u3script&key

Unit3SectionOneTacticsforListeningPart1SpotDictationWildlifeScriptListentothepassageandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.Everytenminutes,onekindofanimal,plantorinsectdiesoutforever.Ifnothingisdoneaboutit,onemillionspeciesthatarealivetodaywillhavebecomeextincttwentyyearsfromnow.Theseasareindanger.Theyarebeingfilledwithpoison:industrialandnuclearwaste,chemicalfertilisersandpesticides,sewage.Ifnothingisdoneaboutit,onedaysoonnothingwillbeabletoliveintheseas.Thetropicalrainforests,whicharethehomeofhalftheearth’slivingthingsarebeingdestroyed.Ifnothingisdoneaboutit,theywillhavenearlydisappearedintwentyyears.Theeffectontheworld’sclimate—andonouragricultureandfoodsupplies—willbedisastrous.Fortunately,somebodyistryingtodosomethingaboutit.In1961,theWorldWildlifeFund*wasfounded—asmallgroupofpeoplewhowantedtoraisemoneytosaveanimalsandplantsfromextinction.Today,theWorldWildlifeFundisalargeinternationalorganization.Ithasraisedover￡35millionforconservationprojects,andhascreatedorgivensupporttoNationalParksinfivecontinents.Ithashelped30mammalsandbirds—includingthetiger—tosurvive.Key(Refertothetapescript.)Part2ListeningforGistScriptListentothedialogueandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.Mrs.Bates:Hello.IsthatReceptionReception:Yes,madam.Mrs.Bates:ThisisMrs.Bates.Room504.Isentsomeclothestothelaundrythismorning,twoofmyhusband’sshirtsandthreeofmyblouses.Butthey’renotbackyet.Yousee,we’releavingearlytomorrowmorning.Reception:Justamoment,madam.I’llputyouthroughtothehousekeeper.Housekeeper:Hello.Housekeeper.Mrs.Bates:Oh,hello.Thisis...I’mphoningfromRoom504.It’saboutsomeclothesIsenttothelaundrythismorning.They’renotbackyetandyousee...Housekeeper:Theyare,madam.You’llfindtheminyourwardrobe.They’reinthetopdrawerontheleft.Mrs.Bates:Oh,Ididn’tlookinthewardrobe.Thankyouverymuch.Sorrytotroubleyou.Housekeeper:That’squiteallright.Goodbye.Mrs.Bates:Goodbye.Key1.Thisdialogueisaboutmakinganinquiryaboutthelaundry.2.Thekeywordsarereception,laundry,shirts,blouses,wardrobe.SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1WordsandMessageGenderEqualityScriptA.Listentosomesentencesorshortparagraphsandwritethemainideaofeachoftheminonesentence.Youwillheareachsentenceorparagraphonlyonce.1.Clickingthroughthechannels,youmightnotseemanyAsiansreportingontheeveningnews,eventhoughthey’rethefastestgrowingsegmentofthe.population.2.Iftheworldclosedthegendergapinworkforceparticipation,globalGrossDomesticProductwouldincreaseby28trilliondollarsby2025.That’saboutaquarteroftheworld’scurrentGDP,andalmosthalfoftheworld’scurrentdebt.Studieshavefoundthatcountrieswithlessgenderinequalityaremoresecure,andpeaceagreementslastlongerwhenwomenareatthenegotiatingtable.3.Genderequalitysometimeslookslikeanimpossibletask—apursuitwithoutanend.Butwecanmakeprogress,andthatprogressisworthmaking.Littlebylittle,discussionbydiscussion,stepbystep,wecanimprovethelivesofwomenandgirls,menandboysallaroundtheworld.Andindoingso,wecanreachoursharedgoalsofpeace,prosperity,andsecurity.B.Listentotheshortparagraphagain.Youwillheartheparagraphtwice.Forthefirstreading,youwillhearthesentencesinsmallsections.Writethemdownwhilelistening.Andforthesecondreadingcheckyouranswers.GenderequalitysometimeslookslikeanimpossibletaskNowlistentotheparagraphagain.KeyA1.Asiansareignoredbypopularmedia,eventhoughthey’rethefastestgrowingsegmentofthe.population.2.Genderequalityhaspowerfulpotentialtoimprovetheeconomyandsecurity.3.Genderequalitysometimeslookslikeanimpossibletask,butwecanmakeprogress.B(Refertothetapescript.)Part2DialogueGlobalWarmingScriptA.Listentothedialogueanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).A:Onourprogrammethisafternoonwe’regoingtobetalkingaboutasubjectthathasbeengettingalotofattentionrecently—andthatisglobalwarming.Foryearsnow,somescientistshavebeenwarningusaboutglobalwarming.ButjusthowseriousistheproblemandwhatcanwedotopreventthesituationfromgettingworseWithusthismorning,wehaveDr.Stokesfromtheweatheroffice.Firstofall,Dr.Stokes,whatcausesglobalwarmingB:Well,basicallyglobalwarmingiscausedbyanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Carbondioxideisratherlikeagiantblanketaroundtheearth,anditkeepstheheatintheatmosphere.IftheamountofCO2intheairdoubled,forexample,theearth’stemperaturewouldrisebyabout2degreesCentigrade,or4degreesFahrenheit.A:Thatdoesn’tsoundlikemuch.B:No,itdoesn’t.Butitwouldbeenoughtomeltthepolaricecaps.Thiswouldraisesealevelsbyabout60metresor200feet,whichinturnwouldbeenoughtodrowncoastalcitieslikeNewYork,BombayandLondon.A:Isee.Thatisfrightening.Well,isittruetosaythatwe’vealreadystartedtoseechangesintheworld’sweatherB:Oh,yes.ThedroughtsinAfrica,forexample.Andunlessweactnow,moreandmorepeoplewillstarvebecausetheircroplandshavebecomedeserts.A:Whatdoyoumeanby“unlessweactnow”WhatcanwedoB:Well,firstofall,letmesaythatevenifwestarttomakechangesnow,wemaynotbeabletoreverseallthedamage.Forexample,Ithinkthattheweatherinsomepartsoftheworldhasbeenchangedforever.Butunlesswecanreducetheamountofcarbondioxidegoingintotheatmosphere,we’regoingtohaveevenmoreseriousproblems.A:AndhowcanwedothatB:Well,tobeginwith,wehaveto...B.Listentoanextractfromthedialogueandcompletethefollowingsentenceswiththemissingwords.A:Thatdoesn’tsoundlikemuch.B:No,itdoesn’t.Butitwouldbeenoughtomeltthepolaricecaps.Thiswouldraisesealevelsbyabout60metresor200feet,whichinturnwouldbeenoughtodrowncoastalcitieslikeNewYork,BombayandLondon.KeyAF1.Globalwarminghascaughtthepublicattentionforalongtime.T2.Somescientistshavebeenwarningthepublicaboutglobalwarmingforalongtime.T3.Globalwarmingiscausedbytheincreaseofcarbondioxideemissionintotheatmosphere.T4.Carbondioxidekeepstheheatintheatmosphere.F5.A2degreeCentigradeincreaseoftheearth’stemperaturewouldbeenoughtoraisesealevelsbyabout6metres.T6.ThedroughtsinAfricaarealsoasignofglobalwarming.T7.Wemayreversesomedamageifweactnow.F8.Evenifwestarttomakechangesnow,we’regoingtohaveevenmoreseriousproblems.BA:Thatdoesn’tsoundlikemuch.B:No,itdoesn’t.Butitwouldbeenoughtomeltthepolaricecaps.Thiswouldraisesealevelsbyabout60metresor200feet,whichinturnwouldbeenoughtodrowncoastalcitieslikeNewYork,BombayandLondon.Part3PassageTheClydeRiverScriptC．Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.1.Salmonareverysensitivetoenvironmentalconditionsandrequirecool,well-oxygenatedwatertothrive.2.Theclosureoffactoriesthathadpouredtoxinsandotherpollutantsintotheriverboostedwaterqualitysignificantlyandmodernsewageprocessingplantshelpedeliminatesomeofthefoulsmells.3.Theriver’sdepthandnavigabilityhelpedmakeGlasgowanimportantcenterforimportingtobacco,sugarandcottonfromtheAmericasstartinginthe1600s.4.ThemillsandfactoriesthatlinedtheClydemadesteel,textilesandchemicals,tannedleatherandevenproducedcandyandbrewedalcohol.5.Whenthefactoriesbegantocloseinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,working-classGlasgow,Scotland’slargestcity,gainedareputationforsocialdeprivationandroughstreets.D．Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsyouwillhear.RunningthroughoneofBritain’sbiggestmanufacturingcenters,Glasgow*,theClydeRiver*waspoisonedformorethanacenturybythefetid*byproductsofindustry.ThewaterwayborethebruntofGlasgow’seconomicsuccessduringtheIndustrialRevolution*andbeyond,aspollutionandchemicalsdestroyeditsfishandwildlifepopulationsandbrewedsmellswhosememorystillmakesresidentswince*.Now,withheavyindustrygoneandGlasgowreconceivedasacenterforcultureandtourism,theClydeiscomingbacktolife.Forthefirsttimesincethelate1800s,itsnativesalmonhavereturnedinsizablenumbers,reflectingthenewcleanlinessofariverthatwasonceoneofBritain’sfilthiest.TheClydeRiverFoundationsurveyedfishpopulationslastautumnat69sitesintheClydeanditstributaries,andfoundsalmoninsevenoftheninemajortributaries.Themigratoryfish,whichvanishedfromtheClydearound1880afteralongdecline,firstreappearedinthe1980s,butlastyear’ssurveywasthefirsttoshowthey’vecomebackinhealthynumbers.AlthoughcommercialsalmonfishingwasneverwidespreadontheClyde,thefish’sreturnissymbolicallyimportantforGlasgow,wheresalmonwereoncesoimportanttothecity’sidentitythattwoarepicturedonitsofficialcoatofarms.Thesalmon’scomebackisalsoasignofbigimprovementstowaterquality.Likeseatrout,whichhavealsoreappearedintheClydesysteminrecentyears,salmonareverysensitivetoenvironmentalconditionsandrequirecool,well-oxygenated*watertothrive.ThedeclineofGlasgow’smainindustrieshelpedboostthefortunesofariverthatwasessentiallyfishlessfordecadesduringtheworstperiodsofpollution.Theclosureoffactoriesthathadpouredtoxins*andotherpollutantsintotheriverboostedwaterqualitysignificantly.Environmentalregulatorsalsotighteneddumpingrules,andmodernsewageprocessingplantshelpedeliminatesomeofthefoul*smellsthatoncetainted*theair.WithworriesrisingabouttheenvironmentalimpactofenormousfishfarmselsewhereinScotlandandseverelydepletedfishstocksintheNorthSeaandNorthAtlantic,theClydecomebackisararebitofgoodnewsforScotland’sfishlovers.SincetheareathatisnowGlasgowwasfirstsettledaroundtheyear550,theClydehasbeencentraltoitshistory.Theriver’sdepthandnavigabilityhelpedmakeGlasgowanimportantcenterforimportingtobacco,sugarandcottonfromtheAmericasstartinginthe1600s.Later,duringtheIndustrialRevolutionthatbeganinthelate1700s,GlasgowbecameacenterofBritishshipbuildingandoneofthecountry’sgreatmanufacturingcenters.ThemillsandfactoriesthatlinedtheClydemadesteel,textilesandchemicals,tannedleatherandevenproducedcandyandbrewedalcohol.Whenthefactoriesbegantocloseinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,working-classGlasgow,Scotland’slargestcity,gainedareputationforsocialdeprivation*androughstreets.Morerecently,itsartmuseumsandnightlifehavehelpeddriveaneconomiccomebackthathasturnedthecityintoapopulartouristdestination.Questions:1.HowlonghadtheClydeRiverbeenpoisonedbythefetidbyproductsofindustry2.WhathappenedtotheClydeRiverduringtheIndustrialRevolutionandbeyond3.Whendidthenativesalmonappearinsizablenumberslasttime4.WhatwastheresultoftheClydeRiverFoundation’ssurveyonfishpopulationslastautumn5.Whendidsalmoncomeinhealthynumbers6.Whyisthesalmon’scomebacksymbolicallyimportantforGlasgow7.WhyistheClydeimportanttoGlasgow8.WhathasGlasgowbecomenowE．Listentothepassageagain.Takenotesandcompletethefollowingpassage.KeyA1.a2.d3.e4.c5.bBRiversareimportanttohumansbecausetheysupplyfreshdrinkingwater,serveashomeforfishes,andprovidetransportationroutes.C(Refertothetapescript.)D1.A2.C3.C4.C5.D6.C7.B8.AEDuringtheBritishIndustrialRevolutionthatbeganinthelate1700s,GlasgowbecameoneofBritain’sbiggestmanufacturingcenters.AstheClydeRiverrunsacrossGlasgow,andwaslinedwiththemillsandfactoriesthatmadesteel,textilesandchemicals,tannedleather,andthatevenproducedcandyandbrewedalcohol,itwasheavilypollutedformorethanacenturybythefetidbyproductsofindustry.Salmon,oncesoimportanttothecity’sidentity,vanishedfromtheClydeRiveraround1880afteralongdecline.However,whenthefactoriesbegantocloseinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,Glasgowhadachancetodevelopintoacenterforcultureandtourism.Sincemoreartmuseumswerebuiltandnightlifehelpedtodriveaneconomicrevival,theClydeRiverhasalsobeencomingbacktolife.F1.Now,withheavyindustrygoneandGlasgowreconceivedasacenterforcultureandtourism,theClydeiscomingbacktolife.2.Themigratoryfish,whichvanishedfromtheClydearound1880afteralongdecline,firstreappearedinthe1980s,butlastyear’ssurveywasthefirsttoshowthey’vecomebackinhealthynumbers.3.WithworriesrisingabouttheenvironmentalimpactofenormousfishfarmselsewhereinScotlandandseverelydepletedfishstocksintheNorthSeaandNorthAtlantic,theClydecomebackisararebitofgoodnewsforScotland’sfishlovers.4.Morerecently,itsartmuseumsandnightlifehavehelpeddriveaneconomiccomebackthathasturnedthecityintoapopulartouristdestination.Part4NewsNewsItem1POPsScriptA．Listentothenewsitemandcompletethefollowingsentences.Afteratenseall-nightsession,officialsfrom150governmentshaveagreedtobantheproductionofnineoftheworld’smosthazardouschemicals.Thesesubstancesjoinalistof12otherso-calledPersistentOrganicPollutants,orPOPs,thatareprohibitedundera2001internationaltreatyknownastheStockholmConvention.Theweek-longmeetingwasheldundertheauspicesoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram.UNEnvironmentProgramExecutiveDirectorAchimSteinercallstheagreementhistoric.HesaystheninechemicalsthathavejoinedthelistofPersistentOrganicPollutants,areextremelyharmfultotheenvironmentandtohealth.Thenewlytargetedchemicalsincludeproductsthatarewidelyusedinpesticidesandflame-retardants*,andinanumberofothercommercialuses,suchasatreatmentforheadlice*.TheseninetoxicchemicalswilljointheStockholmConvention*’soriginallistof12PersistentOrganicPollutants,referredtoasthe“dirtydozen.”Thepollutantsareespeciallydangerousbecausetheycrossboundariesandtravellongdistances,fromtheEquatortotheArctic.Theypersistintheatmosphereandtakemanyyears,oftendecades,todegrade*intolessdangerousforms.Theypose*greatriskstotheenvironmentandhumanhealth,especiallytoyoungpeople,farmers,pregnantwomenandtheunborn.B．Listentothenewsitemagainandcompletethefollowingparagraph.Thengiveabriefsummaryofthenewsitem.KeyA1.Thenewlytargetedchemicalsincludeproductsthatarewidelyusedinpesticidesandflame-retardants,andinanumberofothercommercialuses,suchasatreatmentforheadlice.2.Thepollutantscancrossboundariesandtravellongdistances,fromtheEquatortotheArctic.3.Theypersistintheatmosphereandtakemanyyears,oftendecades,todegradeintolessdangerousforms.BUNEnvironmentProgramExecutiveDirectorwelcomedtheagreementtobantheproductionofnineoftheworld’smosthazardouschemicalsthatareextremelyharmfultotheenvironmentandtohealth.Thesesubstanceswilljoinalistof12otherso-calledPersistentOrganicPollutants,orPOPS,thatareprohibitedunderaninternationaltreatyknownastheStockholmConvention.Thisnewsitemisaboutabanonnineoftheworld’smosthazardouschemicals.C1.Theweek-longmeetingwasheldundertheauspicesoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram.2.Thepollutantsposegreatriskstotheenvironmentandhumanhealth,especiallytoyoungpeople,farmers,pregnantwomenandtheunborn.NewsItem2TheGreatBarrierReefScriptA．Listentothenewsitemandcompletethefollowingsentences.ScientistshavewarnedthattheGreatBarrierReef*—whichstretchesformorethan2,500kilometersdownAustralia’snortheastcoast—islikelytobearthebruntofwarmeroceantemperatures.Amajorconcernhasbeenthebleaching*ofcoral*,wherethesensitivemarineorganismswither*underenvironmentalstresscausedbyincreasedwatertemperature,pollutionorsedimentation*.Anunexpecteddiscoveryatthesouthernendofthereefhasprovidedsomeraregoodnewsforresearchers.ResearchersfoundthatcoralintheKeppelIslands*offQueensland,whichwasdamagedbybleachingin2006andthensmothered*byseaweedthatovergrewthereef,hasmanagedtorepairitself.Expertssaytoseereefsbouncebackfrommasscoralbleachinginlessthanadecadeishighlyunusual.Likeothercoralsystems,theGreatBarrierReefisfacingarangeofenvironmentalthreats.Scientistssaytheircapacitytorecoverfromdamageinflicted*bywarmerwaters,forexample,willbecriticaltotheirfuturehealth.TheGreatBarrierReefisoneofAustralia’spremier*touristattractions.ItcoversanareabiggerthanBritainandisthelargestlivingstructureonearthandtheonlyonevisiblefromspace.B．Listentothenewsitemagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Thengiveabriefsummaryofthenewsitem.KeyA1.Amajorconcernhasbeenthebleachingofcoral,wherethesensitivemarineorganismswitherunderenvironmentalstresscausedbyincreasedwatertemperature,pollutionorsedimentation.2.ResearchersfoundthatcoralintheKeppelIslands,whichwasdamagedbybleachingin2006andthensmotheredbyseaweedthatovergrewthereef,hasmanagedtorepairitself.3.ThecapacitytorecoverfromdamageinflictedbywarmerwaterswillbecriticaltothefuturehealthoftheGreatBarrierReef.4.TheGreatBarrierReefisoneofAustralia’spremiertouristattractions.BF1.Increasedwatertemperatureistheonlyfactorthatleadstothebleachingofcoral.F2.Reefrecoverywithintenyearsisquiteusual.T3.Thecapacitytorecoverfromdamagewillbecriticaltothereef’sfuturehealth.F4.TheGreatBarrierReefcoversanareaasbigasBritainandcanbeseenfromspace.ThisnewsitemisabouttherecoveryoftheGreatBarrierReeffromdamageinflictedbyenvironmentalthreats.CScientistshavewarnedthattheGreatBarrierReefislikelytobearthebruntofwarmeroceantemperatures.SectionThreeSupplementaryExercisesPart1PassageLabProducesShape-shiftingFruitsandVegetablesScriptB．Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.1.WhatifyoucouldalterthefamiliarshapeWouldasquaretomatostillbeatomato2.Scientistsarelearninghowtochangetheshapeoffruitsandvegetablessotheycanbeharvestedorprocessedmoreefficiently,ormaybejusttoreducewasteinthekitchen.3.Peoplehavebeencross-breedingtomatoestomaketheshapestheywantforalongtime.Butthisisnotthesamething.4.Ifyoucouldgetatomatoaslongasacucumber,whereyoucouldget20or30slicesoutofit,itwouldbegreat.5.Onceweknowallthegenesresponsibleformakingdifferentshapesintomatoes,we’llhaveabetterideaofwhatcontrolstheshapeofothercrops,suchaspeppers,cucumbersandgourds.C．Listentothepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.Manyfruitsandvegetablesweknowalmostasmuchbytheirshapeasbytheircolorortaste.Bananasarelongandcurved.Onionsareround.ButwhatifyoucouldalterthefamiliarshapeWouldasquaretomatostillbeatomatoScientistsarelearninghowtochangetheshapeoffruitsandvegetablessotheycanbeharvestedorprocessedmoreefficiently,ormaybejusttoreducewasteinthekitchen.Itcanbedonetosomeextentwithtraditionalhybrid*techniques.AndaswehearfromreporterJulieGrant,itcanalsobedonebyflipping*ageneticswitch.EstervanderKnaapstepsgingerlyaroundthegreenhouse.We’reattheOhioStateAgriculturalResearchandDevelopmentCenterinWooster.VanderKnaappointsoutshort,roundtomatoes—andsomeodd-lookinglong,thinones.“That’sonegene.Onegenecanmakethatdifference.”VanderKnaap’steamdiscoveredthatgeneandisolatedit.TheycallittheSUNgene.Andthey’vebeenabletocloneitintomatoes.VanderKnaap’sresearchcouldleadtosquare-shapes—somethingshethinksthetomatoindustrymightlike.Squaretomatoesfitbetterintopackages.And,overall,squaretomatoesmightbeeasiertoworkwiththanthecommonroundtomatoes.SofarmoneyforherresearchhascomefromtheNationalScienceFoundation—notbigag.Designerfruitshapesaregainingpopularity.Peoplehavebeencross-breeding*tomatoestomaketheshapestheywantforalongtime.Butthisisnotthesamething.DickAlfordisachefandprofessorofhospitalitymanagementattheUniversityofAkron(Ohio).ThedifferencebetweenwhathisbrotherandlotsofotherfolkshavebeendoingandwhatvanderKnaapisdoingisthedifferencebetweencross-breedingandlocatingaspecificgenethataffectstheshapeoftomatoes.ChefAlfordwatchesstudentsastheycutyellowcrooknecksquashandcarrots.They’retryingtomakeuniform,symmetrical*shapesoutofcurvyandpointedvegetables.There’salotofwaste.ChefAlfordhatestoseesomuchgetthrownaway.Sohe’sgotarequestofDr.vanderKnaap.“Ifwecouldgetsquarecarrots,itwouldbegreat.Ifyoucouldgetatomatoaslongasacucumber,whereyoucouldget20or30slicesoutofit,itwouldbegreat.”Inacountrythatloveshamburgers,vanderKnaaphasheardthatrequestbefore.Butthelong,thintomatohasn’tworkedoutjustyet.Shesaysthere’smoregeneticstobestudied.“Onceweknowallthegenesresponsibleformakingdifferentshapesintomatoes,”vanderKnaapsays,“we’llhaveabetterideaofwhatcontrolstheshapeofothercrops,suchaspeppers,cucumbersandgourds*.Andmaybethenwe’llgetthosesquarecarrots.”D．Listentothepassageagain.Takenotesandcompletethefollowingpassage.KeyB(Refertothetapescript.)C1.Bananasandonions.2.Thehybridorcross-breedingtechnique.3.Thegenetictechnique.4.TheydiscoveredtheSUNgeneandmanagedtocloneitintomatoes.5.Comparedwithroundtomatoes,squaretomatoesfitintopackagesbetterandmightbeeasiertoworkwith.6.ThedifferencebetweenwhathisbrotherandlotsofotherfolkshavebeendoingandwhatvanderKnaapisdoingisthedifferencebetweencrossbreedingandlocatingaspecificgenethataffectstheshapeoftomatoes.7.There’salo