers have been mystified about how to prevent mishaps. Studies have revealed some of the causes, which range from a lack of adult supervision for many children involved in accidents to long delays in traffic signals that may encourage jaywalking, speakers said at a meeting. The most challenging problem, however, is alcohol. Some researchers suspect that part of the problem, ironically, may be former drunken drivers whose licenses were suspended and who now are walking. Other researchers, emphasizing the larger social problem of alcohol abuse in general, say many drunken pedestrians are poor alcoholics who often face lonely deaths—and not only on highways. 11. Which of the following would be the best title for the Passage? A. Traffic Safety. B. Drunken Drivers. C. Drunken Pedestrian Accidents. D. A Severe Highway Safety Problem. 12. Among the causes of walkers' accidents, the most serious problem is______. A. long delays in traffic signals that may make people cross streets without paying attention to traffic rules B. alcohol C. a lack of adult keeping eyes on many children involved in accidents D. former drunken drivers whose licenses are not allowed to use for a time 13. According to recent federal data, drunken drivers in deadly accidents______. A. are 15 percent less than drunken adult walkers B. are 2,500 a year C. are at least 7,000 in US traffic accidents D. make up one-seventh of highway deaths 14. It can be inferred from the Passage that pedestrian accidents have remained relatively high because______. A. walking accidents have not received enough attention in the past B. few methods exist to confine walking habits C. researchers find it difficult to work out ways to prevent unlucky accidents D. all of the above 15. The Passage was most probably written by a specialist in______. A. town planning B. social history C. traffic system D. traffic safety (5) There’s a dark little joke exchanged by educators with a humorous touch: Rip Van Winkle awakens in the 21st century after a hundred-year sleep and is, of course, utterly bewildered by what he sees. Men and women dash about, talking to small metal devices pinned to their ears. Airports, hospitals, shopping malls—every place Rip goes just puzzles him. But when he finally walks into a schoolroom, the old man knows exactly where he is. “This is a school,” he declares. “We used to have these back in 1906. Only now the blackboards are green.” American schools aren’t exactly frozen in time, but considering the pace of change in other areas of life, our public schools tend to feel like throwbacks. Kids spend much of the day as their great-grandparents once did: sitting in rows, listening to teachers’ lecture, scribbling notes by hand, 7 reading from textbooks that are out-of-date by the time they are printed. A yawning gap separates the world inside the schoolhouse from the world outside. For the past five years, the national conversation on education has focused on reading scores, math tests and closing the “achievement gap” between social classes. This is not a story about that conversation. This is a story about the big public conversation that will ultimately determine not merely whether some fraction of our children get “left behind” but also whether an entire generation of kids will fail to make the grade in the global economy because they can’t think their way, through abstract problems, work in teams, distinguish good information from bad or speak a language other than English. This week the conversation will burst onto the front page, when a non-party commission of Education Secretaries and business, government and other education leaders, releases a blueprint for rethinking American education from pre-K to 12 and beyond to better prepare students to thrive in the global economy. While that report includes some controversial proposals, there is nonetheless a remarkable consensus among educators and business and policy leaders on one key conclusion: we need to bring what we teach and how we teach into the 21st century. 21. The author tells us the story of Rip Van Winkle in order to _______. A. call our attention to the fast scientific development in public places B. inform us of the humorous old man how has a century-long sleep C. show us the contrast of changes between the world outside school and inside D. tell us that some old people just cannot keep up with the times 22. According to the passage, what is true about the American schools? A. They change slowly compared with other areas. B. The lectures given there often send kids yawning. C. They are exactly the same as a century ago. D. There are both young kids and grandparent students. 23. What does the national conversation on education seem to be concerned about? A. The young people’s reading and mathematic skills. B. The closing of the “achievement gap” between social classes. C. The young generation’s future success in world economy. D. The young kids’ ability to speak a second language. 24. When the author says “the conversation will burst onto the front page”, he means that ______. A. the conversation will become popular all over the country B. a blueprint for rethinking American education will be issued C. newspapers will print the conversation on their first pages D. the issue will become the focus of public attention 25. What is agreed upon between educators and business and government leaders according to the passage? A. Rethinking American primary and secondary education. B. Updating the teaching material and teaching method. C. Focusing on the changes of education from pre-K to 12. D. Closing the yawning gap between the schoolhouse and the world outside. PART IV TRANSLATION (40minutes, 20 points) 8 Section A Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II. I.Q. test scores are not as important as once believed. Long-term studies show that the scores may vary considerably over a person’s lifetime, and their value as predictors of success in school has been vastly overrated. According to recent studies, I.Q. accounts for only about 35 to 45 percent of the variation in students’ academic performance. More than half still remains unexplained. Moreover, studies demonstrate that success in school is a poor predictor of success in later life. New research also indicates that reasoning ability, an aspect of intelligence that I.Q. tests do measure, can be trained in ways that help students do better in school. Experimental preschool programs have helped raise the scholastic ability of slum children, for example. And psychologists Arthur and Linda Shaw Whimbey assert that any healthy person can learn abstract reasoning skills. They have helped college students make better grades through a training program described in their book Intelligence Can Be Taught. Large vocabularies, which are learned, usually correlate with high scores on I.Q. tests, as does reading comprehension, a skill stressed in I.Q. training programs. Section B Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II. 今天在美国生活着几百万华人，他们的祖先大多数来自中国的东南部。尽管这些美籍华人已 离开故土数十年，但仍然保持着中国古老文化的诸多特色，如:他们的家庭纽带依然十分牢 固，家庭成员之间在精神上相互支持，必要的时候在经济上也相互帮助。他们为继承和发扬 中华民族重视教育、努力工作、谋求发展等美德而感到骄傲。正是这些优良传统使他们的后 代中许多人成为非常成功的医生、律师及其他专业人员。 PART V WRITING (30 minutes, 15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “The Effects of Mobile Phone on interpersonal relationship” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words in your essay. Key for reference: Part I BBAAA BAABB DCBAA BCBAA CCDBA Part II C A D B A C D B A D C B A D C Part III CDCCD BBACC ACBAC CBADD CACDB Part IV English to Chinese 智商测试的分数并不象以前所认为的那样重要。长期研究表明，在人的一生中，智商数 可能有很大的变化。若用智商预测今后学业成功与否，那就过高地估计了它的价值。根据最 近的研究，在学生的学业成绩中，智商所起的作用仅占约 35% ,45%。其它方面所起到的一 半以上的作用还无法解释。此外，研究还显示在学校的成功并不能预示今后生活的成功。 新的研究还表明，推理能力这一智商测试所测量的一个方面能够象帮助学生在学校取得 好成绩一样，对其进行训练。例如，实验性的学前 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 有助于提高贫民区儿童的学习能力。 心理学家阿塞和韦姆贝认为，任何健康的人都可以学会抽象的推理技能。他们通过如在他们 9 所著的<<智力是能教会的一书中所描述的一种训练计划，帮助大学生取得了较好的成绩。通 过学习获得大量的词汇，通常与智商测试的高分相关，这一点与阅读理解力一样，也是智商 训练计划中强调的一项技能。 Chinese to English Several millions of Chinese live in the United States today. Most of their ancestors were from Southeast China. Although these Chinese Americans have been away from their motherland for ages, they retain aspects of the ancient Chinese culture, such as family ties which are still remarkably strong, family members’ mutual help and support morally as well as economically when necessary. They are proud that they have been carrying on and forward virtues of the Chinese nation, that is, regard for education, hard work and advancement. It is these good traditions that enable many of their descendants to succeed in becoming doctors, lawyers and other professionals. Part V Writing 10