UPnP Device Architecture

UPnP Device ArchitectureUPnP Device Architecture Networking is easy, except…Networking is easy, except… Ad hoc networks don't have resources just for the sake of the network E.g., DHCP, DNS, directory, … Network is unreliable Nodes added / removed unpredictably Programs need to talk to programs But software is heterogeneous One size doesn't fit all Must upgrade system piece at a time UPnP StrategyUPnP Strategy 1. Just send data over the network  (No executables)  Minimize version issues  Minimize security issues 2. Keep implementation private  Be agnostic re: programming language, OS  Update implementation w/o affecting interop  Improve performance  Reduce footprint  Improve capabilities 3. Agree on meaning / format of data  Choose substrate of proven protocols  Define device (service) specific protocols in a Forum UPnP TacticsUPnP Tactics Start simple Build in only universal things that everybody needs (and can live with) Add as needed Minimize requirements Basic IP network connectivity Common HTTP protocol stack Leverage existing standards HTTP, XML GoalsGoals Describe the protocols for communication between Control points Controller, usually client Device Controlled, usually server An actual device might contain both functions DeviceDeviceDevice ServiceServiceService Control PointControl PointControl Point Control PointControl PointControl Point DeviceDeviceDevice ServiceServiceService Steps to UPnP NetworkingSteps to UPnP Networking 0 Control point and device get addresses 1 Control point finds interesting device 2 Control point learns about device capabilities 3 Control point invokes actions on device 4 Control point listens to state changes of device 5 Control point controls device and/or views device status using HTML UI 0 Addressing0 Addressing 1 Discovery1 Discovery 2 Description2 Description 5 Presentation5 Presentation4 Eventing4 Eventing3 Control3 Control Vendor-specific API above Vendor-specific OS below UPnP Protocol StackUPnP Protocol Stack V e n d o r - s p e c i f i c p h y s i c a l n e t UPnP Device ArchitectureUPnP Device ArchitectureUPnP Device Architecture UDPUDPUDP IPIPIP HTTPU/MUHTTPU/MUHTTPU/MU GENAGENAGENA SSDPSSDPSSDP SOAPSOAPSOAP HTTPHTTPHTTP HTTPHTTPHTTP GENAGENAGENA TCPTCPTCP UPnP ForumUPnP ForumUPnP Forum UPnP vendorUPnP vendorUPnP vendor Steps to UPnP NetworkingSteps to UPnP Networking 0* Control point and device get addresses 1 Control point finds interesting device 2 Control point learns about device capabilities 3 Control point invokes actions on device 4 Control point listens to state changes of device 5 Control point controls device and/or views device status using HTML UI 0* Addressing0* Addressing 1 Discovery1 Discovery 2 Description2 Description 5 Presentation5 Presentation4 Eventing4 Eventing3 Control3 Control 0 Addressing0 Addressing Control point and device get address Use a DHCP server Else use Auto IP What is Auto IP? IETF Draft Automatically Choosing an IP Address in an Ad-Hoc IPv4 Network What steps does it take? Pick an address in 169.254/16 range Check to see if it is used (ARP) Periodically check for DHCP server Steps to UPnP NetworkingSteps to UPnP Networking 0 Control point and device get addresses 1* Control point finds interesting device 2 Control point learns about device capabilities 3 Control point invokes actions on device 4 Control point listens to state changes of device 5 Control point controls device and/or views device status using HTML UI 0 Addressing0 Addressing 1* Discovery1* Discovery 2 Description2 Description 5 Presentation5 Presentation4 Eventing4 Eventing3 Control3 Control 1 Discovery1 Discovery  Control point finds interesting device  0 get address  1 discover device  Advertise / find typed devices (services)  Guarantee of minimal capabilities  Simple Devices Advertise when added Refresh advertisements (cf. lease) Cancel advertisements when removed Control points search as needed Devices respond Control points filter 1 Discovery: Protocol Stack1 Discovery: Protocol Stack UPnP vendorUPnP vendorUPnP vendor UPnP ForumUPnP ForumUPnP Forum UPnP Device ArchitectureUPnP Device ArchitectureUPnP Device Architecture UDPUDPUDP IPIPIP HTTPMU (multicast) HTTPMUHTTPMU (multicast)(multicast) GENA GENAGENA SSDPSSDPSSDP HTTPU (unicast) HTTPUHTTPU (unicast)(unicast) SSDP SSDPSSDP 1 Discovery: SSDP Sidebar1 Discovery: SSDP Sidebar What is SSDP? IETF Draft Simple Service Discovery Protocol Key design principles Administratively-scoped multicast Unicast responses UDP Very simple advertisements Very simple search 1 Discovery: Advertising1 Discovery: Advertising  Who? Device multicasts  When? Added or refresh (cf. lease)  What?  1 time / service type with NT == service type  1 time / device type with NT == device type  1 time / device with NT == device UUID  1 time with NT == upnp:rootdeviceupnp:rootdevice NOTIFY * HTTP/1.1 HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900 NOTIFY * HTTP/1.1 HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900 CACHE-CONTROL: max-age = seconds until advertisement expires LOCATION: URL for UPnP description for root device NT: search target NTS: ssdp:alive USN: advertisement UUID 1 Discovery: Searching1 Discovery: Searching  Who? Control point multicasts  When? Looking for device or service  What?  ST one of  Service type  Device type  Device UUID  upnp:rootdeviceupnp:rootdevice  ssdp:allssdp:all M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1 HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900 M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1 HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900 MAN: "ssdp:discover" MX: seconds to delay response ST: search target 1 Discovery: Responding1 Discovery: Responding Who? Device unicasts When? If ST matches an NT What? 1 time for each NT that matches Very simple matching HTTP/1.1 200 OK CACHE-CONTROL: max-age = seconds until advertisement expires HTTP/1.1 200 OK CACHE-CONTROL: max-age = seconds until advertisement expires LOCATION: URL for UPnP description for root device ST: search target USN: advertisement UUID Steps to UPnP NetworkingSteps to UPnP Networking 0 Control point and device get addresses 1 Control point finds interesting device 2* Control point learns about device capabilities 3 Control point invokes actions on device 4 Control point listens to state changes of device 5 Control point controls device and/or views device status using HTML UI 0 Addressing0 Addressing 1 Discovery1 Discovery 2* Description2* Description 5 Presentation5 Presentation4 Eventing4 Eventing3 Control3 Control 2 Description2 Description  Control point learns about device capabilities  0 get address  1 discover device get URL for description  2 retrieve descr get URL for service description  Declare capabilities  Protocol stack UPnP vendorUPnP vendorUPnP vendor UPnP ForumUPnP ForumUPnP Forum UPnP Device ArchitectureUPnP Device ArchitectureUPnP Device Architecture IPIPIP HTTPHTTPHTTP TCPTCPTCP 2 Description2 Description  Device description  Type  Physical container  Logical container For each service Type URL for description URL for control URL for eventing  UI  Icons URL for presentation  Services  Functional units within devices  Service description Actions State variables Actual (vs. designed) implementation  Expressed in XML 2 Description: XML Sidebar2 Description: XML Sidebar  What is XML?  W3C Recommendation Extensible Markup Language  "Universal format for structured documents and data on the Web." Field names in Field values between names  Defines 24 data types ui1, ui2, ui4, i1, i2, i4, int  r4, r8, number, fixed.14.4, float char, string date, dateTime, dateTime.tz, time, time.tz boolean bin.base64, bin.hex uri uuid 2 Description: Device (phys)2 Description: Device (phys) base URL for all relative URLs short user-friendly title manufacturer name URL to manufacturer site long user-friendly title model name model number URL to model site manufacturer's serial number uuid:UUID Universal Product Code urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:deviceType urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:serviceType:v urn:upnp-org:serviceId:serviceID URL to service description URL for control URL for eventing Declarations for other services (if any) go here Description of embedded devices (if any) go here image/format horizontal pixels vertical pixels color depth URL to icon XML to declare other icons, if any, go here URL for presentation 1 0 base URL for all relative URLs short user-friendly title manufacturer name URL to manufacturer site long user-friendly title model name model number URL to model site manufacturer's serial number uuid:UUID Universal Product Code urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:deviceType urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:serviceType:v urn:upnp-org:serviceId:serviceID URL to service description URL for control URL for eventing Declarations for other services (if any) go here Description of embedded devices (if any) go here image/format horizontal pixels vertical pixels color depth URL to icon XML to declare other icons, if any, go here URL for presentation 1 0 2 Description: Device (logical)2 Description: Device (logical) base URL for all relative URLs short user-friendly title manufacturer name URL to manufacturer site long user-friendly title model name model number URL to model site manufacturer's serial number uuid:UUID Universal Product Code urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:deviceType :v urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:serviceType:v urn:upnp-org:serviceId:serviceID URL to service description URL for control URL for eventing Declarations for other services (if any) go here Description of embedded devices (if any) go here image/format horizontal pixels vertical pixels color depth URL to icon XML to declare other icons, if any, go here URL for presentation 1 0 base URL for all relative URLs short user-friendly title manufacturer name URL to manufacturer site long user-friendly title model name model number URL to model site manufacturer's serial number uuid:UUID Universal Product Code urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:deviceType :v urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:serviceType:v urn:upnp-org:serviceId:serviceID URL to service description URL for control URL for eventing Declarations for other services (if any) go here Description of embedded devices (if any) go here image/format horizontal pixels vertical pixels color depth URL to icon XML to declare other icons, if any, go here URL for presentation 1 0 2 Description: Device (other)2 Description: Device (other) base URL for all relative URLs short user-friendly title manufacturer name URL to manufacturer site long user-friendly title model name model number URL to model site manufacturer's serial number uuid:UUID Universal Product Code urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:deviceType urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:serviceType:v urn:upnp-org:serviceId:serviceID URL to service description URL for control URL for eventing Declarations for other services (if any) go here Description of embedded devices (if any) go here image/format horizontal pixels vertical pixels color depth URL to icon XML to declare other icons, if any, go here URL for presentation 1 0 base URL for all relative URLs short user-friendly title manufacturer name URL to manufacturer site long user-friendly title model name model number URL to model site manufacturer's serial number uuid:UUID Universal Product Code urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:deviceType urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:serviceType:v urn:upnp-org:serviceId:serviceID URL to service description URL for control URL for eventing Declarations for other services (if any) go here Description of embedded devices (if any) go here image/format horizontal pixels vertical pixels color depth URL to icon XML to declare other icons, if any, go here URL for presentation 1 0 2 Description: Service (actns)2 Description: Service (actns) actionName formalParameterName in xor out stateVariableName Declarations for other arguments (if any) go here Declarations for other actions (if any) go here variableName variable datatype default value minimum value maximum value increment value variableName variable data type default value some value some value Declarations for other state variables (if any) go here 1 0 actionName formalParameterName in xor out stateVariableName Declarations for other arguments (if any) go here Declarations for other actions (if any) go here variableName variable datatype default value minimum value maximum value increment value variableName variable data type default value some value some value Declarations for other state variables (if any) go here 1 0 2 Description: Service (vars)2 Description: Service (vars) actionName<