工程管理实用英语对话(工程英语)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________UNIT1INTERNATIONALTRAVELChinaOverseasConstructionCompany(COCC)isawardedacontractforahydroelectricprojectincentralAmerican.Mr.Bian,theprojectmanagerandhisassistant,Mr.zhangareleadingagrouptobeexecuted.Becausethere’snodirectflightavailablefromChinatothedestination,theydecidetogotherebywayofSanFrancisco,USA.1.OnBoardtheplaneSteward:(Atlunchtime)Whatwouldyouliketohave,sir?Wehavefriedchicken,fishandbeef.Zhang:fish,please.Steward:Howaboutadrink,coke,orangejuiceorbeer?Zhang:Doyouhavetea?Steward:Sorry,Wedon’tserveteaatlunch.Zhang:Then,acoke,please.Steward:(ToMr.bian,whoissittingnexttoMr.Zhang)Andyou,sir?Bian:Nothingrightnow.I’mfeelingabitairsick.Steward:I’llseeifIcangetyousometabletsforairsickness.Justamoment,please.Bian:Thankyouverymuch.2.ArrivalatSanFranciscoAirport(Afteraflightofmorethantwentyhours,theyhavelandedatSanFranciscoAirport.)I.O:(Attheimmigrationcounter)Passport,please.Landingcard,too.Zhang:Hereyouare.I.O:What’sthepurposeofyourjourney?Zhang:We’reintransit.Actually,we’regoingtoCentralAmericantoexecuteaconstructionproject.Yousee,allofusareinagroup.Mostofusareengineersandtechnicians.I.O:Mybrotherisanengineer,too.Hebuildsbridged.Howlongdoyouplantostayhere?Zhang:Justtwodays.I.O:EverythingseemstobeOk.pleaseproceedtoCustomsnext.*******C.O:(AttheCustomsCounter)Yourdeclarationform,please.Zhang:Hereitis.C.O:Anythingelsetodeclare?Zhang:Idon’tthinkso.C.O:What’sinthisbag?Zhang:Justsomepersonalbelongings.C.O:OK.That’sall.3.Check-inattheAirport(Aftertwoday’sstopoverinSanFrancisco,Mr.BianandhisfellowworkersaregoingtotakeTACAAirlinesFlightNo.375tothedestination.They’reintheairportterminalandarelookingforthecheck-incounter.)Zhang:Excuseme,What’sthecheck-incounterofTACAAirlines,please.Clerk:Godownthiscorridoruntiltheend.Turnleftandyou’llseethesignsonyourright.Youcan’tmissit.Zhang:Thanksalot.*******A.C:(Atthecheck-incounter)Goodmorning.Ticketandpassport,please.Zhang:Goodmorning.We’reinagroup.Herearealltheticketandpassports.A.C:Howmanypeopleinthegroup?Zhang:Fourteeninall.A.C:Anyseatpreference?Zhang:TwoWindowseatsforMr.Bianandmeinthenon-smokingsection.Oh,myname’sZhang.Thispassportismine.Fortheothers,…letmecheck.(Checkingwithhisfellowworkers)Zhang:They’dpreferanyseatsinthesmokingsection.A.C:Howmanypiecesofbaggagedoyouwanttocheck?Zhang:Twoforeachofus.Bytheway,what’sthebaggageallowance?A.C:Seventypoundsforeachpassenger,andtheweightlimitforeachpieceisforty-fivepounds.Putthesefourbigcartonsandthatsuitcaseonthescalethen,onebyone.Zhang:Ihopethey’renotoverweight.(Afterweightallthethings)A.C:No,you’reOK.Now,letmeputonthebaggagetags.Zhang:Dowehavetotearofftheoldbaggagetags?A.C:(Humorously)Yes,ifyoudon’twantyourbaggagetocomeback.(TheA.Claughs.ThenZhanglaughs,too)A.C:Yourboardingcardsandpassports.Zhang:Thanks.What’stheboardinggatenumber?A.C:Gateseven.Haveagoodflight,gentlemen.Zhang:Thanksalot.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSConstructioncompany施工公司，建筑公司Awardacontract授予合同Hydroelectricproject水电项目CentralAmerica中美洲Projectmanager项目经理Sitemanagement现场管理人员(总称)，现场管理机构Directflight直达航班Available可以得到的，可以利用的Destination目的地Friedchicken炸鸡Beef牛肉Orangejuice桔子肉Stewardess航空小姐Airsick晕机Passport护照Tablet药片Intransit过境Constructionproject建筑项目，工程项目Customs海关Declare申报Belongings所有物，物品Check-in登记，报到Colleague同事Airline航空公司Stopover中途停留，逗留Flightnumber航班号Airportterminal机场候机大厅Corridor走廊，通道Sign标牌，标记A.C=airlineclerk航空公司职员Preference爱好，偏爱Baggage行李Allowance许可量，限额Carton纸板箱Suitcase手提箱，衣箱Overweight超重的Tag标签Boardingcard登机卡Boardinggate登机门SanFrancisco圣弗兰西斯科，即旧金山NOTESTOTHETEXT1.directflight：直达航班英语中还可以说non-stopflight2.bywayof：取道，经由例如：TheyaregoingtoAlgeriabywayofParis.（他们将取道巴黎去阿尔及利亚。)TheconstructionteamreturnedtoChinabywayofKarachi.（施工队经由卡拉奇回到中国。）3.Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch?您午饭来点什么？请注意句中have一词的用法，例如：havefishfordinner(晚饭吃鱼)，havebreakfast(吃早餐)。4.coke：可口可乐等于Coca-Cola，是口语用法。我们常见的饮料名称还有：Pepsi百事可乐，Sprite雪碧，Fanta芬达。5.Andyou?：您呢？是口语用法，相当于Whataboutyou?或Howaboutyou?。6.rightnow：现在，立即right在这里起加重语气的作用，例如：righthere（就在这儿），righthere（就在那儿）。7.I.O=immigrationofficer移民局官KSB8.C.O=customsofficer海关关员9.Landingcard,too.：把旅客入境卡也给我。这是一个省略句，相当于“Showmethelandingcard,too.”。“入境卡”有时英语也说entrycard或incomingpassengercard。10.Yousee，…：意思是“你瞧，你听我说”，是口语中常用的一种表达法。11.PleaseproceedtoCustomsnext.：下面请去海关。Proceed意思是“接下来去做”，这句话还可以说，“PleasegototheCustomsnext.”或者“PleasecheckwiththeCustomsnext.”。12.declarationslip：海关申报单，也可以说declarationform，Customsstatement。13.personalbelongings：个人随身物品，也可以说personaleffects。14.check-incounter：办理登机手续的服务台，也可以说check-indesk。15.Youwon’tmissit.：你不会找不到的。这是回答问路人时常说的一句话。16.Anyseatpreference?：对座位有要求吗？这是一个省略句，全句为：Doyouhaveanyseatpreference?Preference意思是“偏爱”，“喜好”。17.windowseat：靠窗的座位，“靠通道的座位”是aisleseat。18.non-smokingsection：非吸烟区，也可以说non-smokingarea.“吸烟区”就是smokingsection/area。19.bytheway：顺便问一下这是口语中常用的一种表达法。20.baggageallowance：免费托运的行李限额如果超过限额，则超出的部分要付运费(payforexcessbaggage)。21.You’reOK．：在本文中的意思是“你的行李没有超重．”，相当于You’renotoverweight,或者You’renotoverthelimit。22.baggagetag：行李标签也可以说baggageclaimtag，上面填有托运人的姓名以及托运到的地点，所以当Zhang问AirlineClerk是否取下上次的baggagetag时，那个air-lineclerk幽默地回答道，“Yes，ifyoudon’twantyourbaggagetocomeback”，意思是说，如果不将上次的baggagetag取下来，行李还有可能回来的,因为上次的baggagetag上面托运到的地点是SanFrancisco。23.boardingcard：登机卡(牌)，也可以说boardingpass。24.Haveagoodflight．：祝您飞行愉快．“haveagood．．．，，是告别时向对方表示祝愿常用的一种表达法。．例如：Haveagoodweekend．(祝您周末愉快)。EXERCISES1．WhenthestewardessasksMr．Bianwhathewouldliketohaveforhislunchanddrink，heanswers，“Nothingrightnow.I’mfeelingabitairsick．”(现在甚么都不要，我有点儿晕机．)“I’mfeeling(abit)…”isaveryusefulexpression,meaning“我感觉(有点)…”Nowyoutryansweringthefollowingquestions：1)A：Wouldyoulikesomefood?B：就来杯饮料吧，我只是有点渴，并不饿。(Justadrink，please．I’mfeelingabitthirsty，nothungry．)2)A：Shallwegooutandplayfootball?B：对不起，我感到有点累，不能和你一块去。(Sorry,ICan’tgowithyou.I’mfeelingabittired．)3)A：What’sthematterwithyou?B：我有点头晕，请帮我一下好吗?(I’mfeelingabitdizzy．Couldyougivemeahand?)2．WhentheimmigrationofficerasksZhangwhat’sthepurposeoftheirjourney，Zhanganswers,“We’reintransit.We'regoingtoCentralAmericatoexecuteaconstructionproject．”(我们是过境，要去中美洲承建一建筑项目。)“toexecuteaproject”：执行一个项目，实施一个项目。Nowyoutry“answeringthefollowingquestions：1)A：What’sthepurposeofyourstayinourcountry?B：我们准备承建一水电项目。(We’regoingtoexecuteahydroelectricproject.)2)A：Whatdoyoudohere?B：我们是工程师，正在建设一个高速公路项目。(We’reengineers．We’reexecutinganexpresshighwayproject．)3)A：What'syourjob?B：我们正在建设一个桥梁项目．我的工作是为项目采购材料和设备。(We’renowexecutingabridgeproject．Ibuymaterialsandequipmentforit．)3．WhenZhangwantstoaskthewaytothecheck-incounter,hesays，“Excusemewhere’sthecheck-incounterofTACAAirlines，please?”(劳驾，请问塔卡航空公司办理登机手续的服务台在哪儿？)Normally，whenyouasksomebodytohelpyou,youstartwith“Excuseme，”（劳驾，对不起，打搅一下）。Whenyouwanttoaskthewaytoacertainplace，youcansay，“Where’s…?”，“HowIcangetto…?”or“Couldyoutellmethewayto…?”Nowyoutryaskingtheway：1)A：劳驾，请问联合航空公司办理登机手续的柜台怎么走?(Excuseme，howcanIgettothecheck-incounteroftheUnitedAirlines，please?)B：Justgoaheadforaboutonehundredyardsandyou’llseeit．2)A：打搅一下，请问中国国际航空公司办理登机手续的服务台在哪儿?(Excuseme，where’sthecheck-incounterofAirChina，please?)B：Sorry,Idon’tknow．Justcheckwiththeporter．3)A：对不起，请问到机场怎么走?(Excuseme，couldyoutellmethewaytotheairport，please?)B：Taketheshuttlebusoverthere．Itwilltakeyourighttotheairport.背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS)我们知道，去国外承包工程，就需要我们派遣有关技术人员和管理人员到国外去，这就涉及到国际旅行(InternationalTraveling)的问题，因而，作为从事国际工程的有关人员就需要学习一些旅途用语和了解一些飞行常识，以便顺利地到达 工程施工 建筑工程施工承包1园林工程施工准备消防工程安全技术交底水电安装文明施工建筑工程施工成本控制 所在国。一般说来，一个项目的人员往往分批而行，由于人多事杂，大家要相互照应，注意带好自己的物品，尤其是护照(Passport)和机票(Ticket)。登机前，要到有关航空公司的机场服务台(Check-inCounter)凭机票和护照领取登机卡(BoardingCard)，并办理托运行李手续。注意，在行李标签上一定要填写清楚你的姓名和将行李托运到的地方，填写名字时，要注意英语的GivenName是“名”，而LastName／FamilyName／Surname则指的是“姓”，以免取行李时遇到麻烦。航空公司对免费托运的行李重量有一定的限额(baggageallowance)，一般为七十磅(约为三十二公斤)，超重的部分要缴纳托运费，而且费用很高，所以，登机前要问清楚，尽可能避免超重。另外，对每件行李的重量也有限制。在飞机上，用餐是免费的，饮料一般也是免费的，但有些航班对供应的各种不含酒精的饮料(SoftDrinks)不收费，对供应的啤酒(Beer)却是收费的。要喝啤酒，可要做好空中小姐(stewardess／AirHostess向你“onedollar，please．”(请付一美元．)的准备哟。在到达目的地前，机上服务人员就会发给你两张表格，一张是旅客入境卡(LandingCard)和另一张是海关申报单(CustomsStatement)。在每座位靠背后的袋子里一般都有旅客须知之类的小册子(Brochure)，里面有告诉旅客怎样填写的说明和范例，可供你参考。下飞机后，你得先到机场移民局，交上旅客人境卡，移民局官员在检查你的护照和签证并询问一些问题之后，若没发现问题，就会让你人境。接下来你需要到领取行李处(BaggageClaimArea)领取行李。最后再到海关(Customs)交上海关申报单，办理人关手续。如果你是过境(intransit)，在过境国短暂停留几天后，还须换机(ChangePlanes)向工程实施所在国继续飞行。到机场候机大厅后，若所乘航班办理登机手续的服务台不好找，可向机场内的工作人员询问，他们将会很乐意地给予帮助。在得到人家的帮助之后，可别忘了说一句“Thankyou．”呀。Mar/18/2008UNIT2SETTLINGDOWNAftersuchalong-distanceinternationalflight,theconstructioncrewhasfinallyarrivedatthedestination.Despitethejetlagandtheinconvenienceoftheirstayinthehotel,everyoneisbusymakingpreparationsforthecommencementofthebigjob,studyingthetechnicaldataandspecifications,discussingtheconstruct-ionplan,andsoon.1.RentingaHouse(Mr.Zhang,assistantoftheprojectmanager,ismakingtelephonecalls,tryingtorentahousefortheaccommodationsofthecrew.)Zhang：Hello,mayIspeaktoMr.Neal,please?Neal：Speaking.WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?Zhang：I’mcallingaboutyouradvertisementin“People’sPulse”.Haveyougotahouseforrent?Neal：Well,Ididhaveahouseforrent.Butit’sbeenletout.Zhang：Sorrytohearthat.Bytheway,doyouknowanyonewhohasahouseforrentnearby?Neal：Letmesee.MyfriendSamtoldmeafewweeksagothathewantedtorenthishouse.Ithinkit’sabighouse.Youcouldcheckwithhim.Zhang：That’sjustwhatwe’relookingfor.What’shistelephonenumber,please?Neal：2237.Zhang：CouldIhaveyourfriend'snameagain?Neal：Sam,SamCarter.Zhang：Thanksalot.Bye.********Zhang：Goodmorning.I’dliketospeaktoMr.Carter,please.Man：Sorry,there’snooneherebythatname.Zhang：What’syourtelephonenumberthen?Man：2337.Zhang：I’mverysorry,Imusthavedialedthewrongnumber.********Zhang：Hello,isMr.Carterthere?Woman：Justaminute.He’scoming.Carter：Hello.Carterspeaking.Whoiscalling,please?Zhang：Myname’sZhang.Ihavebeentoldthatyouhaveahouseforrent.Isitstillavailable?Carter：Yes．It’satwo-stoerybuildingwithsixbed—roomsonthefirstfloorandtwoonthegroundfloor.Ithas,twobathrooms,oneoneachfloor.There’sagoodkitchenwhereyoucoulddocooking．WealsohaveacableTVandatele-phonethatyoucanuseinthehouse.Zhang：Perhapsit’sjustwhatweneed．What’sthemonthlyrent?Cafter：Howlongwilltheleasebe?Zhang：Aboutfourmonths.Carter：Thentwothousanddollars．Andtherentisdueattheendofeachmonth.Youcanusealltheutilities，butyouhavetopayallthebillsincludingthetelephoneservice,cableTV,water,gasandelectricity.Bytheway,youalsohavetopayasecuritydepositofonethousanddollars.Zhang：Isthereanyspaceforofficeworkinthehouse?Carter：Thereisabigsittingroomonthegroundfloor。Ithinkit’swhereyoucandoyourofficework.Zhang：0nemorething,areweallowedtoinstallafaxmachineinthehouseifwetakeit?Probablywewillneedone.Carter：Yes,ifyoulike.Butyouhavetopayallthecostsforit.Zhang：Good.Woulditbepossibleforustogothereandhavealooktomorrow?Cafter：Anytimebeforefouro’clockintheafternoon.YoucancometoOkisRestaurantI'mrunninghereinBenque,CayoDistrict.It’sonGeorgeStreet.Benqueisasmalltown.EveryonehereknowsOkis.Icanwaitforyouhere．Zhang：OK.Wewillgotheretomorrow,aroundteno’clockinthemorning.Willthatbeallrightwithyou?Cafter：OK.Seeyoutomorrow,sir.Zhang：Thankyou.M.Carter,Seeyoutomorrowmorning．2．SublettingtheConstructionCamp(Mr.YangfromCOCChasmadeanappointmentbytelephonewithMr.Howell,PresidentofWorldShelters,alocalcompanywhichspecializesinresidentialbuildings.Theyaregoingtotalkaboutthepossibilityofsublettingtheconstruc-tioncamptoWorldShelters.)Receptionist：Goodmorning,sir.CanIhelpyou?Yang：Goodmorning.IhaveanappointmentwithMr.Howellat9.Receptionist：Yourname,sir?Yang：Yang,fromCOCC,theHydro.Receptionist：Ah,yes.Mr.Howellisexpectingyouinhisoffice．Letmeshowyouin.Thisway,please.Yang：Thankyou.(EnteringMr.Howell’soffice)Howell：Hello,Mr.Yang.Verypleasedtomeetyouinperson.Yang：Verypleasedtomeetyou，too,Mr.Howell.Howell：Takeaseat,please.Yang：Thankyou.Howell：Well,howiseverythinggoing,Mr.Yang?Yang：Nottoobad.Justbusy.We’requitenewhere,youknow.Howell：What’syourfirstimpressionofourcountry?Yang：It’sabeautifulcountrywithplentyofprimevalforests.Peopleherearefriendlyandveryeasytogetalongwith.ItseemstomethatmostofthepeopleherespeakquitedifferentEnglish.It’shardtounderstandthemsometimes.Howell：Youwillsoongetusedtoit.Onlyofficials,teachersandbusinessmenspeakstandardEnglish.Yang：Soitseems.Howell：Let’sgetdowntobusiness,Mr.Yang.Youaskedmeonthephonewhetherwewouldliketobidforaconstructioncamptoaccommodateeightymen.Couldyouputitinmoredetail,please?Yang：Asyouknow，thecampwillmainlybefortheaccommodationofabouteightyChinesemenwhowillbeworkingfortheHydro.Itincludesdoubleoccupancystaffunits,fourmanoccupancyunitsforworkersandcooks,akitchenanddiningunit,showerbathunits,officeunits,aconferenceroomandarecreationunit.Howell：Sothecampwillaccommodateabouteightymen.Doyouhaveanyspecificrequirements?Yang：Iwouldliketohearyourrecommendation.Howell：Inmyopinion,there’sakindofprefabricatedhousewhichismostsuitableforsuchacamp．It’seasyandeconomicaltotransport,fasttoerectandveryconvenienttodismantleforeitherrelocationordisposalwhenthewholeprojectiscompleted.Yang：Soundsfine.What’sitmadeof?Howell：Lightconcreteslabs.TheyareoftenimportedfromalocalsupplierinElSalvador.Yang：Good.Wouldyoupleasegiveusaquotationforsuchacamponaturn-keybasisassoonaspossible?Howell：Allright.Wherewillthecampbelocated?Yang：SomewhereonArenalRoadinBenqueTown,CayoDistrict.I’llletyouknowrightafterwefinalizeitwiththeOwner.Howell：Whowillberesponsibleforlevelingthegroundforthecampsite?Yang：Wewilldothat.Youwillberesponsibleforthewaterandpowersupply.Onemorething,thisisaduty-freeproject.Soeverythingimportedforitisduty-free.Pleasetakeitintoconsiderationinyourquotation．Howell：Inthatcase,ourquotationwillbemuchlower.Yang：Wereallyappreciatethat.Howell：Whendoyouwantthecamptobecompleted.Yang：Withinsixtydays,startingfromournoticetocommencetheWork.Howell：OK.Mr.Yang.Ihopewecanbegiventheopportunitytoworkforyouandifso,wewillholdourselvesresponsibletoyouandIbelievewewillsurelydoagoodjob.Yang：Ihopeso,too.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSconstructioncrew施工人员(总称)jetlag飞行时差inconvenience不方便makepreparationsfor做准备commencement开始technicaldata技术资料specification技术 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 ，(产品)规格constructionplan施工 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 rentahouse租房accommodation居住，膳宿条件assistant助手，助理advertisement广告dial拨(电话号码)bathroom浴室cableTV有线电视securitydeposit保证金，押金monthlyrent每月租金lease租期due到期的，应付的bill帐单gas煤气，气油(=gasoline)officework办公sittingroom起居室install安装faxmachine传真机sublet分包camp营地haveanappointmentwith与……有约localcompany当地公司residentialbuilding住宅楼impression印象getalongwith与……相处accommodate容纳，提供(居宿)showerbath淋浴recreationunit娱乐室specificrequirement具体要求recommendation推荐，建议prefabricated预制的erect安装，装配dismantle拆除economical经济的convenient方便的relocation搬迁disposal处理lightconcreteslab轻混凝土板quotation报价onaturn-keybasis以交钥匙方式finalize确定leveltheground平整场地campsite营地现场duty—free免税的commencethework开工opportunity机会Benque班卡(一小镇名)CayoDistrict卡肴区(地名)ElSalvador萨尔瓦多NOTESTOTHETEXT1.Speaking.：这是打电话时的用语。当接电话的人正好是对方要找的人时，他就可以说“Speaking．”，意思是“我就是”。2.“People'sPulse”：“人民快报”，一报刊的名称。3.ahouseforrent：一座待出租房子，英语也可以说“ahousetolet”。4.Ididhaveahouseforrent．：前些时候我的确有一座房子要出租。句中的“did”用于加强语气。例如：DocomeandseeUSwhenyouhavetime.(有空一定来看我们呀。)Idohopethatthiscanbesettledinanamicableway.(我真诚地希望这个问题能够友好解决。)5.1etout：在这里是“租出”的意思。6.Youcouldcheckwithhim．：你可以找他再核实一下。check在这里是“核实”，“查一下”的意思。例如：I’llgoandcheck．(我去核实一下．)7.CouldIhaveyourfriend’snameagain?：您能再告诉我一遍你朋友的名字吗?这是一种很有礼貌的问话方式，相当于Couldyoutellmeyourfriend’snameagain?。又例如：CouldIhavethetime，please?(请您告诉我一下时间好吗?)8.Isitstillavailable?：这座房子是否还在有待出租?available在这儿的意思是“仍可租得到的”。9.two-storeybuilding：两层的小楼房10.onthefirstfloor：这儿指的是“在第二层”，是英国用法，注意，英美人表示楼层的说法不同，例如，“一层”英国人说thegroundfloor，而美国人说thefirstfloor，“二层”英国人说thefirstfloor，而美国人说thesecondfloor，依此类推。11.onemorething：这是口语中常用的表达法，意思是“还有一件事(要说)”英语也可以说onemorethingtomention．12.ifwetakeit：如果我们租下的话take在口语中常表示鼍买下”，“租下”的意思，例如，在商店看好自己需要买的物品之后，就可以说，OK，I’lltakeit．(好吧，这个我买下了．)13.theHydro在这儿指的是thehydro-electricproject(水电工程项目)，是口语法。14.Letmeshowyouin．：让我领您进去。showsb．in意思是“领某人进来／去”，showsb．out意思是“领某人出来／去”。15.Thisway,please．：请这边走。这是一个省略句，全句为Takethisway，please.，为别人领路时常说这句话。16.verypleasedtomeetyou.：很高兴见到您。这是初次见面时常说的一句话。17.We’requitenewhere．：我们到这儿没多久。18.Let’sgetdowntobusiness．：咱们谈正题吧。getdowntosth意思是“着手做某事”，“开始认真对待某事”，例如：getdowntowork(开始做工作)．19.bidfor：为……而投标例如：bidforanirrigationproject(为一个灌溉工程项目而投标)，bidforacementworks(为一个水泥厂项目而投标)．与该词组有相同意思的还有tenderfor。20.prefabricatedhouse：装配式房屋，活动房屋prefabricatedhouse在口语中常用pre-fab来代替。prefabricated这个词在工程实施中常常使用，与它搭配的词很多，例如：prefabricatedconstruction(装配式施工)，prefabricatedpile(预制桩)，prefabricatedunit(预制构件)。21.owner：业主类似的词还有employer(雇主)，client(委托人)，这三个词常用来指一个项目的主办人。EXERCISES1.WhenZhangmakestelephonecallstoMr.NealandMr.Carter,hebeginshisconversationswith“Hello,mayIspeaktoMr.Neal?”(您好，我想和Neal先生通话。)，“Goodmorning,I’dliketospeaktoMr.Carter,please.”(早上好，我想请Carter先生接电话。)，“Hello,isMr.Carterthere，please?”(您好，请问，Carter先生在吗?)。Thesearethreecommonwaystostartatelephoneconversationwhenyouaskforsomebodyonthephone.Nowyoutryusingtheaboveexpressionstostart-yourtelephoneconversations.1)A：下午好，我想和你们经理Clark先生通话。我是Macal项目处的Zhang．(Goodafternoon,mayIspeaktoMr.Clark,yourmanager?ThisisZhangcallingfromMacalProject.)B：Justaminute,Mr.Zhang.I’llputyouthrough.2）A：您好，我想请你们的总经理Silva先生接电话。(Hello,I’dliketospeaktoMr.Silva,yourpresident,please.)B：I’msorry,sir.Mr.Silvaisnowhavingaveryimportantmeetingandcannottakeanycalls.Willyoucallhimagainlaterintheafternoon,please?3）A：早上好，请问Harrison先生在吗?(Goodmorning.IsMr.Harrisonthere,please?)B：I’mafraidMr.Harrisonisnotinatthemoment．IsthereanymessageIcangivehim?2．Inthetext,theword“responsible”appearsinthreesentences---“Whowillberesponsibleforlevelingthegroundforthecampsite?"(哪一方负责平整营地的场地?)；“You’llberesponsibleforthewaterandpowersupply?”(但你方应负责供水供电。)；“…andifso,we’llholdourselvesresponsibletoyou…”(……如果这样的话，我方将向你方负责……).Oftentheword“responsible”isusedinspecifyingandclarifyingtheresponsibilitiesbetweenthepartiestoacontractduringanegotiation.Nowyoutrydoingthefollowing：1)A：Weneedallthedataonhydrologicalandsubsurfaceconditionsbeforewestartthejob.B：我们可以提供相关资料，但你方应对这些资料的解释负责。(Wecouldproviderelevantdatatoyou,butyouareresponsibleforyourowninterpretationofthem.)2)A：WerequirethatyourectifythedamageswhichhappenedtotheWorksonthe15thofthismonthatyourowncost.B：我们认为我方不应为此损坏负责，因为合同规定，工程的某一部分一旦移交给业主，承包商否再承担保护该部分工程的义务，而损坏显然是由人故意破坏引起的。(Wedon’tthinkthatweareresponsibleforthedamage.Asstipulatedinthecontract,onceapartoftheWorkshasbeenhandedovertotheEmployer,thecontractorshallnothavetheobligationtoprotectit.Further,thedamageisobviouslyduetovandalism．)3)A：如果我们接受你们指定的分包商，我们是否就其或其雇员的行为向你方负责?(Ifweacceptthesubcontractornominatedbyyou,dowehavetoholdourselvesresponsibletoyouforhisorhisemployees’behavior?)B：是的，如果他们有甚么过错的话，你们作为总包商应为引起的一切后果负责．(Yes,asthegeneralcontractor,youwillberesponsibleforalltheconsequencesarisingfromtheirmisconduct.)背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS)初到工程施工所在国，首先解决的就是居住(housing)问题。由于住旅馆既不经济也不方便，因而，在自己的生活营地(mancamp)建好之前，我们的施工人员一般都租一所离工地较近又能自己做饭的房子。租房前，可以先了解一下当地租房的行情。你可以查看当地报纸上的有关租房广告(advertisement)，也可寻求业主的帮助或向你熟悉的当地人(locals)打听有关信息。“与房东(1andlord／landlady)见面前，一般先打电话询问房子的大致情况。如果认为房子合适的话，还可进一步问问租房的条件，包括每月租金(rental)，租期(1ease)，是否要押金(securitydeposit)，房子中有哪些设施以及设施的使用费是否包含在租金中，等等。如果条件可以接受，可以约定时间亲自去看一下房子。最后，双方还需签订一个租赁协议(signaleaseagreement)。由于刚刚到达工程施工所在国，承包商(contractor)的主要施工人员没有到达，机械设备也还没有运至现场(constructionsite)，所以，施工营地(constructionCamp)的建设常常分包给当地的建筑公司(localconstructioncompany)。一般情况下。承包商往往请业主(employer)向其推荐几家比较有信誉的当地公司，然后逐一去这些公司了解情况。在提出了基本要求之后，让这些公司为承建营地的临时住房办公用房，(residentialandofficebuildings)以及其它相应设施报价(offer／bid)，然后比较一下几家的 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 和报价，从中择优。由于是临时工程(temporary-works)，承包商最好不要把要求提得太具体，但要强调要经济实用，以便让分包商(subcontractor)根据当地的具体情况(如：气候，习惯等)提出自己的实施方案，使建造营地的费用尽可能降低，从而获得较低报价。UNIT3POSSESSINGANDLAYINGOUTTHESITETostarttheexecutionofWorks,theContractorneedstotakepossessionofthesitefortheOwnerandplanthelayoutofthewholesiteforapprovalbytheOwner.Thetwopartiesarediscussingthemattersinhandingoverandarrangingthesite.1.TheOwnerhandsoverthesitelate(Mr.Bian,ProjectManagerfromtheContractor,andMr.Cheng,ChiefEngineer,aretalkingtotheOwner’sRepresentative,Mr.Sukhnandan,wholooksveryyoungandenergetic,andtheConsultant,Mr.Shaw,whoseemstobequiteexperienced.)…Bian：Lastweek,wesentyoualetter,askingyoutohandoverthewholesitetous,includingtheaccessroad.Butwehaven’treceivedareplyyet.TheContractisquitespecificaboutthisinitsspecialconditions:PossessionoftheSiteshallbegiventotheContractoronthedatenamedintheAppendix1,whichisApril20,1992.TodayisApril26.It’salreadyoneweeklate.Sukh：I’msorryaboutthis,Mr.Bian.Unfortunatelywehavemetwithsomedifficultyinrequisitioningthelandontheleftbankoftheriverforthesiteareas.Youknow,someofthelandisprivatelyownedandtheownerswon’tagreetoselltheland.Nordotheywanttograntuspermissiontouseitbecausetheyareafraidthattheprojectwilldisturbtheirpeacefullife.Shaw：Somepeoplehereareobsessedwiththeirtraditionallife,Theydon’twanttohaveachangeoftheirlife!You’llneverunderstandthem.Cheng：It’ssopuzzling!Theyshouldknowthattheywillgetbenefitfromthisproject.Atleasttheycouldgetthelightingpowereasily,atamuchlowerprice.Sukh：We’vealreadypromisedtoprovidethemwithelectricpowerforlightingfreeofcharge.Inreturn,theyletususetheirlandfornothing.Bian：Whendoyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblemandmakethewholesiteandtheaccessroadavailabletous?Thisiswhatwereconcernedabout.Shaw：Atpresent,theaccessroadhasbeenbuiltuptothedamsiteandwearebeginningtobuildtheroadtothepower—housefromthejunction．Ithappenstobetherainyseasonandtherainshavesloweddownourprogress,butwearemakingagreatefforttofinishitsoon.Sukh：Sowecanhandovertoyouthecompletedaccessroadandtheareaontherightbanksothatyoucanbeginthepreparationworkthere,Youcanhavethemfromtomorrow.I’llgiveyoualetterofconfirmationrightafterthismeeting.Oncewesolveourproblemwiththe1andowners,whichIbelievewecansoon,wewillhandovertheremainingpartofthesitearea.Bian：Mr.Sukhnandan,letmemakeitplaintoyou.Thedelayinhandingoverthesiteareahasadverselyaffectedourconstructionplan.WehavetorequestyoutoextendthecompletiontimeofthisProjectaccordingly.Meanwhile,wereservetherighttobereimbursedforanycostsincurredbecauseofthedelay.Fifteenengineersandtechniciansarealreadyherewaitingeagerlytostarttheirjobs.Alotofpreparationworkneedstobedonebyus,especiallythetrafficroadwithinthesite.Sukh：Iunderstandyourposition,Mr.Bian.Asforthecompensation,we’lltrytosettlethismatteraccordingtothecontract.Bian：Tomakethisprojectasuccess,weneedcooperationfromeachother.Sukh：Icouldn’tagreemore.2.Layingoutthesite(Toconstructtheworkssmoothlyandefficiently,thesiteneedstobearrangedproperly.Today,Mr.BianandMr.ChengaretalkingtoMr.Sukhnandanabouttheplantolayoutthewholesite.)Sukh：Theotherday,youtoldmethatyouweregoingtobuilduptwocampsonthesite.Couldyouelaborateonyourplan,Mr.Bian?Bian：Accordingtoourconstructionplan,ourfirstcamp,whichwecall“CampA”,willbelocatedatthejunctionofthetwoaccessroadsleadingtothedamandthepowerhouse.Itwillmainlybeusedforstorageofconstructionmaterials,spareparts,etc…Aparkinglotandarepairshopwillbesetupwithinthisarea.Thepowerbenderwillalsobelocatedhere.Sukh：Whatwillbethesizeofthiscamp?Bian：Itwillcoveranareaofabout4000squaremeters.Sukh：Howmuchisthatinacres?IamnotquitefamiliarwiththeMetricSystem.Bian：Sorry,wearenotusedtotheBritishSystem．Cheng：Justaminute.Letmeworkitoutwithmysmallcalculator.Let’ssee,…It’s4785squareyards.Aboutoneacre.Sukh：That’sacceptable.Thispieceoflandbelongstothegovernment.We’llgetitapprovedsoon.Whatabouttheothercamp?Bian：Theothercamp,whichwecall“CampB”,ismainlyfortheaccommodationoftheChineseprofessionalsandtheoffices.It’salsowherewehaveourweeklyandmonthlyreviewmeetings.Whatdoyoucallthiskindofcamp?Shaw：Mancamp,tobespecific,butitbelongstoconstructioncampingeneral；oryoucouldsayit’spartofthewholeconstructioncamp.Sukh：There’snocleardistinctionbetweentheseterms,evenamongprofessionals.Whenwillitbelocated?Bian：Ontheright-handsideoftheaccessroad,abouthalfamilefromCampA.Itwilloccupyapproximatelythesamearea.Sukh：Whydoyouhavetochoosethisarea,Mr.Bian?ItisapartofthisCountry’snaturepreserve.Thoughourgovernmentisinfullsupportofthisproject,itwilldon’tsanctionitatthepriceofdamagingitsbeautifulenvironment.Idon’tthinkwecouldgettheapprovalfromtheappropr-iatedepartment.Bian：Yousee,thisareaisidealforCampB.It’scomparativelyflatandthismakesiteasyforustobuildthehousesforbedroomsandoffices.Thekeypointis,it’sclosetothejobsiteandthesourceofapotablewatersupply.Oncewearegiventhatpieceofland,we’llbestrictlyconfinedtoitanddoeverythingwecantokeepitingoodorder.Anyway,couldyouhaveatrywiththegovernment,please?Sukh：OK,ifyouinsist.ButIdon’tseemuchchanceofitsbeingapproved.Bian：Now,IwouldlikeMr.Chengtodescribeourplantoarrangetheothertemporaryfacilitiesonthesite．Cheng：Fromoursiteinvestigations,wehavefoundapieceoflandwithagentleslope,wherewewanttolocatethebatchingplantandthecrushingsystembecauseitisveryclosetothedamsiteandeasytobeflattened.Sukh：What’stheexactdistancefromthedamsiteandinwhichdirection?Cheng：It’s500meters,oh,around1630feetinyoursystem,tothesouthofthedamsite,ontherightbankoftheRiver.Ifwecangettheapproval,itwillfacilitateourconcreteproductionandtransportation.Sukh：Willyousubmittousallthelayoutsofthetemporaryworkstogetherwitha1etterofapplication?We’lltrytogetthemapprovedSoon,ifpossible.Bian：Thesooner,thebetter.Sukh：Iwilldomybest,butIcan’tcommitmyselftogettingtheapproval.AllIcanpromiseisthatyouwillhaveareplywithinaweek,whetherpositiveornegative.Bian：That’swhattheContractsays!WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSWorks工程，工厂takepossessionof占有，占用handover移交，交出consultant咨询顾问chiefengineer总工程师accessroad进场道路bespecificabout对……有明确规定appendix附录，附属物requisition征用leftbank左岸grantpermission给予许可disturb打扰，打乱，妨碍beobsessedwith对……着迷，抱着……不放lightingpower照明用电beconcernedabout对……关心damsite坝址power-house电站厂房junction（道路，河流等的）交叉处rainyseason雨季makeaneffort努力rightbank右岸letterofconfirmation确认函landowner土地的主人remainingpart剩余时间delay延误，耽搁extendthecompletiontime延长竣工时间accordingly相应地，因此reserve保留reimburse补偿incur导致，引起constructionmaterial施工材料spareparts备件parkinglot停车场repairshop修理间coveranareaof占地面积为powerbender动力弯筋机coveran…areaof占……面积metricsystem公制Britishsystem英制squareyard平方码（=0836m2）acre英亩（=4047m2）Professional专业人员mancamp生活营地belongto属于Ingeneral大体上naturepreserve自然保护区thepriceof以……为代价appropriatedepartment主管部门ideal理想的flat平坦的jobsite工地beconfinedto限制……的范围内ingoodorder秩序井然crushingsystem人工沙石系统letterofapplication申请函commitonselfto对……做出承诺，保证positive积极的negative消极的NOTESTOTHETEXT1．layout：布置图，计划如：sitelayout(现场布置图)，若写成layout，则为动词词组，意思是“对…进行布置或定位”，如：layoutthesite(对现场进行布置)。2．approval：批准，认可其动词形式为“approve”，是工程管理中的常用词。3．specialconditions：特殊条件，专用条件它是合同文件一个重要组成部分，常被称为“第二部分”(PartII)，一般条件或通用条件英语为“generalconditions”，常被称为“第一部分(PartI)”。4．freeofcharge：免费有时free单独使用时也有“免费的”，“免税的”意思，如：afreedrink(一杯免费饮料)，freedischarge(免费卸货)，freegoods(免税进口的货物)。5．inreturn：作为回报，作为报答例如：Thebossgavealltheworkersarise,andinreturn,theyworkedharderthanever.(老板给所有工人都涨了工资，作为报答，工人们于活更卖力了。)6．fornothing：在这里也是“免费”的意思，相当于freeofcharge。这个词组有时候还有“徒然”的含义。例如：Thefloodcame,soalltheeffortsmadebytheworkerswentfornothing.(由于来了洪水，工人们所作的一切努力成了徒劳。)。7．solvetheproblem：解决问题也可以说workouttheproblem，常指解决难题，如果说“回答问题”，则说answerthequestion，请注意这两个词组的搭配。另外，课文中还出现了settlethematter这个词组，意思也是“解决问题”，常用来指解决法律和合同方面的问题。8．make…available：意思是“提供……使其处于可使用的状态”，相当于provideandabletobeused。例如：WaterandpowerwillbemadeavailableonthesitebyJuly1.(工地在七月一号前通水通电。)9．slowdown：降低速度，慢下来它既可以是及物的，也可以是不及物的。例如：Thecarsloweddown.(汽车降低了速度。)Failureoftheexcavatortoworkefficientlygreatlysloweddowntheprogressoftheexcavation.(挖掘机工作效率不高大大地降低了开挖的速度。)这个词组的反义词是speedup(加快速度)。10．make…plain将……讲清楚这个词组中的plain意思是“明白的”，“清楚易懂的”，等于clear。例如：Itisplaintoeverybodythatthedelaywascausedbythefloodevent.(大家都清楚延误是由洪水事件引起的。)11．asfor：至于，在……方面12．accordingtothecontract：根据合同，按照合同也可以说inaccordancewiththecontract，但多见于书面语。13．elaborateon：对……做进一步详尽的说明这个词组相当addrnoredetailto。例如：Justtellusthefacts,please.Don’telaborateonthem.(请只告诉我们事实，不要多作解释。)14．storage：储藏，保管如：putthegoodsinstorage(将货物入库)，storageyard(储料场)15．befamiliarwith：对……很熟悉，精通例如：Heisveryfamiliarwiththecontractdocuments.(他对合同文件十分熟悉。)ThisengineerisfamiliarwithbothEnglishandArabic.(这个工程师既精通英语，又精通阿拉伯语。)请注意这个词组与befamiliarto(为…所熟悉)的用法上的不同，例如：Thissongisfamiliartothelocalpeople.(这首歌为当地人所熟悉。)16．workout：计算出，解决，制定如：workoutalltheexpenses(计算出所有开支；workoutaproblem(解决一个难题)；workoutaplan(制定一项计划)17．beusedto：习惯于，被用来请注意当这个词组作“习惯于”讲时，后面接名词或动名词，当作“被用来”讲时，后面接动词不定式。例如：Theworkershavebeenusedtoworkingatnight.(工人们已习惯于上夜班。)Allthelumberwillbeusedtomakeformwork.(所有木材将被用来做模板。)18．potablewater：饮用水也可以说drinkingwater，“工业用水”英语是industrialwater。19．Thesooner,thebetter.：越快越好英语中两个比较级连用表示“越…越…”。例如：Thebetteryoudothejob,themorepayyou’llget.(你工作做得越好，得到的报酬越高。)20．seemuchchance：认为可能性很大chance：可能性，机会，这个词构成的词组或句型在口语中很常用，如bychance(意外地)；Chancesare…(很可能……)；I’llchanceit.(我冒一下险)；takeone’schance(碰运气)；standagoodchance(希望很大)；standnochance(没有希望)21．temporaryfacilities：临时设施22．batchingplant：混凝土搅拌厂，拌和楼也可以说batchplantEXERCISES1．WhenMr.Shawtalksabouttheconstructionoftheaccessroad,hesays,“Ithappenstobetherainyseasonandtherainshavesloweddownourprogress.”(现在碰巧是雨季，下雨降低了我们的进展的速度。)“…happenstodo(be)sth”isaveryusefulexpression,meaning“正巧…”。Now，youtrydoingthefollowing：1)在开挖时，碰巧发现了一些古物。(Duringtheexcavation,someantiqueshappenedtobediscovered.)2)A：HaveyouseenDavidrecently?B：昨天我在超级市场购物时正好见到他。(IhappenedtoseehimwhenIwasdoingshoppingintheSupermarketyesterday.)3)A：Wasanyoneinjuredinthecave-inaccident?B：很幸运，塌方时碰巧所有人员都在隧洞外面，所以没有造成人员伤亡。(Fortunately，allthepeoplehappenedtobeoutofthetunnelwhenthecave-inoccurred.Sonoonegotinjured.)2．RememberwhatMr.SuknandansayswhenherespondstoMr.Bian’srequesttoextendthecompletiontime?Hesays,“…Asforthecompensation,we’lltrytosettlethematteraccordingtothecontract.”(至于补偿，我们将按合同努力解决。)Thephrase“accordingto”isusedquiteoftenduringanegotiation,meaning“根据，按照”。Nowyoutrydoingthefollowing：1)A：Whyhaveyoucanceledtheplanoftomorrow’sconcreteplacement?B：因为根据天气预报，明天将有大雨。(Because,accordingtotheweatherman,therewillbeaheavyraintomorrow.)2)根据合同第十五条的规定，你方应于上月底之前向我方颁发该区段移交证书。(Youshouldhaveissuedtousthetaking-overcertificateforthesectionbytheendoflastmonthaccordingtoClause15ofthecontract.)3)A：Whydoyourejectthecement?B：按照技术规范，所有运到现场的水泥都应为标准重量的密封袋装水泥。散装水泥不予验收。(Accordingthetechnicalspecifications,allthecementshallbedeliveredtothesiteinsealedbagsofstandardweight.Bulkcementisnotacceptable.)3．Whentheownerhandsoverthesitelate,Mr.Biansays,“Meanwhile,wereservetherighttobereimbursedforanycostsincurredbyusbecauseofthedelay.”(我方保留要求你方赔偿因担搁而使我方导致的费用的权利。)“reservetherightto”isaveryusefulphraseusedinadministrationofacontract,meaning“保留……权利”。Nowyoutrydoingthefollowing：1)因为这件事属于不可抗力，我们保留对此提出索赔的权利。(Becausethiseventisforcemajeure,wereservetherighttolodgeaclaimforit.)2)这仅仅是协议草案，我们保留对其修改的权利。(Asthisisjustadraftagreement,wereservetherighttomodifyit.)3)我们保留随时撤回此项授权的权利。(Wereservetherighttorevokethisdelegationatanytime.)背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTION)为了能使承包商顺利地开工(commencethework)，在国际工程承包(internationalprojectcontracting)合同中一般都对承包商占有现场(possessionofthesite)作出规定。有的合同规定了业主给予承包商现场占有现场各部分的范围(extent)、顺序(order)及具体日期(date)；有的则规定，在业主代表或业主的监理工程师签发开工命令(issuecommencementorder)同时，按照已批准的进度计划(approvedprogramme)，由业主陆续提供各期间施工所需的现场部分(portionsofthesite)。同时还规定，若业主不能按规定提供现场，承包商有权获得相应的延期(extensionoftime)以及有关费用的补偿(costcompensation)。由于能否及时占有现场直接关系到承包商是否顺利地实施工程，承包商在施工准备阶段(constructionpreparationstage)的最重要的任务之一就是督促业主将现场按时移交(handovertheSiteontime)。一旦业主没按时移交现场，承包商要在合同规定的时间内，向业主发出有关工期及费用的索赔意向 通知 关于发布提成方案的通知关于xx通知关于成立公司筹建组的通知关于红头文件的使用公开通知关于计发全勤奖的通知 (notificationofhisintentiontoclaim)，以弥补自己的损失。合理的现场布置有助于承包商高效率地进行工作(workefficiently)。生活营地(mancamp)，材料储存场(storagearea)，混凝土搅拌厂(batchingplant)，以及施工设备停放场(parkinglot)的安排要以便利施工为标准。但现场的布置一般要征得业主的同意。由于环境保护等方面的原因，有时现场的设置还要经主管部门(appropriatedepartment)审批承包商要尽力说服业主同意自己安排并寻求主管部门韵批准。为此，承包商可向业主作出一些有关承诺。UNIT4PROCURINGTHEGOODS(1)Togettheprojectunderway,alotofequipmentandmaterialsarerequired.ALLthesehavetobepurchasedorhiredanddeliveredtotheconstructionsite.ThepurchasingclerksoftheContractormakeenquiries,negotiatesupplycontractsand,sometimes,hireequipmentthatisneededforashortperiodonly.IthegoodsareimportedfromathirdcountryorthehomecountryoftheContractor,theywillhavetogothroughtheCustomsclearanceformalitiesand,therefore,aCustomsbytheContractor.1.MakinganEnquiry(Mr.Huang,whoisinchargeofpurchasingthegoodsfortheHydroProject,isnowinHurricaneTradingCorporationenquiringofMr.Chamberlain,SalesManageroftheCorporationaboutsomeconstructionmaterials.)Cham:Hello,Mr.Huang.Hownicetoseeyouagain!Huang:Nicetoseeyou-again,too,Mr.Chamberlain.Cham:Whendidyoucomebacktothiscountry?Huang:Onlylastweek.Howisthebusiness?Cham:Prettygood.IhearthatCOCChaswonthecontracttoconstructthehydroworks.Isthattrue?Huang:You'rewellinformedYes,that'swhyIamback.WhenIcameheretostudythelocalmarketforthepreparationofourbidlastNovember,ItoldyouthatIwouldcomeagainforadetailedbusinesstalkwithyouoncewegotthecontract.Now,Iamhereagain.Cham:Wereallyappreciateyourvisit,Mr.Huang.Ourcorporationhasjustexpandedbusinessoperations,thankstoincreasingdemandandourgoodreputation.Iadditiontosteelandlumber,wenowalsodealinsuchconstructionmaterialsascement,bitumenandPVCpipes.Hereisournewcatalogue.Huang:Thankyou.Cham:Doyouhaveanyideaofwhattoorderfromus?Huang:Letmesee.PleasequoteusforCatalogueno.12,thatis,Grade60,A615hotrolledcorrugatedsteelbarsofsize3/8”X40’.Rememberthatifthepriceisacceptabletous,we’llplaceanorderofnotlessthan50tonsforthefirstdelivery.Cham:Iknowyou'reabigpotentialcustomerforus.We41certainlygiveyouamostfavourablepriceevenforthefirstdeal.Ibelievewewillbeabletobuildagoodbusinessrelationshipwitheachother.Cham:Noproblem.Thetechnicaldataarealwaysavailablefromthelaboratoryofthemanufacturer.Huang:Tobefrankwithyou,I'veenquiredofseverallocaltradingcompaniesandI'malsowaitingfortheirquotations,butIhopeyouwillbechosenasourlong-termsupplier.Cham:Thanks.I'llsendyouourquotationsheetstoyouintwodays.Althoughwearenotthebiggestsupplierinthisline,wellprovetoyouthatwearethebest.2.TalkingabouttheTransport(Anorderhasbeenplacedfor500tonsofexplosivefortheHydro-electricProjectatFOBprice,Miami,theUnitedStates.Acarrierhastobefoundforthetransportationfromtheloadingporttotheconstructionsite.Mr.HuangistalkingtoMr.O'Neil,countrymanagerofTropicalShipping,averywell-knowninternationalshippingcompanyregisteredlocally,onthismatter.)Huang:OnWednesday,wefaxedyouourenquiryregardingfreightrateforourorderedexplosive-Powermax,butwehaven'treceivedyourreplyyet.O’Neil:Sorryaboutthat.Yousee,Mr.Huang,thiscommodityislistedasextremelydangerous.We'vehadtotaketimetoinvestigatethehandlingrequirements.Nowthatyouarehere,wecanhaveaface-to-facetalk.Huang:What'stheresultofyourinvestigation?O’Neil:Firstofall,wehavetousecontainersforitstransportationbyseatopreventtheexplosivefrombeingmoistenedandfortheconvenienceofitsloadinganddischarge.Huang:There'sonethingthatworriesme.Thiskindofexplosivecouldbeverydangerousunderhightemperature.Thisisatropicalregionandit's-quitehotalltheyeararound.Ifcontainersareused,howcanthetemperatureinsidethembecontrolled.O'Neil:Don'tworryaboutit,Mr.Huang.Throughourinvestigation,wehavefoundthiskindofexplosivecanbetransportedwithoutdangeraslongasthetemperaturedoesnotexceed125degreesFahrenheit.Thetemperaturesinsidethecontainersaremuchlowerthanthateveninthehottestweatherofdryseason.However,wehavemadecarefulplansandwilltakespecialprecautiontosafeguarditstransportationbysea.Huang:Howabouttheinlandtransport,thatis,fromtheunloadingporttothewarehouseonoursite?O'Neil:Lowboyswillbeusedandthepolicewillescortthemallthewaytoyoursiteinlinewithournationalsecuritylaw.Huang:Whatisalowboy?O'Neil:Justakindoftrailerwithverylowflatbedforcarryingcontainersandmajorequipment.Huang:HowoftendoyousailfromMiamitotheloadingportinthiscountry?O’Neil:Wehaveweeklysailingsandcanspreadoutyour500tonsanywayyoulike.Huang:Andthefreightrate?O'Neil:3,000USdollarsper20-footcontainer.Therateisallinclusivefromtheloadingporttoyoursite.Huang:I'mafraiditistoohigh.O'Neil:Yousee,Mr.Huang,whatwearetalkingaboutisexplosive,notcementorsomething.Specialcarehastobetakenalltheway.Thiswillincurextracoststous.Besides,thepolicewillchargeusfortheirservice,too.Huang:Willyougivemeyourquotationsheet?Ihavetotakeitbacktoourofficeanddiscussitwithourmanager.O’Neil:It'sreadyforyou.Anyway,pleaseletmeknowyourreplyassoonaspossible.IhavetofileitwiththePoliceHeadquarterstofulfil1ourlegalrequirement.Huang:OK,Mr.O'Neil.3.HiringEquipment(Alargequantityofexcavationworkhastobefinishedassoonaspossibleinordertomatchtheconstructionschedule.Astheequipmentworkingonthejobsiteisnotsufficient,Theprojectmanagerdecidestohireanexcavatorandaloader.Mr.YangisenquiringofMr.Boles,equipmentmanagerofBeliConstructionHoldings,abouttheequipmenthewantstohire.)Yang:Ihavebeentold,Mr.Boles,thatyouareinchargeoftheconstructionequipmentleasingandhiringbusinessinthiscompany.IamheretoseeifIcanhiresomeequipmentfromyou.Boles:You'vecometotherightplace,Mr.Yang.Weareinvolvedprimarilyinequipmentleasingandhiringaswellasminingoperations.Weownquitealotofheavyconstructionequipmentandcanhirethemtoyouatanytimeyoulike.Yang:Whatarethey?Boles:Wehavebulldozer,excavators,loaders,motorgraders,vibratingrollersanddumptrucks.Yang:Iamthinkingofhiringanexcavatorandaloaderthistime.What'sthevolumeofyourexcavator'sbucket?Boles:Theexcavatorisa225Caterpillarandhasabucketofabouttwoandhalfcubicyards.Yang:Andtheloader?Boles:It'sa9508Caterpillar.Ithinkthevolumeofthebucketisaboutthreecubicyards.Yang:Whataretheirhireratesrespectively?Boles:Wheredoyouintendtousethem?Yang:Theywillbeusedtoexcavatethefoundationpitofthepowerhouseonthejobsite.Blastingwillbedonebeforetheexcavatorisused.Whattheexcavatordigisjustsmallbrokenpiecesoftherock.Theworkingconditionsarenotsobad.Boles:Well,Mr.Yang,wehavetworatesforyou.ThehourlyrateisUS$75fortheexcavatorandUS$50fortheloader.ThemonthlyrateisUS$22,500fortheexcavatorandUS$150,00fortheloader.Yang:Doestherateincludethefuelandtheoperator?Boles:Yes,andmaintenanceaswell.Yang:Howabouttherateifweprovidethefuelandtheoperator?Boles:Asarule,wehaveourownoperatorsanddon'tallowotheroperatorstouseourmachines.Youknow,themachinesareveryexpensive.Ihopeyouunderstand.Boles:However,ifyouprovidethefuelfreeofcharge,wecanreducetheratebyUS$5foreachhourorUS$l,500foreachmonth.Yang:Whowillberesponsibleforthetransportationoftheequipmentfromyourplantdepottoourjobsite?Boles:Ifthehiretermexceeds300workinghoursoroneworkingmonth,wewilltransporttheequipmentbytraileratourowncost.Otherwise,wewillchargeUS$200forthetransportationofeachmachine.Yang:Howdoyouusuallyrecordtheworkinghours?Boles:Ouroperatorfillsinthetimesheetswhicharecountersignedbyyoursitesuperintendent.Wehavesetformsoftimesheets.Everytimesheetwillbeinduplicate,onecopyiskeptbyeachside.Paymentwillbemadeaccordingtothetimesheets.Yang:Talkingaboutpayments,howoftendoyouwantthemtobemade?Boles:Attheendofeachworkingweek.Yang:WeprefertopayyoumonthlybecausewegetpaymentfromtheProjectOwnereverymonth.Weplantouseyourequipmentfortwomonthsthistime.It'snotashortperiod.Boles:Allright.Doyoumeanyouwillhiremoreequipmentinthefuture?Yang:Iwouldsayyesand,probably,onalongtermbasisifthecurrentratescouldbereducedby20percent.Thequantityofourexcavationworkhasincreasedduetothechangeoftheconstructiondesign.We'renowthinkingofbuyingorhiringadditionalequipment.Judgingbyourcalculation,itismorecost-effectivetohireequipmentifthehourlyhirerate,say,anexcavator,couldbearoundUS$60.Boles:Toshowourfriendshipandgoodwilltoestablishgoodrelationshipswithyou,IamwillingtogiveafivepercentdiscountoftheratesIquotedyoufortheexcavatorandtheloader.Ifyouhireanyequipmentfromusinthefutureforthreemonthsormore,wewillreducetheratebyfifteenpercent.Yang:Thankyou.Beforewehireyourmachines,weneedtohavethemtestedbyourmechanicalengineertoseeiftheyareingoodcondition.Wewanttoseethemworkingefficientlyonourjobsite.Willyoumakethatarrangementforus?Boles:Withpleasure.Whattimewouldbeconvenientforyou?Yang:HowaboutnextMondaymorning?Boles:OK.Butgivemeacallbeforeyoucome.Yang:Ifeverythingisallright,wewanttothemachinestobeginworkingbynextThursday.Boles:Noproblem.Assoonaswereceiveyournoticeandconfirmationofourtalktoday,wewilldeliverthemachines.toyou.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONS gettheprojectunderway 开始执行项目 deliver 运达，交付 purchasingclerk 采购人员 makeenquiries 询价，询问 negotiate 谈判，协商 supplycontract 供货合同 gothrough 通过，完成 formality 手续 customsagent 海关代理 engage 雇用 salesmanager 销售经理 localmarket 当地市场 catalogue （产品）目录 placeanorder 订货 favourableprice 优惠价格 constructiondesign 施工计划 asper 按照 lineofbusiness 业务范围 baggedcement 袋装水泥 inbulk 散装 technicaldata 技术数据 heatofhydration 水化热 compressivestrength 抗压强度 explosive 炸药 carrier 承运人，运输公司 shippingcompany 船运公司 freightrate 运输费 handlingrequirement 装卸要求 commodity 商品产品 container 容器 moisten 使……潮湿 dryseason 干季 takespecialprecaution 采取特别预防措施 safeguard 保护，使……安全 inlandtransport 内陆运送 escort 护送 nationalsecuritylaw 国家安全法 spreadout 分摊 fulfill 履行，完成 quotationsheet 报价单 match 达到，与…一致 constructionschedule 施工计划 miningoperation 开挖作业，采矿作业 heavyduty 重型的 bulldozer 推土机 excavator 挖掘机 loader 装载机 motorgrader 电动平地机 vibratingroller 振动碾 dumptruck 自卸卡车 cubicyard 立方码 foundationpit 基坑. fuel 燃料 operator 操作工 maintenance 保养. timesheet 计时单 countersign 会签，’副署 setform 固定格式 induplicate 一式两份 currentrate 现有价格，时价 cost—effective 经济的，合算的 goodwill 友好，：和善 discount 折扣，减扣 Miami 迈阿密(美国港口城市)N0TESToTHETEXT1.1.homecountry：(承包商)本国home在这里的意思是“国内的”，’如：homeoffice(公司总部)，home—made(国产的)，homeequipment(国产设备)。.2.incharge(of)：主管，负责如：thepersonincharge(负责人)，inchargeofpowersupply(负责电力供应)。charge也可作动词，意思是“收费”，“充电”，如：charge3dollarsfortheservice(收取服务费三元)，chargethebattery(给电瓶充电)3.HurricaneTradingCorporation：飓风贸易公司4.enquiringofMr.Chamberlainaboutsomeconstructionmaterials：就一些施工材料向Chamberlain先生询价enquireofsb.aboutsth.意思是譬就…向…询价问)”，如：enquireoftheprojectmanagerabouttheprogress(向项目经理询问进度情况)，enquireofthesupplierabouttheofficefurniture(向供应商询问办公家具的价格)。5.You'rewellinformed!：你的消息可真灵通！6.thanksto：由于在这里相当于owingto，becauseof。7.7.1umber：木材，木板美国人常说这个词，英国常说timber。8.cement：水泥注意，这个词还有“胶合剂”的含义。9.bitumen：沥青也可以说asphalt，但bitumen：包括的范围更大。10.PVCpipe：PVC管子PVC=polyvinylchloride(聚氯乙烯)11.11.hotrolledcorrugatedsteelbars：热轧竹节钢筋12.thefirstdelivery：在这里指的是“第一批订购的货物”。13.potentialcustomer：潜在顾客potential意思是“潜在的”，“有可能的”，如：potentialmarket(潜在市场)potentialmanager(未来的管理人员)。14.buildagoodbusinessrelationship：建立良好的商务关系15.Yousaidit.：你说得对。这是口语中在赞同别人时常说的一句话。16．PortlandCement：硅酸盐水泥，波特兰水泥．．17．ASTMC一150Specifications：美国材料试验学会c一150规范ASTM为AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials的缩写。18.contact:与…联系，接触这个词也可作名词，意思是“门路”，“联系”。例如：Thatmanhasa10tofcontactsinthebusinesscircle．(那个人在商界熟人很多。)Thisisthecontacttelephonenumberofouragent．Youcancallhimifyouneedanyhelp．(这是我方代理的联系电话，你需要帮忙时可给他打电话。)：．19．tobefrankwithyou：老实对你说常用作插入语20.loadingport：装货港英语中“卸货港”是unloadingport21．countrymanager：这里指的是“设在该国家的分公司经理”。22．TropicalShipping：这是一家船运公司的名称，意为："热带船运"。23．faxedyouourenquiry：将我方的询价函传真给你fax在口语中常用作动词，意思是send…by。fax(以传真的形式发送)。24．Powermax：一种炸药名称。25．firstofall：首先这是口语中常用的表达法，常放在句首。26。Fahrenheit：华氏温标“摄氏温标”为Centigrade，．二者的转换关系为。Fahrenheit＝(9／5℃）+3227．lowboy：一种低平板拖车，常用来运输重型设备。28．fileitwiththePoliceHeadquaters：向警察总署备案29．leasingandhiring：这是两个同意词组合，仍为“租赁”，的意思。英语中表示“租赁”意思的词还有rent。这几个词在有些场合下可替换使用，但我们常说hireaboat(租船)；rentahouse(租房子)；leaseapieceofland(租÷片地)。30．We’reinvolvedprimarilyin…：我们主要从事…beinvolvedin：意思是“从事”，“卷入例如：Thiscompanyisprimarilyinvolvedintheconstructionofroadsandbridges.(这个公司主要建设道路和桥梁。)Youwillbeinvolvedinthedisputeifyouputafingerinthematter．(如果你插手那件事，你将会卷入争端之中。)31．bucket：铲斗，挖斗这个词还常有“(水)桶”的意思。32a225Caterpillar：一台225型Caterpillar挖掘机Caterpillar后面省略了excavator一词，下文的a950BCaterpillar后面同样省略了loader一词。Caterpillar为一家机械设备公司的名子。33．plantdepot：设备存放场depot意思是“库”，“基地”，如：fueldepot(油库)，repairdepot(修理厂)。34．fillin：填写英国用法，在美国说fillout。EXERCISES1.WhenMr．Huangwantstoknowthepriceofthematerialheneeds，hesaystoMr．Chamberlain，“PleasequoteUSforCatalogueno．12…”(请给我们报产品目录第12号的价格。)；“SoquoteUStherateforbulkcement，please．”(请给我们报散装水泥的单价。)“Pleasequotesb．(theprice／rate)forsth．”isaveryusefulsentencepatternininvitingsupplierstoquotefortheirproducts，meaning“请给…报…的价格／单价。”Nowyoutrydoingthefollowing：A：Ourcompanydealsinvariousconstruct、ionmaterialsB：请给我们报毛骨料的价格。(PleasequoteUStherateforall-inaggregate．．)2)A：请给我们报这种马赛克的价格。．(PleasequoteUsforthiskindofmosaic．)B：What％thequantityyouaregoingtoorder?3)A：Wecanmakewindowsofthiskindaccordingto‘yourspecification．’B：请给我们报一百个的总价。(PleasequoteUSthelu．mpsumforonehundred．)1．WhenMr．2Iuimg-needssomecementbadly，hesays，“…we'reinurgentneedof500tonsofeachofTypes1and5ofPortlandCement，…”(我们急需一型和五型硅酸盐水泥各五百吨。)“beinurgentneedofsth．”means“急需…”Nowyoutrydothefollowing：1)A：我们急需十吨镀锌钢板，不知你方能否一周内交货。(We'reinurgentneedof10tonsofgalvanizedsteelsheet．1wonderifyoucoulddeliveritwithinoneweek．)B：Noproblem．2)A：Wecansupplythecoursesandatthepriceof10dollarspercubicyard．B：虽然我们急需，但恐怕价格太高，我们无法接受。．(Itistruethatwereinurgentneedofit，butI'm．afraidthepriceistoohighforUStoaccept．3)A：这种病属于传染性疾病，病人急需治疗。(Thisdiseaseiscontagiousandthepatient'sinurgentneedofmedicaltreatment．)B：Howlongwill．hebehospitalized?Inthetext，Mr．Bolessays，“…ifyouprovidethefuelfreeofcharge，wecanreducetheratebyUS$5foreachhour…”(如果你们免费提供燃料，我们可以每小时降低五美元。)；“IfyouhireanyequipmentfromUSinthefutureforthreemonthsormore，we’llreducetherateby15percent．”(如果今后你们从我方租用任何设备的时间达到或超过三个月，我们将把租费降低百分之十五。)“reducetheprice／rateby…”isaveryusefulexpressionwhentalkingaboutprice，meaning“把价格／费率降低…”。Nowyoutrydoingthefollowing：A：Thisisnotthefirsttimethatwebuytheasbestos-cementboard(石棉水泥板)fromyou．IhopeyoucangiveUSafavourableprice．B：好吧，对于你们这次的订购，我们降价百分之三。(AIIright．We'llreducethepriceby3percentforyourorderthistime,)A：如果你们不将此价格降低十元，我们只得从别处购买了。(Ifyoudon'treducethispriceby10dollars，wehavetomakethepurchasefromothermanufacturers．)B：I'mafraidtosayyou'reaskingtoomuch．A：我们对常客一般降价百分之五。希望您常来。(Asarule，wereducethepriceby5percenttoregularcustomers．Ihopeyoucouldcomeoften．)B：Thankyou．I’llkeepitinmind．背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS)(1)做好物资采购(procurementofgoods)工作是搞好国际工程承包的重要环节之一。这不仅因为材料与设备(materialsandequipment)在工程合同中占有很大的比重，而且其采购与供应直接关系到工程的进度与质量。特别是由于国际市场(internationalmarket)波动大，加之供货渠道(sourceofsupply)不广，因此，一个有经验的国际承包商(experiencedinternationalcontractor)往往十分重视工程承包中的物资采购工作。在投标前，承包商一般要在工程所在国及邻近国际进行市场调查(marketresearch)，寻中标后工程所用物资的货源。中标后，应根据施工组织设计(constructionmanagementplan)，编制物资供应总计划，交物资部门(purchasingdepartment)组织供应。物资部门接到计划后实施设备材料的采购工作。采购的第一步是询价，包括在承包商本国(homecountry)，工程所在国(countrywheretheprojectisexecuted)及第三国(thirdcountry)。凡在工程所在国能购到的材料设备，只要适用、经济，且符合工程合同之规定，就应尽可能在当地询价、采购。询价的方式一般用传真向几家供货商发出询价函，从中择优。询价时一定要将材料或设备的规格写清楚，以误购错，耽误工程的施工。对于大量的、重要的以及定期的采购(substantial，importantandregularpurchase)最好派专人进行口头谈判(verbalnegotiation)，以争取优惠的供货条件(specialterms)。对于一些特殊材料(specialmaterials)(如，炸药)，若采用离岸价(FOBprice)购买，则必须考虑到运输的安全问题。选择承运人(carrier)一定要慎重，不要单单根据运输费的报价来确定。租赁(1easingandhiring)也是施工设备(constructionequipment)供应渠道之一。施工设备的租赁一般用于两种情况：一种是在工程前期，在所购设备还没有到达现场之前，为了满足紧急开工的需要而租赁；另一种情况是，由于有些设备虽然是施工所必要的，但使用时间短，利用率低，对于此类设备也常常采用租赁方式。租赁施工设备除了要看租赁费，一定要派机械工程师去检查设备的运行情况，以确保租后设备在现场的工作效率和出勤率(workingefficiencyandproductivity)。UNIT5PROCURINGTHEGOODS(2)4.NegotiatingaSupplyContract(Tokeepallthevehiclesandequipmentrunningonthejobsite,alargequantityoffuelsandoilsareconsumedeveryday.Mr.HungistryingtonegotiateasupplycontractwithMr.Martinez,SalesManagerofEssoStandardOilLtd.,forthewholeconstructionperiod.)Huang:.Mr.Martinez,wehaveexaminedthedraftofthesupplycontractpreparedbyyourcompany.TherearesomeclausesthatIthinkneedtobeclarifiedoramended.Martinez:So,shallwegothroughthemonebyoneands.eeifwecanfinalizethemtoday?.Huang:OK.,Let'sstartwithClause2"ObjectOfContractJ'.Inaddi~iontopremiumgasolineanddiesel,wouldyou-beabletosupplyoilsaswell?Youknow,wealsoneedalotofthemfortheoperationofourequipment.Martinez:Inyqurfaxedletterof--June11,youjustmentionedth'atyouneededfuelsforyourproject,ifIremembercorrectly.That'swhyIputinonlygasolineanddieselthere.Huang:Thatwas,perhaps,leftoutinourletter,atypingmistake.Imeanttoincludeoils.Martinez:Nevermind.ESSOwouldbeverygladtosupplyallkindsofoil,suchasengineoil,hydraulicoilandlubricatingoil.Huang:That'sgood.Now,let'smoveontoClause4.It'saboutthetermofthesupplycontract.Inthisclause,itsays,"ThetermoftheSupplyContractisthreeyearsfromthisdateandtheContractwillexpireautomaticallyonthefirstdayofJanuaryonethousandninehundredandninety-five."It'struethatthecompletiontimeoftheHydroProjectwillbethreeyearsaccordingtoourpresentconstructionschedule.However,theProjectcouldbedelayedforaperiodoftimeorcompletedaheadofschedule.Younevercantell,evenanexperiencedcontractorlikeus.Canwechangethewordingtothis:"ThetermoftheSupplyContractstartsonthefirstdayofJanuaryofonethousandninehundredandninety-twoandwillexpireonthedateofcompletionoftheHydro-electricProject,forthepurposeofwhichallthefuelsandoilsarepurchasedbyCOCC."Martinez:Ihavenoobjection.Huang:InParagraph3ofClause6,whichstatesthemannerofdelivery,doestheterm"theBuyer'sorder"includebothverbalandwrittenorders?Martinez:Ourintentionisthat'theBuyer'sorder"meansanywrittenorderororderinwriting.Itdoesnotincludeverbalorders.Huang:Ihopeyouwillacceptourverbalorders,too.Sometimesweareinurgentneedofsomeitems,whichallowsusnotimetosendyouawrittenorder.Martinez:Mr.Huang,I'dliketoofferyoueverypossibleconveniencewecan,butverbalorderscouldeasilycauseproblems.Huang:Whynotputthewordingthisway:"-..afterhavingreceivedfromtheBuyerawrittenorder,oraverbalorderinwhichcasealetterofconfirmationwillfollowaccordingly."Martinez:Thisisacceptable.Huang:ThenextquestioncomesfromClause12"ImpossibilityofDeliveringProducts".Itisstatedinthisclausethatincaseyouarenotabletosupplyanyoftheproducts,youwillauthorizeustoacquireitfromanothersupplier.Ihaveaquestionhere.Clause16stipulatesyouwillgrantusathreepercentdiscountfromthemarketpriceforallwebuyfromyou,consideringourregularpuic'hase.Ifwebuytheproductfromanothersupplier,canyouguaranteethatweget'.itatthesamepriceandonthesameterms?Martinez:Inauthorizingyoutoacquiretheproductsfromothersuppliers,wewaiveourexclusivityonyouand,inreturn,youreleaseusfromanyliabilityforourfailuretodelivertheproducts.Huang:Itseemsunfairtous.ThereasonwhyweguaranteetobuyexclusivelyfromESSOforsuchalongperiodisthatwewanttogetwhatweneedcontinuouslyandatafavourableprice.SupposeIputinthecontractthat"IncasethatCOCCdoesnotbuyexclusivelyfromESSO,thenESSOisdeemedtobereleasedoftherequirementtodelivertheproductstoCOCC."Surelyyouwouldnotagreetosuchwording,andifwedoso,thissupplycontractismeaninglesstobothsides.Martinez:Letmeputitthisway.IncaseESSOcan'tsupplyanyoftheproductstoyou,itwillguaranteethatyoucangetitatthesamepriceandonthesametermsfromanothersupplierononecondition---thatis,youmustgotothesupplierwhichisdesignatedbyESSO.Whatdoyousay?Huang:Thatisreasonable.Martinez:Anyothercommentsonthiscontract?Huang:Alastone.AbouttheterminationofthecontractinClause16.Itsays,"IntheeventoftheSupplierfailingtoperformanyoftheobligationsunderthiscontract,theBuyermayterminatethecontractbygiving60days'noticeinwritingtotheSupplier."Ithinkthisisnotcomplete.Wehavetoinsertbetween"...theBuyermay"and"terminatethecontract..."wordinglikethis:",withoutreleasingtheSupplier'sliabilitiesforthebreach,".Martinez:OK.Iagree.5.EngagingaCustomsAgent.(AsalltheimportedgoodsareexemptedfromcustomsdutiesaccordingtotheContract,alotofmaterialsandsparepartsarepurchasedfromChinaandothercountries.Therefore;aCustomsagentisneededbytheContractortoobtaintheCustomsclearances.Mr.HuangistalkingwithMr.Valdes,areputableCustomsHouseBroker,aboutthechargesforactingastheContractor'sCustomsAgent.)Huang:Mr.Valdes,wehavebeenlookingforaCustomsagentfortheclearanceofourimportedgoodsandareinformedthatyouareoneofthebestCustomsbrokers.So,we'rehere.Valdes:Thankyou,Mr.Huang.Iamgladtohearthat.Wearefullyawarethatit'stotheirsatisfaction.Huang:Howmuchdoyouusuallychargeyourclient,please?Valdes:NormallyonepercentoftheCIFValue.Huang:That’sratheronthehighside.Valdes:Iadmitmychargeisalittlebitexpensive,butit'stheservicethatmatterspersonal,friendlycontactswithCustomsOfficers.Alltheseguaranteeanefficientandtime-savingclearanceofyourshipments.Huang:.Mr.Valdes,I'mnottalkingaboutasmallquantityofcargotobecleared.Youknowwearebuildingthedamstructureandthepower.houseofahydroproject.Weplantoimportovertenmilliondollars'worthofmaterialsandequipment.Valdes:Whatweareconcernedwithisthevalueofeachbatch.Theformalitiesarealmostthesamewhetherthecargotobeclearedisworthalotornot.Huang:Iamnotsosureoftheexactvalueofeachlot.Anyhow,itwon'tbelessthanUS$100,000invalueonaverage.Valdes:MayIknowwhat'sonyourmind?Huang:Arateofnomorethan0.75%oftheCIFValuemightbeacceptable.Totellthetruth,it'seasytofindaCustomsagentatthisrate.Iamherejustontherecommendationofafriendofminewhois,perhaps,yourfriend,too.Valdes:Thechargerateshouldbefixedaccordingtothequalityoftheservice.However,toshowourgoodwill,Iwouldliketoofferanotherwayofcalculatingthechargethatiscertainlyinyourfavourandacceptabletous.Huang:Pleasegoahead.Valdes:Foronebatchofcargo,we'llchargeyouonepercentonthefirstUS$25,000ofCIFValue,plus0.75%onthesecondUS$25,000,0.5%onthethirdUS$25,000,0.25%onthefourthUS$25,000and0.1%onthebalanceoverUS$100,000.Huang:Iagreetothismethod.Anotherthing,howlongdoesittakeyoutofinishclearingthecargothroughtheCustomsHouse?Valdes:.Normally,withinfourworkingdaysafterI'getfromyouimportpermit,billoflading,invoice,insurancepolicy,packinglistandallothernecessarydocuments,providedtheshipmenthasarrivedatthePort.Huang:Doyouthinkitpossibletomakeitshorter?Valdes:Mr.Huang,preparingthecustomsentryalonewilltakeusoneortwodays.Iwouldsaythatourserviceisthefastestamongallthelocalcustomsbrokers.Incaseyouneedthecargobadly,wewilltrytoobtainPDOsforit,butyouhavetosubmitasupportingdocument,statingthatitisinurgentneed.ThedocumenthastobecountersignedbytheProjectOwner'srepresentative.WewillapplywithitforaPDOtotheCustomsAuthorityonyourbehalfand,inmostcases,wecangetitbecausetheytrustme.Huang:Fine.1hopeourcooperationwillbetoourmutualbenefit.Valdes:Iamsurethatmayyearsofexperiencewillproveinvaluabletoyouinclearingallyourshipmentswithintheshortestpossibletime.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSconsume消耗，消费constructionperiod施工期draft草案，起草clause条款clarify澄清amend修正，修改finalize最终确定objectofthecontract合同标的diesel柴油faxedletter传真信函leaveout遗漏，漏掉typingmistake打印错误engineoil机油hydraulicoil液压油lubricatingoil润滑油moveontosth.接下来做（看）…termofthesupplycontract供货合同期expireautomatically自动到期completiontime竣工时间present现在的aheadofschedule比计划提前themannerofdelivery交货方式verbalandwrittenorder口头及书面命令authorize授权acquire获得regularpurchase定期购买guarantee保证onthesameterms以同样的条件waive放弃（专利）exclusivity专有（权）release…from/of解除wording措词meaningless无意义的ononecondition以一条件为前提comment评价，意见performobligations履行义务terminatethecontract终止合同importedgoods进口的货物beexemptedfrom免除Customsduty海关税Reputable有声誉的Customshousebroker海关经纪人toone'ssatisfaction另…满意beengagedin从事shipment装货，装运eachbatch每批货invalue按价值onaverage平均ontherecommendationof根据…的推荐goahead继续做，接着说balance剩余部分，余额importlicense进口许可证invoice发票insurancepolicy保险单packinglist装箱单Customsentry进口报关单submit提交supportingdocument证明文件onyourbehalf代表你方toourmutualbenefit对我们双方都有利invaluable非常宝贵的，无比的NOTESToTHETEXT1.EssoStandardOilLtd:Esso标准石油有限公司2.onebyone:逐个地请注意by这个词的这种用法，又如:twobytwd（两个两地），stepbystep(一步一步地)littlebylittle(一点一点地).3.startwith:从…开始这个词组后面常接开始的对象和内容，也可以说beginwith。例如:Let'sstartwiththeconcretecrew.(我们从混凝土队开始.)Knowledgestartswithpractice.(知识始于实践)4.inadditionto:除…之外（还有）等于besides,请不要与expect弄混5.premiumgasoline:高级汽油英语中"普通汽油''是regulargasolline,gasoline在口语中也可以说gas.6.oils:在此用复数形式用来表示"(非燃料的)各类由''如下文的engineoil,hydraulicoil及lubricatingoil等。请注意不可数名词中用法。7.Younevercantell,…；谁也不知道，很难预料也说Youcannervertell,这是口语中常用句型，相当于Youcanneverbesure.8.Sometimesweareinurgentneedofsomeitems,whichallowsusnotimetosendyouawrittenorder.:有时，我们急需一些油，来不及向你们发出书面命令。请注意这句话中定语从句的特殊用法，句中的关系代词which代替的是前面整个句字的意思，即：“急需油”这件事。allowsb.notimetodosth.:使某人没有时间做某事。9.failuretodelivertheprodcuts:未能交付这些产品fail/failuretodosth.意思是“未能做…”如下文的failingtoperformanyoftheobligationsunderthecontract即为：未能履行合同之义务。10.Whatdoyousay?:你对此有什么看法？这是口语中征求别人的看法时常说的一句话。11.intheeventof倘若，如果这个词组常用于合同及其他法律文件中。.12.givinga60days'notice:提前六十天发通知请注意英语这一表达法。13.CIFvalue:到岸价值这是一贸易术语，CIF是Cost,InsuranceandFreight(成本，保险费及运费)的缩写形式。14.That'sratheronthehighside.:你们的收费太高了。15.butit'stheservicethatmattersmore:但要看服务的质量matter在这里是动词，意思是“很重要”，“关系很大”，如我们在回答别人的歉意时，常常说，It,doesn'tmatter.（没关系）16.Weplantoimportovertenmilliondollars'worthofmaterialsandequipment.:我们计划进口价值一千万元以上的材料和设备。这句中worth是名词，相当于value。但在下文"...whetherthecargotobeclearedisworthalotornot."的worth则是一个后面常接宾语的形容词，意思是“植…”，“值得的”。例如:Thisbatchofgoodsisworthonehundredthousanddollars.(这批货值十万元。);.Thequalityisworthnoticing.(质量值得注意。)Thenewconstructionmethodisworthtrying.(新的施工方法值得尝试。)17.totellthetruth:老实说与前文的tobefrankwithyou用法相同。18.inyourfavour:对你方有利inone’sfavour这个词组在财务上还有“以…为受款人”的意思。例如:Thischequeisdrawninthesupplier'sfavour.(开具的这张支票的受款人是供货商。19.theCustomsHouse:常指“港口的海关”。20.providedtheshipmenthasarrivedattheport:如果货物已到港口provied在这儿是连词，是providedthat的省略形式，意思是“假如”，“以…为条件”。21.PDO:货物预提单这是pre-deliveryorder的缩写形式，指货物事先不经过海关验关就可提走的一中提货单(deliveryorder).EXERCISES1.WhenMr.HuanggivessuggestionsonhowtodrafttheclauseofMannerofDelivery,hesays,"Whynotputthewordingthisway?”(为什么不这样措词呢？或我看是否这样措词呢？)"Whynotdo...?"isaveryusefuloralexpressioningivingasuggestion,meaning“为什么不…呢？”or“我看是否…呢？”Now,youtrydoingthefollowing:1)A:Thetwodieselgeneratorsweorderedhavenotbeendeliveredtothejobsiteyet.B:为什么不给供货商打个电话问一问呢?(Whynotmakeacalltothesupplierandaskhimaboutit?)2)A:Iamafraidwewillnotbeabletofinishtheworkwithinthismonth..B:为什么不让工人加班呢?(Whynotasktheworkerstoworkovertime?)3)A:Wearethinkingofreferringthisdisputetoarbitration.B:为什么不友好解决呢？(Whynotsettleitinanamicableway?)2.WhenMr.HuangwantstoknowthetimerequiredforclearingthecargothroughtheCustomsHouse,heasks,“…howlongdoesittakeyoutofinishclearingthecargothroughtheCustomsHouse？”（你们办理货物请关需要多长时间）“Ittakessb.sometimetodosth..”isveryusefulexpressionindescribingthetimerequiredtodosomething,meaning“需要花费…时间才能完成某事”。Now,youtrydoingthefollowing:1)A:这项工程你们需要多长时间完成?(Howlongwillittakeyoutocompletethisproject?)B:About5years.2)A:你们花费多少天完成这块混凝土的立模?(Howmanydaysdidittakeyoutofinisherectingtheformworkforthisblockofconcrete?)B:About5days.3)A:我想我们至少还需要一个月的时间完成调压井的开挖。(Ithinkitwilltakeusatleastonemoremonthtofinishtheexcavationofthesurgeshaft.)B:Really?That'samuchlongertimethanexpected.背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS)(2)对于工程常用油料(oilsandfuels),需要能保证长期得到供应以及获得优惠价格。为此，承包商一般与一家当地石油公司（localoilcompany）签定一个供应合同。合同草案（draftofcontract）常指供应商拟定，经承包商与其协商修改后签定。承包商的合同管理人员一定要对合同逐条加以研究，弄清合同中每句话的含义，确保不因为合同签定的不合理而遭受损失（sufferlosses）。如在课文中，供应商提供的合同文本中有这样一句话：“一旦供应商不能供应任何油料，则他将授权买方（承包商）从另一供应商去购买“，却对买方由此可能遭受的损失只字不提。由于合同的起草方一般掌握着合同中各项规定的主动权，所以，承包商应力争成为合同的起草方，因此，承包商的合同管理人员应具有英语起草合同的能力。这就要求此类人员具备很高的语言水平和专业素质（proficiencyinEnglishandprofessionalcompetence）。在国外承包工程，往往需进口大量物资，因而通常雇佣一海关代理（Customsagent），帮助承包商办理清关手续。选择代理人一定要看其声誉和能力，以保证货物到港后能很快转运到工程现场，及时投入使用。关于代理费（agencycommissions）,一个声誉好的代理人（行）一般都有自己的收费标准。但由于工程承包需进口大量物资，每批货的价值也比较大，对代理人很有吸引力，因此，收费标准也是可以谈判商定的。最后双方签订代理协议书(agencyagreement).货物清关的大致程序是:1.承包商将货运单提交代理人。货运单据常包括进口许可证(importlicence);提单(billoflading);商业发票(commercialinvoice)或形式发票(pro-formainvoice);装箱单(packinglist);保险单(insurancepolicy);原产地证书(certificateoforigin)等2.清关代理准备进口报关单(Customsentry).3.海关在审核各种单证一致（consistent）,并与到港物资相符后，允许承包商提货(collectthegoods)。在某些国家，如果提货人能证明待提货为急需物品(goodsurgentlyneeded),则可申请货物预定单(pre-deliveryorder/PDO),若获得此单证，则所提货物可在港口处不经过验关即可取走，验关工作可由海关派员到进口人货物仓库进行。由于承包商的进口物资采用集装箱(container)装运,若在海关验关(Customsinspection)，则极为麻烦，所以，尽量要求代理人为所进口物资获得此类预定单。UNIT6TRAININGEQUIPMENTOPERATORSAsthereisatunnelofaboutthreemilestobeexcavatedfortheHydroelectricProject,twoJTH2A-90TwoBoomsHydraulicWheelJumboshavebeenpurchasedfromFurukawaCo.Ltd.,Japan.Becausethiskindofequipmentisanewmodel,theManufacturer,requestedbytheContractor,sendsMr.Sunaga,amechanicalengineer,totraintheoperatorssothatthetwo'machinesareusedefficientlyandsafely.1.ArrangingtheTraining(Thephonerings)Secretary:COCCoffice.CanIhelpyou?Saito:Hello,mayIspeaktothepersoninchargeofequipment?Secretary:Justaminute,please.(callsMr.Huang)Mr.Huang,you'rewantedonthephone.Huang:Hello,mynameisHuang.Iaminchargeofthecargo.Saito:Hello,Mr.Huang.ThisisalongdistancecallfromUSABranchOfficeofFurukawa.Myname'sSaito.OurheadquartersinJapanhaveaskedmetocontactyouaboutthetrainingofyouroperatorsfortherockdrilljumbosyou'veboughtfromus.Huang:Ihavebeenwaitingforyourcall,Mr.Saito.Iaminformedbytheshippingcompanythatthemachineshavearrivedattheportandwewillgetthemdeliveredontooursitewithinthenextfewdays.Saito:Whendoyouwantustosendourengineertoyouthen?Huang:Weplantodothetrainingfrom15thto27thofthismonth,aweekfromtoday.So,Iwantyourengineertoarrivehereon13thor14th.Saito:OK,Mr.Huang.Huang:OnethingIhavetomention,doestheengineerspeakEnglish?NooneherecanspeakJapanese.Saito:WewillsendMr.Sunagatoyou.He'sbeenstayingintheUnitedStatesfornearly3yearsandspeaksverygoodEnglish.Don'tworryaboutit.Oh,weneedaletterofinvitationfromyou.PleasesendittoUSassoonaspossiblesothatMr.Sunagacangethisvisaintime.Huang:We'lldothatthroughtheOwnertomorrow.Saito:CouldyougototheairporttopickupMr.Sunaga?Huang:Sure.Saito:Bytheway,haveyoureceivedtheOperationManualsandthePartsBooks?Theywillbeusefulduringthetraining.Huang:Notyet.Yourheadquarterstoldusthatwewillreceivethemby11thatthelatest.Saito:OK,Mr.Huang,incaseyouneedanyhelp,justletmeknow.Huang:Thankyou,Mr.Saitoandthanksforcalling.2.On-siteTraining――Operating(Mr.SunagaisshowingtheChineseoperatorshowtooperatetherockjumbo.)Sunaga:Firstofall,letmegiveyouabriefdescription.Thismachineisafullyhydraulicwheeltypejumbowithtwobooms.Itisdesignedandmanufacturedwithup-to-dateengineeringtechniquesonthebasisofmanyyearsofourexperience.Itis11.1metreslong,2.17metreswideand2.8metreshighwithagrossweightof18tonnes.Operator:What'sthegradeabilityofit?Sunaga:15degrees.Beforeitclimbsaramp,makesurethattheslopeislessthanthat,otherwiseyouwillhavetousealoaderorsomethingthatpullswelltohelp.Operator:Whatabouttheminimumturningradius?Imeantheouterradius.Sunaga:8metres.Tobesafer,youmustdriveitasslowlyaspossiblewhenyouhavetoturnitatsucharadius.Now,let'shavealookatthismachinepartbypart.Thesearethetwodrifters……(Afterdescribingalltheparts)Sunaga:Ithinkyouhaveageneralpictureofitnow.Let'scometotheoperationprocedure.Beforeoperatingthismachine,thefirststepistochecktheengineoil,hydraulicoil,brakefluidandcompressoroil.Youmustbecertainthattheoilsarewithinthespecifiedrangesoftheoillevelgauges.Tochecktheoillevelsaccurately,youneedtoplacethemachinehorizontally.Ifyouwanttorechecktheoillevelafterfillingwithoil,waitforseveralminutes.Ittakessometimeforoiltoreachthesump.Secondly,youhavetoseewhetherthereareanylooseboltsordamagedoilhoses.Tightenthechecknutsifnecessary.Afteryoufinishallthis,youcanstarttheengine.Now,I'llshowyouhowtostarttheengine.Watchcarefullyandfollowme.Pullthisenginecontrolleverslightly,approximately5degrees,andturnthisstarterswitchto"HS"......Thenextstep,averycriticalone,isthedrillingoperation.Whenyoudriveuptotheworkingface,lowertheoutriggerstostabilizethemachine.Thenyouconnectthewaterhoseandblowairhose,likethis.Nowthereelcable.BesureeverythingisOKbeforeyouturnonthemainswitchofthepowersupply.Thevoltagereadingonthecontrolpanelmustbe380V.Warmupthemachineforprotectionofthedevicesuntiltheoiltemperatureanomalylampisextinguished.Nowyoucanproceedwiththedrillingoperation.Lookcarefully,firstthrowtherotationleverforwardslowlyand……Onethingtoremindyou.Thisisatropicalregionandoftenthetemperatureisquitehigh.Afterworking,remembertoidletheengineforsometimetoletitcooldownbeforeyoustopit.3.On-siteTraining----MaintenanceandTroubleShooting(Mr.Sunagaisshowingtheoperatorshowtomaintainthemachineandshoottroubles.)Sunaga:Todaywe'llseehowtodothetroubleshootingandmaintainthemachine.Allofourmachineshavepassedthestrictinspectionsandtestsbeforesaleandcanbeusedsafely.However,theperformance,safety,workingefficiencyandservicelifegreatlydependonyourdailyhandlingandmaintenance.HaveyougottheOperationManualswithyou?Operator:Yes.Sunaga:Fine.We'llrefertotheManualaswegoalong.AsIsaidjustnow,regularmaintenanceisveryimportantinensuringthatthemachineisalwaysoperatedinthebestconditions.Let'sseewhatwehavetodotomakethemachineworkwell.Again,changethehydraulicoilifitisfoundtobecontaminatedormoistureismixedinit.Thisisthefirstthingyoumustkeepinmindbecausehydraulicoilplaysaveryimportantroleinthemachine'sfunctioning.Asyouknow,thisisahydraulicjumbo.Youhavetoreplacetheoilfiltersandtheaircleanersatregularintervals...Operator:Howoftendowereplacethem?Sunaga:Fortheoilfilters,50workinghoursforthefirsttimeonanewmachineandafterthat,every300hours.Fortheaircleaners,every400hours.It'sbettertocleanthemduringtheinterval.Nowlet'smoveontothedriveunitarea.Yougreasethecentrebearingevery40workinghoursand...Nextishowtodothetroubleshooting.Sometimesproblemsoccurduringtheoperation.Firstyoutrytofindwherethetroublelies.Supposethegradeabilityispoor.Wheredowehavetocheck?Operator:Wehavetoseeiftheparkingbrakeandthefootbrakearereleasedcompletely.Sunaga:Ifyes,thenwheredowegonext?Operator:Iamnotsure,perhaps...Sunaga:Youcanfindtherightanswerinthetroubleshootingflowchartonpage81oftheManual.Thatis,wegoontocheckwhetherthere'reanyoilleakages,whetherthehydraulicoillevelistooloworcontaminatedorthesuctionfilterisclogged.So,alwaysrefertotheChartforhelpifyou'renotsureofhowtolocatethetrouble.Operator:Howdoweknowit'stimetooverhaulthemachine?Sunaga:Normally,onlytheunits,liketheengine,thetwodriftersandthecompressorsneedtobeoverhauled.Theotherpartsneedtobecheckedandmaintainedregularlyonly.Youcanfindwhat.needtobeoverhauled,andhowmanyhourstheyworkbeforetheyshouldbeoverhauled,intheManual.Tocontrolleveroverhaultheunits,youneedtoworktogetherwithyourmechanicalengineerinthisfieldoraskusforhelp,forsomeoftheproceduresarequitecomplicatedandspecialtoolsareneeded.Anyquestions?Operator:Wedon'thaveanyfor-themoment.Sunaga:OK.Tomorrow,wewillpractisedrillingtherockwiththemachine.Operator:We'reeagertotryforourselves.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONS equipmentoperator 设备操作工 tunnel 隧洞 boom 转臂 jumbo 钻车，台车 mechanicalengineer 机械工程师 manufacturer 制造商 branchoffice 分公司 letterofinvitation 邀请函 visa 签证 operationmanual 操作手册 partsbook 零件手册 briefdescription：， 简述 up-to—date 最新的 engineeringtechnique 工程技术 gradeability 爬坡能力 ramp 斜坡，坡道 radius 半径 drifter 凿岩机 generalpicture 概貌，大致情况 operationprocedure 操作程序 brakefluid 刹车油 compressor 压缩机 specifiedrange 规定的范围 oillevelgauge 油标尺 sump 油箱，油槽 bolt 螺栓 oilhose 油管 checknut 防松螺母 engine 发动机 controllever 控制杆，操纵杆 starterswitch 启动开关 drillingoperation 钻孔作业 workingface 工作面 outrigger (钻车)支架，支腿 stabilize 使……稳定 Waterhose 水管。 blowairhose 喷气管 reelcable 卷盘电缆 mainswitch 主开关 voltagereading 电压读数 controlpanel 控制盘 warmup 预热 oiltemperatureanomalylamp 油温反常指示灯 extinguish 熄灭，扑灭 tropicalregion 热带地区 cooldown 冷却 workingefficiency 工作效率 servicelife 服务寿命，工作寿命 refertotheManual 参照手册 inthebestconditions 处于最佳状态 contaminate 污染 moisture 水汽,潮湿 keepinmind 牢记 functioning 功能 oilfilter 机油滤芯 aircleaner 空气滤芯 centrebearing 中心轴承 brake’ 制动器，刹车 release 释放，松开 flowchart 流程图 oilleakage 漏油 suction 吸油(管) clog 堵塞 locatethetrouble 确定故障位置 overhaul 大修NOTESTOTHETEXT1.JTH2A-90TwoBoomsHydraulicWheelJumbo：JTH2A-90型双臂液压轮胎式钻岩台车这是一种常用的洞挖设备。2.FurukawaCo.Ltd：谷河股份有限公司是日本的一家设备制造销售商。C0．Ltd等于CorporationLimited。在英语中，“有限公司”英国人一般说LimitedCorporation，而美国人一般说Incorporatedcorporation3.you’rewantedonthephone：有你的电话这是喊别人接电话时的用语。4.longdistancecall；长途电话这是美国用法，在英国常说trunkcall．5.rockdrilljumbos：钻岩台车与下文的rockjumbo一样，都是在-口语中对前面的JTH2A--90TwoBoomsHydraulicWheelJumbo的简称。6.getthemdeliveredontoourjobsite：(派人或找陆运公司)将其运到工地getsth．done意思是“请或使人做某事”。请注意此英语表达法。7．pickup：(开车)去接某人例如：PleasegotothesiteofficetopickupMr．Wang．(请去现场办公室去接王先生。)8.on－sitetraining：现场培训，on－site意思是“在现场的”，如：on－sitevehicle(现场车辆)，on－siteassembly(现场组装)，on－siteconcreteproduction(现场混凝土生产)。9.grossweight：总重量英语中“净重”是netweight。10.tonne：特指metricton(公吨=1000公斤)ton则可指longton(长吨一2240磅)，shortton(短吨=2000磅)，也可指metricton(公吨)。11.pullwell：拉力大，牵引力大口语化用法。12.turningradius：转弯半径课文中的Outerradius为“外半径”。13.placethemachinehorizontally：将台车放平horizontally的形容诃形式horizontal(水平的)在工程中很常用，如：horizontalapplication(水平安装)，horizontalauger(卧式钻机)，horizontalbar(横向钢筋)horizontal—drummixer(卧筒式搅拌机)，horizontalplane(水平面)。“竖直的”英语是vertical。14.throwtherotationleverforward：向前推旋转杆throw在此是“推动(操作杆)”的意思，相当于push。15.idletheengine：使发动机空转idle在此用作动词，意思是“使……空转”，这个词常作形容词，如，runidle(窝工)，idletime(窝工时间或停机时间)，idleunit(闲置设备)。16.maintenance：保养，维护工程的“维修期”英语就可以说maintenanceperiod。17．troubleshooting：故障排除，检修18．performance：此处是“性能”的意思。19．driveunit：驱动装置20.parkingbrakeandemergencybrake：停车刹车和脚刹车英语也说handbrakeandfootbrake21．grease：给…加润滑油(黄油)这个词此处是动词，但它常作名词，意思是“润滑脂”，“黄油”22．forthemoment：暂时EXERCISES1．Inthetext，wehavelearnedmanyspecialtermsandexpressionsfortheoperationofamachine．Now，youtrytranslatingthefollowingsentences：1)在使用本机器前，操作员一定要仔细厨读操作手册。(Beforeusingthismachine，theoperatormustreadtheOperationManualcarefully)2)为了能够安全操作机器，要严格遵照手册中的说明。(Tooperatethemachinesafely,observetheinstructionsintheManualstrictly)3)若机器在操作过程中不正常，要立即停止使用检修。(Ifthemachinemalfunctionsduringtheoperation,stopatoncetocheck.)4)在下坡时，使用的速度档要与上坡时相同。(WhengoingdownaslopeiUsethegearemployedforgoinguptheslope.)5)注意，由于机身很长，在改变行走方向时，前后两端的摆动力要比想象的大。(Notethat，sincethemachineisverylong，thefrontandrearendsswaygreaterthananticipatedwhenchangingthetravelingdirection．)6)如果油泵突然停下，要立即切断主电源开关。(Iftheoilpumpstopssuddenly，turnoffthemainpowerswitchimmediately.)7)每六百小时，要打开油箱排油塞，将废机油从油箱排净，。然后再加两加仑好机油。(Every600hours，removethedrainplug，draintheusedoilfromthesump，then，fillitwithgallonsoffleshoil.)8)自于发动机使用的燃料质量极大地影响其性能和寿命，所以，要使用优质柴油。(Sincethequalityoffuelusedaffectstheperformanceandservicelifeoftheenginetoagreatextent，usegoodqualitydieselfuel.)2．ItisveryusefulformechanicalengineersandequipmentoperatorstounderstandsomeEnglishfortheoperationandmaintenanceofamachine．Now，youtrytranslatingthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Pullouttheoillevelgauge，wipeitcleanwitharag，insertitfullyagain，takeitoutgentlyandcheckthepositionwettedwithoilonthegauge．(将油标尺取出，用擦试布擦净，再将其完全插入，轻轻拿出，检查一下油标尺的油湿位置。)2)Bybrushorthelike，applyathincoatofgreaseontheinsideoftheoutsideoilhoseseveryotherweek．(每隔一周，用刷子或类似用具在外露油管内侧涂上一层薄薄的润滑油。)3)Beforewelding，cuttingandgrinding，putacoverontheoiIhosesandplaceafireextinguishernearathand．(在焊接、切割及磨削之前，要将油管盖好，并在身边备一个灭火器。)4)Ifthecompressorautomatic/manualchangesnapswitchissetatAuto，thecompressorstartsapproximately2secondsafterstartingtheoilpumpwithouthavingtopressthecompressorrunpush--buttonswitch．(如果压缩机自动／手动转换开关处于“自动”位置，在油泵启动后大约两秒钟，压缩机自动启动，而不必再按压缩机启动开关按钮。)背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS)当今的工程项目(constructionprojects)建设的机械化程度(mechanization)越来越高，对于国际工程建设项目尤其如此。这一方面是因为工程施工所在国往往对承包商带入的施工人员的数量加以限制，另一方面是由于国际工程的工期一般很紧迫，随着建筑工程施工设备制造业的发展，不断有新型的、高效率的施工设备出现，这为施工的高度机械化提供了可能。由于新型的、高效率的(newandefficient)施工设备十分昂贵，而操作工可能又不太熟悉，为了保证设备的工作效率和使用寿命，(workingefficiencyandservicelife)，承包商在购买设备时，常要求设备制造商到施工工地对操作工及有关机械工程师进行操作和维修方面的现场培训。关于培训过程，一般制造商的技术人员先对设备做总体介绍(ageneralpicture)，包括设备的规格和性能(specificationandperformance)。然后，对设备组成部分一一详细说明，接下来讲解具体的操作步骤。最后指导被培训人员怎样做日常保养、检修及故障排除(maintenance，repairandtroubleshooting)。不管设备购自哪国，。一般培训语言(traininglanguage)常使用英语，操作维护手册(OperationandMaintenanceManual)；也常是英语编写的。如果我们从事这方面工作的翻译人员、机械工程师j甚至操作工能够听懂、会说、会读这方面的英语用语，对于我们的翻译人员来说，乃至熟悉一些设备常识，这将很大程度上提高我们的工作效率。UNIT7MANAGEMEWOFLOCALLABOURForsomereasons,theContractorcannotbringsufficientmanpowertotheProjectOwner'scountryand,therefore,hastoemploylocallabour.Alotmustbedoneinordertohaveahighlyproductivelocalworkforce.1.HiringLocallabour(SeveralequipmentoperatorsanddumptruckdriversareneedfortheHydroproject.Afterthejobvacancieshavebeenadvertisedinthenewspaper,thejobseekerscometothesiteofficeforinterviews.Mr.Zhangisreceivingthem.)JobSeeker:Goodmorning,Iamaskingaboutyouradvertisementforoperators.Zhang:Whatkindofjobareyoulookingfor?JobSeeker:Iamabulldozeroperator.SoIwanttoworkhereasabulldozeroperator.Zhang:Iamsorry.Thevacanciesforbulldozeroperatorshavebeenfilled.Youshouldhavetriedearlier.JobSeeker:Whatapity;Zhang:Ifyoulike,youcanfillinthisapplicationformandleaveusyourtelephonenumber.Assoonaswehaveajobthatsuitsyou,wewillgiveyouacall.JobSeeker:Sorry,Idon'thaveatelephone.Ihaveputmydetailedaddresshereonthisform.Pleasesendmeletteronceyouhaveajobforme.Zhang:Right.Ihopewe'llsoonhaveajobforyou.JobSeeker:Thanksalot.**********JobSeeker:Excuseme,Isawinyouradvertisementthatyouhavesomevacanciesfordumptruckdrivers.Aretheystillavailable?Zhang:Westillhavetwovacanciesforten-wheeldumptruckdrivers.JobSeeker:Luckyenough.Iamlookingforajobasadriver.1Zhang:MayIseeyourdrivinglicense?JobSeeker:Certainly,hereitis.Zhang:Howlonghaveyoubeendrivingthiskindoftruck?JobSeeker:Tenyears.Hereisaletterofrecommendationfrommypreviousemployer.Zhang:Fine.MayIaskwhyyouquittedthejobthere?JobSeeker:IliveinSanIgnacio.ThecompanyIworkedwithistoofarfrommyhome.Besides,thetransportationisnotconvenient.Zhang:DoyouhaveyourIDwithyou?JobSeeker:Yes.Hereyouare.Zhang:AndyourSocialSecurityJobSeeker:Ihadone,butlostitlastweek.Ifyouacceptme,IwillapplytotheSocialSecurityBoardforanewone.IthinkIcangetitwithinaweek.Zhang:OK.Thisisanapplicationform.Pleasefillitin.Tomorrowyoucomehereforadrivingtest.Ifyoupassit,youwillbeaprobationaryworkerfortwoweeks.Thatmeanswewilltryyoufortwoweeks.Ifyouprovetobeaqualifieddriverduringthatperiod,youwillbecomeaformalworkerandcanworkwithusuntilthishydroprojectiscompleted.JobSeeker:Howmuchdoyoupay,please?Zhang:Thestartingwageis25dollarsforadayshiftand30foranightshift.Oneshiftissevenhoursandahalf,withextrapayforovertimework,ifany.Youwillhavethechancetogetariseifyouprovetobeagoodworker.JobSeeker:DoIhavetoliveonthesitecamp?Ifnot,howdoIgettoithejobsiteeveryday?Zhang:Weprovidefreetransportationforallourworkers.:YousaidyouliveinSanIgnacio?Mostofourlocalworkerscomefromthisarea.Wehaveabusthatcarriesourworkersfromourbusstopin'SanIgnaciodirectlytothejobsite.JobSeeker:That'sgood.SowhattimedoIcomehereforthetesttomorrow?Zhang:YoucancomeonourbuswhichleavesSanIgnacioatsixthirtyinthemorning.Whenwearrive,pleasecometome.I’llarrangethetestforyou.JobSeeker:Allright.Whatifthebusdriverwon’tletmegetonthebus?Zhang:Don'tworry.Takethisnoteandshowittothedriver.JobSeeker:Thankyou,sir,I'llseeyoutomorrow.Zhang:OK,seeyoutomorrowandgoodluck.2.AMeetingwiththeLabourOffice(Mr.Zhang,representingtheContractor,andMr.Carson,representingtheProjectOwner,arehavingameetingonlabourissueswithMr.Young,alabourofficerattheofficeoftheLabourDepartment.)Young:Gentlemen,I'veaskedyoutobeheretodaytohaveatalkonsomelabourissues.Recently,mydepartmenthasreceivedcomplaintsfromworkersemployedattheHydroProject.They'vecomplainedthatthey'reoftenunderpaidandthattheworkingconditionsarepoor.I'dliketoknowtherolesplayedbytheOwnerandtheContractor.Carson:Letmebrieflyexplaintheresponsibilitiesofeachside.AstheOwner,wearetheinvestoroftheProjectandfinancetheprojectonly.ItistheContractorthathirestheworkersandconstructsthisprojectdirectly.WearerequiredbytheContracttogivethemassistanceinthisrespect.Therefore,theyareresponsibleforpayingtheworkersandtakingcareofthebenefits.Zhang:That'strue.Atpresent,wedohavesomeproblemswiththelocalworkers.OnereasonisthepoorcommunicationsbetweentheChineseforemenandthelocalworkersbecauseofthelanguagebarrier.MostoftheChineseheredon'tknowEnglish.Sotimekeepingerrorsoccureasily.Perhapsthat'swhysomeoftheworkinghoursaremissingontheworker'stimesheets.We'retryingtosolvethisproblem.Themanagerhasputmeinchargeofalllocalworkers.Fromnowon,theworkerscancometomeatanytimewhentheyhaveproblemsinanyrespect.Meanwhile,wearegivingtheChineseforemenashortEnglishlanguagetrainingprogramsothattheycantalktothelocalworkersinsimpleEnglishtoavoidmisunderstandings.Ihaveanotherpointtomakeaboutthelocalworkers'pay.Accordingtorelevantlawsofyourcountry,astheemployeroftheworkershere,weareresponsiblefordeductingtheirSocialSecuritycontributionsandincometaxfromtheirweeklypayandsubmittingthemtotheSocialSecurityBoardandtheIncomeTaxOfficerespectively.Therefore,onthepayroll,wagesarenotasmuchastheythoughttheyshouldget.Young:Yes,it'slegaltodedcuttheirSocialSecuritycontributionsandincometax,Mr.Zhang.However,beforeyoumakeanydeductions,youshouldmakeitcleartoalltheworkers,andasisourlocalpractice,allthedeductionsmustbeshown-on.thepayrollssothattheworkersareclearabouthowmuchtheirtake-homepayshouldbe.1Youknow,theworkersarequiteconsciousoftheirpaybecausemostofthemhaveafamilytosupport.Iftheythinktheyareunderpaid,itwillaffecttheirturnoutandtheirproductivity.Zhang:Iquiteagreewithyou.1'11adoptyoursuggestions.Young:Howabouttheworkingconditionsforalltheworkers?Zhang:Wehaveprovidedhardhatsandraincoatstoalltheworkersfreeofcharge.Wealsoprovidefreetransportation.Young:That'snotenough.Forsuchaproject,canvasglovesandpropershoesarealsorequiredforworkprotectionunderourlabourlaw.Zhang:OK.We'lldothat.Young:Isdrinkingwateravailableatthemajorworkareas?Zhang:WehaveorderedtwopickupsfromtheUnitedStates,speciallyfordeliveryofdrinkingwatertoeachworkarea.Assoonastheyarehere,wewillputtheminuse.Young:Whataretheworkinghoursandpayrates?Zhang:Wenowhavetwoshifts:7a.m.-3p.m.and3p.m.-1lp.m.Eachshifthasahalf-hourlunchbreak.Theshortlunchbreakhasbeenrequestedbytheworkerssoastoshortentheirtimeatthesiteandgobackhomeearlier.Young:Letmetellyou,Mr.ZhangandMr.Carson,thatSection121oftheLabourLawrequiresaone-hourlunchbreakunlessapprovalhasbeengivenbytheCommissionerofLabour.Zhang:WillyougetsuchapprovalfromtheCommissionerforus,Mr.Carson?Carson:Allright,butgivemealetterofapplicationbeforeIseekit.Zhang:WillyoupleasegetmeacopyoftheLabourLaw,Mr.Young,sothatIcangetacompleteunderstandingofthestipulations?Young:Hereisonecopyofthecondensedversionforyou.Zhang:Thankyou.Young:Ihavetoremindbothofyouthatalltheworkersareentitledtoatwo-weekvacationwithpayforeverytwelvemonthsofwork.They'realsoentitledtosixteendaysofsickleavewithpayaftersixtydaysofworkiftheyprovidevalidmedicalevidence.OnethingtowhichI'ddrawyourparticularattention.Iftheworkersarerequiredtoworkonpublicholidays,makesurethattheygetreasonablepay.YoucanfindthewaytocalculatehowmuchtheworkersshouldbepaidinSection86oftheLabourLaw.Carson:AstheProjectOwner,wewillurgetheContractortofollow-allrelevantregulations.Zhang:Wewilltryourbesttomakeourworkerssatisfiedwithus.Young:LetmereaffirmthateveryemployermustcomplywiththeLabourLawandpayseriousattentiontoalltheworkers'welfare.Frommypocfitofview,ahappyworkforceinagoodworkingenvironmentismostproductive.Zhang:Icertainlyagree.Young:Mydepartmentwillbealwaysavailableforconsultationonanylabourissues.Zhang:Thankyouforyoursupport.Carson:Mr.Young,IwouldliketoinviteyouandtheCommissionertovisittheprojectatyourconvenience.Young:Thankyou.Wesurelywill.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSmanpower劳动力highlyproductivelocalworkforce高生产率的当地民工jobseeker求职者advertise刊登广告bulldozeroperator推土机操作工fillthevacacy弥补空缺，名额已满whatapity真不巧，真可惜applicationform申请表detailedaddress详细地址ten-wheeldumptruck十轮自卸车welder焊工drivinglicenser驾驶执照aletterofrecommendation推荐信SocialSecuritycard社会保险卡drivingtest驾驶测试probationaryworker试用工qualifieddriver合格的司机formalworker正式工extrapayforovertimework加班工资freetransportation免费交通represent代表ProjectOwner项目业主labourissues劳工问题labourofficer劳动官员LabourDepartment劳动司complaint抱怨workingconditions工作条件investor投资者financetheproject为项目提供资金construct建造takecareofthebenefits负担津贴atpresent现在，当今poorcommunications交流不便languagebarrier语言障碍timekeepingerror计时错误putsb．inchargeofsth让…负责…meanwhile同时Englishlanguagetrainingprogram英语培训班simpleEnglish简单英语haveapointtomake有一点要说明deduct扣除payroll工资单makeanydeductions扣除take—homepay实得工资bequiteconsciousof对…很敏感(在意)turnout出勤，产额productivity生产率，工作效率．adoptone’Ssuggestions采纳…的建议canvas．Gloves帆布手套workprotection劳动保护majorworkarea主要工作区workinghours工作时间lunchbreak午饭时间comissioner专员，政府部门的负责人aletterofapplication申请函stipulation规定condensedversion压缩版本vacationwithpay带资休假sickleavewithpay带资休病假validmedicalevidence有效的医疗证明publicholiday公共假日，公休日followallrelevantregulations．遵守一切有关规定reaffirm重申workers’warefare工人的福利complywiththeLabourLaw遵守劳动法goodworkingenvironment良好的工作环境consultation商量，磋商，征求意见atone’sconvenience在…反复边的时候NOTESTOTHETEXT1．locallabour：当地劳工1ahour．为“劳工”总称，不可数，若说“十个工人”，则为tenlabourers.2.jobvacancy：招工名额vacancy意思是“空缺”，形容词形式是vacant。如到一个旅馆(hotel)要住宿，常问，Doyouhaveanyvacantrooms?(还有空房间吗?)，3．Youshouldhavecomeearlier0你要来早了就好了。这句话是虚拟语气的一种形式。在英语中，这种虚拟语气形式常用来表示责备、遗憾、懊悔等心情。例如：Youshouldhavefinishederectingthesteelbarsyesterday．(表示责备)(你们本应昨天就该完成绑扎钢筋的工作。)Weshouldhavetakenprecautionsagainstthebadweather．(表示懊悔)．(我们本应对恶劣天气有所防范。)4．givesb.acall：给…打电话这是美国用法，英国人常说givearing。5．Luckyenough．：真幸运，真巧这是一个省略句，全句为Iamluckyenough．在英语口语中，常有省略句。例如：Whereto?’(去哪?)(等于Whereareyougoing?)Whataluck!(真倒霉!)(等于Whatahadluckitis!)6.quitthejob：辞掉工作quit意思是“停止”，如，quitschool(辍学，quitwork(停止工作)，quitsmoking(戒烟)。7.ID：身份证Identification的缩写形式，也说IDcard。8．SocialSecurityBoard：社会保障局，社会保险局半官方机构，为职工提供诸如“失业保险”、“伤残保险”、“医疗保险”等。在某些国家，法律规定雇主所雇人员必持有SocialSecurityBoard的保险卡(SocialSecuritycard)，若没有，雇主自己或雇员本人必须限期为其雇员到SocialSecurityBoard办理所规定的险别，保险费(socialSecuritycontributions)由雇主和雇员按一定的比例分担，保险费的标准按雇员的工资多少而定，雇主可从雇员的工中扣除其应交份额(share)，连同雇主应付之份额，定期(一般为一个月)向SocialSecurityBoard交付。如果雇员在受雇期间生病、发生工作时受伤或死亡等，雇主只需负担相当于该雇员几天工资的补偿费(compensation)'其余费用均由socialsecurityBoard负担。倘若雇员没有社会保险卡而为雇主工作，或雇主没有按期缴纳保险费，则雇主可能遭到严厉的惩罚(severepenalty).9．tryyoufortwoweeks：试工两周try在意思是．“试用”。10.startingwage：起始工资英语中，表示“工资”的词有wage，salary和pay.wage常表示按小时、天计报酬，并常按周付给雇工的工资，这一类主要指那些做体力劳动的工人的工资.salary常用来表示那些从事脑力劳动、工作固定的雇员工资，如在政府机关、学校、公司等的职员。pay是一个普通词，在口语中可代替这两个词j如：payday(发工资日)，agoodpay(高工资)。另外，品enumeration和emoluments常指支付给高级技术人员在一定服务期的“报酬”，是非常正式的词。11．dayshift：白班shift在这里是“轮班工作”的意思，如：morningshift．(早班)eveningshift(晚班)，nightshift(夜班)。12.underpay：少付工资请注意这个词的构成。又如，underestimate(低估)，、同样，我们可以说overpay(多付)，overestimate(高估)。13.foreman：工长英语中表示类似意思的词还有leading。hand(领班)。14.SocialSecuritycontributions：社会保险费contributions常指为某种权利而缴纳的费用，如会员费等。15.incometax：所得税“个人所得税”是personalincometax。16.localpractice：当地做法，当地惯例又如：internationalpractice(国际惯例)。17．hardhat：安全帽英语也可以说safetyhelmet。18.underourlocallaw：按我们的法律，我们法律所规定的19.payrate：工资标准指每小时或每天的工资。．EXERCISES1.WhenMrZhangasksthejobseekerifhehasaSocialSecuritycard，heanswers,“Ihadone，butlostitlastweek．Ifyouacceptme，1willapplytotheSocialSecurityBoardforanewone。(我原先有一个，但上周丢了，如果您给我工作机会的话，我会向社会保障局再申请一个。)“apply(to…)for…”isusedfrequentlyinconstructionmanagement，meaning“(向…)申请…”Nowyoutrydoingthefollowing：·1)A：Canweemployforeignworkers?B：一般情况下可以，但你们须向劳动司为他们申请劳动许可证，说明理由。(Inmostcases，yes.However，youhavetoapplytotheLabourDepartmentfortheirworkpermitsandgivethereasons．)2)A：Wehavedecidedtoimportyourtablelightstoourcountry.B：谢谢，我希望你们能协助我们在你们国家为我们的商标申请注册。(Thankyou.Ihopeyoucanassistusinapplyingfortheregistrationofourtrademarkinyourcountry.)3)A：请你方用快件将所用单据寄给我们，以便我们能够申请进口许可证。(Pleasesendusallthedocumentsby．Expressmailsothatwecanapplyfortheimportlicence．)B：We’lldoitinacoupleofdays．，2.WhenMrZhangtellst．hejobseekertocomeforatestontheContractor’sbus，thejobseekertocomeforatestontheContractor’sbus，thejobseekersays“Whatifthebusdriverwon’tletmegetOilthebus?”(如果司机不让我上车怎么办?)“Whatif…?，’isusedoftenwhenthespeakerisindoubtaboutsomethingandneedsclarification，meaning“如果…又怎么办(样)呢?”Now，youtrydoingthefollowing：1)A：Maria，pleasebookmeaticketonadirectflighttoSeattle．B：如果没有直达班机是否还预订(Whatifthere’snodirectflight?)2)A：如果明天下雨怎么办?(Whatifitrainstomorrow?)B：Don’tstoppouringtheconcreteifit’snotheavyrain．3)A：钢筋生锈了怎么办?(Whatifthesteelbarsgetrusty?)B：Theywillberejectedbytheresidentengineer．3tWhenMr.Young，thelabourofficerwantstodirectMr．Zhang’sattentiontothelocalworkers’holidays，hesays，“OnethingIOwhichI'dliketodrawyourattention．”(有一件事我想提醒你注意。)“drawone’sattentiontosth”isusedoftenwhenyouwantsomeonetotakenoticeofsomething，meaning“提醒…注意…”Now，youtrydoingthefollowing：1)A：There'snostipulationaboutitinthespecltication.B：我想提醒你看一看五月二号你方下达的变更命令。(I’dliketodrawyourattentiontothevariation0rderissuedbyyouonMay2．)2)A：Wehaveinformedyouofourintentiontochangethedesignalready．B：请你看一看我们六月八号对你方的答复好吗?(MayIdrawyourattentiontoourresponsedatedJune8?)3)A：虽然是最后一点，但也很重要，我想提醒你方注意这一里程碑日期。(Last，butnottheleast，I'dliketodrawyourattentiontothismilstonedate．)B：We’llcertainlykeepitinmind．背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS)当地劳务管理(managementof。locallabour)是国际工程管理又一方面。由于工程所在国往往对承包商带人该国的工程人员的数量有所限制，或由于承包商雇用本国劳动力费用较高，所以，承包商一般只从本国选派一些关键技术人员和管理人员(keypersonnel)，而全部普工(unskilled)、半熟练工人(semi—skilled)和一些技工(skilled)均从工程所在国雇用。关于当地人员的雇用方式，一般是工程刚刚开始时在当地的报刊和电台上登招工广告，随着工程的进展，可告知正在受雇当地工人，使之代为宣传。有时，也可要求业主或当地劳动部门协助。招工时，要让求职人出示法律规定的必要证件，如身份证(IDcard)、出生证(CertificateofBirth)等。之后，可询问一下工作经历(workingexperience)。对于技术工人，还应进行技术测试，并规定试用期(probationaryperiod)，以避免因招收的人员技术欠佳或缺乏责任心而导致设备的坏损。承包商的劳务管理人员一定要熟悉当地的劳动法的有关规定，如：最低工资标准；节假日加班费的标准；工人的福利；劳动保护；雇用外籍劳工；人身保险等。由于节假日的加班费一般很高(一些重要节假日，加班费高达平时工作日的三倍)，所以，劳务管理人员要在节假日到来之前通知用工施工队，使其提前对近日工作做出安排，在不影响工程进度的情况下，尽量避免在节假日让大量当地工人加班(workonholidays)。劳动部门是代表工人的利益来监督管理雇主的。与当地劳动部门搞好关系将有助于承包商的劳务管理工作。UNIT8MEETINGS(1)ItiscustomaryforregularmeetingstobeheldbetweentheOwnerandtheContractor,normallyonaweeklyormonthlybasis,inthecourseoftheconstructionoftheproject,atwhichvariousmattersarediscussedand,hopefully,resolvedregardingprogress,quality,environmentalprotection,sitesecurityandsafetyprecautions,andsoon.1.MonthlyProgressReview(SmoothprogressoftheprojectisthekeytoguaranteeingcompletionontimetowhichtheOwneralwaysattachesgreatimportance,forearlycompletion-willbringtimelyreturnsfromtheproject,especiallyfortheprivateOwners.TodaylpresentatthemeetingareMr.SukhnandanandMr.ShawfromtheOwner;Mr.Bian,Mr.MaandMr.HuangfromtheContractor.)Sukh:Shallwestartourmeeting?(ALLtheparticipantsnot.)OK.Gentlemen,thepurposeofourmeetingtodayistoreviewanddiscusstheprogressofthisproject.Firstofall,Iwouldlikeyoutoexplain'whatyouhaveachievedforthepastmonth.Mr.Bian?Bian:Generallyspeaking,theconstructionactivitieshavebeengoingsmoothly,buttherearecertainproblemsconcerningsomeimportpermits.Forthedetails,Mr.MawillgiveusanaccountoftheconstructionprogressforallthesectionsoftheWorks.Ma:Let'sstartwiththediversionstructure.Forthecofferdam,wehaveplaced2,600cubicmetresofconcrete.Itwillbefinishedwithinthenextfewdaysandonschedule.Attheleftabutmentandthedamfoundation,wehavecompleted5,000cubicmetresofrockexcavation.That'swhathadbeenachievedatthediversionstructureduringtheprecedingmonth.Let'snowhavealookatthetunnelexcavation.AtAditA,wehaveadvanced120metresattheupstreamworkingfaceand80metresatthedownstream.We'vealsodone590piecesofsteelrockboltwhichamountto4.5tons.AtAditB,thetunnelingadvanceis40metres.Rockbolt,750pieces.TheportalofAditBhasbeenreinforcedbysteelbracing.ThetotalamountofsteelconsumedatAditBaddsupto15tons.That'sforthetunneling.Now,thepowerhouse.,Thefoundationexcavationisbeingdonethere.Thequantitycompletedforthepastmonthis5000cubicmetres.Andlast,theinstallationofthestonecrushingplanthasbeencompletedanditisnowtestrunning.Sukh:Thankyou,Mr.Ma.FromMr.Ma'sreport,wecanseethattheprogressatthediversionstructure,ingeneral,conformstotheconstructionschedulewithwhichwearequitesatisfied.Haveyoustartedtheexcavationattheintake?Mr.'Mahasn'tmentionedanythingaboutit.Intheconstructionschedulesubmittedtous,theexcavationattheintakeshouldstartlateinthepastmonth,thatislateinMarch.Bian:Letmeclearthisup.Lately,fromtheweatherforecast,therainyseasonthisyearwillcomeearlierthanusual.SowehaveconcentratedourmanpowerandequipmentontheexcavationofthefoundationforBlocks7and8andontheconcreteplacementforthecofferdam.Ifalltherelevantworkisfinishedintime,wewillbeabletopourthefirstliftsforthetwoblocksbeforetherainyseasoncomes.Therefore,wecouldavoidalotoftroubleinclearingawayfromthedamfoundationallthedebrisanddirtthatwouldbecausedbythehighwateror,even,thepossiblefloodingoccuringquiteoftenduring.therainyseason.Besides,theexcavationattheintakeisnotacriticalactivityintheconstructionnetwork.Soitwillnotaffectthecompletiontimeofthewholeprojectifwepostponetheworkattheintakewithinthefloattime.Shaw:Althoughtherevisionoftheschedulesoundsreasonable,itisarequirementofthecontractthatwheneveryourevisetheschedule,youmustsubmittherevisedscheduletousforapproval.Bian:Wedon'tthinkitisasignificantalteration.Ifyouwantit,wehaveitrighthereforyou.Sukh:Thankyou.Anyway,Iwanttoremindyouthateverythingshouldbedonestrictlyinaccordancewiththecontractdocuments.Ihopethiskindofthingwon'thappenagain.Now,Iwanttomakeafewcommentsonthetunneling.AtAditA,theprogressisallright,buttheslowprogressatAditBgivesmegraveconcern.Itis,fromMr.Ma'sreport,twoweeksbehindschedule.Gentlemen,weallclearlyknowthatthecompletionofthetunnelexcavationplaysavitalpartinthetimelypowergenerationofthewholeworks.So,Iwanttoknowwhatmeasuresyouaretakingtocatchupwiththeschedule.Ma:Accordingtothegeologicaldataprovidedbyyou,thegeologyatAditBshouldbegraniteandofsoundconditions.Astheopenexcavationfortheportalwentalong,itwasdiscoveredthatitisweatheredrock.Sowehavehadtotreatitspecially.YoucanseefromtheamountofreinforcementsteelweusedhowmucheffortwehavemadetostarttheexcavationatAditB.Anyhow,theworkisnowonthetrack.Bian:Astothespecificmeasures,wearebeginningtoimplementatwo-shiftsystemfortheaditexcavationtoexpeditetheprogress.Assoonaswereachthemaintunnelfromthisadit,athree-shiftsystemwillfollowimmediately.Ibelievegoodcooperationandunderstandingbetweenourtwopartieswillgetridofallthedifficultiesandobstaclesandwillleadtosmoothprogressoftheproject.Shaw:Itisgoodtohavethreeshifts;but,tomyknowledgeandexperience,youwillprobablyencountermoreandmorewaterasyougodownstream.Besides,astherainyseasonisdrawing,near,thehighriverwatersinthisseasoncouldoverflowthecofferdamintothepowerhousefoundationpitatanytime.So,Ihavetoremindyouthatsufficientsuitablepumpsmustbekeptavailableatthesitetohaveenoughdewateringcapacityforthelikelyevents.Ma:Thankyou.Wehavealsonotedthat.Shukh:Talkingaboutwaterpumps,Iwanttoknowaboutthestatusofyourmaterialsandequipmentsupply.Howisitgoing?Bian:WehaveMr.Huangtoanswerthisquestion.Huang:BytheendofMarch,wehavepurchasedanddeliveredontothesite20,000gallonsoffuels,300tonsofsteel,l,800cubicfeetoflumberand800tonsofcement.Inaddition,100tyresofallkindshavebeenpurchased.Allthesesuppliesguaranteeasmoothprogressoftheproject;however,thesecondlotofexplosiveandabatchofwaterpumpsandsparepartswe'veorderedfromtheUnitedStateshavearrivedattheportalreadybuthavenotbeenabletobeclearedthroughtheCustomsduetotheproblemoftheimportpermits.Theexplosiveinstockonthesiteisbeingusedupandsomeequipmentandtrucksneedsparepartsbadly.Bian:Mr.Huangisright.Ifthesesuppliescannotbedeliveredontothejobsitewithintwoweeks,alltheexcavationactivitieswillhavetocometoastopand,therefore,adverselyaffectthewholeconstructionprogresstoalargeextent.Wepresentedourapplicationtoyouforthepermitsaweekagoandthere'sbeennoreplyuptonow.Sukh:I'vegottheimportpermitforthesparepartsandthetyresforyourighthere.'Asforthepermitfortheexplosive,there'sindeedaproblem.FromMarch1ston,anewlawregulatingtheimportationofdangerousgoodshasbecomeeffective.Explosiveisoneofthem.Thelawstipulatesamuchmorecomplicatedandrestrictiveproceduretogettherelevantpermits,probablyduetotherecentchangesofthegovernmentpolicy.Youcouldsaythatyouhavetogothroughalotofredtapetogetthisdone.Ihavebeencallingthecompetentdepartmentmanytimestoseehowitisgoing.Yesterday,IgotareplythatIwillgetthepermitbynextThursday.YoucanrestassuredthatassoonasIgetthepermit,I'llgiveittoyou.Bian:Inthatcase,we'llhavetowaitfivedaysmore.Ihopeitwon'tholdusup.Sulrh:Mr.Bian,perhapsthisisasillyquestion;butdoyouhavethesameredtapebackinChina?Ofcourseyoudon'thavetoanswer.Bian:Thesituationisjusttheopposite.Youhaveitnowwhilewehaditinthepast(laughs)OK,Mr.Sukhnandan,backtoourbusiness.Weneedanotherlicense.Yousee,astheconstructiongoeson,itseemsthatthetelephonesinstalledonthejobsiteareinsufficient.Therefore,wewanttohavearadiocommunicationsystemwhich,Ithink,isnecessarytostrengthenthesitecoordinationandmanagement.Sowehopethatyoucangetaradiocommunicationlicenseforus.Thesooner,thebetter.Sukh:Idon'tthinkthisisaproblem.Iwillbeabletogetitforyouwithinoneweek,forsure.Bian:Thankyou.Goodcooperationbetweenuswillcertainlyenhanceoursuccesswiththisproject.Sukh:Icanassureyou,Mr.Bian,astherepresentativeoftheprojectOwner,Iwill,asalways,standfirmlybehindyouintheexecutionofthisproject.AndIbelievethat,throughourmutualefforts,thisprojectwillsurelybeasuccess.Bian:Ithinkso,too.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSCustomary常例的，通常的regularmeeting定期会议，例会onaweeklyormonthlybasis按每周或每月inthecourseof在…过程中resolve解决environmentalprotection环境保护safetyprecaution安全预防措施sitesecurity现场治安privateOwner私营业主presentatthemeeting参加会议，与会participant参加者，与会者generallyspeaking总的来说constructionactivity施工活动，施工作业gosmoothly进展顺利giveanaccountof对…做出说明cofferdam围堰onschedule按计划(准时完成)abutment坝座，岸墩damfoundation坝基theprecedingmonth上一个月adit支洞advance进尺upstream上游downstream下游steelrockbolt钢岩石锚栓，锚杆amountto合计，总计为tunnelingadvance隧洞进尺reinforce加固consume消耗，消费addupto累计，加起来stonecrushingplant碎石厂conformto符合；与…一致intake进水口clearup澄清，(天气)放晴weatherforecast天气预报clearaway清理debrisanddirt残渣与淤泥flooding洪水criticalactivity关键作业constructionnetwork施工网络revisionoftheschedule修改计划give。rilegraveconcern使我极为担心playavitalpart起至关重要的作用catchupwiththeschedule赶计划geologicaldata地质资料granite花岗岩soundconditions完好的状况openexcavation明挖weatheredrock风化岩石theworkisnowonthetrack工作走上轨道specificmeasure具体的措施maintunnel主隧洞obstacle障碍overflow溢流，漫顶dewarteringcapacity排水能力waterpump水泵status状况thesecondlot第二批abatchof一批clearthroughtheCustoms从海关清出cometoastop停止toalargeextent很大程度上uptonow至今restrictive限制性的gothroughalotofredtape过层层官卡，过繁琐的手续inthatcase在那种情况下，那样的话holdup耽搁asillyquestion不该问的问题backtoourbusiness回到正题来radiocommunicationsystem无线电通信系统sitecoordination。andmanagement现场协调和管理Icanassureyou我向你保证，我可以使你放心mutualefforts双方努力NOTESTOTHETEXT1．attachgreatimportanceto：十分重视例如：MostofChina’sinternationalconstructioncompaniesattachgreatimportancetothetrainingoftheirpersonnel.(中国的大多数国际建筑公司都重视职员培训。)表示“重视”的英语词组还有：paymuchattentionto；setgreatstoreby。2。timelyreturns：及时的收益returns(常为复数)意识是“利润，盈利，收益”。例如：Smallprofits，quickreturns．(薄利多销。)、．Itisexpectedthattheywillhaveagood．returnOiltheinvestment．inthisproject．(预计他们对这个项目的投资将会得到丰厚的收益。)另外，这个词还有“报表”的意思。如：areturnofContractor'sEquipment(承包商的设备报表)areturnoflabour(劳务报表)3．sectionsoftheWorks：工程的区段section常指相对独立的工程部分。4．diversionstructure：引水结构本课中指“大坝和进水口”。5．place2，600cubicmetresofconcrete：浇筑两千六百方混凝土“浇筑混凝土”英语还可以驻pourconcrete,castconcrete。6．rockexcavation：岩石开挖在工程中与excavation构成的常用词组有：earthexcavation(土方开挖)，trenchexcavation(沟渠开挖)，rapidexcavation(快速开挖)，bulkexcavation(大量开挖)，dryexcavation(干挖)，wetexcavation(水下开挖)，deepexcavation(深层开挖)7．portalofAditB：B支洞洞Elportal：人口，洞口8．Blocks7and8：第七和第八坝块一个混凝土坝一般分若干块进行浇筑，每一块英语为ablock。9。thefirstliftsforthetwoblocks：两坝块的第一层lift这里指每次浇筑的一层。10。floattime：浮动时间，时差工程进度管理的“关键线路法”(CPM)中，floattime有两种，一种是totalfloat(总浮动时间／总时差)，即：一项作业在不影响其紧后工序(successor)：的前题下，它的最早开始时间(earlystart)与最迟开始时间(1atestart)之间的时差(或：最早完成时间(earlyfinish)与最迟完成时间(1atefinish)之间的时差)；另一种是freefloat(自由浮动时间／自由时差)，即：一项作业的最早开始时间与它的紧前工序(predecessor)的最早完成时间之间的时差。，11.steelbracing：钢支撑bracing(支撑，加劲)是brace的动名词形式，常构成的词组有：bottombracing(底撑)，portalbracing(门撑)，swaybracing(斜支撑)，topbracing(顶撑)，penstockbracing(压力管道支撑)。12.powergeneration：发电generation的动词形式是generate。如：generatepower(发电)rgene}ateheat(发热)。“发电机”是power．generator。13.two-shiftsystem：两班制下文的three-shiftsystem则是“三班制.14.expeditetheprogress：加快进度expedite(加速)相当于accelerate．15.tomyknowledgeandexperience根据我的了解和经验请注意这种结构。例如：tooursurprise(使我们惊奇的是)；tomydelight(使我高兴的是)；toherdisappointment(使她失望的)。16.drawnear：来临，迫近例如：Christmasisdrawingnear．(圣诞节快要到了。)17.foundationpit：基坑pit这个词在工程管理中很常用，与它组成的常用词组有：airpit(通风井)，borepit(探坑)，borrowpit(取料场)，catchpit(集水坑)，siphonpit(虹吸坑)，tailwaterpit(尾水坑)，testpit(试坑)。，18.gallon：加仑液量单位，1gallon．(英)一4．546litres；1gallon(美)一3．785litres。19.explosiveinstock:库存炸药instock：有库存的，“无库存的”英语是outofstock。20.useup：用完up放在某些动词后面，表示“完”，“光”．的含义。例如：eatup(吃光)，burnup(烧光)，finishup-(全部完成)dryup(干枯)：Time’sup.(时间到)21．presentourapplication：呈交申请present这里是动词，意思是“呈交，递交”，英语中表示同样意思的词还有；submit，forward,deliver。22.regulating：管理，管辖regulate这个词在工程中还常有“调节”的含义，其名词形式regulation很常用.例如：automaticregulation(自动调节)；flowregulation(流量调节]，naturalregulation(自然调节)，dynamicregulation(动态调节)。“调节器”是regulator。23.standfirmlybehind：坚决支持也可说befirmlybehind。，等与beinsupportof。例如：Allthedirectorsarefirmlybehindthechairman，splan．，(董事们都很支持董事长的计划。)．24.Ithinkso，too.；我也这样认为。这是赞成别人时的惯用语。EXERCISES1.Talkingabouttherevisionoftheschedule,Mr.Shawsays,“Althoughtherevisionoftheschedulesoundsreasonable,itisarequirementofthecontractthatwheneveryourevisetheschedule,youmustsubmittherevisedscheduletousforapproval.”(尽管修改计划看起来合理,但合同要求,无论你方何时修改计划,须得将修改的计划提交我方批准。)“submit…to…”isaveryusefulexpressionoftenusedinadministrationofcon-tract，meaning“向…提交…”．Now，youtrydoingthefollowing：1)A：你们何时能将初步设计提交给我们?(Whenwillyoubeabletosubmitthepreliminarydesigntous?)B：Withintwoweeks．．，z)Aj如果你方想及时得到付款，就得准时向我们提交每月报表。(Ifyouwanttogettimelypayment，you’llhavetosubmitthemonthlystatementtousontime．)B：Wecertainlywill．3)A：我们已经向你方提交了同期记录，不知你方有何看法。(Wehavesubmittedthecontemporaryrecordt。Oyouandwouldliketoknowyourcomment．)B：Weareexaminingitandtheextensionoftimewillbebasedonit．2．WhenMr．SukhnandancommentsontheprogressatAditB，hesays，“Itis；fromMr．Ma’Sreport，twoweeksbehindSchedule．”(根据马先生的报告，这一进度比计划迟了两周。)Theword“behind"isquiteoftenusedwhentalkingabouttheprogress,meaning“落后”，“晚于”.Now,youtrydoingthefollowing：1)A：我必须指出,你们的实际进度已经比计划晚了一周。(Imustpointoutthatyouractualprogress，isalreadyoneweekbehindschedule．)B:Thatisduetotherecentadverseweatherconditions．Wearetryingourbesttomakeupforlosttime．2)A：如果你们不能如期向我们付款，我们将暂停第二批货的发运。(Ifyouarebehindinyourpaymentstous，wewillsuspendtheshipmentofthesecondbatchofcargoes．)B：IncasewearenotabletopayOntime，wewillpayinteresttoyouaccordingtothesupplycontract．3)A：Howabouttheprogressatthepowerhouse?B：由于吊车出了毛病，我们很可能在安装问格上晚几天。(Becauseofabreakdowninthecrane，wewillpropablybeafewdaysbehindwiththecompletionoftheerectionhay．)3．WhenMr．Suknandanpromisestogetthepermitinafewdays，Mr．Biansays，“Inthatcase，we’11havetowaitafewdaysmore．”“inthatcase”isaverycolloqualexpression,meaning“那样的话”．Now，youtrydoingthefollowing：1)那样的话，我们不得不终止合同。(Inthatcase，wehavetoterminatethecontract。)2)那样的话，我们只得再找另一厂家了。．．．．．(Inthatcase,wehavenochoicebutto100kf。ranothermanufacturer．)3)那样的话，我们给你们百分之十的折扣。(Inthatcase,wecangrantyouatenpercentdiscount．)背景与指南(BACKGRAOUNDANDDIRECTIONS)(1)在工程的实施过程中，通常业主与承包商(有时也邀请其他有关人员参加)定期或不定期地召开会议，以审查前一段的工作情况，安排下一阶段的工作，并就存在的问题协商解决。会议涉及的方面很多，如：进度，质量，环境保护，现场安全，付款等。工程的进度(projectprogress)是工程管理中最重要的方面之一。对业主来说，按期或提前竣工有利于投资的回收(timelyreturns)；对承包商来说，，如果工程进度的拖延不仅菇响承包商的声誉(reputation)，而且很可能将给承包商带来严重的经济损失(financialloss)，如：拖期赔偿；工程管理费增大；前期垫付资金不能及时收回等。．在工程管翠中，通常每月业主与承包商都要召开一次工程进度审查会(progressreviewmeeting)。。在会议上，业主一般先让承包商的负责进度的人员汇报上二月进度情况，然后对没有达到进度计划安排的工期的工作面提出来，要求承包商澄清并给出赶工计划。关键线路法(CPM)是当前利用网络技术进行施工进度控制最普遍采用的方法。对于重大工程项目，业主往往在合同文件中明确要求采用此种方法安排施工。承包商在工程的实施中，可根据具体发生的情况动态地调整施工工序(w。rkingsequence)，使工期最优化。但是，如果要对进度计划作出变动，一般要经过业主或其授权人员的批准，这一点常在合同中规定。在此类会议上，。承包市还常提出与进度有关的事项，请求业主协助解决，如通过政府部门办理各种许可证.UNIT9MEETINGS(2)2．QualityControl(Qualityisoneofthecriticalfactorstoensurethesuccessofaconstructionproject.Duetotherecentqualitydefectsintheconstruction,aspecialmeetingiscalledOnthejobsitebytheOwner'sRepresentative，Mr。Sukhnandan．)Sukh：Gentlemen,ourresidentengineerandIhavenoticedlatelythat，withtheincreasingworkactivities，yourperformwithregardtocompliancewiththeSpecificationsandqualityofworkhasslackened.Ourresidentengineer，Mr．Harrison，willgiveanaccounttoofwhathehasfoundatthevarioussectionsofthejobsite．Harrison：On18thand19thofthismonth，Ispentsometimeobservingtheplacing,ofconcreteforthefirstliftofBlock9ofthedamstructure.Icarriedoutaslumptestattheplacementlocationwiththehelpofyourtestingengineer，Mr．Zhou，andfoundthatthewater／cementratio：wasnotinaccordancewiththeSpecification．AtthePowerHouse，severeformworkmisalignmenthasoccurredalongthedrafttubeside．Thisresultsinbreaksandstepsintheconcrete.Areasof“Honeycomb”canalsobeseenintheconcreteduetolackofsufficientcompactionandvibration.AlsoatthePowerHouse,themultiplerunsofembeddedelectricalconduitarebeinginstalledwithoutadequatespacing.ThespacebetweensuchconduitsmustbeatleastequaltothelargestaggregatesizetoallowproperbondingandtoavoidformingaweakenedplaneintheconcreteSukh：I'dliketohaveyourcommentsonallthese，Mr．Bian．Bian：AstheContractor'sprojectmanager，Ibelievequalityisthelifeofthewholeworksandourfirstpriorityinitsachievement。Unfortunately，suchproblems＆sMr．Harrisonhavedescribedhaveoccurred，．Regardingtheproblems，let'sask．ourchiefengineer，Mr．Ma，togivethedetailsofourremedy。Ma：AbouttheplacementofBlock9，1wasgiventhetestresultrightafteritcameout。WefollowedMr．Harrison'sorderandimmediatelysuspendedthepouringoperationandclearedtheunqualifiedmixawayfromtheBlock.Mr．Harrisonwasthenthere．AtthesametimeourtechnicianslookedintothecauseandfoundthattheelectroniccontrolsystemofthehatchplantwasoutoforderTheysoonrepaireditandthepouringoperationwasresumedafterastopof45minutes．Now，aboutthemisalignment．We'vedecided，afteracarefulstudy，thatthedefectiveconcreteresultingfromtheformworkmisalignmentwill，bebrokenoutwithpneumatic,drills．Asfortheareasof“honeycomb”wewillgetthemspeciallytreadtoyoursatisfaction．Sukh：Whendoyouplantodotherepairs?Bian：Tomorrow．Sukh：Whatareyougoingtodoaboutthelastproblem?Bian：Actually，wearedoingthatjobstrictlyincompliancewiththeworkingdrawingsissuedbyyourengineer．MayIreferyoutoDrawingNo．MJ一7?Ma：There'ssomethinginwhatMr．Harrisonhasjustsaidaboutthespacingbetweentheconduits，buttomyconstructionexperience，weakenedplanescanbeavoidedifaspecialconcretemixismadeandthepouringprocedureiskeptunderpropercontrol．Sukh:Iwillcheckthedrawinganddiscussthematterwithourconsultantsthisafternoon.Meanwhile,youareinstructedtostoptheworkonthispartoftheproject。Bian：A11right，Mr．Sukhnandan，wetakeyourinstruction,butwillyoupleasegiveusawrittenconfirmation?Sukh:IleavethistoMr．Harrison．Harrison:Itwillbegiventoyousoonafterthismeeting．Bian：Well，Mr.Sukhnandan，wew11takealessonfromthesemattersandstrengthenourqualityassurancesystem.Sukh：Ihavetoreiteratethattheongoingconstructionworkisatacriticalstageandthatthepowerhouseisakeycomponentof：thegeneratingcapabilityofthisproject.Iexpectyoursitemanagementtoexertclosesupervisionandpropercoordinationofthevariousworkcrewswithoutcompromisionquality．Harrison：Ialsowanttodraw，yourattentiontothewatercuringofconcreteandstorageofconstructionmaterials，especiallythereinforcingsteel．Ma：Wewillpaymoreattentiontothoseactivities．Bian：It'struethatwearefacingapressingcompletiontimeandhavetoexpeditetheconstructionprogress，butwewillcertainlynotdoitatthecostoftheproject'squality。Ibelievethateffortsonbothsideswillresultinnotonlyatimelyproductbutalsoa．high—qualityone．WORDSANDEXPRESSIONS，criticalfactor关键因素ensure保证dueto由于，到期付给qualitydefect质量缺陷callameeting召开会议workactivity施工作业compliancewiththeSpecifications按照规范water／cementratio水灰比misalignment未对准，定线不准drafttube通风管，尾水管breaksandsteps裂缝与凸面honeycomb蜂窝compaction压实，夯实vibration振动，振捣embeddedelectricalconduit电缆预埋管，电线预埋管spacing间距bonding结合，连接weakenedplane弱结合面，弱结合层firstpriority第一优先权，首要任务remedy补救pouringoperation浇注作业unqualifiedmix不合格的拌和料electroniccontrolSystem电子控制系统defectiveconcrete有缺陷的混凝土breakout崩落，打掉pneumaticdrills风钻minor微小的，不严重的writtenconfirmation书面确认takealessonfrom从…吸取教训qualityassurancesystem质量保证体系ongoing进行中的atacriticalstage处于关键阶段generatingcapacity发电能力exert施加，尽力closesupervision严格监督compromisingonquality对质量降低要求，使质量遭受损害thecuringofconcrete混凝土养护apressingcompletiontime急迫的竣工时间，工期紧high-quality高质量的NOTESTOTHETEXT1.residentengineer：驻地工程师，现场工程师为业主的=车工地负责管理承包商实施工程的管理人员。在一工地，往往有很多类型的“工程师”，常见的工程师类别有：advisoryengineer(顾问工程师)，chiefengineer(总工程师)，consultingengineer(咨询工程师)，divisionengineer(工区工程师)，sectionengineer(7-段工程师)，engineerincharge(主管工程师)；civilengineer(土木工程师)，electricalengineer(电气工程师)，mechanicalengineer(机械工程师)，geotechnicalengineer(岩土工程师)，miningengineer(采矿程师)，officeengineer(内业工程师)，processengineer(工艺工程师)。2．withregardto：有关与这个词组同义还有：inregardto，withrepectto，concerning.3．slacken：放松，松懈形容词形式为slack4．slumptest：坍落度试验也可以说slumpconsistancytest.slump：坍塌，坍落(度)，工程中常见的术语还有：slumpblock(坍落试验堆)，slumpcone(坍落度筒)，slumpmete(坍落度计)。5．follow．one'sorder：遵照命令follow在这里是“接受”，“遵循”的意思。如：followone'sadvice(接受建议)，followone'sinstruction(遵循指示)。6．multipleruns：管网布置run在这里是“线路”的意思，如：cablerun(电缆敷设路线)，piperun(管道)。7．100kintothecause：调查原因lookinto在这里是“调查”的意思，等于investigate，例如：lookintoaproblem(调查一问题)。8．resume：恢复，重新开始这个词指的是事情暂停一段后有继续，如：resumethework(复工)，resumethetalk(恢复谈判)，resumethejourney(又继续赶路)。9．keepunderpropercontrol：恰当控制under这个词后面接名词构成一些很有用的词组，如：underdiscussion(在讨论中)，underconsideration(在考虑中)，underrepair(在修理中)。10．workingdrawings：施工详图其他类型的图纸有：architecturaldrawing(建筑图)，as—built(或completion)drawing(竣工图)，contractdrawing，(工程发包图)；engineeringdrawing(工程图)jgeneraldrawing(总图)，outlinedrawing(略图)，elevationdrawing(立面图)，plainviewdrawing(平面图)，sectionaldrawing(剖面图)，skeletondrawing(草图)，structuredrawing(结构图)。11．wetakeyourinstruction我们接受你的指示take在这里是“接受”的意思，等于上面的follow。12．IleavethistoMr．Harrison这件事我留给Harrision先生leavesthtosb意思是“留某事(物]给某人(做)”。13．atimelyproduct：直译是：“一个及时的产品”，这里指的是“及时完成的工程”。EXERCISES1．WhenMr．Harrisonsaysthatthemultiplerunsofembeddedelectricalconduitareinstalledwithoutadequatespacing，Mr．Biananswers，“Actually，wearedoingthatjobstrictlyincompliancewiththeworkingdrawingsissuedbyyourengineer．MayIreferyoutoDrawingNo．MJ一7?”(事实上，我们是严格按照你方工程师颁发的图纸来做这项工作的。请你们看一下MJ一7号图纸好吗?)“refersbtosth．”isaveryusefulexpressionwhenyouwantsomeonetotakealookatsomething，especiallycontractdocuments，tomakesurethatyouareright，meaning“请某人参看某文件”．Now，youtrydothefollowing：1)A：Whyhaveyoureducedtheprogess?B：我认为在你们付款拖延时我们有权这样做。请你看一下合同第二十条的规定好吗?(IthinkwehavetherighttodoSOwhenyourpaymenttoUSisdelayed．MayIreferyoutoC1ause20oftheContract?)2)A：Youhavenorighttochangethedesign．B：我们是在你们同意之后才变动的，请你看一下八月九号的会议记录好吗?(Wehavedonethatuponyourapproval．MayIreferyoutotheminutesofthemeetingheldonAugust97)3)A：ThissectionoftheprojectshouldhavebeencompletedbytheendofApril．B；请你看一看你方的驻地工程师七月八号签发的停工令好吗?(MayIreferyoutothestop—workorderissuedbyyourresidentengineeron8?)2．WhenMr．MarespondstoMr．Harrison'scommentontheinstallationofthemultipleruns，hesays，“There'ssomethinginwhatMr．Harrisonhasjustsaidaboutthespacingbetweentheconduits，…”(Harrison先生刚才关于预埋管之间的间距的看法有一定的道理，…)“There'ssomethinginwhatonesays”isaveryusefulsentencepatternwhenyouagreetosomeone，meaning“某人所说的话有一定的道理。”Now，youtrydoingthefollowing：1)A：Thebuildingwilllookbetterifglasscurtainwallingisadopted．B：你说的有道理，但增加的费用哪里来呢?，(There'ssomethinginwhatyousay；butwhatabouttheextracost?)2)A：Alotofmoneywillbesavedifthedesignismodifiedalittle．B：你说的有一定道理，但是否会影响整个设施的功能?(There'ssomethinginwhatyousay；butwillthemodificationaffectthefunctionsofthewholefacillity?)3)A：Ifyourecruitlocallabourers，itwillrelieveyourmanpowershortage．B：你说的有道理，但他们具有所要求的技能吗?(There'ssomethinginwhatyousay；butdotheyhavetherequiredskills?)3。WhenMr．SukhnandanwantstheContractortostoptheworkontherelevantpartofproject，hesays，“Meanwhile，you'reinstructedtostoptheworkonthispartoftheproject．”(同时，现指示你方停止这一部分工程的工作。)“You'reinstructedtodosth”isaformalexpression，meaning“现指示你做某事”．Now，youtrydoingthefollowing：1)现指示你方暂停发货。(You'reinstructedtosuspend．theshipment．)2)现指示你方停止立模。(You’reinstructedtostoperectingtheformwork．)3)现指示你方复工。(You'rein8tructedtoresumethework．)背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS)(2)竣工工程质量的高低直接关系到工程的预期目的(theintendedgoal)是否能达到，投产后壬程的效益是否能得到最大程度的发挥，因此，在工程的实施阶段，业主往往派遣自己的技术人员和管理人员到现场的各工作面去监督管理承包商的工程作业。对于一个国际承包商(internationalcontractor)，承建工程质量的优劣直接影响到他在国际工程承包界的信誉(reputationintheinternationalcontractingindustry)。如果由于承包商的原因导致重大的质量事故，则他将失去信誉，失去更多承建工程的机会(businessopportunity)，从而难于立足于国际工程承包市场(internationalcontractingmarket)。在实施工程的过程中，承包商要辩证地(dialectically)处理质量、进度和费用之间的关系。越是在工期紧的情况下，越不能忽视质量，否则，很可能欲速则不达(Themorehaste，Thelessspeed.)。万一出现质量问题，要及时改正，虚心接受业主人员的批评意见。自始至终，承包商要按照业主的工程师颁发的图纸和其他技术文件施工，若发现其中的确有误，要委婉地提出，。并给出自己的修改意见，以便给对方一个好印象，使其在其他方面给予友好合作.总之，对于一个国际承包商来说，一个优质的工程就是其最好的广告(Ahigh—quality“product”isthebestadvertisementforaninternationalcontractor．)。UNIT10MEETINGS(3)3.Sitesecurityandsafety(Tohelptoavoidlossesonaconstructionproject,thecontractor’sattentionshouldspeciallybedrawntosecurityandsafetyattheconstructionsite.Normally,asecurityandsafetyplanismadecarefullytotheworks.Today,Mr.SukhnandanandMr.Bianareworkingonasecurityandsafetyplanfortheproject.)Sukh:Mr.Bian,Ihavereviewedthedraftofthesecurityandsafetyplansubmittedbyyoulastweek.Onthewhole,itisacceptable,buttherearestillsomedeficiencies.Bian:I’dliketohaveyoursuggestions.Sukh:Itisstatedintheplanthattwowatchmenaretostationedatthemaingateofthesite.Thatisnotenough.Fourmorearerequiredwithtwobeingstationedattheexplosivestorageandtwopatrollingthemajorworkingareasandtheboundaryofthesite.Bian:Iagreethatthattwomorearerequiredattheexplosivestorage,asthisisveryspecialarea.Astothepatrollingtwo,Ithinktheyareneededjustforthenighttime.Sukh:Thisarrangementisworkable.However,allthewatchmenmustbeprofessionalsecurityguards.Theyshouldnotbeemployedfromordinarycivilians.Bian:Couldyourecommendwherewecangettheprofessionals?Sukh:There’salocalcompanycalledWakenhutwhichspecializesinprovidingsecurityservices,Alloftheirmenarequiteskilledandexperienced.Bian:Theyarejustwhatweneed.We’llcontactthiscompany.Sukh:Also,theremustbewarningsignslike“NoTrespassing!”aroundthesiteperimeterand“HazardousMaterials”attheexplosivestorage.Bian:Allright,we’lltakethisactionimmediately.Sukh:Now,aboutsafeoperationsatthesite,Iwanttoaddthefollowing:Allpersonnel,includingauthorizedvisitors,mustwearhardhatsandsturdyshoes.Itisamust.That’snumberone.Numbertwo,fireextinguishersmustbeprovidedatalllocationswhereweldingorburningoperationstakeplace,Numberthree,laddersandscaffoldsmustbeeitherstandardcommercialproductsorbejob-builtfromappropriatelumber.“Jungletimber”shallnotbeused.Numberfour,alltheblastingoperationsmustbecarriedoutbyblasterswithablastinglicenseissuedlocally.Last,butnotleast,firstaidstationswithsuitableequipmentmustbeestablishedatallmajorworkingareasbesidesthemedicalstationatthesite.Bain:Thankyouforyoursuggestions,Mr.Sukhnandan.Ihopewecanbeallowedtousejungletimbersforsometemporaryfacilities.Sukh:Yes,butuponourpriorapprovalonly.Bian:Anyfurthersuggestions?Sukh:Tobefrankwithyou,whatIespeciallycareaboutisthesafetyinthetunnelingoperation.Whatmeasuredoyouplantotaketopreventaccidents?Bian:Itistruethattunnelexcavationisamostdangerousactivity.Wearefullyawareofthepossibleaccidents,suchascave-ins,watersurging,suffocationandelectricshock.Relevantmeasureswillbetakenagainstthem.Ageologyengineerisappointedsolelyforthispurpose.Hisjobis,amongotherthings,toobservethestatusoftherockstrata.Alarmsystemisinstalledinthetunnel.Ifdecomposedrockorstratagapisencountered,wewilldotheliningalongwiththeexcavation.Sukh:Mr.Bian,thisisthelastthingIwanttomention.Incaseaccidentsoccurduringthetunnelexcavation,whatspecialmeasureswillyoutake?Bian:We’vealreadyplacedanorderforanambulanceforthispurpose.Sukh:Tobesafer,Iwouldsuggestthatyoucontactthenearbyhospitalsbeforehand,tomakearrangementswiththem.Theyarealwaysreadytogiveanyhelptheycan.Ifaseriousaccidentoccurs,theywillsendtheirambulancetogetherwiththemedicalstafftothespotimmediately.Bian:That’sagoodidea.Sukh:Mr.Bian,safetyisnotsomethingminor.Itconcernsthereputationandimageofthisprojectandofbothparties.Ihopeitarousesyourattention.Bian:Asanexperiencedinternationalcontractor,reputationismostimportanttous.Besides,experienceshowsthatifpropereffortismadeinsafetyprecaution,itwillnothindertheprogress.Instead,itwillbehelpprogressbecauseateamwithlessaccidentsismoreefficientandproductive.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSVandalism故意破坏，人为破坏Watchmen看守，值班人员Patrol巡游，询查Majorworkingarea主要工区Boundary边界Workable可行的Professional职业的，专业人员Securityguard保安人员Ordinarycivilian普通平民Warningsign警告牌Trespass不经许可私自进入，侵犯Siteperimeter现场周围Hazardousmaterials危险材料，危险品Authorizedvisitors被允许进入现场的参观者Sturdyshoes防护性鞋子，劳保鞋Fireextinguisher灭火器Welding焊接Ladder梯子Scaffold脚手架Standardcommercialproduct标准商用产品Blaster爆破工，起爆器Firstaidstation急救站Medicalstation医疗站Cave-in塌方Watersurging涌水Suffocation窒息Electricshock电击，中电Ambulance救护车Beforehand预先Medicalstaff医护人员Safetyisnotsomethingminor安全可不是下问题Arouse引起Hinder耽搁，拖后NOTESTOTHETEXT1.onthewhole:总体上，大致例如：Thisplanisnotbadonthewhole(这个计划总的来说还不错。)Onthewhole,Ilikethisdesign.(总的来说，我喜欢这种设计)2．Station:驻扎，安置此处用作动词，指派遣人员驻扎看守某地。3．Maingate:大门工地的大门有时也说barrier一词。4．Wakenhut:一保安公司的名称5．NoTrespassing!:不得入内！这是常用的告示语。6．We’lltakethisactionimmediately我们将照此立即执行takeaction意思是“采取行动”，提起诉讼。例如：Thesupplierdecidedtotakeactionagainstthatcompany.(供货商决定起诉那家公司。)7．Itisamust.这是必须做的事。Must这里是名词，意思是“必须条件”，“必须做的事”。例如:EnglishisamustifyouwanttoworkinanEnglish-speakingcountry.(要想在讲英语的国家工作，会英语是一项基本条件。)8．“Jungletimber”:这里指从丛林中砍伐的原木。9．Last,butnotleast:最后，但同样重要的是这是在强调自己最后所说的内容也同样重要时，常说的一句套话。10．Yes,butuponourpriorapprovalonly:只要事先得到我们的批准后才可以upon这里的意思是“在….之后（随即）”。例如：Pleasegiveusanacknowledgementuponreceiptofournotice.(请在收到我们的通知后回函说明。)11．Relevantmeasureswillbetakenagainstthem.:将采取有关防范这些问题的措施句中against意思是“防范”，“针对”请注意这种用法。如：takeprecautionagainstfire(采取防火措施)；insertapriceagainsteachofwork(针对每项填入一个价格)。12．Amongotherthings:除了别的事情外在这里指的是“除了做其它安全工作之外”。13．Thespot:地点这个词常指事故发生地点。EXERCISES1.WhenMr.Bianasksforsuggestions,Mr.Says,”Itisstatedintheplanthattwowatchmenaretobestationedatthemaingateofthesite.”(按计划规定，要派两名看守驻扎在现场大门。)“itisstatedthat…”isausefulsentencepattern,meaning“(按)…规定…”.Now,Youtrydoingthefollowing:1)合同规定，该项工程应于1996年12月竣工。（ItisstatedinthecontractthattheworksshallbecompletedbyDecember,1996.）2)规定，没有业主地同意，承包商不得不将工程地任何部分分包出去。（Itisstatedthecontractorisnotallowedtosubletanypartoftheworkswithouttheconsentoftheowner.）3)在投标人须知中规定，如果中标人拒绝签署合同，其投标保函将别没收。（ItisstatedintheInstructionstoBiddersthatthesuccessfulbidderwillforfeithistenderbondifherefusestosigncontract.）4)规范中规定，承包商必须提供袋装水泥。（Itisstatedinthespecificationthatthecontractormustsupplybaggedcement.）2.Whentalkingaboutthetunnelexcavation,r.Sukhnandansays,“Mr.Bian,thisisthelastthingIwanttomention.”(卞先生，这是我最不愿意提的事情。)“thelastthingsb.Wanttodo”isausefulsentencepattern,meaning“某人最不愿意做某事”.Nowyoutrydoingthefollowing:1)我最不喜欢做这项工作。（ThisisthelastjobIwanttodo.）2)他根本不会接受这个建议。（Thisisthelastadvicehewilltake.）3)我们最不愿意采用这种施工方法。（Thisisthelastconstructionmethodwewanttoadopt.）4)供货商最不愿意接受这种支付方式。（Thisisthelastmethodofpaymentthesupplierwillaccept.）背景与指南（BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS）国际工程的施工过程中，现场治安与施工安全是一个值得重视的问题。一家国际承包商的治安与安全保障体系的好坏，不仅会体现其经济效益上，而且关系到他在国际承包市场上的业务形象。由于承包商所从事的工程处于一个他不太熟系的国家和地区，做好防盗、防人为破坏(guardagainsttheftandvandalism)的工作尤其重要。如果材料或设施被盗，不仅导致直接经济，而且由于来不及重置(replacement),而影响工程的实施。建筑行业是发生工伤事故比较高的一个行业。由于国际工程往往集中了不同国家的技术和雇用大量的当地劳务人员(locallabour)，思想观念和工作方式的不同，加之所存在的语言障碍(languagebarrier),在施工中出现事故的可能性就更大。强调安全并不会影响工程的进度。在国外，雇主与劳动力之间的关系是一个敏感问题(sensitiveissue)。如果承包商重视工人的健康与安全工作，工人的工作积极性就高，工作效率也就高。反之，若工地常常发生工伤事故(accidentsatsite),这不仅会降低工人地工作效率，而且很可能在当地招募不到所需的劳动力，从而影响工程的顺利进展。对于危险场所，如：炸药仓库、变电站、发电机房等，要标有用汉语和当地语言书写警告牌(warningsigns)。在进场道路和现场内的道路上危险地段，也应设有限速(speedlimit)标志与相应地警告牌。UNIT11MEETINGS(4)4.EnvironmentalProtection(Asenvironmenthasbecomeabigconcerninthe.modernworld,environmentalprotectionisalwaysemphasizedbythecountrywheretheWorksareexecuted.Attoday'smeeting,mattersontheproject'senvironmentalprotectionarescheduledtobediscussed.'Mr.Lucas,aninspec-torfromtheLocalEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ispresentatthemeetingandinquiresofMr.Sukhnandan,theOwner'srepresentative,andMr.Bian,theContractor'sprojectmanag-er,abouttheimplementationofenvironmentalprotectionontheproject.)Sukh:Mr.Bian,Idon’tthinkyou’vemetMr.Lucas,Inspector.ofEPA.Mr:LucasthisisMr.Bian,projectmanageroftheContractorforthisproject.Bian:Welcometotheproject,Mr.Lucas.It'sanhonourtomeetyou.Sukh:Mr.Lucashopestolearnhowtheenvironmentisprotectedwhiletheproject'sgo-ingon.Lucas:Yes,that’swhatIamherefor.Thisisaveryimportantprojectforourcountry.However,somelocalresidents.From.thenearbycommunityarerather.concernedwithitspossible,adverseimpactontheenvironmentduringthe.,construction.Whatenvironmentalprotection:measuresdoyouundertake?Bian:Mr.SukhnandanandIhavediscussedthismatterseveraltimes.Bothsides,attachgreatimportancetoit.RightfromthebeginningoftheWorks,westudiedtheenvironmentalprotectionregulationspublishedbytheGovernment.Accordingly,wehavemadeacarefulplanonthisproject,whereguidelinesaresetoutforalltheemployeesonthisprojecttoobserveforprotectingtherelevantland,sur-roundingvegetationand,especially,theMacalRiverwater.Lucas:MayIhavemorespecificdetailsofyourmeasures?Bian:Toavoidcontaminationbytheleakingoffuelandgarbage,varioustreatmentfacilitieshavebeenbuilt.Latrines,losetotheworkingareas,wereerectedinaccordancewithMr.Sukhnandan'ssuggestions.ProtectionoftheMacalRiverfromcontaminationiswherewespendourmoreeffort.Thingslike-emptycementbags,cartonsandotherwastematerialsareclearedawayfromtheriverbanksintimetopreventthemfromfallingintotheriver.Astothewastewaterfromthecrushingsystematourbatchplant,specialtreatmentiscarriedbeforeitisletgointotheriver.Lucas：Couldyouelaborateonyourspecialtreatment?Bian：Wehaveasettlementtanksystem．itiscellularwiththreeceils．Thewastewaterfrom．thesandandaggregatewasherfirstrunsalongtheoutletditchwithlilteringdevicesintothe‘firstcellforinitialsettlement．AfteranintervaIoftwentyfourhours，thewater~lowsintothesecondcellwherechemicaltreatmentisgivenfortherockflourtosettle。Finally，thetreatedwaterreachestheriverthroughthethirdcell．Thesedimentsludgeiscleanedoutregularlyanddisposedofinaproperarea·Lucas：Soundsfine，buthowdoyouguaranteethatthisplanisimplemented?Bian：Wehavedesignatedoneofourstafftobesolelyinchargeofthisjob．Heisre—sponsibleformonitoringandexaminingalltheworkingcrewscarryingoutthiswork．Ofcourse，wearealwaysunderthesuDerintendenceoftheOwner．Sukh：That'sright；Lucas：CanIgotothejobsiteandhavealook，please?Sukh：Youarewelcometovisitthejobsiteatanytimeyoulike．Bian：After_yourvisit．tothesite，youcouldgobackandtellthoseworriedresidentsthatthisprojectwillnotdoanyharmtotheirlives．Instead，itwillimprovetheirliv-ingconditions．WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSabigconcern极为关注的事emphasize强调EnvironmentalProtectionAgency环境保护局inquireof询问implementation执行localresident当地居民adverseimpact不利影响contamination污染leaking．漏，渗treatmentfacility(废物)处理设施carton纸板箱Crushingsystem碎石系统Elaborate详细说明settlementtanksystem沉淀池系统，沉沙池系统cellular网格状的cell单元格，区格sand．andaggregatewasher砂子与骨料冲洗机outletditch排水沟filteringdevice过滤装置Interval间隔期，间隔时间flowinto流入chemicaltreatment化学处理rockflour石粉末settle沉淀sedimentsludge沉积泥沙disposeof‘处理designate指定underthesuperintendenceof在…的监督下livingconditions生活条件NOTESTOTHETEXT1.presentatthemeeting:出席会议，与会present这里是形容词，意思是“到场的”，“出席的”。如:thepeoplepresenthere(到场的人)。2:It'sanhonourtomeetyou.:一见到你真荣幸。一这是首次见面时常说的客套话。3:Mr.Lucashopestolearnhowthe-environmentisprotected…:Lucas先生希望了解一下环境保护方面的间题…句中的learn在这里是“了解”，“得知”的意思。例如:Whenhelearnedthatthegoodscouldnotbedeliveredontime,hemadeacalltothemanufacturerimmediatelyhimself(当他得知货物不能按时交伟他立即亲自给厂家挂了电话。)4.EPA:环境保护局EnvironmentalProtectionAgency的缩写形式。5.Whatenvironmentalprotectionmeasuresdoyouundertake?:你们采取的环保措施有哪些?undertake在这里等于take6.nearbycommunity:附近的居民community意思是“团体”，“社区”，“同一地区的全体居民。如:internationalcommunity(国际社会)，religiouscommunity(宗教团体)。7.Rightfromthebeginningofthe:Works，:从工程一开始right这里是加强语气的副词。8.garbage::废料，垃圾英国人常用rubbish一词。9.latrine:工地上的简易厕所·10.initial:初始的，第一次;在合同管理中，这个词用作动词时，意思是“草签”、“小签”，指在文件上签上·自己名字的首写字母，如:若名字为JohnBrown，则签JB，中国人一般签自己的姓(last-name)11.…thisprojectwilldonotanyharmto.theirlives.:这一工程项目不会对他们生活产生危害。doharmto意思是对“对…有害”;donoharmto意思是“对…无害”。例如:Poorventilationwilldoharmtotheworkers'health.(通风不好会损害工人的健康。)EXERCISESl.-WhenMr.Lucaswantstoknowmoredetailsaboutthetreatmentofwastewaterfromthecrushingsystem，hesays，“Couldyouelaborateonyourspecialtreatment?"(你是否再详细地介绍一下你们专门的污水处理方法?)"Could.youelaborateon…?，，isaverypolitewaytoaskformoredetailedinformationaboutsomething,meaning“.您是否详细地说明一下…”·Now，youtrydoingthefollowing:1)A:We'lldosomethingaboutit.B:您是否能详细说一下你们的具体措施?(Couldyouelaborateonyourspecificmeasures?)2)A:Thisisourtentativeplan.B:我们希望你们编制得再详细点。(We-hopeyoucanelaborateonit.)3)A:你们只需告诉我们事实，不必加以解释。(Youjusttellusthefacts.Don'telaborateonthem.)_B:Allright，butthefactsmustbeinterpretedimpartially..2.WhenMr.,:Lucasasksifhecangotothejobsite，Mr.Sukhnandansays，"Youarewell-cometovisitthejobsiteatanytimeyoulike.，，(随时欢迎您到工地参观。)"Youarewelcometodosth"isanexpressiontowelcomesomeonetodosomething，meaning_.“欢迎您…”or”您尽管…”Now,youtrydoingthefollowing:1)欢迎您到我们公司参观。(Youarewelcometovisitourcompany.)2)欢迎您提出自己的建议。(Youarewelcometo'giveusyoursuggestions.)3)这台设备您尽管用(Youarewelcometousethisequipment.)背景与指南（BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS）近年来，随着社会的发展，.环境保护正日益成为全球关心的问题(globalconcern)。各国政府对在本国工程项目建设中可能造成的污染都很重视，常常在工程施工过程中派有关人员到工地去检查。项目的业主也常在合同中对施工中的环保间题作出相应的规定。承包商根据业主的要求往往也编制自己的环保计划(environmentalprotection.plan),对开挖出的弃土与石渣的倾倒(dumpingofsurplussoilandmuck),施工现场上污水(sewage)与垃圾(garbage)的处理，特别是对于一些可能出现化学污染<chemicalpollution)防范措施等作出详细的规定，供业主批准。UNIT12PAYMENTSForaconstructionproject，paymentofthecontractprice,normally,isdividedintointerimpaymentsandfinalpayment，andisrathercomplex.Toreceivetheprogresspaymentsdur-ingtheperiodoftheconstruction，thecontractorisrequiredtoapplyfor,thembysubmittingamonthlystatementaftertheendofeachworkingmonth..1.SettlingtheFormoftheMonthlyStatement(BeforeamonthlystatementissubmittedtoMr.Sukhnandan，theOwner's'representative,theformofithastobeapprovedbyhim.Mr.Zhang,theContractor’sprojectmanager’sassistant,istalkingtohimabouttheform.)Zhang:Mr:Sukhnandanthisisthedraftformofourmonthlystatement.Willyouhaveachecktoseeifitisallright,please?Sukh:I'llhavetogooveritfirst.v:Ifyouaxebusy;Mr.Zhang，I'llhaveitsentbacktoyou,togetherwithmycommentswhenI'mthroughwithit.Zhang:I'dprefertowait.here,ifyoudon'tmindSukh:Not'atall.Takeaseat，please.Zhang;Ihopewecansettletheformthismorning.Sukh:Ihopesotoo.IthinkI'llbefinishedinfifteenminutesandthenyoucanhavemycommentsrightaway.Wouldyoulikeacoffee?Zhang:Thankyou.Sukh:(Afterchecking.)Well,Mr.ZhangtheformisOKingenerals,butItem1"ValueoftheWorksExecuted”inthisformshouldbebrokendownintotwoitems.Oneisforthepermanentworksandtheotherforthetemporaryworks.Zhang:Thankyou,Mr:Sukhnandan.I'llcomebacktomorrowafternoonandgiveyoutheMonthlyStatementforthecompletedmonthinthisrevisedform.Isitallrightwithyou?Sukh:Anytimeafter3o'clock.Zhang:Whendoyouthinkwecanreceive-thepayment?Sukh:Ifthere'snoproblemwiththestatement,I'llcertifythepaymenttoourheadofficeandaccountingdepartmentrightaway..Itwillbetransferredtoyourbankaccountprobablywithin30daysafterIgetthestatement,orwithin56daysatthelatest.Zhang:OK.I'llbeexpectingitthen.Thesooner，thebetter.2.TheAmountisnotcorrect(Astheamountofthepaymentcertificateisobtainedfromcomplexcalculations，problemsmayoccureasily.Mr.ZhangisintheOwner'ssiteoffice，showinghisdoubt一toMr.SukhnandanabouttheamounttobereceivedfromtheOwnerinrespectofthemonthlypay-ment.)·Sukh:HaveyoureceivedthepaymentforOctober，Mr.Zhang?Zhang:Iamnotsure.Wehavenotbeeninformedbythebankyet,butthankyouforyourpromptdeliveryofthecopyoftheInterimCertificateNo.6，Mr.Sukhnandan:Unfortunately，wefoundthattheamountisincorrect.Sukh:Oh，isit?-.:Zhang:Inthiscertificate，anamountof10percentofthepaymentduetoushasbeende-ductedtorepaytheadvancepayment.Wedon'tthinkthatitshouldbe.Sukh:TheOwnerisentitledtorepaymentoftheadvancethroughdeductionsatarateof10percentofeachprogresspayment.Zhang:Yes，butafterthetotalamountcertifiedhasreached30-percentoftheContractPrice,accordingtotheContract..Sukh:Now,thepaymentsyou've'gothaveaddeduptothisamount.Zhang:That'sright，butwehaveadifferentunderstandingonthispoint.WebelievethattheContract'impliesthatthedeductionshouldstartfromthenextcertificatebyusingtheword"AFTER"inClause60"RepaymentoftheAdvancePayment":0'Sukh:Perhapstheword"AFTER".isusedincorrectly.Itisindeedquitemisleadinghere,buttheinterimcertificatehasbeendeliveredtoouraccountingdepartmentbackinouroffice.Letmeputitthisway:TheamountinthiscertificatestaysasitisandI’llmakenodeductionfortherepaymentinthenextcertificate.Howdoesthissoundtoyou?.Zhang:Itsoundsallright.nltakeit，sinceitwouldrequiretoomuchefforttomodifytheamountofthecurrentcertificate.Goodcooperationisthekeyforthesuccessofthisproject.Sukh:Thankyouforyourunderstanding.Zhang:Mr.Sukhnandan;there'ssomethingelseIwanttotalkoverwithyou.It'sabout-theretentionmoney.Bynow,theretentionmoviesthathavebeendeductedfromallthepreviouscertificateshavereached‘halfofthetotal.Isitpossibleforustosubstituteabankguaranteeforthemoviesyou've.soretained?Thatmeanswesubmittoyouaguaranteewiththesameamountandyoureleasealltheretainedmoniestous.We'reinneedofmoreworkingcapitalatthisconstructionstage，youknow.Sukh:Thisconcernsourgeneralfinancingarrangements.Personally,Idon'topposesuchanideasolongastheguaranteeisanunconditionaloneandtheissuingbankisacceptable.Thisissue,,however,isbeyondmyauthorityandI'llhavetoasktheheadofficeforapprovalZhang:Willyoupleaseadviseuswhenyouhavearesponsefromyourheadoffice?Sukh:I'llgiveyouareplyinsevendays,Zhang:Thankyou.W.RDSANDEXPRSSIUNScontractprice合同价格finalpayment最终付熬，结算.progresspayment进度付款.goover审阅，看一遍settletheform将格式定下来-ingeneral总体上permanentworks永久工程-temporaryworks临时工程revisedform修改的格式accountingdepartment会计部门bankaccount银行帐户paymentcertificate支付证书inrespectof有关…方面showone'sdoubtout对…表示疑问..repay偿还theadvancepayment预付款atarateof以…的比率，以…的速度reach30percentofthecontractprice达到合同价格的30%imply隐含，暗指misleading使人易误解的，引人歧途的thekeytothesuccessoftheproject项目成功的关键retention保持，保留(金)previous以前的workingcapital流动资金，周转资金unconditional无条件的issuingbank开具保函的银行，开证行beyond,myauthority超过我的权力NOTESTOTHETEXT1.interim,payment:期中付款，临时付款相当于我们通常所说的“进度付款”(progresspayment)2.monthlystatement;每月报表指承包商为获得付款在每月末或下月初向业主提交的报表，其中说明在该月已完成的工程价值，购买并运至现场的材料和设备的价值(valueofthematerialsandplantstobedeliveredontothesite)以及有关的价格调整(priceadjustmens)等。‘3.I'llhaveitsentbacktoyou.:我派人再把表送给你。请注意这一句型的用法。4.Item1"ValueoftheWorksExecuted":第一项“完成的工程的价值，，item这个词在工程管理中很常用，如:itemsofwork(工作项)，_anitemofequipment(一件设备)，itemNo.(项目编号)5.breakdownintotwoitems:分成两项breakdown在这里是“分解”，“分成细项”的意思。如:breakdowntheprices(价格分解，价格分析)。6.certifythepayment开具支付证书certify在这里意思是“证明”，“为…开具证书”，常用于财务方面，如:certifiedinvoice(签证发票)，certifiedcheck(保付支票)，certifiedletterofcredit(保付信用证)。7.interimcertificate即interimpaymentcertificate(期中支付证书)8.dueto这里是“到期应付“的意思。9.theadvance:即theadvancepayment(预付款)，指业主在承包商开工前提前支付给他的一笔不计利息的款项，用于承包商的前期开支，_并按合同规定从每月进度付款中分期扣还。10.stayasitis保持不变，不作修改这是一种习惯用法。11.the.currentcertificate:这一期的证书current意思是“现时的”，通用的”，如:cur-rent.affairs(时事)，currentaccount(活期存款帐户，经常项目)，currentassets(流动资产)，currentincome(本期收益)，currentdeposit(活期存款)，currentliabilities(流动负债，短期负债)，currentprice(时价)._12.Howdoesthis'sound.toyou?;你觉得这个意见怎么样?这是口语中征求别人意见时的常用句型13.retentionmoney:保留金指业主为了保证承包商在维修期/缺陷责任期(MaintenancePeriod/DefectsLiabilityPeriod)内去修补工程缺陷而从进度款项中所暂时扣发的一笔款额，约为合同价格的5％14.substitutefor:用…取代…注意这个词组replacewith的区别，例如：Theengineersubstitutedthenewpartsforthewornpartsofthemachine..-(那位工程师用新部件换下了机器的磨损件。)-·这句话同样可以说:.Theengineerreplacedthewornpartsofthemachinewiththenewparts.15.bankguarantee;银行保函在国际工程管理中,常用的银行保函类型有:bidguarantee(投标银行保函)，performanceguarantee(履约银行保函)，bankguaranteeforadvancepayment(预付款银行保函)，domesticpreferenceguarantee(国内优惠银行保函)。EXERCISES1.WhenMr:Sukhnandansays，"Ifyouarebusy,Mr.Zhang,I’llhaveitsenttoyou.”,Mr.Zhanganswers,I’dprefertowaithereifyoudon’tmind.”(如果你不介意的话，我在这里等一下。)“…ifyoudon’tmind“isaverypolitewayinmakingasuggestionorachoice.Now,youtrydoingthefollowing:1)A:We'dliketoinviteyoutoadinner.:partytonight.B:如果你不介意的话，我想呆在我的房间准备明天的谈判文件（I'dprefertostayindoorsopreparethedocumentfortomorrow'snegotiationifyoudon’tmind。）2)A：Canwesettlethematternow?B:如果你不介意，我想把这一问题留在下次会议讨论(IwanttoleaveittobediscussedinournextmeetingIfyoudon'tmind:)3)A:Wherewouldyouliketogoforavisit?B:我想逛一逛故宫，如果你不介意的话。(I'dliketohaveastrollinthePalaceMuseumifyoudon’tmind.)2.:WhenMr:Zhangsays,”Ihopewecansettletheformthismorning.”,Mr:Sukhnandanreplies,"IthinkI'llbefinishedinfifteenminutes.”(我想我十五分钟就能完成。)"befinished(withsth)"means“（已经）完成某事。”1)A:你的工作完成了吗?(Areyoufinishedwithyourwork?)B:Notyet2)A:你认为你们何时能完成截流?(Whendoyouthinkyouwillbefinishedwiththeriverclosure?:)B:Weareconductingthejobrightnowandwillbefinishedinthreedays.`3)A:Howabouttheexcavationoftheverticalshaft?B:我们已经完成了。(Wearefinishedwithitalready.)背景与指南（BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS）工程款项的支付贯穿着工程的整个实施过程，付款程序(paymentprocedure)一也比较复杂。在开工之前，承包商可向业主申请工程预付款(advancepayment)，但须向业主提交预付款保函。关于进度款和最终结算款(interimandfinalpayment)，合同中一般均有比较细致的规定。按照土木工程施工合同的支付质例，进度款按月支付，其程序如下:首先，承包商在每个月末之后(即下月初)按业主一方指定的格式提交每月报表(monthlystatement)，说明:完成的永久工程的价值(valueofthepermanentworks);有关临时工程、施工设备、计日工等费用;运至工地但尚未使用的材料和永久工程设备的发票价值((invoicevalue)的一个百分数;价格的调整额以及业主向意的索赔款等。当业主代表或业主工程师收到报表后，如果他认为正确无误，在扣去保留金(retentionmoney)和其他应扣款后，则应在合同规定的时间内开具支付证书(paymentcertificate)、送交业主。收到支付证书后，业主应在规定的时间内进行审查并向承包商支付。关于工程的最终付款，.不同的合同规定不尽相同。但大体程序如下:当工程竣工，业主一方向承包商颁发移交证书(taking-overcertificate)后，业主应退还一半保留金，同时承包商向业主提交竣工报表(statementatcompletion)，说明他完成的所有工作的价值以及业主应付给他到期的工程款余额(balancedue)，业主根据合同规定予以支付。当维修期结束后，业主须在规定的时间内退还另一半保留金。UNIT13SITEVISITBYAGOVERNMENTOFFICIALAspowerprojectplayaveryimportantroleinthedevelopmentoftheecnomyofacountry,governmentsalwayssetgreatstorebythem.Often,governmentofficialsmakevisitstothejobsitetoseehowthingsaregoingthereandexpresstheirsupportand,sometimes,concernsovertheproject.1.goingtothejobsite(Mr.Bruce,MinisterofNatureResourses,hasmadeaoppointmentwithMr.Bian,projectmanager,tovisitthesitetoday.Mr.brucearrivesatthesiteofficewhereMr.BianandMr.zhangareexpectinghim.)Bian:Welcometoourproject,Mr.Bruce.Bruce:Thankyou.Bian:Thisisassitant,Mrzhang.Bruce:Gladtoseeyou,Mrzhang.Zhang:Gladtomeetyoutoo,Mr.Bruce.Wearehonouredbyyourvisit.Shallwegotothesitenow?Bruce:OK.Bian:Iamafraidtheroadtothesiteisnotsogood.Let’stakemyBronco;it’safour-wheeldrive,verypowerful.Ihopeyoudon’tmind.Bruce:Ofcoursenot,ifwearegoingtothejobsite.Howfarisitfromhere?Zhang:Abouttowandahalfmiles.Bian:Let’sgo.(onthewaytothesite)Bruce:<Seeworkerserectingelectricpolesalongsidetheaccessroad>Isuposetheyarebuldingthetransmissionlinefortheproject.Zhang:Actruallythisisapartofthewholeproject.Wehavesubletittoalocalcontractor.Besidesthistransmissionline,wehavethreesections-thediversionstructure,thepowerhouseandthetunnel.Whichsectionwouldyouliketovisitfirst?Bruce:Thedivertionstructure,please.What’stheinstalledcapacityofthisproject?Bian:Threegeneratinguniteswillbeinstalled;200megawattsforeachunit.Thetotalcapacitywillbe600megawatts.Bruce:Whenwillyoucompletethewholefacility?Bian:ItshouldbecompletedbyDecembernextyearaccordingtotheContract.Bian:Ithinkwewollbecompletetheproject2monthaheadoftimeifeverythinggosesmoothly…Bruce:Iamgladtohearthat.Yousee,thiscountyisrichinnatureresourse,especiallyforestryandfruit.Ontheotherhand,manypeopleareoutofwork.Wewanttodevelopthelocalindustryandsolvestheproblemofunemployment,butweareshortofpower.So,thisprojectisveryimportanttous.ThisiswhyIsupportthisprojectpersonally.Bian:Oncethisprojectiscompleted,youcouldbuildsomefruitandlumberprocessingplants.Theseplantswillhelpandremoveunemployment.Bruce:That’swhatwehaveinmind.Zhang:Hereweare.2.Atthejobsite(Theyareatthediversionstructurenow.Mr.ZhangaredescribingthestructuretoMr.Bruce.Theworkarebusyplacingconcreteforthedam)Bian:Thisisdamsite.Weareplacingconcreteforthepartontheleftbankanddoingexcavationontheright.Look,theworkersarenowpouringthe5thlifttheblock8.Bruce:Whatwilltheweightofthedamwillbe?Zhang:42metres,about130feet.Bruce:It’sabigjob.Ipresumealargeareawillbesubmergedbythereservoirafterthedamiscompleted.Bian:Yes,thatisright.Bruce:AlthoughIfirmlysupportthisproject,gentlemen,Iamconcernedwiththebalanceofnatureinthisarea.Wehavesomerarefishinthisriverandcrocodile,too.Bian:Wehaveconsideredallthisinourprojectdesignandhavetakensomemeasuresduringtheconatruction.Wewillbuildafishpassinthisstrucure,forexample,Wewilltryourbesttominimizeanyadverseeffectsontheenvirenment.Todemonstrateourgoodwilltothelocalpeople,wehavedonatedsomemoneytothenaturezoo.Bruce:Iappreciateit.Bytheway,howmuchcementwillbeusedforthewholeproject?Bian:Morethan15000t;sowemixconcreteonthejobsiteinsteadofusingready-mix.Thisismoreeconomical.Whynothavealookatourbatchingplant?It’sjust150metresahead.Bruce:Goodidea.(Atthebatchingplant)Bruce:Whatarethosetwobigthings?Zhang:Theyarecementsilos,wherebulkcementisstored.Bian:Thisiscentralpartofthisproject,themixingfacility.It’sfullycomputerpro-grammed.Bruce:<Afterseeingthesitetechnician’soperation>Terrific!Wheredotheagregateandsandcomefrom?Zhang:Wehaveourcrushingsystem.It’snexttothisplant.see,…Bruce:Everythingisingoodorder.Bian:Thankyou.Bruce:Whatisthat?Zhang:Itisintake,thepeoplewhereisdivertedintothetunnel.Bruce:Howlongisthewholetunnel?Zhang:4miles,excludingthetwoadits.Bruce:Andit’sside?Bian:15mitresindiametre.Thatis…Zhang:About50feet.Bian:Shallwegooverthereandhaveacloselook?Bruce:OK.Let’sgo.WORDANDEXPRESSIONSPowerproject电力项目Developmentoftheeconomy经济发展Setgreatstoreby重视Ministryofnatureresourse自然资源部Installedcapacity装机容量Generatingunit发电机组Megawatt兆瓦Threemonthaheadoftime提前三个月Localindustry地方工业Unemployment失业Processingplant加工厂Submerge淹没Reservoir水库Thebalanceofnature生态平衡Rarespecialoffish珍贵鱼类Crocodile鄂鱼Fishpass鱼道Adverseeffect不利影响Demonstrate表达Goodwill意愿Donate捐献Mixconcrete拌制混凝土Ready-mix预制混凝土Cementsilo水泥仓Terrific了不起，好极了Excluding不包括NotestothetextWearehonouredbyyourvisit：您的参观使得我们感到荣幸；Let’stakemyBronco：我们乘坐“野马”吧；乘车用：take；it’safour-wheeldrive：此句子为省略句，意思是这车是四驱动的；Whenwillyoucompletethewholefacility：什么时候完成整个工程，这里的facility等于work；Yousee,thiscountyisrichinnatureresourse：你知道yousee，我们这里资源丰富；Ontheotherhand,manypeopleareoutofwork：另一方面，许多人失业，outof表示失去或没有，如：outofpower；outofstock；weareshortofpower：（beshortof）缺乏电力；Theseplantswillhelpandremoveunemployment：（remove等于getridof）这些装置将帮助消除失业；That’swhatwehaveinmind：我也这么想（havesomethinginmind想到某事）；It’sfullycomputerpro-grammed：完全由电脑操作；It’snexttothisplant：（nextto与什么…相邻）15mitresindiametre：直径15米。EXERCISES1.WhenMr.Brucewantstoknowthedistancefromtheofficetothesite,heasks,“Howfarisitfromhere?Howfarisit(from…to…)?Now,youcantrydoingthefollowing:⑴A：中国距离我们有多远？HowfarisitfromourcountrytoChina?B:Iamnotsure,butittakes12hoursflight.⑵A:仓库距离搅拌楼多远？Howfarisitfromwarehousetobatchingplant?B:Abouthalfamile.⑶A:工地距离卸货港口多远？Howfarisitfromprojectsitetotheunloadingport?B:Ittakestwohour’sride.2.Talkingabouttheimportantoftheproject,Mr.Brucesays,“so,thisprojectisveryimportanttous.That’swhyIsupportthisprojectpersonally.”Personallyisatermusuallyusedtoindicateone’sopinion,meaning“在我个人看来”；Now,youcantrydoingthefollowing:⑴A：Whatdoyouthinkofthisplan?B:Personally,Idon’tthinkthisplanisfeasible.在我个人看来，这个方案并不可行；⑵A:Whatdoyouthinkofthisproject?B:Personally,Iaminfavourofitbecauseitwillbringbenefittothelocalpeople.在我个人看来，我很赞成这个项目，因为他给当地人民带来了好处。⑶A:Theteamwillbeabletofinishitwithintwodays,Ipresume?B:Well,Personally,Ifeelthatthiswillbedifficult.不过，在我个人看来，这很困难。背景和指南BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS工程项目的建设，尤其是大型项目的建设直接影响haveadirecteffect到一个国家的经济发展。因此，在项目的实施过程中，政府高级官员常常到现场参观工程。特别是当该项目带有政治色彩的时候forpoliticalreasons时或在大选generalelection之前，情况尤其如此。接待这样的来访者，一定要热情和周到warmandthoughtful。首先可以向客人介绍工程的概况，然后先去何处看看，无比征求客人的意见。接待过程中，承包商的项目经理要让客人感觉到能够按期完成项目，并且保证质量。使其对项目有个好的印象，agoodimpression，同时有必要将涉及工程外部事务externalrelations的处理困难等提出，希望通过他的影响influence改善项目实施的外部环境。如果参观完成时正好赶上吃饭时间，也可以邀请客人一起用餐havingalightmeal。接待过程中，言语上要注意，应该作到正式得体formalandappropriate。UNIT14ENTERTAININGONCHINESENEWYEAREVEItistheCinesenewyear’seveandatwo-dayholidayisgiventoalltheworkersinvolvedintheproject.TheChineseworkersarebusyhavinghaircutorputtinguptheSpringFestivalCoupletsonthedoorsoftheirdormstowelcometheNewYear’scoming.Theprojectmanager,Mr.Bian,however,isnotaslight-hearedastheworkers;heistakingthisopportunitytoinvitetheOwner’ssitemanagementtodinnertoexpresshisthanksfortheirco-operationandtoenhancetheworkingrelationship.1.Atthedinnertable(Mr.Biannandanandhisconsultant,Mr.Shawarejustontimefordinner.Mr.BianandMr.Zhangarehostingthem.)Zhang:Pleasebeseated.Bian:Today,wewilltreatyoutoatypicallyChinesedinner.Suk:Thanksforyourhospitality.Shaw:We’veboughtabottleofblacklabelforyou.forallofus,tobeexact.Zhang:Thankyou.Look,wehavepreparesomeChinesewinefofthisdinner.Suk:Great!IlikeChinesewhitewine.(soneofthedishesareserved.)Shaw:Everythinglookssonice.Couldyoutellusaboutthesedishes,please?Bian:Thishereiscrispychicken,andthisisfiredcrabmeat,that’sbraisedeggplant…Lookatthis:It’sjiaozi,orwaterdumpling,atypicallyChinesefoodfortheChinesenewyear’sevedinnerinthenorthenpartofChina.Helpyourselves,please.Shaw:<Aftertryingsome>Verytasty!Itlooklikedumpling,butwithadifferentflavour…Zhang:Herecomesthefish!Suk:Whatabigfish!(aftertryingsome)Thisfishisreallydelicious.Zhang:Doyousomemore?Wealwayshavefishfornewyear’evedinner,especiallyinthesonthenpartofChina.Suk:Whyisthat?Zhang:Wealllikefish.Besides,thewordfor“fish”inChineselanguagehasthesomesoundasthewordforabundance.Sofishisasignofabundance.Bian:WehaveasayinginChina“fisheveryyear”-whichsoundthenameas“abundanceeveryyear”.Shaw:Howclever!Suk:Now,letmeproposeatoasttotheabundanceforalltheChinesefriendshereinthecomingChinesenewyear!Bian:Tothefriendlyco-operationandthecuccessoftheproject!Everyone:Cheers!2.After-dinnerTalks(Afterthedinnerisover.Everyoneseemstobeinhighspiritsandtalksalot.)Suk:Whenwecamehere,IsawsomeChineseputtingupsomethingonthedoorsoftheirdorms.Isitsomethingspecialforyourfestival?Zhang:TheywereputtingupwhatwecallSpringFestivalCouplets.Usually,whenSpringFestivalcomesnear,weputupSpringFestivalCoupletsonthedoorsoffurnituretowishourselvesabrightandhappynewyear.Bian:Moreoften,peopleplaceupsidedownthechinesecharacter福，whichmeansluck.Shaw:That’sintresting,butwhydoyouputinupsidedown?Bian:InChinese,”upsidedown”hasthesamesoundastheword“arrive”.Whenweplacetheword“fu”upsidedown,itsignifiesthatourluckisarriving.Shaw:TheChineselanguageisreallymagic.Suk:WhatdoyouusuallydoduringtheChinesenewyearbackinChina?Zhang:Generally,thereisalotoffeastingandvisitingrelativesandfroends.Therearevariouskindsofamusementsandperformance.Suk:Isupposetherearealotoffireworks.Zhang:Inthepast,yes.Nowitisforbiddeninmanycitiesasaprecautiontoavoidfireaccidents.Butwehavealotofotheramusementsandperformances:dragonandliondance,colourfulfloats,acrobaticsandwalkingonstilts.Suk:IwishIwouldspendthespringfestivalinChina.Shaw:Onnewyear’sdayhereinourcountry,wesay“happynewyear”asagreeting,justaswesay“merrychristmas”duringchristmasseason.Whatdothechinesesayasgreetingforthespringfestival?Bian:Therearedifferentgreetings.Themostcommononesare“happyspringfestival”and“Mayyoubecomerichandprosperous.”Suk:Well,sincewecan’tspeakchinese,letmesayinEnglish“Mayyouhaveahappyspringfestival”!Shaw:Andasuccessfulexecutionofproject.Bian:Thankyou.Wesincerelyhopetoenjoyyourcontinuingco-operationandsupportinthecomingChinesenewyear!WORDANDEXPRESSIONSNewyear’seve除夕Putup张贴Springfestival春节Couplet对联Dorm宿舍Light-hearted轻松的Invitesbtodinner邀请别人用餐Host做东，主人workingrelationship工作关系hospitality热情的servethedish上菜crispychicken香酥鸡friedcrabmeat炒蟹黄braisedeggplant烧茄子flavour风味delicious可口的asignofabundance富裕的象征upsidedown倒置signify预示magic富有想象力feasting亲戚relative关系fireworks焰火forbid禁止dragonandliondance舞龙和狮子colourfulfloats彩车acrobatics杂技walkingonstilts踩高跷greeting问候NotestothetextPleasebeseated：就位（正式说法）；Today,wewilltreatyoutoatypicallyChinesedinner：treatsbtodinner邀请某人吃饭；blacklabel：一种酒的品牌；whitewine：白酒；It’sjiaozi,orwaterdumpling：饺子是中国特有的说法，需要作出一定解释，用dumpling解释；Aftertryingsome品尝之后；Besides,thewordfor“fish”inChineselanguagehasthesomesoundasthewordforabundance.在汉语中fish和abundance的发音相近；WehaveasayinginChina“fisheveryyear”-whichsoundthenameas“abundanceeveryyear”.在中国，我们有中说法，年年有“鱼“表示年年有”余“！Cheers!干杯！towishourselvesabrightandhappynewyear.祝福我们有个吉祥愉快的新的一年；Moreoften,peopleplaceupsidedownthechinesecharacter福，whichmeansluck.人们常常把汉语中表示“好运“的”福“字倒过来贴；merrychristmas圣诞快乐；EXERCISES1.Inthecourseofthedinner,whenMr.sukwantstogivehisgoodwishestotheChinesefriend,hesay,“now,letmeproposeatoasttotheabundanceforalltheChinesefriendshere,inthecomingChinesenewyear.”现在，我提议为这里所有中国朋友在即将来临的新年里的富足而举杯。“proposeatoastto”isacolloquialexpressionoffenusedinadinnertowishsomebodysuccess,goodhelthy,etc..meaning“为了…而举杯祝福“；⑴Now,letmeproposeatoasttothesuccessofourcooperation.现在，我提议为了我们的合作成功而干杯；⑵Now,letmeproposeatoasttothepresenceofourhonouredguests;现在，我提议为了我们尊贵的客人到来而干杯；⑶Now,letmeproposeatoasttothesmoothprogressoftheproject;现在，我提议为了我们工程的顺利进展而干杯；2.WhenMr.suklearnsthattherearesomanyperformancesduringtheChinesespringfestival,hesays,“IwishIcouldspendthespringfestivalinChina”.Iwish…isoftenusedtoindicatethespeaker’swishthatsomethingwouldbethecase,eventhoughthatheknowsthatitisimpossibleorunlikely,meaning: 我真希望或者我要是能…该多好…Now,youtrydoingthefollowing:⑴A：Iamgoingtospendmaholidaynextweek.B:IwishIcouldsaythesame.要是我能和你们一起度假就好了；⑵A:ThreeGorgesreallylooksgrandiose.B:IwishIcouldgotheresoon.我真希望我能很快去那里；⑶A:Iwishwecouldcompletetheprojectaccordingtotheoriginalschedule.Buttoourgreatsurprise,thefloodcameheresoonthisyear.B:Iblieveyouwillbeabletoovercomethepresentdifficultyandmakethisprojectasuccess.背景和指南BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS我国的建筑公司在国外承揽工程时，即使在工期比较紧apressingschdule的情况下，如过遇到春节这样的节日也会放假两天左右，让项目上的中方人员欢度一下自己的节日，使其在身心上面得到些须放松physicalandmental.但是我们的项目经理经常利用这个机会宴请外方的管理人员，感谢与其合作，以便进一步拉近合作关系或者改善双方关系。一般来说，大多数外国人也比较喜欢中餐Chinesefood,因此，我们可以利用春节的机会邀请外国代表。由于考虑文化的差异，我们需要注意，如，中国人为了表示对外国人的尊敬，习惯于往客人的碟子里面夹菜，西方人对此不习惯。如果这样做了，在座的翻译人员需要向有关客人作出解释，这是中国人的友好习惯方式，以取得对方的理解。节日festival是每个民族的文化nationalculture的重要组成部分，在饭后的交谈中，谈一谈我们国家的传统节日文化往往是客人最感兴趣的话题themostinterestingtopic.UNIT15CONSTRUCTIONCLAIMIninternationalconstructioncontracting,thecontractoroftenmakesclaimagainsttheownerforavarietyofreasons,amongwhicharedifferentunderstandingoftheconstractdocuments,delaybytheownerinissuingdrawingsandinstruction,differingsiteconditionsandeventofforcemajeure.1.claimregardingtheaccessroad(Aftertheownerreceiveaclaimregardingtheaccessroadfromthecontractor,theowner’srepresentative,Mr.suk,.togetherwithhisconsultant,Mr.shaw,callsameeting.Thecontractor’sprojectmanager,Mr.Bian,andhisassistant,Mr.Zhang,attendthemeeting.)Bian:Haveyoureadtheletterwhichwesentyouyesterday?Suk:Yes,we’reheretodayjusttogiveourpositiononthesubjectnotedinyourletter.Bian:We’dliketohaveyourview.Suk:Webelievethattheaccessroadprovidedtoyouisincompliancewiththecontractandthereisnoreasonforyoutoclaimadditionalcostsandanextentionoftimeinthisrespect.Bian:MayIreferyoutoclause14intheconditionsofcontrat?Itspecifies,expressly,thattheaccessroadshallbemadeavailablefreeofchargetothecontratoranditssubcontractors.Suk:Yes,that’sright.ButconstructionoftheaccessroadtotheprojectsitewascompletedandyoulookitoveronMarch15,1992.Thismeansthatithasbeenavailabletoyoueversince.Zhang:Beforewetakeovertheroad,weinformedyouthatsomesectionsoftheroadwerenotuptothestandardspecifiedinthecontract.Weaskedyoutodosomethingandyetwehaven’tseenanyresponse.Asaresult,wehavehadtoexpendalotofefforttoaidthetransitbulkcementandheavy-dutyequipmentthroughthetroublespotsalongtheacessroad.Therefore,wedon’tthinkthataccessroadismade“available”freeofchargetous,astheaidoftransitcostusnotonlyadditionalmoneybutalsoworkinghouse.ThispositionwasmadecleartoyouinourletterNo.c-9214.Shaw:Inourunderstanding,theintentofthecontractbyusingtheterm“available”,isthattheownerprovidesgeneralsiteaccessforthecontractor.Asamatteroffact,youhavebeenusingthisroadforseveralmonths.Bian:Whenwetalkoftheterm“available”underthiscontract,andsofarassuchahydroprojectisconcerned,itshouldbeinterpretedthattheroadispassableforthepurposeofexecutionthisprojectundernormalconditions,includingtransportofallmaterialsandheavy-dutyequipments.That’srecognizedinternationally.Thefactisthatthevehicleswhichcarrycementandequipmentsarealwaysimpededatsomespotsalongtheroad,asMr.Zhangsaidjustnow.Suk:Weareawareoftheeffortandtimeyouhaveexpended.However,theeffortandtimeincurredarenotunusualforaprojectofthissize,natureandlocation.Anyway,wearepreparedtograntyouanextentionof7daysasapackagecompensationbutrejectyoucostrequest.Thisisthebestsolutionwecanoffer.Bian:Althougha7day’scompensationislessthanouractuallosses,weacceptyoursolutionandwithdrawourcostclaimonconditionthattheroadmustbemaintainedregularlyandthetwodifficultsectionsbeprepariedatonce.Suk:ThatisHillNo.4andNo.5,Isuppose?Zhang:That’sright.Suk:<AfterdiscussionwithMr.Shaw>Allright.Wewillimprovetheconditionofthewholeroadandlowertherelevantelevationsasperyourrequestassoonaspossible.2.cliaminrequestofflood(Afterlettersandseverallengthydiscussionsrelatedtotheclaimforfloodswhichoccouredrecently,noagreementhasbeenreachedbetweenthesitemanagementoftheOwmerandthatofthecontractor.Asarranged,theownerandthecotractorsendtheirrespectivevicepresidents,Mr.Guan,andMr.Flagg,totheprojecttoengageinadirectnegociation,totrytoresolvetheissue.)Flagg:IthasbeenalmostayearsinceIsawyoulastinBeijing,Mr.Guan.Howhaveyoubeen?Guan:Pretybusy.Ourcompanyhaswonmanycontractsallovertheworldinthepast6yearandIhavebeenflyingaroundtoseehowtheprojectsareprogressing.WhataboutyouMr.Flagg.Flagg:Busy,justlikeyou.YetIhavebeenthinkingofgoingtoBeijingagain.ImissBeijingRoastDuck.Ok,comingtooursubjecttoday,Ihopewecanworktogethertofindasolutionthatisacceptabletobothsides.Guan:ThatisexactlythatIthink.Flagg:Iagreethatyouhavegonethroughmanydifficutytomakethisprojectgosmoothly.Personally,Iappreciateyoureffort.Guan:Tobefrankwithyou,wearewearequiteupsetbyyourresponse.WearereallysufferedalotbecauseoftwofloodsexperiencedonJune12thand24th–asyoucanseefromourcontemporaryrecordsandclaimcaculations.Iamafraidthatifourclaimcann’tbehonoured,itwillprobablyjeopardizethesmoothprogressofthisproject.Flagg:IhadstudiedallthecorrespondenceregardingyourrequestforcostreimbursementandscheduleextensionbeforeIcamehere.Itisafactthatyousufferedalossbecauseofthehighwaterlevel.Itisalsoafactthatthelossispartlyduetoyourinappropriatesiteacctivities.Iregardwhathappened.However,youareaskingtoomuch.Guan:Idon’tthinkthatourrequestforthecostandtimereimbursementisareasonableone.Anyway,whatisyoursuggestion?Flagg:Letmetalkstraight.Weallowyoutwo-monthscheduleextentionandatotalsumofUS100,000ascompensationforallyourlosses.Thisproposalrepresentsourfinaloffer.Ibelieveitisfairandequitable.Guan:Thankyouforyourproposal,Mr.Flagg.Atwo-monthscheduleextensionisacceptabletous;butthecostcompensationisfarlessthantheamountclaimed,whichisbesedstrictlyonouractualyonyouractualloss.Flagg:Mr.Guan,Ihavetosaywehavedoneourbest.Tosettlethisclaim,bothsideshavetomakeconcessions.Guan:Iadmitthatyouhavemovedastepforwardbuttoosmall.Wehavebeenhopingtohaveagoodworkingrelationshipwithyou.Wehavebeenhopingtodeliverasuccessfulprojecttoyou.Wealsohopetoberewardedfairlyandreasinably.Wecould,ifnecessary,pursusthisclaimbythewayofarbitration.Flagg:Well,letmesuggestatthispointthatweincresethecompensationtous150,000.Thisproposalreallydoserepresentourfinaloffer.Iftheofferisnotacceptabletoyou,wehavenochoicebuttoreferthemattertoarbitration.Guan:Inthespiritofmutualunderstandingandourfuturecooperation,we’lltakeit,thoughthisamountisfarfromenoughtocoverourlosses.Flagg:Isupportyoucallformutualunderstandingandourfuturecooperation.I‘lldrafttoday’sagreementasanaddendumtothecontractandforwardittoyouforyourreviewandsignature.Guan:Thankyou.Yourpersonalpresenceenabledustosettlethismatter.Yourcooperationishighlyappreciated.Flagg:With14moremonthsavailable,Ibelieveyouhavethecompetencetocompletethewholeprojectsuccessfully.Guan:Ialsohavefullconfidencethatwe’llsucceed,withyourcooperationandassistance.Atthattime,IwillinviteyoutogotoBeijingagain.Flagg:Forwhat?Guan:BeijingRoastDuck!WORDANDEXPRESSIONSInternationalconstractioncontract国际建筑工程承包Makeclaimagainst进行索赔Averietyof各色各样的Differentsitecondition不一样的现场情况Eventsofforcemajeure埠可抗事件Callameeting召开会议Position立场incompliancewith依照inthisrespect在这方面expressly明确地eversince从那以后benotuptothestandard没有达到标准aidthetransit协助运输inourunderstanding按照我们的理解passable可通行的undernormalcondition在正常条件下impede阻碍coverallourloss弥补损失onconditionthat以…为条件maintainregularly定期维护lengthydiscussion长期的谈判vice-president副主席engageinadirectnegotiation进行直接的谈判resolvetheissue解决问题BeijingRoastDuck北京烤鸭Gothroughmanydifficulties克服许多的困难Beupset感到沮丧Con-temporaryrecords同期记录Claimcaculation索赔金额Correspondence来往信函costreimbursemnet成本补偿theamountclaimed索赔金额actualloss实际损失bywayofarbitration以仲裁的方式inthespiritof本着…的精神addendumtothecontract合同附属条款havefullconfidence完全有信心Notestothetext1.thesubjectnotedinyourletter:你信件中所提到的问题，subject在合同中往往指“主体”或“涉及的主要内容”。2.troublespots：容易出事的点。3.thatisrecognizedinternationally：这为国际上所公认，recognize指“认可”或“达成共识”。4.anyway,wearepreparedtograntyouanextensionof7days…尽管如此，我们给溺天的延期，bepreparedtodo表示“愿意做某事”或“准备好做某事”。5.apackagecompensation：一揽子补偿。6.letustalkstraight：有话直接说出来。7.…butthecompensationisfarlesthantheamountclaimed…这笔补偿远低于我们索赔的金额，farlesthan远低于的意思，fartoobusy忙得很。8.moveastepforward：向前迈出一步，意识是说作出了一定的让步。9.pursustheclaim：进行索赔，pursun在这里的意思是“实施”的意思。10.iftheofferisnotacceptabletoyou,wehavenochoicebubywayofarbitration：如果这个建议你不接受的话，我们只好将问题提交仲裁。11.…thoughthisamountisfarfromenoughtocoverourlosses…：虽然这笔金额远不能弥补我们的损失，farfrom表示“某事与期望或本应该出现的状态相反或落差很大”。EXERCISES1.Intheargumentofwhethertheaccessroadhasbeenmadeavailableornot,Mr.Zhangsays,”theerefore,wedon’tthinkthattheaccessroadisavalaible.”(因而进场道路不能被使用。)wedon’tthinkthat…isacolloquialexpression,meaning:我们认为…不/没有…Now,youcantrydoingthefollowings:⑴A：Wehavemade10%deductionfromthetotalamountastherepaymentoftheadvancemoneythismonth.B：Wedon’tthinkyouhavetherighttodoso.⑵A：Ihavetosaythatyoumustacceleratetheconstructionprogress.B：Wedon’tthinkthatourprogressisbehindschedule,takingintoaccountareasonableextensionoftimeyoushouldgrantusaccordingtothecontract.如果考虑到你们按照合同应该给予我们的合同延期，我们认为我们的进度没有落后与计划。⑶A：Weplantopourtheconcretethisafternoon.B：Wedon’tthinkthatyoucandothatwhenthetempretureissohigh.我们认为在这样的高温条件下不能浇注混凝土。2.Alsoinargument,Mr.Shawsays,“…asamatteroffact,you’vebeenusingthisaccessroadforseveralmonth.”事实上，你们已经使用这条通道好几个月了。“asamatteroffact”isasetphraseusuallyusedtointroducesomeinformation,meaning:infact.Now,youcantrydoingthefollowings:⑴A：Idon’tremenberwhetherIhaveissuedsuchanoralinstruction.B：Youissuedthisinstructionlastweek,ifIremenbercorrectly.Asamatteroffact,itwasissuedonJuly21st;hereisoursitediary.如果我们没有记错的话，你是上周签发这个指令的。事实上，该签发日期是在7月21日，那天是我们的现场日记。⑵A：Youshouldhavestartedthework5daysago.B：Wecouldn’tstartwithouttheworkingdrawing,Asamatteroffact,wehavejustreceivethereleventdrawingfromyourengineeryesterday.我们无法在没有施工图纸的情况下进行作业，事实上，我们也就在昨天才受到你们工程师的图纸。⑶A：Doyoumindwemakeasitevisittomorrow?B：Notatall.Asamatteroffact,Iamquitesatisfiedwiththisarrangement.背景和指南BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS施工索赔constructionclaim是国际工程承包过程中经常发生的现象。由于文化上的不同cultureifference,各国的承包商对索赔的理解和处理存在一定的差异。但是，成功的承包商非常重视工程的索赔事项。合同是工程索赔的主要依据，它明确或间接地expresslyandimpliedly规定了承包商在任何情况下进行索赔的权利和索赔的程序。因此，认真研究和掌握索赔的程序和技巧，认真管理来往信函和现场资料和进行成功索赔的基础。索赔谈判是索赔成功的关键且艰难的过程criticalanddifficult.要求谈判人员具备教高专业素质，不仅仅要懂合同，更要懂技术，了解施工过程和熟悉合同文本，而且还要善于谈判，具备忍耐性，既能坚持原则，又能作出灵活的让步。UNIT16FORMINGAJOINTVENTUREIntheinternationalcontractingmarket,itisnotunusualfortwoormorecompaniestoformajointventuretobidforamajorproject,asthiswillenablethemtobemorecompetitiveand,therefore,haveahighchanceofwinningthecontractandlaterexecutingitsuccessful-ly.1.AProposalforaJointVenture(Afterhehasmadeavisittotheprojectsite,Mr.Daly,Presidentofalocalconstructioncompany,discusseswithMr.Bianthepossibilityofformingajointventuretobidforan-otherproject.)Daly：Iamgreatlyimpressedbythisproject.Everythingissowellorganized.Bian：Thankyouforyourkindwords.Daly：Howsoonwillthewholeprojectbecompleted,Mr.Bian?Itseemstomethatit'scomingtothefinalstage.Bian：ThesubstantialcompletionWilltakesixmoremonthsatmost.Doyouhaveany-thingparticularinmind?Daly：Iwaswonderingwhetheritwould-bepossibleforustoformajointventuretobidfor---Bian：FortheMorpanPowerProject?Daly：Youtookthewordsoutofmymouth,Mr.Bian！HOWdidyouknow?Bian：We'reaninternationalcontractor,youknow.Wealwayskeepoureyesopenfornewbusinessopportunities.Daly：ThisprojectisfinancedbytheInter-AmericanDevelopmentBank.Ifinternationalbiddersformjointventureswithdomesticcompanies,theywillbeeligiblefora7.5%marginofpreferenceinthecomparisonoftheirbidswiththoseofotherbidders.Bian：You'vegotagoodpointthere.Iliketheidea,butcanIhaveadetaileddocumen-taryintroductiontoyourcompany?Ihavetoreporttoourheadofficeforap-proval.Daly：Ofcourse.I'llhaveitsenttoyoutomorrow.Weshouldgettoknoweachotherbetterifwewanttobeworkingpartners.IknowfromE.N.Rthatyou'reoneofthetop225contractorsintheworldwithagoodreputation..We'renotoneofthose,butIthinkwe'reoneofthebestaswell.Bian：OK,Mr.Daly.Assoonasthisplanisapprovedbyourheadoffice,I'llletyouknowandwecanhavefurtherdiscussionsaboutourpossiblecooperation.Daly：Thankyou.I'mlookingforwardtoyourpositiveresponse.2.NegotiationonaJointVentureAgreement(Aftergettingconfirmationfromtheheadoffice,Mr.BianinvitesMr.Dalyagainforaspecificdiscussiononajointventureagreement.)Bian：Now,Mr.Daly,weweretalkinglasttimeaboutyourideaonformingajointventurefortheMorpanProject.OurheadofficeagreestoyourproposalandIamauthorizedtodiscussit.Daly：That'sverygoodnews,Mr.Bian.Doyouhavesomethingspecificinmind?Bian：First,wehavetomakeclearourpurposeinthiscooperation.Thatis,bothsidesagreetojointlyprepareandsubmitabidfortheMorpanProject.Daly：Howmuchfundwouldyoubepreparedtoprovideforthispurpose?Bian：Arethereanyregulationsregardingtheforeignparty'sshareinajointventureinthiscountry?Daly：No,notreally,butasageneralpractice,theleadingcompanyshallbetheonewhichprovidesthemostfund.Bian：We'dliketoactastheleaderofthejointventureandlayoutmorethanhalfofalltherequiredfuldforit,say，55%.Daly：Thatincludescash,constructionequipmentandothertemporaryfacilities,ifIun-derstandcorrectly,Mr.Bian?Bian：Ofcourse.Daly：IsupposeyouwillprovidetheequipmentandfacilitiesusedonyourMacalPro-ject..HowdowearriveatthetruevalueOfthem?Bian：That'saverygoodquestion.Wecouldascertainsuchvaluesthroughjointassess-ment.Inordertohaveanimpartialassessment,wemightalsoinviteathirdpartytoattend,ifnecessary.Daly：That'sgood.So,weWillprovide45%ofthefund.IthinkIshouldbefrankwithyou..Wecanprovidethefundinlocalcurrencyonly,aswedon'thaveforeigncur-rencies.Bian：Accordingly,youwillsharetheprofit,ifany,inlocalcurrencyonly,too.TheexchangerateforcurrencyconversionwillbethesameasstatedintheOwner'sbiddingdocuments.Daly：Iagree.Alltheprofits,lossesandliabilitiesarisingoutoftheContractshallbesharedoutbetweenusinthesameproportionasourrespectivefundcontribu-tions.Bian：That'sthebasisofouragreement.Daly：Howaboutthemanagementofthejointventure？Bian：IamthinkingofestablishingtheJointVentureExecutiveCommitteeasthehigh-estauthoritytodecideonthegeneralpolicyandtodealwithsuchimportantmat-tersastheappointmentofthegeneralsitemanagerandapprovalofthefinancialstatements.Daly：WhatabouttheappointmentoftheChairmantheCommittee?Bian：It'ssensibletosaythattheChairmanshallbeappointedbytheleadingcompany．Daly：Whatarethegeneralresponsibilitiesofeachpartyduringtheexecutionofthepro-jectifwewinthecontract?Bian：Ihaven’tthoughtofthat．Consideringyouarealocalcompanywithgoodconnec-一tions，1wouldsuggestthatyouareresponsibleforrecruitingandadministeringthelocallabouranddealingwiththerelevantdepartmentsinexternalaffairs．Daly：Notonlythat，ifweareinchargeofpurchasingthematerialsandequipment，Iamsurewewilldoagoodjob，too．Weknowthemarketwell．Bian：Whynotleavethistoournexttalk，Mr.Daly?Daly：Allright．Idosaythatwe'vehadanextremelyfruitfuldiscussiontoday．Bian：Yes，weknoweachother’spositionandhaveagreedonanumberofpoints．Couldwemeetagain，Mr．Daly，todiscussotheraspectsforourjointventureagree—mentnextweek?I'dliketohaveavisittoyourcompany,ifpossible.Daly：That’swhatIamthinking．Let'shaveournextdiscussioninmycompanysothatyoucouldgainabetterunderstandingofitatthesametime．1willcallyoutoconfirmthedateforourdiscussion．Bian：Agoodidea．Thankyou．WORDSANDEXPRESSIONScontractingmarket承包市场formajointventure组成联营体majorproject大型项目competitive有竞争力的haveahighchance有很大的机会cometothefinalstage到了最后阶段theInter-AmericanDevelopmentBank泛美开发银行domesticcompanies国内公司beeligiblefor有资格享有adetaileddocumentaryintroduction详细的经营情况的介绍headoffice总部thetop250contractors前二百五十家大承包商positiveresponse积极的反应jointventureagreement联营体协议authorize授权foreignparty外方shareinajointventure在联营体中所占的份额generalpractice一般做法theleadingcompany牵头公司，负责公司layout出资arriveatthetruevalue计算实际价值ascertain确定impartialassessment公正的估价foreigncurrency外币sharetheprofit分享exchangerate汇率，兑换率currencyconversion货币兑换biddingdocuments招标文件liabilities负债shareout分担，均摊fundcontributions资金份额JointVentureExecutiveCommittee联营体执行委员会thehighestauthority最高权力机构generalsitemanager现场总经理financialstatement财务报表ChairmanoftheCommittee委员会主席goodconnection良好的对外关系,门路多externaffairs对外事务anextremelyfruitfuldiscussionj及富有成果的商谈agreeon就…达成一致意见gainabetterunderstanding获得更好的了解NOTESTOTHETEXT1.I’mgreatlyimpressedbythisprojeat．：这个项目真是给我留下了很深的印象。这句话口语中也可说This'sprojectissoimpressive．impressive构成的另一句型whatimpressedmemostisthat…(使我印象最深的是…)也在口语中很常用。2.Howsoonwillthisprojectbecompleted，Mr．Bian?：这个项目完成还需要多久?howsoon通常表示的是“某事多快能够怎么样”或“做某事还需多长时间”，how1ong则表示“做某事共需多少时间”，请注意两者的区别。例如：Howsoonwillyoufinishconstructingthishighway？(你们完成修建这条公路还要多久?)Howlongdidittakeyoutoconstructthishighway?(修建这条公路你们需要多长时间?)3.Doyouhaveanythingparticularinmind?：您起否有点什么个人想法?注意这一句与下面的Doyouhavesomethingspecificinmind?在语气上的细微差别。4.Youtookthewordsoutofmymouth．：你说出了我正要说的话(或：你说的真准。)takethewordsoutofone’smouth是一固定词组，意思是“抢先说出了某人的话”。5.Wealwayskeepoureyesopenfornewbusinessopportunities．：我们始终注视着新的业务机会。keepone'seyesopenfor意思是“注意…”，“小心…”。6.ThisDrojectisfinancedbytheInter-AmericanDevelopmentBank．：这个项目由泛美开发银行提供贷款。befinancedby意思是“由…资助”或“由…贷款”，如：projectsfi-nancedbytheWorldBank(世界银行贷款项目)。7.a7.5％marginofpreference：百分之七点五的优惠preference在这里是“优先权”的意思。8.E．N．R：《工程新闻记录》这是美国的一份杂志，它每年按合同额(1994年后改为营业额)评选出世界上最大的二百余家承包商和二百家工程咨询公司。E.N.R是EngineeringNewsRecord的缩写形式。9.eauipmentandfacilitiesusedonyourMacalProject：从你方的玛卡尔项目下场的设备和设施10.It'ssensibletosay…：我看这样是合理的sensible这里是“合理的”，“可行的”，相当于reasonable或practical。EXERCISES1.WhenMr．BianasksMr．Dalyifhehasanythingparticularinmind，hereplies，“1waswonderingwhetheritwouldbepossibleforustoformajointventuretobidfortheMorpanPowerProject．”(我刚才在想我们是否有可能组成一个联营体共同为莫潘电力项目投标。“Iwonderwhether(if)…”isaverycolloquialexpressionwhenyouwant·tomakeapoliterequest，meaning“我想知道…是否…”Now，youtrydoingthefollowing：1)A：我想知道你们是否能在下个月上旬装船。(Iwonderifyoucouldeffecttheshipmentearlynextmonth)-B：Noproblem．2)A：我想知道我们是否能将会议推迟到周五。(IwonderwhetherwecouldpostponethemeetingtoFriday．)B：Iamafraidwecbuldn't.I’llhavesomethingimportanttodoonFriday．3)A：我想知道在主发电机发生故障时，应急发电机是否能自动启动。(1wonderwhethertheemergencygeneratorcouldstartautomaticallyincasethemaingeneratorbreaksdown.)B：Yes，within30secondsafterthetroubleoccurs．2．WhenMr．DalytellsMr．Bianthatinternationalcontractorwillbeeligiblefor7.5％marginofpreferenceinthecomparisonofthebidsiftheyformjointventureswithdo-mesticcontractors，．Mr．Biansays，“You'vegotaverygoodpointthere.”(你说的话很有道理。)Thissentence“You'vegotaverygoodpoint．“isoftenusedwhenyouacceptthatwhatsomeonehassaidisimportantorshouldbeconsidered．Now'youtrydoingthefollowing：1)A：We'dbetterstopworkingandwaitfortheinstruction．B：你说的很对，这样干下去只能导致更大损失。(You'vegotagoodpoint．Itwouldonlyincurgreaterlossesifwewentonlikethis.)2)A：Iftheconstructionmethodischangedalittlebit,theworkcanbefinishedsooneratthesamecost.B：你的话很有道理。你能为我们做这项工作吗?(You'vegotagoodpointthere．Couldyoudoitforus?)3)A：Toguaranteeafairvaluationoftheequipment，wecanaskathirdpartytodoitforus.B：你说的很对。但第三方的选择要经我们双方认可。(You’vgotagoodpoint．Butthethirdpartyselectedshallbeacceptabletobothsides.)BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS(背景与指南)在国际工程承包中，一些工程公司往往与其它公司组成联营体去进行联合投标和承包工程。这一方面是因为某些招标的项目规模大或技术复杂(1argescaleortechnicalcomplexity)，加之市场竞争日趋激烈(keencompetition),这些公司希望通过联合来发挥各自的特长(specialties)，以提高竞争力。另一方面是因为工程实施所在国政府(governmentofhostcountry)以及国际金融机构(InternationalFinancialInstitution)为鼓励当地承包商参加投标和承建工程，发展当地经济，对于其贷款的项目，常给予当地承包商以及当地承包商与外国公司组成的联营体许多优惠。承包联营体由两个或多个公司组成，并由成员选出牵头公司(1eadingcompanyorsponsor)。牵头公司一般由联营体中承担股份额(share)最大的公司担任,但有时也有成员中最有管理经验的成员或与业主有密切关系的成员担任。联营体的最高权力机构是联营体执行委员会(JointVentureExecutiveCommittee)或联营体管理委员会(JointVentureManagementCommittee)，由联营体成员各派一位代表组成。委员会主席一般由牵头公司任命，代表联营体与业主联系，讨论决定项目的重大问题(majorissues)。为了参加资格预审或投标，联营体须编制联营体协议书(JointVentureAgreement)，作为资格预审或投标文件的一部分提交给业主，供其审查。此类协议书一般包括：联营体名称，成员及牵头方；联营的方式；各成员承担的施工任务与责任等。在中标后，联营体内部依据此协议书再签订一个联营体合同，详细规定每个成员的权利，义务与责任(rights，obligationsandresponsibilities)。UNIT17TAKINGOVERTHEWORKSTakingovertheWorksisanimportantstepintheexecutionoftheprojecttoboththeContrac-torandtheOwner.AsoftenstipulatedintheContract,oncetheWorksreachsubstantialcom-pletion,theContractorcanproceedtoprepareforthetransferringoftheWorksbygivinganoticetotheOwner,andthetaking-overprocedurestarts.1.TheWorksarereadytobetakenover(AttheOwner'ssiteoffice,Mr.Sukhnandan'ssecretary，MissJenners,isreadingaletterfromthecontractortoMr.SukhnandanandMr.Shaw.)Jenners：(Reading)…WearepleasedtoinformyouthatthewholeWorkshave,inouropinion,reachedsubstantialcompletionundertheContract.Nodoubtyouwillwishtovisitthesitetosatisfyyourselfthisissoandtoarrangetherelevanttests.WelookforwardtoreceivingaTaking-overCertificatenamingthedateuponwhichsubstantialcompletionisachieved….Sukh：That'sverygoodnews.Whydon'tweaskMr.Biantocometoourofficeforadetailedtalkaboutaplanfortheacceptanceinspectionandtests?Shaw：Yes,weneedacarefulplanforthisjob.Sukh：PutmethroughtoMr.Bian,please,MissJenners;Iwanttohavea.meetingwithhim,thisafternoon.Jenners：Certainly,Mr.Sukhnandan.(Aftermakingthecall)Mr.Bianisnotinhisof-ficeatthemoment.Heisatthepowerhouse.Ihaveleftamessageaskinghimtocallyoubackassoonashereturnstofiisoffice.Sukh：Fine,thankyou.(Mr.Bian,togetherwithMr.Zhang,isnowatameetinginMr.Sukhnanddn'sofficeintheafternoon.)Sukh：IampleasedtolearnthattheWorksarereadyforacceptance，Mr.Bian.Bian：Wehavefinishedtheinstallationofthethirdgeneratingunit,whichisthelastone.WebelievethatthewholeWorkshavebeensubstantiallycompleted.Sukh：So,it'stimetomakeaplanfortakingovertheWorks.Zhang:Wehavebroughtaplanwithus.ItincludesatimetableforallthepartsoftheWorkstobeinspectedandtested.Hereitis.Sukh：Thankyou.Let'sseewhatyouhaveinthisplan：atimetableforthetaking-overprocedure,as-builtdrawingsandalistofallthepartstobeinspectedandtest-ed.Shaw：WealsoneedthetechnicalinformationaboutalltheequipmentandinstrumentsinstalledintheWorks,includingtheoperationandmaintenancemanuals.Sukh：Yes,andtheWorkscan'tbedeemedtobesubstantiallycompleteduntilyouhavepresentedthemtous.Zhang：Allthesedocumentsarereadyforyou.Shaw：IsthereanyWorkwhichyouthinkisstilloutstanding?Bian：Yes,.buttheyareminoritems,likesurfacereinstating,etc.Sukh.：Myideaisthatthetaking-overprocesswillbedividedintotwophases：First,ourexpertpanel,accompaniedbyyourtechnicalstaff,willinspectthecomplet-edWorksandseeiftheyaresatisfactory.Ifeverythingisallright,we'llenterintothesecondphase,thatistocarryouttheperformancetestsoftheequip-mentandinstrumentsasspecifiedintheContract.Bian：Iagree.Shaw：Haveyoupreparedtheformsforrecordingtheinspectionandtestresults？Zhang：NotYet.Theywillbefinishedbytomorrow;thenI'llcomeoverandshowthemtoyou.Sukh：Whendoyouwanttostarttheprocess?Bian：Assoonasyoucan.Sukh：Giveusthreedays.We'llhavetomakesomepreparations.Bian：Thatmeanstheacceptanceinspectionwillstarton19thofthismonth.Sukh：That'sright.2.wecan'tagreewithyouonthedate(Thewholeacceptanceproceduregoessmoothlyandlasts5days.Now,Mr.SukhnandanandMr.Bian,togetherwiththeirrespectivetechnicalstaff,arehavingadiscussionaboutthecompletionreportandthetaking-overcertificate.)Sukh：Gentlemen,I'mgladtosaythatthewholeWorkshavepassedallthetestsandourengineersarequitesatisfiedwiththetestresults.However,afewminorde-fectshavebeenfoundandthere'sstillsomeoutstandingwork.Whatdoyousayaboutthoseitems,Mr.Bian?Bian：Itistruethatafewminordefectsremaintoberectifiedandsomeitemsofworktobecompleted,buttheydonotaffectthenormaloperationofthewholeWorks,asyoucanseefromallthefunctioningtests.Thismeans,accordingtothecontract,thatsubstantialcompletionhasbeenachievedandthatweshouldreceiveataking-overcertificatefromyou.Sukh：:Wecanissueataking-overcertificatetoyouprovidedthatyougiveusawrittenundertakingthatyouwillfinishtheoutstandingworkandmakinggoodthede-fectswithdueexpeditionduringtheMaintenancePeriod.Bian：Noproblem．Sukh：Inthatcase，wecanacknowledgethattheWorksweresubstantiallycompletedonNovember6th，1994．Bian：IamafraidIcan'tagreewithyouthere，asyouwerenotifiedthattheWorkswerereadyforyouracceptancebyOctober16thandbothsideshadagreedthatthisjobwouldstarton19thofthatmonth。Forsomereasononyourpart，youwerenotabletostarttheacceptanceinspectionandtestsuntilNovember1st．WeholdittobefairandreasonablethatthesubstantialcompletiondateshouldbeOctober24th.Sukh：Theactivitywaspostponedbecausetheelectricalengineerinourexpertpanelwassickandcoudn'tbepresentatthattime．Ithinkthisreasonisexcusable．Zhang：Weunderstandthatsituation．However，bothsidesshouldattendtheinspectionandtestsontheagreeddate，asspecified，inSubclause45.2oftheConditionsoftheContract．Bian：Yourdelayedpresenceattheinspectionhasoccasionedquitesomelosstous.IfyouinsistthatthesubstantialcompletiondateshouldbeNovember6th，1994，thenwewillhavetofileaclaimforcostreimbursementandanextensionoftimeinthisrespect．Sukh：A11right，we'llamendthedatetoOctober24thintheacceptancereport．Zhang：Andputthisdateinthetaking-overcertificate,too.Sukh：Certainly．Bian：MayIremindyouthatitisalsotimetoreleasethefirsthalfoftheretentionmoneytous?Sukh：Iwillarrangeforitsreleasesoon．Bian：Mr.Sukhnandan,Iamthinkingofapplyingforanexcellentexecutioncertificateforthisproject．Sukh：Thisisreallyanexcellentproject．Youdeservesuchacertificate．You’llgetone.NowthatthewholeWorkshavebeenaccepted，myadviceisthatit'salsotimeforyoutohavesomerelaxation．You'vebeenworkingsohardforthelast3years.Zhang：Westillhaveonethingmoretodo．Sukh：Whatisit?ZhangI：Toaskyouforthebonusforourearlycompletion．Shaw：(Jokingly)Mr.Sukhnandanwasthinking，atthebeginningofthisproject，ofimposingtheliquidateddamagesuponyou．Sukh：IdidthinkofthatWhenIsawtheslowprogressatthebegnining．ButnowthatyouhaveshownusyourcompetencebycompletingtheWorksaheadofthecom-pletiontime，youareentitledtothebonus．Iwouldsuggestthatyousendyourbudgetengineer，toworkthisoutwithMr.Shawsometimethisweek．ThenIwillcertifythepaymenttoyou．Doesthissounda11rightwithyou?Bian：Fine.Iexpecttoreceivethetwocertificatesandthebonusfromyousoon。WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSsatisfyoneself查清楚，弄明白acceptaneeinspectionandtest接收检验与试验leaveamessage留口信儿generatingunit发电机组timetable时间表taking-overprocedure移交程序，验收程序as-builtdrawing竣工图纸minoritems细小项目,不重要的工作项surfacereinstating地表面恢复原状expertpannel专家组accompany陪同，伴随carryoutperformancetests进行性能试验makesomepreparations做准备completionreport竣工报告passallthetests通过全部试验rectify修正normaloperation正常运行functioningtests功能试验，运行试验writtenundertaking书面保证，书面承诺makinggoodthedefects修复缺陷withdueexpedition从速、迅速acknowledge认可，回函说明electricalengineer电气工程师excusable可原谅的0ntheagreeddate在商定的日期inthisrespect在这方面amend修正，改正excellentexecutioncertificate优质竣土证书havesomerelaxation放松一些forthelastthreeyears在过去的三年里bonusforourearlycompletion提前竣工奖atthebeginningoftheproject在项目开始imposetheliquidateddamages征收拖期损害赔偿费budgetengineer预算工程师NOTESTOTHETEXT1．reachsubstantialcompletion：达到实质性竣工，达到基本竣工,这是在土木工程施工管理中的用语，在房建工程中，常用practicalcompletion表示“基本竣工”或“实质性竣工”。2．NodoubtyouwishtoVisitthesite…：你们肯定希望对现场进行考察…nodoubt是固定词组，意思是“无疑地”或“很可能”，与doubt组成的常用词组还有：beyonddoubt(毫无疑问地)，indoubt(有疑问)，withoutdoubt(无疑地)。3．we'llenterintothesecondphase：我们将进人第二阶段与enterinto这个词组搭配的短语很多，如：enterintoanagreement(订立协议)，enterintoacontract(签订合同)，enterintonegotiations(开始谈判)，enterintobusiness(开始经商)，enterintodetails(进入细节)，enterintodiscussions(开始讨论)。4．Whatdoyousayaboutthoseitems，MrZBian?：这些缺陷和工作你看怎么办?Whatdoyousayabout…?是在询问别人的看法时常用的句型。5．forsomereasononyourpart：由于你方的原因onone'spart意思是“就…而言”或“在…一方”，如：defaultonthecontractor'spart(承包商一方的违约)，keeptheagreementonourpart(我方遵守协议)。6．WeholdittobefairandreasonablethatthesubstantialcompletiondateshouldbeOctober24th．：我们认为基本竣工日期定为十月二十四号才是公平合理的。hold这里有“认为”的意思。句中的it指代的是后面的that从句。7．Yourdelayedpresencehasoccasionedquitesomelosstous．：你方的拖延参加使我们蒙受了不小损失。句中的occasion这里用作及物动词，意思是“引起”。8．Ifyouinsistthat…：如果你方坚持…这句话的口气很强，使用时请注意。9．releasethefirsthalfoftheretentionmoney：退还第一半保留金。在某些法律和合同文件中，尤其在建筑工程施工合同中还常用moiety来表示“一半”。EXERCISES1．WhenMr．SukhnandangetstoknowthattheWorkshavebeencompletedandreadytobetakenover，hesaystoMr．Bian，“I’mpleasedtolearnthattheWorksarereadyforacceptance．”(我很高兴得知工程已经完成等待验收。)“I’mpleasedtolearn---”isaveryusefulexpressionusedtoindicatethatyouarepleasedwhenyoufindoutaboutsomethingpleasant，meaning“我很高兴地得知…”。Nowyoutrydoingthefollowing：1)A：我很高兴地得知工程通过了全部竣工试验。(I’mverypleasedtolearnthattheWorkshavepassedallthecompletiontests.)B：Really?That'sgreat．2)A：得知我们公司中标，大家都很高兴。(Everyoneisverypleasedtolearnthatourcompanyhaswonthecontract．)B：Ofcoursetheyare．Theyhavebeenlongingtoworkinthatregionforalongtime．3)A：TheOwnerhasagreedtoreleasethesecondhaIfoftheretentionmoneyifwepresentabankguarantee.B：听到这个消息，我很高兴。I’mpleasedtolearnofthegoodnews.2.WhenMr.Shawsaysthattheyneedthetechnicalinformationforthetaking-overprocedure,Mr．sukhnandanadds，“Yes，andtheworkscan'tbedeemedtobesubstantiallycompleteduntilyouhavepresentedthemtous.”(说得对，在你方向我们呈交这些资料之前，不能认为工程已实质性竣工。)“bedeemedtobe(do)”isaformalexpression，oftenusedintheadministrationofcontracttoindicatethatsomethingisconsideredtobethecase，meaning“被认为…”。Now，youtrydoingthefollowing：1)A：Idon’tthinkthatIhaveissuedsuchaninstruction．B：这个指示是你的代表五月八号口头发出的，我们曾经写信要求你方对其作书面确认，至今未收到回答，因而，按照合同应认为这亦属于你发出的指示。（YourrepresentativegaveusthisinstructionorallyonMay8th．Wethenwroteyoualetter，askingyoutoconfirmit，butwehaven'tgotareplyyet．ThereforeitshallbedeemedtobeaninstructionofyoursaccordingtotheContract。)2)A：weshallclaimanadditidnalamountifyouaskustodothisjob．B：这项工作被认为已包括在合同价格中，你们无权获得附加付款。(ThisitemofworkisdeemedtohavebeenincludedintheContractPriceandyou'renotentitledtoanadditionalpayment.3)A：Thegeologicconditionswe’veencountedarenotinconformitywiththosegiveninthebiddingdocuments.Thisshoulebelongtowhatisnotforeseeablebyanexperiencedcontractor.B：但合同文件中明确规定，承包商在投标之前应被认为已清楚地了解了现场的性质以及地表以下条件。（Butasexpressedspecifiedinthecontractdocuments,thecontractorshallbedeemedtohavesatisfiedhimselfastothenatureofthesiteandthesub-faceconditions）背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS)在工程达到实质性竣工（substantialcompletion）或基本竣工（practicalcompletion）时，组织工程的验收对承包商来说是十分重要的一项工作，因为工程一旦移交给业主，工程的照管责任（responsibilityforthecareoftheworks）即从承包商转到业主一方，承包商并且能获得相应的权益（rightsandbenefits）。由于每一工程的性质(natureoftheworks)与所签订的合同类型(typeofcontract)不尽相同，工程的移交程序也有差异，但其程序大致如下：（1）承包商通知业主工程已达到实质性竣工，并按业主要求提交一份移交计划(planfortakingovertheworks)。计划中应包括：要求业主进行检查与试验的时间表(timetable)；竣工时应提交业主的各类资料；未完成的扫尾工作(outstandingwork)等；(2)制定记录验收检查与试验结果的各种表格(recordingforms)；(3)起草验收报告(completionreport)。这一报告应是对工程项目的公正的评价(fairevalu-ation)，在其中说明工程于某某日期竣工和缺陷责任期(维修期)开始日期，以及指出承包商应在缺陷责任期应完成的扫尾工作和小缺陷。(4)颁发移交证书在工程验收中常出现“实质性竣工(substantialcompletion)”，“检查”(inspection)，“试验”(test)等术语，合同中往往对这些术语的含义有所定义。“实质性竣工”是指工程已基本竣工，可以投入运行，允许在验收时存在部分未完成的扫尾工作和一些小缺陷，但不能影响工程的正常运行(normaloperation)。“检查”是指工程及其安装到工程上的永久设备(incorporatedplant)、装置(devices)和构筑物(structures)等的外观检查。“试验”是指对上述设施按一定的方法去测试。一旦承包商收到了移交证书，承包商要催促业主按合同规定退还保留金(retentionmoney)，同时组织维修期的维修工作。UNIT18THEOWNERTHROWSACELEBRATINGBANQUETTheproject'sbeenimplemented;thehydrogeneratorsarerunning;thegeneratedpowerisbe-ingtransmittedtothewholewesternareaofthecountry.Crowdsoflocalpeoplestreaminforavisittothisgrandfacility.Mr.Aston,DirectoroftheNationalEle'ctricityBoard,accompaniedbyMr.SukhnandanandMr.Shaw,hostsabanquettocelebratethesuccessfulexecutionoftheProject.Mr.Guan,VicePresidentofCOCC,andMrBian,togetherwithotherkeystaff,areinvitedtothebanquet.1.Exchai~giagToasts(Shortlyaftereveryoneisseatedatthedinningtable,thebanquet-begins.Inthecourseofthebanquet,Mr.Astonstandsup,holdingaglassofwine.Itistimeforacelebratorytoast.)Aston：Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseletmeSayafewwordstoourChinesefriends.OnbehalfoftheNationalElectricityBoard,I'dliketoextendoursincerethanksforyouroutstandingperformance.Thisis,indeed,anightforcelebration.I,beingtheDirectoroftheNationalElectricityBoard,have-beendreamingthatourcountryhasenoughpowertodevelopitsownindustries.Thecompletion,andcommissioningofthisprojecthasmademydreampartlycometrue.Asyouallknow,thisisadevelopingcountry.The.shortageofelectricpowerisabigproblemforus.So,ourgov-ernmentis-makinggreateffortstoinvestinmorehydro-electricpowerpro-jects.Andthesuccessfulexecutionofthisprojectgivesusagoodstartforourfuturecooperation.MayI,then,proposeatoasttothesuccessofthisproject,andtofurthercooperationinthefuturebetweenus?Everyone：Tosuccessandcooperation.Gnan：Thankyouforyourkindwords,Mr.Aston.Beinganinternationalcontrac-tor,we’rehonoredtohavehadtheopportunitytoworkfortheNationalElec-tricityBoard.Thisprojecthasbeencompleted,smoothlyandsuccessfully,withyourassistanceandcooperation.Itisourhopeand,ofcourse,yourhopetoo,thatthisprojectwillcontributetotheeconomicdevelopmentofyourcountryandtheimprovementofthepeople'slivingstandards.Weap-plaudyourgovernment'spolicyofinvestingmoreinhydro-electricpowerpro-jectsashydro-electricityiscleanpowerandonceaprojectiscompleted,itiseconomicaltorun．WedovalueourassociationwiththeNationalElectricityBoardandthesmallpartwehaveplayedinthisfield．Wearewillingtoex—plorethepossibilitieswithyouoffurthercooperationnotonlyasyourcon一tractor，butalsoastheco-investor．Tothatend，therefore，letmeproposeatoast：tothecontinuanceofourco—operationinmoreprojectsandtothehealthofallthefriendsgatheredherearoundthistable．Cheers!Everyone：Cheers!2．TableTalk(Afterthetoasts，thehostsandtheguestsarecontinuingtheirtalkwhiletheyareenjoyingthemeal．．Thetalkisspiritedandfriendly．Everyoneseemstobetalkative)Aston：Asyoumentionedjustnow，Mr,Guan，yourcompanywouldliketobeourco-investorindevelopinghydro-powerprojects．Thisreallyinterestsme．Lackoffundsisabigproblemforourdevelopment．Guan：Iwonderwhetheritispossibleforustobuildahydro-powerprojectinthis：countrvonaBOTbasis．Thatistosay，weraisethemoney,buildthepro-jectandoperateitforafixedperiodoftime．Accordingly,weretaintheown-ershipandmanagementrole,andreceivetherevenueforthatperiod．Aston：That'stheverythingwe'vebeenexpecting．Youknow，Ourgovernmentistryingtotransfercertaininfrastructureprojectsintoprivatei-sectorconces-sionaryagencies.Guan：Governmentsofmanydevelopingcountriesarebecomingenthusiasticaboutthisformoffinancing，sinceitdoesn'tincreasepublic-sectordebtbutcangetwhattheyneedforthedevelopmentoftheireconomies．1wanttohaveafullunderstandingofyourcountry'spolicyinthisaspect．Onethingwearepar-ticularlyconcernedaboutinparticiaiaristheconcessionperiod。Itmustbelongenoughtoenableustohaveareasonablereturnonourinvestment.Aston：Iwilltrytogetrelevantinformationfromourgovernmentdepartmentandkeepyouinformed．Icanalsoarrangeforyoutohavedirectnegotiationswiththedepartmentiftheopportunityarises．Guan：Thankyou．Wewillhavetosignaconcessionagreementwithyourgovernment．Aston：AndtheNationalElectricityBoardmightbethebuyerofthegeneratedpower，ifpossible.Guan：That’sagoodidea．Oncetheconcessionagreemefitissigned，wecouldpro-ceedwiththepowerpurchaseagreement.(WhileMr．AstonandMr．Guanaretalking，Mr．SukhnandanturnstoMr．Bian．)Sukh：Thankyouandallyourfellowworkers，Mr．Bian，foralltheeffortsyou'vemadeonthisproject．Bian：IreallyappreciateyourassistanceandcooperationduringalltheconstructionPeriod,Mr.Sukhnandan.Ifthisprojectisasuceess,partofthecreditbe-longstoyou.Sukh：Thankyou.(Suddenly)Whereismyfriend,Mr．Zhang?Ihaven'tseenhimtonight.Bian：Unfortunately,hehasfallensickandcan’tbeheretonight.Sukh：I’msorrytohearthat．Ihopehewillrecoversoon.Ilikehim．He’ssuchapromisingyoungman.Bian：Yes,that’swhyIaskedhimtomyassistant．Butyou’reasyoungandevenmorepromising.Sukh：Thankyou.Aston：WhenIappointedMr.Sukhnandanas0urrepresentativeofthisproject，somepeopleintheBoarddidn'tthinkthathewastherightpersonforthisJob.Theysaidhewastooyoung．IbeIievedIwasright，andtheoutcomehasprovedthatI’mright.Mr.sukhnandanhascomeuptomyexpectationswithhishardworkandstrongsenseofresponsibility.Sukh：It'smyduty．That'swhatyoupaymefor．Youknow，therewasatimewhenIthoughtIwouldbefiredbyMr.Astonifthisprojectcameouttobeafailure.Now,Iamgreatlyrelieved.(Pause)Ishouldalsothankyou,Mr.Guan,forhavingassignedMr·Bianasyourprojectmanager．He’sbeenverycooperativeandworkinghardforthelastcoupleofyears.Guan：So,IwillgiveMr．Bianthree-monthholiday．Whataboutyou，Mr．Aston?WillyoutogiveMr.Sukhnandanaholiday,too?Aston：Ofcourse,Besides,IhavedecidedtosendhimtoaBritishuniversityforfurtherStudiesofconstructionmanagement.Sukh：That’swhatIhavedreamingabout．ButfirstI’llgototheCarrihBeachtospendmyholidaywithmyfamily.Whataboutyou，Mr．Bian?What’syourplan?Bian：Tocatchuponmysleep,firstthinginmyholiday!WORDSANDEXPRESSIONScelebratingbanquet庆功宴会implement执行，实施hydrogenerator水轮发电机generatedpower发出的电力transmit输送streamin络绎不绝，川流不息exchangetoasts相互祝酒dinningtable餐桌inthecourseof在…过程中。extendoursincerethanks表示衷心的感谢outstandingperformance出色的工作commissioning试运行，开始投人运行shortageofelectricpower缺乏电力investin在…投资applaud鼓掌，赞成cleanpower清洁的能源explorethepossibilities探讨可能性co—investor合伙投资者tothatend为此目的spirited热烈的，活泼的talkative健谈的,谈话滔滔不绝的raisethemoney筹集资金retaintheownershipandmanagementrole享有所有权和经营管理权infrastructureproject基础项目private—sectorconcessionaryagency私营部门特许机构becomeenthusiasticabout对---热情很高thistformoffinancing这种融资方式public-sectordebt公共部门的债务concessionaryperiod特许期concessionagreement特许协议areasonablereturnonourinvestment我们投资的合理回报governmentdepartment政府部门credit荣誉apromisingyoungman一个有前途的年轻人comeuptoone’sexpectations不辜负某人的期望strongsenseofresponsibility强烈的责任感鬟forthelastcoupleofyears在过去的两三年里athree-monthholiday三个月的假期construetionmanagement建筑工程管理spendone'sholiday度假catchuponmysleep弥补我的睡眠firstthinginmyholiday我在假期中的第一件事NOTESTOTHETEXT1．thisgrandfacility；这一宏伟的设施这儿指的是“已完成的水电工程设。2．DirectoroftheNationalElectricityBoard：国家电力局局长Director在英语中常指某机构的主要负责人，根据实际情况可译为‘“主任”，厂长”，“署长”，“司长”，“局长”等。3.…mademydreampartlycometrue：使我的部分梦想成为现实cometrue常用来表示理想、希望达到或实现。4.WedovalueourassociationwiththeNationalE1ectricityBoard…：我们很十分珍惜与国家电力局的关系…value在此用作动词，意思是“珍惜”，“重视”．例如：Wehavealwaysvaluedyourfriendship．(我们一直十分珍惜你们的友谊。)Hevaluswealthmorethanhealth(他把财富看得比健康还重)5.…thesmallpartwehaveplayedinthisfield．：我们在这个方面所尽的微薄之力。6.…tothehealthofallthefriendsgatheredherearoundthistable．：为在此就坐的所有朋友的健康(干杯)gatheredherearoundthistable这儿是过去分词短语，相当于一个定语从句Whoaregatheredherearoundthistable。7.onaBOTbasis：按BOT方式BOT是build-operate—transfer的缩写形式，意思是“建造-运营-转让”，这是发展中国家为吸引外资而实行的一种融资方式。8.…andkeepyouinformed：并随时告知你们请注意这句话的结构。9.Ihopehewillrecoversoon..：我希望他很快康复。recover在这里是身体恢复健康的意思。10.Now,Iamgreatlyrelieved．：现在我可以大松一口气了。EXERCISES1.Indealingwithforeigncornpaniesororganizations,itisquiteoftenforustohostortobeinvitedtoabanquet,likeinthetext.Onthisoccasion,somesentencesarefrequentlyued．Now,tryexpressingthefollowingideasinEnglish：1)首先，我愿意向在坐的各位表示最热烈的欢迎。(First，1wouldliketoexpressourwarmestwelcometoa11ofyouhere．)2)很高兴，各位千里迢迢从贵国来到我们公司访问。。(IamVeryhappythatyouhavecomeallthewayfromyourcountrytovisitourCompa—ny．)3)愿各位今晚有一个美好的时光。(Ihopethatyouwillhaveagoodtimetonight．)4)大家别忘了趁热尽享您的晚餐。(Don'tforgettofinishyourdinnerbeforeitgetscold!)5)我代表所有在坐的同事对您的盛情表示由衷的感谢!(OnbehaIfofallmycolleagueshere，1wanttoextendoursinceretbanksforyourhos—pitality·)6)为了使这个项目成功，我们还需要你们持续的支持与理解。(Inordertomakethisprojectasuccess，wealsoneedyourcontinuingsupportandun-derstanding.)2.SupposeyouaretheprojectmanageroftheContractor.InvitedbytheOwner'srepre-sentative，youattendaChristmasparty．Now，makeaspeechattheendofthepartytoexpress：a．感谢对方的邀请；b．宴会的饭菜棒极了；c．感谢对方在前一阶段的支持；d．希望得到对方的持续合作。(Onbehalfofallmycolleagueshere，1wanttothankyouforinvitingustosuchanenjoy—ableChristmasparty．Weenjoyedthedeliciousfoodandtheexcellentwine；weenjoymeetingyouhereandtalkingtoallofyou，butmoreimportantly，weenjoyedyourassis-tanceandsupportintheexecutionoftheprojectduringthelastyearandhopetohaveyourcontinuingcooperation：inthenextstage．Let'smaintainourgoodrelationshipandmakethisprojectagreatsuccess!)-，背景与指南(BACKGROUNDANDDIRECTIONS)在国际工程承包中，如果工程项目能够圆满竣工(successfulcompletion)，业主在竣工后可能会宴请(hostabanquet)承包商的有关人员，对他们为项目付出的辛勤劳动表示感谢。承包商一方也常致答谢辞，感谢业主在项目执行过程中的协助与支持。这个时候双方的关系一般都很融洽(goodrelationship)，一个精明的承包商往往利用这个机会向业主提出某些投资建议，并希望双方今后的进一步的合作。对一个工程承包公司而言，一个项目的成功，不单单表现在获得一定的利润(actualprofit)，同时还表现在为公司获得了信誉(prestige)，这无疑对于公司立足于国际承包市场(keepafirmfoothold)以及开拓今后的承包业务(expandthefutureoperation)奠定了良好的基础(1ayasolidfoundation)。有时，对一个承包公司的发展来说，一个项目为公司所创造的“信誉”这个无形的利润(invisibleprofit)也许比一个项目创造的实际利润还显得宝贵(moreprecious)。WelcomeToDownload!!!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！精品资料