英语试题及答案

精选文库PAGEPAGE3—I.ReadingComprehensionPassageOneIfleadership,basicallyspeaking,consistsofgettingthingsdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothecharismatic(有魅力的)andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopletocompromise,dissent,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,enlistpeerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarelikethemaswellasthosewholikethem.Soit’sworththetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It’ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandexplicitly.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydohaverespectforexperts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit’sscarce;itfollows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.1.Manyexecutivesthinkthat________.A)theydon’thavetoacquiretheskillsofpersuasionB)theyhavemasteredtheskillsofpersuasionC)itisimpossibleforthemtohandlepersuasionD)persuasionisofnouse2.Thepsychologists’researchshowsthat________.A)persuasionisbeyondaveragepeople’sgraspB)persuasioncanbelearnedC)peopletendtoignoretheimportanceofpersuasionD)peoplearebornwiththeabilitytopersuade3.Accordingtothepassage,peoplearelesswillingtoworktogetherwith________.A)thosewhoaredifferentfromthemB)theirrelativesandfriendsC)thosewholikethemD)theirclassmatesandteachers4.Theauthorwarnsthemanager________.A)tohaveanypromisemadebyotherswrittendownB)nottobreaktheirpromisesC)tomakepromisesexplicitlyandwillinglyD)tohelppeoplekeeptheirpromises5.Theexecutivescanstrengthentheirposition________.A)eveniftheydon’thaveanyexpertiseB)iftheyknowsomethingunknowntotheirsubordinatesC)iftheyhavemorecommoditiesD)eveniftheydon’tknowhowtopersuadePassageTwoTradesecretescovereverythingthatpatentscover,andmuchmore.Atradesecretisknowledge,whichmayincludebusinessknowledgeortechnicalknowledge,thatiskeptsecretforthepurposeofgaininganadvantageinbusinessoverone’scompetitors.Customerlists,sourcesofsupplyofscarcematerial,orsourcesofsupplywithfasterdeliveryorlowerpricesmaybetradesecrets.Certainly,secretprocesses,formulas,techniques,manufacturingknow-how,advertisingschemes,marketingprograms,andbusinessplansareallprotectable.Thereisnostandardofinventiontomeetasthereiswithapatent.Iftheideaisnewinthiscontext,ifitissecretwithrespecttothisparticularindustryorproduct,thenitcanbeprotectedasatradesecret.Unlikepatents,trademarks,andcopyrights,thereisnoformalprocedureforobtainingtradesecretprotection.Protectionisestablishedbythenatureofthesecretandtheefforttokeepitsecret.Atradesecretisprotectedeternallyagainstdisclosurebyallthosewhohavereceiveditinconfidenceandallwhowouldobtainitbytheftforaslongastheknowledgeorinformationiskeptsecret.Incontrasttopatentprotection,therearenostatutory(法定的)requirementsfornoveltyorrestrictionsonthesubjectmatter.Thedisadvantageoftradesecretscomparedwithpatentsisthatthereisnoprotectionagainstdiscoverybyfairmeans,suchasaccidentaldisclosureandindependentinventions.Manyimportantinventions,suchasthelaserandtheairplane,weredevelopedmoreorlesssimultaneouslybydifferentpersons.Tradesecretprotectionwouldnotpermitthefirstinventortopreventthesecondandsubsequentinventorsfromexploitingtheinventionasapatentwould.6.Comparedwithpatents,tradesecrets________.A)areeasiertoprotectB)shouldmeetcertainstandardofinventionC)needstatutorysupportD)coveralargerscope7.________isatradesecret.A)MinMcDonaldB)AnemploymentcontractC)AManualofVolkswagonD)Formula8.Theprotectionof________becomeseffectivewithoutanyformalprocedure.A)tradesecretsB)patentsC)copyrightsD)trademarks9.Atradesecretdoesn’thavetobesomething________.A)novelB)uniqueC)complicatedD)useful10.Unlikepatents,________.A)tradesecretscanbeobtainedbyothersillegallyII.VocabularyandStructure11.Evennow,WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)specialistsarenotcompletelysurethatthecoronavirus(冠状病毒),whichtheyhaveidentifiedinpatients,isthesolecause,andtherearemany_____featuresaboutthemethodoftransmission.A)intriguingB)shinyC)puzzlingD)aggressive12.InthesummerJimandIhavebreakfastoutonthe_____.A)avenueB)cabinC)openD)patio13.Thetroopswereina(n)_____position,completelyexposedtoattackfromtheair.A)remarkableB)graveC)vulnerableD)indispensable14.Hecamebacktothetentverylateand_____inassilentlyashecould.A)creptB)skiedC)flutteredD)wandered15.Allthepathsacrossthepark_____atthemaingate.A)convergeB)transformC)departD)diverge16.Itissurprisingsuchacriminalshould_____agreatscholar.A)passforB)regardasC)singleoutD)boastas17.Thisnationhasdefeatedtyrants,_____deathcampsandraisedthislampoflibertytoeverycaptiveland.A)overseenB)enforcedC)liberatedD)unsung18.Be_____.Ourcountryisstrong.Andourcauseisevenlargerthanourcountry.Oursisthecauseofhumandignity:freedomguidedbyconscience,andguardedbypeace.A)diligentB)preparedC)capableD)confident19.Thatstoryhastoomanygapsinitto_____.A)makesenseB)makeitC)makelikeD)makeover20.TheBushadministrationsaysthetaxcutswillgivetheU.S.economyandtheworldeconomyabadlyneededboostandthefastergrowthwillhelplowerU.S._____deficitsinthecomingyears.A)tariffB)statisticsC)budgetD)existence21.ThedevelopmentandresearchofTMD(ThreatMissileDefenceSystem)doesnot_____thetrendofthetimes.A)resultinB)gowithC)standupD)headfor22.Insurancecompaniesblamerisingmedicalbillsforhigh_____costs.A)policyB)painfulC)householdD)guarantee23.AdherencetotheprincipleofoneChinaisthebasisand_____forpeacefulreunification.A)premiseB)settlementC)commitmentD)arrangement24.J.PMorganCanadasaidthespreadoftheSARSviruscouldslashupto1.5_____pointsoffApril-JunegrowthinCanada.A)percentageB)undergrowthC)commitmentD)recovery25.RecentlyIwasvisitedbyaverygoodfriendwhohadjustreturnedfromalongwalkinthewoods,andIaskedherwhatshehadobserved.“Nothing_____,”shereplied.A)asaresultB)inparticularC)onbalanceD)atthatpoint26.You’vegotsomethinginyoureye–try_____youreyesafewtimes.A)orbitingB)blinkingC)sprayingD)diverging27.Hispersistentmoaningabouthispersonalproblemshasbeenreally_____melately.A)buggingB)enforcingC)transformingD)compelling28.Thefactoryworkersallstarworkingat8:00a.m.and_____at3:00p.m.A)headforB)takeoffC)closeinD)knockoff29.TheU.S.HouseofRepresentativespassedabillthismonthmakingonlinegamblingafederalcrime.Criticsoftheindustrysaythecrackdownis_____.A)onasmallscaleB)atriskC)onthelatchD)longoverdue30.Theparentssaidtheywouldonnoaccount_____intheironlychildthesmallestdegreeofarrogance.A)authorizeB)convergeC)recommendD)adoptIII.Cloze(10%)Theexpression“lameduck”,canbeheardinalmostanyAmericantownorcity,especiallywherepeoplediscusspolitics.Mostoften,theyuseitto_31_apoliticianwhohascometotheendofhispower–aCongressman,forexample,whohasafewmoreweeksinofficeandwill_32_beoutofajob.Thereareanumberofideas_33_where“lameduck”camefrom,_34_thepictureisclearenough–aduckthathasitswingsclipped,oritsweb-feetinjured,andcan_35_walkorwaddlelikeahealthyone.ThetermseemstohavecreptintotheAmericanlanguagesometimeafterthe_36_warof1861-1865.Oneexplanationisthatitcamefromthelanguageofhunterswhofeltthatitwasfoolishto_37_powderortimeonadeadduck.Andalameduck–evenasittingduck–iscloseto_38_adeadduck.Anotherexplanation,however,saysthattheexpressioncame_39_England.Thereitwasusedtodescribeamanwholostallhis_40_instocks,wascleanedoutandcouldnotpayhisdebts.Hecouldnonothing_41_waddleofflikealameduck.And–sothestorygoes–peopleshowed_42_mercyforthepoorfellow.ButintheUnitedStatespeopletookthephrasetodescribeacongressmanwho_43_togetreelectedbutstillhadalittletimeleftinofficeuntilhissuccessorwasswornin.Intime,theexpressionwasusedinabroader_44_,generallydescribinganyman_45_daysofpowerwerecomingtoanend.IthasoftenbeenusedtodescribethepositionofanAmericanpresidentinthelasttwoyearsorsoofhissecond_46_.Itisadifficulttimeforhim,whenCongressisreadyto_47_himateveryturn.ItmayrefusetoworkwithhimsimplybecausehisdaysintheWhiteHousearenumbered._48_sunissetting.Itisnotahappytime.Itislikeoldagecomingon.Andpeople,likeanimals,arecrueltolameducks,readyto_49_themout.Theireyesarealreadyturnedtowardthenewleader,thenewmanin_50_.31.A)promoteB)judgeC)rewardD)describe32.A)thenB)alsoC)thusD)already33.A)ontoB)aboveC)toD)asto34.A)forB)sinceC)althoughD)once35.A)usuallyB)nolongerC)ofcourseD)still36.A)nationalB)wordC)civilD)country37.A)saveB)wasteC)utilizeD)consume38.A)beB)pretendingC)beingD)taming39.A)toB)outofC)acrossD)from40.A)moneyB)salaryC)treasureD)property41.A)elseB)andC)butD)except42.A)muchB)littleC)theirD)some43.A)usedB)failedC)attemptedD)wasasked44.A)senseB)zonesC)rangeD)respect45.A)whenB)ofwhichC)ofhowD)whose46.A)termB)timeC)substituteD)stage47.A)identifyB)lodgeC)preferD)oppose48.A)HisB)TheirC)ItsD)The49.A)holdB)hintC)driveD)find50.A)useB)commandC)prejudiceD)preferenceI.ReadingComprehension1-10CBAABDDAAAII.VocabularyandStructure11-30CDCAAACDACBAAABBADDACloze31-50DADCBCBCDACBBADADACBSeetheWorldItisquitevitalforuniversitystudentstoseethesociety.Havingstayedintheivorytowerforovertenyearstolearnalotoftheoreticalknowledgefromtextbooks,thestudentsstillfeelbewilderedassoonastheystepoutofthecampus.Itistimetheygottoknowtheworldoutsidethecampusrightnow.fortunately,thesocietyhasofferedthemvariousopportunitiestopracticewhattheyhavelearnedinschool.Theycanlearntocooperatewithothersandtocontributetheirknowledgetothesociety.Oneofmyfriendsoncemanagedtofindapart-timejoboftutoringagirlof8.Throughthisexperience,hehaslearnedhowtodealwithpeopleandhowtodedicatehislovetopeoplewhoareinneedofit.Consequently,hecanalwaysbereadywhenconfrontedwithachancetoknowtheworldforhehasreallybenefitedalotfromit.ExaminationManyargumentsexistabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofanexam.Somestudentscomplainthattheirteachershavegiventhemtoomanyexamsandtheyhavelittlesparetimewhereasteachersholdittruethatsomeoftheirstudentsdonotworkhardonlybecausetheydonothavefrequentexaminations.Theexaminationscanshowwhatandhowmuchastudenthasmastered.Itisfairlyevidentthatateacherpreferstogivehisstudentsatestafterhehasfinishedteachingaunit.Onthepartofateacher,hecanfindhowwellhisstudentshavegraspedintheunitlearning.Onthepartofthestudents,theycanlearnwhataspectstheyfailtomasterandshouldpaymoreattentiontolater.Therefore,examinations,ifgivenatreasonableintervals,canbenefitboththeteachersandthestudents.Fromexaminations,teacherscanfigureoutwhatpointstheyhavemissedinteachingandmustworkhardtoimproveandthestudentscanalsofocustheirconcentrationontheirweakness.Children’sBooksDifferentbooksaredesignedfordifferentpeople.Picturebooksareusuallyforbabiesandchildren.Lovestoriesandnovelsarewrittenmainlyforyoungpeople.Bookswithsuchpurposesashealthandmedicalcarearewelcometooldpeople.Childrenarenotsupposedtoreadallkindofbooks.Owingtoaratherlimitedexperienceoftheworld,theyarenotoldenoughtotellgoodfrombadorrightfromwrong.Itisnoteasyforchildrentoresistthetemptationtocommitasexcrimeiftheyareexposedtoooftentothebookswithmuchdescriptionofsexandviolence.Properguidanceishelpfultoyoungpeople,especiallytoteenagers.Childrenwhoreceiveproperinstructionsfromparentsandteachersabouttheirsparetimereadingwillbemostlikelytoliveinharmonywithneighborsandsocialvalues.Thosewhoarenotproperlyguidedmaypossiblybepuzzledandgrowuptobetroublemakers.WhoShouldHavetheSay?ItisquitecommonfortheparentstomakeallthedecisionsfortheirchildinChina.Theychooseschoolsfortheirchild.Theydecideonthechild’sclothing,timetableandevencompany.Aftertheirchild’sgraduation,theparentstendtopickupajob,perhapsaspouse,tosomeextreme,fortheirchild.Havingnosayathomehindersachildfrommakingwayintheworld.Theparentscannotstaywiththeirchildandmakedecisionsoneverythingfrohimallthetime.Theparentshavingallsayfortheirchildwillmakehimdevelopapassiveanddependenthabit,whichwilldohimmoreharmthangoodintheirfuturecareer.Tolearntobeindependentisessentialforeverychild.Aftergraduation,achildhastobefacedwithalltheproblemshemayencounter,suchasjob-hunting.Hewillbuildupafamilyofhisownandhasababy.Therefore,givingadvicetoratherthanmakingdecisionsforthechildismorerealistic.