江苏省常州市西夏墅中学2012-2013学年高一英语学案：Module5 Unit1 Grammar---动词不定式与动名词（外研版必修1）
I Learning aims
1.掌握动词不定式 “to”与 “v-ing”的常规用法。
2.熟悉不定式符号 “to”的省略情况。
3.灵活运用动词不定式与动名词的时态、语态及否定形式。
4.区分一些动词后+ “to do”与 “doing”的不同意思。
5.掌握动名词复合结构的用法。
II Learning procedures
Step 1 Different functions of To-infinitive
⒈作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)把不定式置于句首。如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.
It is necessary to read English every day.
2.作宾语
① 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish。如：
I decided to ask for my money back.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.
② 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动 词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如：
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
3. 做
表
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语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作，跟在be动词后面.
①His wish is to become a lawyer. (不定式to become a lawyer在连系动词is后做表语)
② My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
③ What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
4. 作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：
The next train to arrive is from Washington. (不定式to arrive做定语，修饰名词train)
1)做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：
She had only a small room to live in.
I need a pen to write with.
2) 试比较：
Do you have anything to type? 你有什么要打印吗？（不定式to type的动作执行者是you）
Sir, do you have anything to be typed? 你有什么要（我，说活人）打印吗？（不定式to type的动作执行者是我，而不是you）
5. 作宾语补足语
一些及物动词除
要求
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按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，
说明
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宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相对完整。
(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive（强迫），encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like (love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。如：
① Would you like me to give your regards to Mary?
② I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.
(2)部分动词后常接to be＋形容词、名词短语等形式，有时to be可省略，如：believe, consider, discover, find(=consider),feel(=think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose, see(=understand), understand等。
① We all believe John(to be)honest.
② I consider him(to be)one of the best teachers of No. 1 Middle School.
(3)部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如：
You may depend on them to be there early.
The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.
常这样用的短语动词有：ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for（渴望），prepare for, wish for等。
6. 作状语
I stayed there to see what would happen. (目的状语)
有时为了强调，不定式前可加in order或so as。如：
Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it.
in order to可置于句首，但so as to不能。
I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.（结果）
Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.（结果）
I'm too tired to stay up longer.（结果）
在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished, glad, happy, laugh, pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised等。
① We are glad to hear the news.
② I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.
在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。如：The question raised by the student is difficult to answer.
The room is really comfortable to live in.
常这样用的形容词有：comfortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible等。
不定式短语还可作独立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：
To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome.
常见的短语有to be exact（确切地说），to begin with（首先），to do him justice（说句对他公道的 话），to be sure（真的）等等。
Step 2 Bare infinitive
(1)在feel, hear, listen to 等感官动词后，或在let, make, have 等使役动词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带to。 但是这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例如：
I often hear him sing the song.
She made me promise to write every day.
He is often heard to sing the song.
I was made to promise to write every day.
(2)would rather, had better和why not，why后面，不定式不带to。例如：
I would rather stay at home.
Why not come in?
(3)当两个动词不定式由and, or, than, rather than, as或like相连接时，通常第二个不定式要省略to。例如：
Do you want to go skating or see a film?
I decided to write rather than phone.
(4)不定式在介词but, except后时，若介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带to。例如：
He did nothing but point to the door.
Step 3 Different functions of V-ing
做主语
Learning without practice is no good.
动名词做主语时，也常用It句式。如：
It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…
It's no good reading in dim light.
It's no use sitting here waiting.
作宾语
① 以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，如：admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, resist, risk, give up, insist on, put off等。如：
I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.
② 动名词作介词的宾语
I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?
作表语
Our work is serving the people.
What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving the people is our work.
作定语
动名词作定语说明一种性能，即：用来……的；
This passage can be used as listening materials.
The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.
Step 4部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。
① forget to do 忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记做过某事
②remember to do 记得要做某事
remember doing 记得做过某事
③regret to do (tell, inform) 遗憾地告知、通知
regret doing 后悔做某事
④ mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着……
⑤ try to do 设法尽力做某事
try doing 试着做某事
⑥ stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）
stop doing 停止做某事
⑦ can't help doing 禁不住……
can’t help to do不能帮助干……
⑧go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事
go on doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续
部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。
如：begin, continue, start, hate, like, love, prefer等。hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。
在need, require, want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，如：Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved).
Step5 动词不定式与动名词的时态语态
形式
To
V-ing
一般式
to do/to be done
doing/being done
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done/to have been done
having done/having been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
Step 6 动名词的复合结构
带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做“动名词复合结构”，其形式有如下两种：a)名词所有格/物主代词+动名词，如：
I insist on Mary’s going there. 我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。
I had not heard of your being ill. 我没听说你病了。
b)名词通格/人称代词宾格+动名词，如：
Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened
and closed, and lessons repeated at the top of the children’s voices
could be heard out in the street.
In fact, I think it’s very much nicer without him, if you don’t mind
me saying so.
Ⅲ Homework
i Basic practice
用动词的不定式、动词ing形式填空。
1. My mother told me (turn) on the lights just now.
2. Chinese would like (make) friends with a lot of foreigners.
3. He feels like (eat) an apple
5. They asked me (thank) your mother.
5. Would you like (drink) tea or coffee ?
6 A lot of children like (swim) , because it is good for health.
7. My father was glad (see) his old friends yesterday.
8. Please ask uncle Wang (mend) the TV set.
9. When the baby heard the music, he stopped (cry) at once.
10. I am sorry (hear) the bad news
11. He wants (go) there with you.
12. We will help the farmers (grow) rice next week
13. It is time (begin) our lessons now.
14. Lots of children enjoys (listen) to music.
16. It took him one hour (finish) his homework.
17. I spent three weeks in (finish) my work.
18. What about (go) out for a walk?
19. Do you mind (open) the window?
20. He practices (speak) English every morning.
21. We are busy (get) ready for the English exam.
22. He gave up (learn) maths.
23. Will you go to the cinema (see) a film?
24. He went to the school library (borrow) some English books.
25. In winter, leaves of trees begin (turn) yellow.
26. It is the best season for (swim) in summer.
27. Let us make a contribution to (protect) our environment.
28. I am used to (get) up early
29. Remember (bring) your English books here..
30. Don’t forget (turn) off the lights when you leave.
ii Ability-improving practice
单项选择。
1. What is the way Lao Wang thought of _______ enough money to buy the house?
A. to get B. getting C. having got D. being got
2. Without fact, we can’t form a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge __________ our thinking.
A. which to be based on B. which to base on C. on which to base D. which to base
3. Tom pretended _________ it but in fact, he knew it very well.
A. not listen to B. not to hear from C. not to have heard about D. not to be listening to
4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen
5. Hearing his words, I couldn’t decide __________ or remain.
A. whether to go abroad B. if I go abroad C. if to go abroad D. to go abroad
6. Lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _______ again.
A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found
7. --- Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework?
--- I’m doing this exercise now so that I won’t have ________ on Sunday.
A. for B. them C. it D. to
8. I did nothing all day but ________ to my friend who I haven’t seen for almost a year.
A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing
9. Would you please ________ leave the door open? It’s too cold here.
A. not B. not to C. to not D. don’t
10. ---I hear that you and your parents are going to spend your summer vocation in Beijing.
--- Yes, we’re planning _________.
A. to B. to be C. it D. to do it
11. I don’t think it wise ________ the hard work that they have refused to do.
A. for you to take on B. of you to take on C. for you taking on D. of you taking on
12. My father promised to give some money and _______ anything I want to.
A. to allow me to buy B. allow me to buy
C. promised to allow me to buy D. that I would ask them to buy
13. He spoke English slowly and clearly in class _________ because they are all freshmen.
A. so as to be understood B. to be understood
C. so as to understand D. to understand
14. ________ the truth, he is not an honest man we can believe in.
A. I am to tell B. Told C. Telling D. To tell
15. ________ a long story short, he wanted to marry her and get a lot of money.
A. Make B. To make C. Jack had made D Making
16. --- Have you found out the telephone number I need?
--- Yes, but ________, I have sat here for nearly a half hour.
A. for finding it out B. to find it out C. for finding out it D. to find out it
17. Though it is polluted a little, yet this city with a long history is still a good place ___________.
A. in which to live B. to live in C. to live D. all the above are right
18. We didn’t expect the plan we had made very carefully for them ______ so coldly.
A. refused B. to refuse C. to be refused D. refusing
19. _______ into the college, he had to work hard at all the subjects, some of which he didn’t like.
A. In order to admit B. In order to be admitted
C. So as to admit D. So as to be admitted
20. She works ______ hard ______ catch up with the top students.
A. so; as to B. very; as to C. so; to D. as; as to
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