欧洲航行通告介绍

欧洲航行通告介绍 关于赴德航空情报管理两期培训 情况报告 2011年7月24日至8月13日及8月14日9月3日～空管部组织完成了两期由民航局空管局、民航干部管理学院与德国GroupEAD Europe S.L.共同举办的航空情报管理培训班～每期21天～两期培训人数共计22人。现将培训情况 汇报 关于vocs治理的情况汇报每日工作汇报下载教师国培汇报文档下载思想汇报Word下载qcc成果汇报ppt免费下载 如下: 一、培训概况 两期培训的地点为GroupEAD Europe S.L.公司,以下简称GroupEAD ,的法兰克福分部～三周培训课程的主要内容为: 第一周 航空情报知识,空域、飞行性能、航空器仪表、机场等, 第二周 航空情报设备和系统、EAD介绍、AIS向AIM过渡 第三周 AICM和AIXM数据模型及未来发展方向 课程由GroupEAD的培训专家、系统开发人员教授～期间组织了对GroupEAD运行部门及DFS(德国空管)的AIS-C(航空情报中心)实地参观～并观看了工作人员的操作演示。 二、重点内容介绍 enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ – 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; And large-diameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on-hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protection 1、EAD和GroupEAD Europe S.L. EAD(EUROPE AIS DATABASE欧洲航空情报数据库)的概念是EUROCONTROL,the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation欧洲航空安全组织,1990年的一项关于航行情报运行构架的研究报告提出的。根据EUROCONTROL的定义:EAD是一种向空域使用者提供有质量保证的数据的集中化航空情报数据库。EUROCONTROL为实现欧洲范围内集中化和自动化的的航空情报管理于1999年启动了EAD项目。 奥地利的FREQUENTIS公司成为EAD项目承包商～开发了EAD的软件和硬件系统～并提供技术支持和维护。2001年EAD进入试运行阶段～2003年实现了全面运行。 建成后的EAD～数据服务器设在奥地利的维也纳～主用服务器及其镜像备份分处间隔超过10KM的两个机房内～可实现故障灾害期间的自动切换～加拿大加入EAD项目以后又在多伦多增设了基本版的备份服务器。 EAD的服务包括:INO,International NOTAM Operations 国际通告处理,、SDO,Static Data Operations静态数据处理,、PAMS,Published AIP Management Service已公布AIP管理服务,和SD,Service Desk support to EAD clients 用户桌面支持服务,等4个主要模块。 通过INO模块～用户可以得到来自世界范围内已处理有效航行通告、雪情通告、火山灰通告～并根据飞行 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 生成 hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart man-, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-prevent the pollution . Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order toews upnsulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, scrven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of iof wo h specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering constructionnt of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance witdiameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishme-And largelastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; 5mm), appropriate material e –. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moistureation per and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insuln starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upenforced thermal insulatioements for protective product protectionagement process. 7.2 General requir2 PIB;SDO模块是基于AICM/AIXM数据模型的静态数据库～各地的数据提供者可以通过SDO维护自己的数据并得到其他地区的数据,PAMS模块允许用户以PDF和XML的格式存储AIP、修订、摘要、AIC、航图及其生效日期等元数据,SD模块则是一个为用户提供24小时技术支持的平台～接收用户故障报告～为用户解决问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 或提出建议。 此外～EAD还可以提供基于SDO的AIP发布、航图发布,通过子系统实现,、用户培训等服务。 EAD用户主要分为两种类型:ECIT用户和ESI用户。ECIT(EAD CLIENT INTERFACE TERMIMAL,EAD客户界面终端又称EAD PRO)用户即完全使用EAD提供的应用软件接入EAD的用户～使用EAD软件发布和获取数据～多数欧盟国家均为ECIT用户～2010年7月菲律宾成为欧洲国家之外的首家ECIT用户,ESI, EAD SYSTEM INTERFACE-EAD系统界面,用户即使用自有应用软件系统通过基于XML模式交互方式访问EAD的用户～例如DFS。其他私人飞行员和公众用户也可以通过互联网网页的方式访问EAD获得PIB、AIP和航图。 2001年AENA(西班牙空管)、DFS、FREQUENTIS三家公司共同出资组建了GroupEAD Europe S.L.公司～负责EAD的日常运行～并代表EUROCONTROL提供EAD服务。GroupEAD分为西班牙马德里和德国法兰克福两个部分～两者各有一套完全相同的设备和人员班子用于INO、SDO和SD模块的日常运行～ gn requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulpipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Desi diameter vertical pipe for high temperature-construction joints tight; And large 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for –>100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ jointspanels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice,ailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protectionhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook n-on construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulati-secondary pollution of largeprone heater, channel area of -ictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollutioneach piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is str e thatanels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensur; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective pation3 此外～马德里分部兼有安全和质量管理职责、法兰克福分部兼有培训功能。 GroupEAD在法兰克福和马德里各有16和15名值班人员～两地各有4名主管～4名行政和管理人员～加上CEO整个公司总共47名员工～来自13个国家16个机构。此次培训是GroupEAD首次为欧盟以外的国家举办团体培训。 2、DFS AIS-C简介 DFS,Deutsche Flugscicherug德国空管,AIS-C(航空情报服务中心)成立于2003年～设于法兰克福。在2003年以前～德国在17个国际机场设有ARO(ATC REPORTING OFFICE 空管报告室和AIS(航空情报服务)部门～ARO负责飞行计划处理、AFTN通讯、着陆监控和告警服务～AIS负责航行通告发布和飞行前资料服务～另在法兰克福设有一个国际航行通告室。 2003年DFS撤销了17个国际机场的ARO/AIS部门～将所有的人员和职责集中到法兰克福成立了AIS-C,通过互联网、电子邮件、电话和传真为各地提供ARO和AIS服务。 DFS AIS-C目前日均:提供PIB1200份、发布航行通告50,100份、提供VFReBulletin,目视飞行电子资料,750份、发出空域特殊用途许可100个、协调安排机场使用时间段150架次、进行非管制机场着陆监控330架次、处理飞行 h specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering constructionnt of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance witdiameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishme-And largelastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; 5mm), appropriate material e –. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moistureation per and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insuln starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upenforced thermal insulatioements for protective product protectionagement process. 7.2 General requirhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart man-, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-prevent the pollution . Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order toews upnsulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, scrven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of iof wo4 计划800份、与CFMU进行流量协调250架次。 需要说明的是DFS AIS-C主要负责通用和公务飞行的飞行计划处理～一般民航公司的飞行计划由公司自行制作提交到CFMU;AIS-C对德国境内500多个非管制机场实施着陆监控～年监控可达50000架次。 此外AIS-C还提供一种称为CYPA(CALL YOUR PERSONAL AIS个人航空情报服务)的一站式服务～即飞行计划安排、航路计划、通告资料准备、机场使用时段和飞行许可申请的一揽子打包服务。 DFS AIS-C的所有服务都可以通过互联网获得。用户只需要通过网页、传真等方式提交飞行申请～AIS-C就会替用户制作飞行计划提交到CFMU,并会将获得的许可、时段、PIB通过电子邮件和是手机短信发送给用户。 在工作流程和日常管理中～AIS-C采用了EBS(电子简报系统)、EPAN(电子席位日志)、Alcatel CCD,电话分发软件,、DLS,工作日志系统,等一系列电子技术和手段。在DFS AIS-C值班大厅的墙上～巨大的投影屏幕随时显示各种业务电话的排队等候情况和处理状态和工作席位的忙闲变化～主管可以实时监控整个中心的工作状况～大大提高了工作效率和运行质量。 2003年DFS AIS-C成立时有139名工作人员和6名主管从事上述服务工作～到2011年时的情况下缩减到72名工作 secondary pollution of largeprone heater, channel area of -ictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollutioneach piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is str e thatanels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensur; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective pationgn requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulpipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Desi diameter vertical pipe for high temperature-construction joints tight; And large 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for –>100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ jointspanels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice,ailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protectionhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook n-on construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulati-5 人员和4名主管～其他人员转岗到了DFS的其他部门。 3.从AIS到AIM AIM (Aeronautical Informaiton Management航空情报管理)是ICAO为满足未来航空情报服务需求而定义的。它是一种代替目前使用航空数据通过生产出版物和纸张产品为形式的航空情报服务的航空数据管理理念。在未来～焦点将会是数据本身～用户可以定义如何使用数据来实现自身的特定需求～数据将支持飞行各个阶段空中交通和导航服务的无缝衔接～从AIS过渡到AIM将满足航空容量爆炸式增长的需求～高水准的安全性和数据完整性将最大化飞行的灵活性、效率和经济效益。 在未来AIM将会涵盖目前尚不属于航空情报服务范围的航空数据～例如MET气象数据。而目前的数据用户也将由单纯的数据使用者转变为数据源～例如飞行计划、流量管理、CDM等。 2008年3月ICAO成立了AIS向AIM过渡研究小组～2008年12月该小组的第一大会上审议通过了《AIS向AIM过渡路线图》。路线图把从AIS向AIM过渡划分为:巩固、数字化、信息管理三个阶段21各步骤～计划在2016年全面实现AIM。 巩固阶段:发展 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 并确保所有国家执行, 数字化阶段:加强现有产品和数据库的质量和可用性, diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-prevent the pollution . Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order toews upnsulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, scrven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of iof wo h specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering constructionnt of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance witdiameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishme-And largelastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; 5mm), appropriate material e –. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moistureation per and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insuln starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upenforced thermal insulatioements for protective product protectionagement process. 7.2 General requirhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart man-, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on6 信息管理阶段:开发新的产品和服务,进行质量控制～培训～规划新的和现有的产品和服务。 具体21个步骤及各步骤在各阶段中的顺序见下图。 4.AICM和AIXM 为了支持从AIS向AIM过渡～实现航空情报服务和产品从纸张到数字化的跨越～满足未来航空数据存储和交换传输的需要～EUROCONTROL认识到需要开发一种计算机模型～这就是AICM,Aeronautical Information Conceptual Model 航空情报概念模型,和AIXM(Aeronautical Information Exchange Model航空情报交换模型)～这二者一起构成航空数据和电子化交换的通用标准参考模型。 AICM是一种基于UML,Unified Modeling Language的 ationgn requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulpipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Desi diameter vertical pipe for high temperature-construction joints tight; And large 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for –>100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ jointspanels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice,ailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protectionhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook n-on construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulati-secondary pollution of largeprone heater, channel area of -ictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollutioneach piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is str e thatanels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensur; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective p7 缩写,统一建模语言,的概念模型～它在抽象的层面对航空信息进行了定义。它的底层概念“AICM概念”是一组实体和它们相互之间逻辑关系的集合～例如:机场、空域、导航台和航等。 AIXM是一种基于XML,Extensible Make-up Language 可扩展标记语言,的数据交换格式～它定义了航空数据在传输交换中的格式和语法。 1996年～EUROCONTROL发布了一组基于ICAO附件、真实的AIP、ARANC424使用实体关系法创建数据模型的草稿～1997年10月发布了第一版AICM～这时仍需要一种数据交换的方法。1998年3月基于SQL(结构化查询语言)的交换模型草稿被开发了出来～但是没有达到预期的目标。1999年早期～XML,Extensible Make-up Language可扩展标记语言,被交换模型所采用～ AICM2.1版本在这一年发布～一组数据模型被建立了起来～AIXM在AICM的基础上也被开发出来～以提供符合AICM概念的数据交换格式。2002年发布了AICM/AIXM3.3版～2003年第一个基于AIXM3.3运行的航空数据库-EAD建立了。 此后～美国FAA开始与EUROCONTROL合作扩展AICM/AIXM到全球民航和军用航空领域。2005年EUROCONTROL发布了可运营的AICM/AIXM4.5版本～在2006年发布了AICM/AIXM5.0 版本～下一个可运营的版本将会是AICM/AIXM5.1。 agement process. 7.2 General requirhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart man-, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-prevent the pollution . Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order toews upnsulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, scrven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of iof wo h specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering constructionnt of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance witdiameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishme-And largelastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; 5mm), appropriate material e –. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moistureation per and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insuln starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upenforced thermal insulatioements for protective product protection8 EUROCONTROL原定于2010年11月在EAD中启动AICM/AIXM5.1～但到目前为止还没有实施。 AICM4.5版是一种E-R,实体关系,模型～通过diagrams(图表)和report(报告)来提供实体、属性、关系和域的描述、注释、规则和取值列表。举例来说～机场是一个实体～在AICM4.5中以AD_HP来表示～而机场代码、机场名称等等则是机场的属性～以CODE_ID和TXT_NAME来表示～则机场的实体图表如下: 实体的属性分为强制属性和可选属性～例如机场坐标的经度和纬度GEO_LAT/GEO_LONG是强制属性～因为缺少了经纬度就无法真正确定一个机场～而经纬度的精度 VAL_GEO_ACCURACY则是可选属性。 而机场的report中～则对机场及其属性进行了描述～ anels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensur; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective pationgn requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulpipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Desi diameter vertical pipe for high temperature-construction joints tight; And large 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for –>100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ jointspanels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice,ailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protectionhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook n-on construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulati-secondary pollution of largeprone heater, channel area of -ictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollutioneach piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is str e that9 并提供了属性的取值范围和一些规则。在下面report中规定:机场的CODE_ID,机场代码,可以是ICAO给定的四码或IATA给定的三码～当以上两者均不存在时则可以人工设置一个两位国家代码后随四位数字的人工代码给该机场。 Report中的规则分为技术性规则和商业性规则。技术性规则是为了避免数据产生歧义～例如AICM规定:“当填写机场标高时必须填写测量单位”,商业性规则是为了确保数据的完整性或符合ICAO或地区的规定和标准～例如坐标基准的规则规定“所有的地理坐标必须用WGS84坐标表示”。 实体相互之间又存在有关系～例如机场和跑道。关系可以分为强制性关系和可选性关系～例如机场可以没有跑道,直升机场,而跑道必定属于某个机场～则机场和跑道之间是可选性关系而跑道和机场之间是强制性关系,关系还可以 h specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering constructionnt of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance witdiameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishme-And largelastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; 5mm), appropriate material e –. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moistureation per and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insuln starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upenforced thermal insulatioements for protective product protectionagement process. 7.2 General requirhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart man-, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-prevent the pollution . Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order toews upnsulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, scrven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of iof wo10 分成一对一关系或者一对多关系～多对多关系等～例如一个机场可以拥有几条跑道～而一条跑道必定只能属于一个机场。实体之间的关系可以通过E-R图来表示。 机场和跑道关系的E-R图 AIXM是AICM通过XML的物理呈现～它被用来编码航空数据交换中的规则。下图展示了AICM中的“概念”VOR是如何转换到AIXM中的～在AIXM中这个具体的VOR被称为实例。 XML是一种标识语言～它通过一种特殊的方式使用标记,Tag,来标识、分类和组织信息。XML常被用来分类信息、为数据添加规则、用多种不同的方法显示信息、跨平台使用数据～它还具有可扩展性、开放和无专利等优点。 ationgn requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulpipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Desi diameter vertical pipe for high temperature-construction joints tight; And large 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for –>100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ jointspanels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice,ailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protectionhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook n-on construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulati-secondary pollution of largeprone heater, channel area of -ictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollutioneach piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is str e thatanels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensur; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective p11 XML通过DTD,Document Type Definition 文件类型定义)来声明显示在XML文件中的内容必须遵从的规则～通过Schema,模式,来定义文档的正确格式。AIXM技术 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 的核心部分就是XML Schema(XSD)。 AIXM有四个XSD～分别是AIXM-DATATYPES.XSD、AIXM-FEATURES.XSD、AIXM-UPDATE.XSD和AIXM-SNAPSHOT.XSD。它们之间的层级关系如下图。 AIXM-DATATYPES定义了AIXM中的数据类型～对应AICM中实体的属性,AIXM-FEATURES定义了AIXM中的实例～对应AICM中的实体,AIXM-UPDATE和AIXM-SNAPSHOT则分别对应AIXM两种类型的数据交换:更新和快照。其中“更新”又分为“新建”、“修改”和“撤销”三种对数据的操作。快照则是在包含给定时刻数据库中所有被选定数据实例的报告。 4、AIXM5.1和AIM的未来趋势 尚在开发中的AIXM5.1和AIXM4.5的一项主要改进是引入了GML,Geography Markup Language地理标记语言,来 -prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-prevent the pollution . Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order toews upnsulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, scrven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of iof wo h specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering constructionnt of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance witdiameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishme-And largelastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; 5mm), appropriate material e –. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moistureation per and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insuln starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upenforced thermal insulatioements for protective product protectionagement process. 7.2 General requirhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart man-, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth12 描绘地理数据和信息。ICAO附件15的第33次修订已经明确要求地形和障碍物数据库产品要遵从ISO 211 19100s系列标准。GML不仅符合这一要求～而且已经成为国际上普遍采用的标准。 GML中包含有大量的XML模式来表示地理几何体～诸如点、线、多边形等。此外～GML规范还包含有合并这些几何体成为现实世界物体的实例类型的规则。在AIXM中加入GML将大大提高AIXM的地理信息处理能力。 未来的数据交换模型将能够满足AIP和航图的自动制作和发布、机场地图数据库、三维地理集成航行通告、电子飞行包、驶舱情景显示和飞行管理系统、自动空中交通管理系统等应用的需求。为此～EUROCONTROL已经开发了AMXM (AIRPORT MAPPING EXCHANGE MODEL机场地图交换模型)、WXXM (WEATHER INFORMATION EXCHANGE MODEL气象信息交换模型)和ANXM (AIRPORT NETWORK INFORMATION EXCHANGE MODEL 机场网络信息交换模型)等一系列数据模型。可视化的XNOTAM、完全自动生成的EAIP等设想在不久的将来都将成为现实。 三、体会与收获 1、AIM是航空情报工作发展的必然趋势 欧洲由于在相对拥挤的地域中集中的国家多、航班流量大～对传统航空情报服务工作的效率低下感受最深～所以走 -ictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollutioneach piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is str e thatanels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensur; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective pationgn requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulpipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Desi diameter vertical pipe for high temperature-construction joints tight; And large 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for –>100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ jointspanels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice,ailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protectionhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook n-on construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulati-secondary pollution of largeprone heater, channel area of 13 在了AIM研究和实行的前列～从AIS到AIM的过渡已经初步完成了形式上转变。从单个国家来说～以德国DFS为例:从全国17个ARO/AIS部门合并成为一个AIS-C～实现了分散运行到单一运行。从整个欧洲来说～绝大多数欧洲国家已经以ECIT或ESI的方式接入EAD～共享一个中央数据库。这种形式上的转变～减少了重复劳动、降低了成本、提高了工作效率和经济效益～更重要的是～与此同时大大降低了数据在重复传递中的错误和延迟的风险～提高了航空情报的及时、准确和有效性。 经过EUROCONTROL十多年的研究和推广～AICM/AIXM已经成为一种国际标准～不仅欧洲国家成为EAD的用户～欧洲之外的加拿大和菲律宾也加入了EAD～菲律宾还成为了其欧洲之外的首个完全用户。ICAO也制定了从AIS向AIM过渡的路线图。从国际上看～AIM也是大势所趋～有多个国家正在研究制定自己的AIM规范或准备接入EAD。 从技术上看～AICM/AIXM并没有什么创造性的技术和应用～不过是一个特定种类的计算机数据模型～但其胜在全面扎实。AICM和AIXM模型几乎涵盖了目前所有ICAO要求的和世界各国实际使用的航空数据～且对数据的拆分极其精细～数据描述规范而详尽。这使其具有极高的可用性和接受度。采用AICM/AIXM的EAD也得以成为一个极具扩展性的航空基础数据库～向其他航空领域提供数据产品也成为了可能。 diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-prevent the pollution . Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order toews upnsulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, scrven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of iof wo h specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering constructionnt of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance witdiameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishme-And largelastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; 5mm), appropriate material e –. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moistureation per and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insuln starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upenforced thermal insulatioements for protective product protectionagement process. 7.2 General requirhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart man-, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on14 AICM/AIXM和EAD为AIM的实现提供了坚实的技术保障～。如果加入GML技术的AIXM5.1能够得以成功～将真正实现AIS向AIM转变的质的飞跃。 2.我国具备实行AIM的可行性 我国地域广阔～地域大于欧洲主要国家,不包括俄罗斯,的总和～机场数量少、航班流量小～理论上比欧洲更具有实行AIM的可行性。 目前我国主要地区和大多数机场航空情报部门均已安装统一的CNMS航行情报动态信息处理系统～虽未全面实行数据库联网～但已搭建了三级管理的构架体系。西南地区实行的单一数据库和二三级机构联网模式～也为实行统一的AIM管理积累了一定的经验。近期～民航局开发的航空资料上报系统在全国铺开。我国观察研究AIM的工作也开展了相当一段的时间～这一切都为我们实行AIM建立了一定的基础。 当然～应当认识到实行AIM不仅仅是技术手段上的改变～更重要的是进行组织体制上的变革。我国民航具有自身的特点～各地空管的系统和机制尚不能实现统一～对空域的使用、行业的开放受国家政策的限制较大。制度上的改革必将牵涉到整个行业从业人员的职业发展。DFS建立AIS-C～最终有半数工作人员转岗。我国实施AIM需要整个民航上下统一提高认识～进行长远的规划。 3.服务是根本 each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is str e thatanels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensur; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective pationgn requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulpipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Desi diameter vertical pipe for high temperature-construction joints tight; And large 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for –>100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ jointspanels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice,ailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protectionhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook n-on construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulati-secondary pollution of largeprone heater, channel area of -ictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution15 虽然名称从航空情报服务变成了航空情报管理～但服务仍然是行业的根本。在GRUOPEAD和DFS AIS-C我们可以深切的感受到强烈的服务意识:两家公司在自我推介中不约而同的把客户满意度调查作为自己的重点介绍内容～两家公司都建立了与用户反馈挂钩的薪酬奖惩制度～使用对用户更便捷的互联网提供服务～DFS的AIS-C甚至采用技术手段监控员工对用户的服务情况。这当然与这两家公司的私人运营背景有关～但不可否认的是在这两家公司牢牢抓住了行业生存的根本。 应该看到从AIS到AIM改变的是运行机制和产品,从纸张到数据本身,～真正提高的是服务。从AIS到AIM的发展也正是为了满足现代航空对于提高航空情报服务质量的需求。 国内的航空情报人员常常感叹“与机组的接触机会少了～情报的重要性低了:”～在培训期间DFS AIS-C工作人员的一段介绍正好可以成为这句话的注解。该工作人员介绍说～当DFS刚刚开始撤减各地的ARO/AIS部门时经常接到投诉～因为飞行员得不到面对面的接待感到受了冷落～过了一段时间以后～当他们发现AIS-C提供的远程服务更加方便高效时～用户满意度便很快止跌反弹并一直维持在了较高的水准。 . Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order toews upnsulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, scrven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of iof wo h specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering constructionnt of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance witdiameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishme-And largelastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; 5mm), appropriate material e –. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moistureation per and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insuln starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upenforced thermal insulatioements for protective product protectionagement process. 7.2 General requirhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart man-, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-prevent the pollution 16 民航局空管局空管部 二〇一一年九月二十日 e thatanels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensur; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective pationgn requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulpipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Desi diameter vertical pipe for high temperature-construction joints tight; And large 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for –>100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ jointspanels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice,ailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protectionhook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook n-on construction, ondiameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulati-secondary pollution of largeprone heater, channel area of -ictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollutioneach piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is str 17