英语定语从句用法详解(初中)

英语定语从句用法详解(初中)英语定语从句用法详解（初中）在复合句中 ， 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 ， 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 ， 引导定语从句的有关系代词 who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等 ， 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。1.由who引导的定语从句中 ， who用作主语 ， 如 ： Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.3.由whose引导的定语从句中 ， whose用作定语 ， 如 ： Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.注意 ：(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时 ， 介词可放在 whom、which之前 ， 也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如： Heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：Ihavelostmybag,whichIlikeverymuch.(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等 ， 如 ：All thatwehavetodo istopractiseEnglish.(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如Thefirstletter thatIgotfromhim willbekept.(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰 ， 如I'veeatenup allthefood thatyougaveme.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时如HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.(5)先行词既有人又有物时，如:Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthings thattheymet.(6)当句中已有who时 ， 为避免重复 ， 如 ： Whoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?6.由when,where,why引导的定语从句，如:Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.注意：先行词是 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。ThisisthehouseWhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(Wherehehaslivedfor15year.)7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等，这些关系代词都不能省略。(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 ， 没有这种从句 ， 不影响主句意思的完整 ， 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如 ： Ihavetwobrothers,whoarebothstudents.8．如何简化定语从句（1）.定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagethatisfarawayfromhere.→Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。Thisisabookthatisworthreading.→Thisisabookworthreading. 这是一本值得看的书。（2） 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。ThemanwhoisstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.→ThemanstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。Isawthehousethatwasburningatthattime.→Isawtheburninghouseatthattime.当时我看到那房子在燃烧。（3）定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。IliketoseethefilmswhicharedirectedbyZhangYimou.→IliketoseethefilmsdirectedbyZhangYimou. 我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。Sheisthegirlwhowaspraisedattheschoolmeeting.→Sheisthegirlpraisedattheschoolmeeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。（4）定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。Heisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestoschool.→Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocometoschool.他总是第一个到校。Thereportwhichwillbegiventomorrowisimportanttous.→Thereporttobegiventomorrowisimportanttous.明天要作的报告对我们很重要。（5）定语从句简化为what 从句。Icouldn'trememberthewordsthathesaid.→Icouldn'trememberwhathesaid.我记不得他说的话。 【典型例题解析】例 1Thesecondbook______IwanttoreadisBusiness@theSpeedofThought.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as解析 先行词 book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。例 2I'llneverforgetthedays_____Istayedwithyou.A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.forwhich解析 本题指时间，故选 A。例 3Thebook______issoldoutatthemoment.A.youneedB.whatyouneedC.whichyouneeditD.thatyouneedit解析 B、C、D中的what和it与先行Thebook相抵触 ， 故选 A。例 4Isthistheplace______Lincolnoncelived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when解析 本题指地点，故选 C。例 5I'moneoftheboys_________ neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois解析 本题中 who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词theboys保持一致，故选B。【选讲例题】例 6Hersister,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whois解析 非限制性定语从句中 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。例 7Thesebookareforstudents_____motherlanguageisnotEnglish.A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.whose解析 whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语，故选D。本文档内字体为阿里巴巴普惠体R，CTRL+A全选可调整字体属性及字体大小-CAL-FENGHAI.NetworkInformationTechnologyCompany.2020YEAR