ISO14001标准

ISO14001 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ─中英文对比版─〔教育训练用〕版次﹕1.0发行日期﹕中华民国86年9月4日Contents1Scope2Normativereferences3Definitions4Environmentalmanagementsystemrequirements4.1Generalrequirements4.2Environmentalpolicy4.3Planning4.3.1Environmentalaspects4.3.2Legalandotherrequirements4.3.3Objectivesandtargets4.3.4Environmentalmanagementprogramme(s)4.4Implementationandoperation4.4.1Structureandresponsibility4.4.2Training,awarenessandcompetence4.4.3Communication4.4.4Environmentalmanagementsystemdocumentation名目前言简介1适用范畴2引用标准3定义4环境治理系统要求事项4.1一样要求事项4.2环境政策4.3规划4.3.1环境考量面4.3.2法令规章及其它要求事项4.3.3目标与标的4.3.4环境治理 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 4.4实施与运作4.4.1架构与责任4.4.2训练、认知及能力4.4.3沟通4.4.4环境治理系统之文件化4.4.5Documentcontrol4.4.6Operationalcontrol4.4.7Emergencypreparednessandresponse4.5Checkingandcorrectiveaction4.5.1Monitoringandmeasurement4.5.2Nonconformanceandcorrectiveandpreventiveaction4.5.3Records4.5.4Environmentalmanagementsystemaudit4.6ManagementreviewAnnexAGuidanceontheuseofthespecificationBLinksbetweenISO14001andISO9000CBibliography4.4.5文件管制4.4.6作业管制4.4.7紧急事件预备与应变4.5检查与矫正措施4.5.1监督与量测4.5.2不符合、矫正及预防措施4.5.3纪录4.5.4环境治理系统之稽核4.6治理阶层审查附录附录A本规范之使用指引附录BCNS14001与CNS12681(ISO9001)间之关连附录C参考资料ForwardISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnongovernmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting.PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatlease75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote.前言本标准系由本局化学工业类国家标准起草委员会始于民国八十四年七月着手研拟，并随ISO14001DIS草案同步起草，最后依据1996年第一版发行之ISO14001Environmentalmanagementsystems-Specificationwithguidanceforuse国际标准不予变更技术 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 及其标准格式，制定为中国国家标准者。有关该国际标准之制定通过如下:国际标准化组织(ISO)是由各国国家标准团体(ISO会员团体)所组成的世界性联盟。各种国际标准的拟订由ISO之各技术委员会执行。每一会员团体关于所设立的技术委员会之主 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 有爱好时，皆有权派代表参加委员会。各官方与非官方之国际组织而为ISO之联系团体者，亦得参与其工作。ISO与国际电工委员会(IEC)紧密地合作研究所有电工技术标准化事务。依照ISO程序规定，凡为技术委员会同意的国际标准草案，将分发至各会员团体表决，须经至少75%参与表决之会员团体赞成始得公布为国际标准。InternationalStandardISO14001waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC207,Environmentalmanagement,SubcommitteeSC1,EnvironmentalManagementsystems.AnnexesA,BandCofthisInternationalStandardareforinformationonly.国际标准ISO14001由ISO/TC207环境治理技术委员会下所属SCI环境治理系统分科委员会所拟订。本标准之附录A，B，C仅供参考INTRODUCTIONOrganizationsofallkindsareincreasinglyconcernedtoachieveanddemonstratesoundenvironmentalperformancebycontrollingtheimpactoftheiractivities,productsorservicesontheenvironment,takingintoaccounttheirenvironmentalpolicyandobjectives.Theydosointhecontextofincreasinglystringentlegislation,thedevelopmentofeconomicpoliciesandothermeasurestofosterenvironmentalprotection,andageneralgrowthofconcernfrominterestedpartiesaboutenvironmentalmattersincludingsustainabledevelopment.Manyorganizationshaveundertakenenvironmental"reviews"or"audits"toassesstheirenvironmentalperformance.Ontheirown,however,these"reviews"and"audits"maynotbesufficienttoprovideanorganizationwiththeassurancethatitsperformancenotonlymeets,butwillcontinuetomeet,itslegalandpolicyrequirements.Tobeeffective,theyneedtobeconductedwithinastructuredmanagementsystemandintegratedwithoverallmanagementactivity.简介各组织日益关怀如何藉由操纵其作业活动、产品或服务对环境所造成的冲击将其纳入环境政策与目标之考量，以达到并展现良好的环境绩效。他们之因此如此做是基于法令的规定越来越严格、强调环境爱护的经济政策和其它措施相继推展、且各利害相关者关于包括永续进展在内之各种环境事务的关怀与日俱增。许多组织都差不多采行环境「审查」或「稽核」来评估其环境绩效。然而，仅藉这些「审查」或「稽核」，并不足以确保其环境绩效能够达到，而且连续达到法规与政策的要求。为能有效，这些 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 必须在通过结构化的治理系统中加以应用，并纳入整体的治理活动之中。Internationalenvironmentalmanagementstandardsareintendedtoprovideorganizationswiththeelementsofaneffectiveenvironmentalmanagementsystemwhichcanbeintegratedwithothermanagementrequirements,toassistorganizationstoachieveenvironmentalandeconomicgoals.Thesestandards,likeotherinternationalstandards,arenotintendedtobeusedtocreatenon-tarifftradebarriersortoincreaseorchangeanorganization'slegalobligations.ThisInternationalStandardspecifiestherequirementsofsuchanenvironmentalmanagementsystem.Ithasbeenwrittentobeapplicabletoalltypesandsizesoforganizationsandtoaccommodatediversegeographical,culturalandsocialconditions.ThebasisoftheapproachisshowninFigure1.Thesuccessofthesystemdependsoncommitmentfromalllevelsandfunctions,especiallyfromtopmanagement.Asystemofthiskindenablesanorganizationtoestablish,andassesstheeffectivenessof,procedurestosetanenvironmentalpolicyandobjectives,achieveconformancewiththem,anddemonstratesuchconformancetoothers.Theoverallaimofthestandardistosupportenvironmentalprotectionandpreventionofpollutioninbalancewithsocio-economicneeds.Itshouldbenotedthatmanyoftherequirementsmaybeaddressedconcurrentlyorrevisitedatanytime.环境治理标准系用以提供各组织一个有效能的环境治理系统要项，这些要项能够与其它治理要求互相整合，进而协助各组织达成环保与经济的各项目标。这些标准与其它的标准一样，本意都不是被用来制造非关税贸易障碍，或增加与改变组织的法律责任。本标准规范了上述环境治理系统的各项要求。本标准适用于各种类型和规模的组织，且能适应各种不同的地理、文化及社会条件。这套做法的差不多理念如图一所示。此系统的成功取决于各层级与部门所做之承诺，专门是最高治理阶层的。这种系统能够协助组织建立制定环境政策与目标之程序并评鉴其效能，以达到符合政策与目标的要求，且将成果展现他人。本标准之整体目的是在兼顾社会与经济需求的情形下，做好环境爱护与污染预防的工作。值得注意的是，本标准中之许多要求得同时提出或随时调整。Thereisanimportantdistinctionbetweenthisspecificationwhichdescribestherequirementsforcertification/registrationand/orself-declarationofanorganization'senvironmentalmanagementsystemandanon-certifiableguidelineintendedtoprovidegenericassistancetoanorganizationforimplementingorimprovinganenvironmentalmanagementsystem.Environmentalmanagementencompassesafullrangeofissuesincludingthosewithstrategicandcompetitiveimplications.Demonstrationofsuccessfulimplementationofthestandardcanbeusedbyanorganizationtoassureinterestedpartiesthatanappropriateenvironmentalmanagementsystemisinplace.Guidanceonsupportingenvironmentalmanagementtechniqueswillbecontainedinotherinternationalstandards.Thisinternationalstandardiscontainsonlythoserequirementsthatmaybeobjectivelyauditedforcertification/registrationpurposesand/orselfdeclarationpurposes.ThoseorganizationsrequiringmoregeneralguidanceonabroadrangeofenvironmentalmanagementsystemissuesshouldrefertoISO14004,"Environmentalmanagementsystems-Generalguidelinesonprinciples,systemsandsupportingtechniques".本规范说明了组织之环境治理系统于验证/登录与〔或〕自行宣告时所依照的要求，与仅提供组织实施或改进环境治理系统之一样性协助的、非验证使用的指导纲要有着重要的区别。环境治理包括范畴甚广，其中也包括了和策略性与竞争性有关的议题。一个组织假如能够展现出其成功地实施本标准，将可取信于各利害相关者，证明该组织的确具有适当的环境治理系统。有关环境治理支持技术的相关指引，将包含于其它的标准中。本标准只包括能够进行客观稽核的要求事项，以作为验证/登录与(或)自行宣告的依据。组织期望获得各种环境治理系统相关问题之通用指引时，须参考CNS14004「环境治理系统原那么、系统及支持技术之一样指导纲要」。Itshouldbenotedthatthisstandarddoesnotestablishabsoluterequirementsforenvironmentalperformancebeyondcommitment,inthepolicy,tocompliancewithapplicablelegislationandregulationsandtocontinualimprovement.Thus,twoorganizationscarryingoutsimilaractivitiesbuthavingdifferentenvironmentalperformancemaybothcomplywithitsrequirements.Theadoptionandimplementationofarangeofenvironmentalmanagementtechniquesinasystematicmannercancontributetooptimaloutcomesforallinterestedparties.However,adoptionofthisspecificationwillnotinitselfguaranteeoptimalenvironmentaloutcomes.Inordertoachieveenvironmentalobjectives,theenvironmentalmanagementsystemshouldencourageorganizationstoconsiderimplementationofbestavailabletechnologywhereappropriateandwhereeconomicallyviable.Inaddition,thecosteffectivenessofsuchtechnologyshouldbefullytakenintoaccount.Thisinternationalstandardisnotintendedtoaddress,anddoesnotincluderequirementsforaspectsofoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagement;howeveritdoesnotseektodiscourageanorganizationfromdevelopingintegrationofsuchmanagementsystemelements.Neverthelessthecertification/registrationprocesswillonlybeapplicabletotheenvironmentalmanagementsystemaspects值得注意的是，本标准除了规范组织要在政策中承诺遵守相关法令规章并追求连续改善之外，并没有订定超出承诺之外对环境绩效的绝对要求。因此，两个作业活动类似但环境绩效不同的组织，均可能符合其各自的要求。有系统地采纳并实施各种环境治理技术，有助于产生各利害相关者最中意的结果。然而，仅采纳本标准，并不足以保证其一定能够得到最正确的环保成果。为了达成环境目标，环境治理系统的设计须能鼓舞组织在合乎经济可行的情形下，适度地采纳现有最正确技术(Bestavailabletechnology)。此外，此类技术的成本效益也须充分地加以考虑。本标准的用意不在讨论职业安全与卫生治理，并没有包含其相关的要求，但这并不代表本标准不鼓舞组织在治理系统中结合这方面的要项。只是，依照本标准所进行的验证/登录过程，将仅应用至环境治理系统的考量面。ThisinternationalstandardsharescommonmanagementsystemprincipleswiththeISO9000seriesofqualitysystemstandards.OrganizationsmayelecttouseanexistingmanagementsystemconsistentwiththeISO9000seriesasabasisforitsenvironmentalmanagementsystem.Itshouldbeunderstoodhowever,thattheapplicationofvariouselementsofthemanagementsystemmaydifferduetodifferentpurposesanddifferentinterestedparties.Whilequalitymanagementsystemsdealwithcustomerneeds,environmentalmanagementsystemsaddresstheneedsofabroadrangeofinterestedpartiesandtheevolvingneedsofsocietyforenvironmentalprotection.Theenvironmentalmanagementsystemrequirementsspecifiedinthisstandarddonotneedtobeestablishedindependentlyofexistingmanagementsystemelements.Insomecasesitwillbepossibletocomplywiththerequirementsbyadaptingexistingmanagementsystemelements.本标准与CNS12680(ISO9000)系列的品管系统标准采纳相同的治理系统原那么。组织在进展环境治理系统时，能够选择与CNS12680系列之规定一致的既有治理系统做为基础。只是，治理系统中各种要项的应用方式，会随着不同之目的和不同的利害相关者而异。品质治理系统要紧是处理客户的需求，然而环境治理系统那么必须同时兼顾各种利害相关者的广泛需求，同时满足社会上对环境爱护的最新诉求。本标准中所界定的环境治理系统要求，不需独立于既有的治理系统要项之外。在有些状况下，藉由既有的治理系统要项稍加调整，即可符合相关的要求事项。ISO14001ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS─SPECIFICATIONWITHGUIDANCEFORUSE1SCOPEThisInternationalStandardspecifiesrequirementsforanenvironmentalmanagementsystem,toenableanorganizationtoformulateapolicyandobjectivestakingintoaccountlegislativerequirementsandinformationaboutsignificantenvironmentalimpacts.Itappliestothoseenvironmentalaspectswhichtheorganizationcancontrolandoverwhichitcanbeexpectedtohaveaninfluence.Itdoesnotitselfstatespecificenvironmentalperformancecriteria.ThisInternationalStandardisapplicabletoanyorganizationthatwishesto:a)implement,maintainandimproveanenvironmentalmanagementsystem;b)assureitselfofitsconformancewithitsstatedenvironmentalpolicy;c)demonstratesuchconformancetoothers;d)seekcertification/registrationofitsenvironmentalmanagementsystembyanexternalorganization;e)makeaselfdeterminationanddeclarationofconformancewiththestandard.ISO14001境治理系统－规格及指导纲要1适用范畴本标准规定环境治理系统的要求，使组织能够考虑法令规定和重大的环境冲击等相关信息而拟订环境政策和目标。此标准适用于组织能够操纵以及预期能有阻碍的环境考量面。它本身并没有陈述特定的环境绩效准那么。本标准适用于任何期望做到以下各事项的组织：a〕实施、坚持及改进环境治理系统；b〕确保其符合本身宣告的环境政策；c〕向他人展现其符合性；d〕寻求由外部组织对本身的环境治理系统给予验证/登录；e〕由本身进行符合本标准的自行评定与宣告。Alltherequirementsinthestandardareintendedtobeincorporatedintoanyenvironmentalmanagementsystem.Theextentoftheapplicationwilldependonsuchfactorsastheenvironmentalpolicyoftheorganization,thenatureofitsactivitiesandtheconditionsinwhichitoperates.Thisstandardalsoprovides,inannexA,informativeguidanceontheuseofthespecification.ThescopeofanyISO14001applicationmustbeclearlyidentified.NOTE-Foreaseofuse,thesubclauseofthespecificationandannexAhaverelatednumbers;thus,forexample,4.3.3andA3..3bothdealwithenvironmentalobjectivesandtargets,and4.5.4andA.5.4bothdealwithenvironmentalmanagementsystemaudit.2NORMATIVEREFERENCESTherearenoNormativeReferencesatpresent.本标准的所有要求项目均可纳入任何环境治理系统中。至于实际应用的程度，那么必须依照组织的环境政策、作业活动性质以及作业条件等因素来决定。本标准也在附录A中提供应用本规范的参考性指引。任何应用本标准之范畴必须清晰界定。备考：为了便于使用，规范本文和附录A的要紧条文之间采纳了相对应的编号方式：例如4.3.3节与A.3.3节差不多上讨论环境目标和标的之问题，而4.5.4节与A.5.4节那么皆与环境治理系统稽核有关。2引用标准目前无引用标准3DEFINITIONSForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thefollowingdefinitionsapply:3.1continualimprovementProcessofenhancingtheenvironmentalmanagementsystemtoachieveimprovementsinoverallenvironmentalperformanceinlinewiththeorganization'senvironmentalpolicy.Note-Theprocessneednottakeplaceinallareasofactivitysimultaneously.3.2environmentSurroundingsinwhichanorganizationoperates,includingair,water,land,naturalresources,flora,fauna,humans,andtheirinterrelation.Note-Surroundingsinthiscontextextendfromwithinanorganizationtotheglobalsystem.3.3environmentalaspectElementofanorganization'sactivities,productsorserviceswhichcaninteractwiththeenvironment.Note-Asignificantenvironmentalaspectisanenvironmentalaspectwhichhasorcanhaveasignificantenvironmentalimpact.3定义本标准采纳以下各项定义：3.1连续改善遵循组织本身的环境政策，改进整体的环境绩效进而提升环境治理系统之过程。备考：此过程并不需要同时在所有的活动中进行。3.2环境组织作业所在的外围环境，包括空气、水、土地、自然资源、植物、动物、人类、以及其间的互动关系。备考：依照此定义之外围环境乃从组织的内部延伸到全球的生态系统。3.3环境考量面组织的作业活动、产品或服务中会和环境产生互动的要项。备考：重大的环境考量面系指会有或可能有重大环境冲击之环境考量面。3.4environmentalimpactAnychangetotheenvironment,whetheradverseorbeneficial,whollyorpartiallyresultingfromanorganization'sactivities,productsorservices.3.5environmentalmanagementsystemThepartoftheoverallmanagementsystemthatincludesorganizationalstructure,planningactivities,responsibilities,practices,procedures,processesandresourcesfordeveloping,implementing,achieving,reviewing,andmaintainingtheenvironmentalpolicy.3.6environmentalmanagementsystemauditSystematicanddocumentedverificationprocessofobjectivelyobtainingandevaluatingevidencetodeterminewhetherandorganization'senvironmentalmanagementsystemconformstotheenvironmentalmanagementsystemauditcriteriasetbytheorganization,andforcommunicationoftheresultsofthisprocesstomanagement.3.7environmentalobjectiveOverallenvironmentalgoal,arisingfromtheenvironmentalpolicy,thatanorganizationsetsitselftoachieve,andwhichisquantifiedwherepracticable.3.4环境冲击任何可完全或部分归因于组织的活动、产品或服务对环境产生之有利或不利的改变。3.5环境治理系统系组织整体治理系统之一部份，用以建立、实施、达成、审查及坚持环境政策，其内容包括组织架构、规划作业、责任、实务、程序、过程及资源。3.6环境治理系统稽核系一种系统化与文件化之查证过程，藉由客观方式取得并评估证据，以决定组织的环境治理系统是否符合环境治理系统的稽核准那么，且将此过程之结果传达予治理阶层。3.7环境目标组织依照本身的环境政策所设定欲达成之整体环境目的，同时尽可能的予以量化。3.8environmentalperformanceMeasurableresultsoftheenvironmentalmanagementsystem,relatedtoanorganization'scontrolofitsenvironmentalaspects,basedonitsenvironmentalpolicy,objectivesandtargets.3.9environmentalpolicyStatementbytheorganizationofitsintentionsandprinciplesinrelationtoitsoverallenvironmentalperformancewhichprovidesaframeworkforactionandforthesettingofitsenvironmentalobjectivesandtargets.3.10environmentaltargetDetailedperformancerequirement,quantifiedwherepracticable,applicabletotheorganizationorpartsthereof,thatarisesfromtheenvironmentalobjectivesandthatneedstobesetandmetinordertoachievethoseobjectives.3.11interestedpartyIndividualorgroupconcernedwithoraffectedbytheenvironmentalperformanceofanorganization.3.12organizationCompany,corporation,firm,enterprise,authorityorinstitution,orpartorcombinationthereof,whetherincorporatedornot,publicorprivate,thathasitsownfunctionsandadministration.3.8环境绩效组织的环境治理系统依照环境政策、目标及标的操纵其环境考量面所获得之可量测结果。3.9环境政策组织陈述本身对其整体环境绩效的期许与原那么之声明文件，并据此提供行动架构以及设定环境目标与标的。3.10环境标的依照组织本身的环境目标所需设定与达成的详细且尽可能量化的绩效要求事项，用以施行于组织之全部或部份，以利达成前述的环境目标。3.11利害相关者对组织之环境绩效关怀或受其阻碍的个人或团体。3.12组织有自身之功能与行政治理的公有或民营、独立或合股的各类型公司、行号、企业体、机关、机构，或者以上各团体的其中之一部分或组合谓之。NOTE-Fororganizationswithmorethanoneoperatingunit,asingleoperatingunitmaybedefinedasanorganization.3.13preventionofpollutionUseofprocesses,practices,materialsorproductsthatavoid,reduceorcontrolpollution,whichmayincluderecycling,treatment,processchanges,controlmechanisms,efficientuseofresourceandmaterialsubstitution.NOTE-Thepotentialbenefitsofpreventionofpollutionincludethereductionofadverseenvironmentalimpacts,improvedefficiencyandreducedcosts.4ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMREQUIREMENTS4.1GeneralrequirementsTheorganizationshallestablishandmaintainanenvironmentalmanagementsystem,therequirementsofwhicharedescribesinthewholeofclause4.4.2EnvironmentalpolicyTopmanagementshalldefinetheorganization'senvironmentalpolicyandensurethatit:a)isappropriatetothenature,scaleandenvironmentalimpactsofitsactives,productsorservices;备考：组织中有一个以上的营运单位者，其单一的营运单位也可定义为一个组织。3.13污染之预防采纳能够幸免、减少或操纵污染之制程、操作实务、物料或产品，可包括回收再利用、处理、制程改变、操纵机制、有效率地使用资源以及物料替代等。备考：污染预防的潜在效益包括减少不利之环境冲击、提升效率及降低成本。4环境治理系统要求事项4.1一样要求事项组织应建立并坚持一个环境治理系统，本(4)节将说明此种系统的要求。4.2环境政策最高主管应界定组织的环境政策，并确认该政策：a〕对组织之活动、产品或服务的性质、规模及环境冲击是合宜的；b)includesacommitmenttocontinualimprovementandpreventionofpollution;c)includesacommitmenttocomplywithrelevantenvironmentallegislationandregulations,andwithotherrequirementstowhichtheorganizationsubscribes;d)providestheframeworkforsettingandreviewingenvironmentalobjectivesandtargets;e)isdocumented,implementedandmaintainedandcommunicatedtoallemployees;f)isavailabletothepublic.4.3Planning4.3.1EnvironmentalaspectsTheorganizationshallestablishandmaintain(a)procedure(s)toidentifytheenvironmentalaspectsofitsactives,productsorservicesthatitcancontrolandoverwhichitcanbeexpectedtohaveaninfluence,inordertodeterminethosewhichhaveorcanhavesignificantimpactsontheenvironment.Theorganizationshallensurethattheaspectsrelatedtothesesignificantimpactsareconsideredinsettingitsenvironmentobjectives.Theorganizationshallkeepthisinformationup-to-date.b〕包括对连续改善和污染预防之承诺；c〕包括对符合相关的环保法令规章以及组织须遵守的其它要求事项之承诺；d〕提供一架构以设定与审查环境目标与标的；e〕己文件化、并实施、坚持、及传达给所有的职员；f〕可向社会大众公布。4.3规划4.3.1环境考量面组织应建立并坚持一个或多个程序以鉴别其能够操纵以及预期能有阻碍的活动、产品或服务之环境考量面，藉以判定其中差不多或者可能会对环境造成重大冲击者。组织在设定本身的环境目标时，应确认已将与这些重大冲击相关的环境考量面纳入考虑。组织应保持此项信息之更新。4.3.2LegalandotherrequirementsTheorganizationshallestablishandmaintainaproceduretoidentifyandhaveaccesstolegal,andotherrequirementstowhichtheorganizationsubscribes,thatareapplicabletotheenvironmentalaspectsofitsactivities,productsorservices.4.3.3ObjectivesandtargetsTheorganizationshallestablishandmaintaindocumentedenvironmentalobjectivesandtargets,ateachrelevantfunctionandlevelwithintheorganization.Whenestablishingandreviewingitsobjectives,anorganizationshallconsiderthelegalandotherrequirements,itssignificantenvironmentalaspects,itstechnologicaloptionsanditsfinancial,operationalandbusinessrequirements,andtheviewsofinterestedparties.Theobjectivesandtargetsshallbeconsistentwiththeenvironmentalpolicy,includingthecommitmenttopreventionofpollution.4.3.4Environmentalmanagementprogramme(s)Theorganizationshallestablishandmaintain(a)programme(s)forachievingitsobjectivesandtargets.Itshallinclude:4.3.2法令规章与其它要求事项组织应建立并坚持一程序，以鉴别并取得与本身之活动、产品或服务之环境考量面有关，且须遵守的一切法令规章与其它要求事项。4.3.3目标和标的组织于内部各个相关部门与阶层，应建立并坚持其文件化的环境目标和标的。在建立与审查环境目标时，组织应考虑到法令规章与其它相关要求事项，本身重大的环境考量面，技术面取舍与财务、作业及业务等要求事项，以及利害相关者的观点。环境目标与标的应与环境政策一致，包括对污染预防的承诺。4.3.4环境治理方案组织应制定并坚持一个或多个治理方案，以达成其环境目标和标的。方案中应包括：a)designationofresponsibilityforachievingobjectivesandtargetsateachrelevantfunctionandleveloftheorganization;b)themeansandtime-framebywhichtheyaretobeachieved.Ifaprojectrelatestonewdevelopmentsandnewormodifiedactivities,productsorservices,programme(s)shallbeamendedwhererelevanttoensurethatenvironmentalmanagementappliestosuchprojects.4.4Implementationandoperation4.4.1StructureandresponsibilityRoles,responsibilityandauthoritiesshallbedefined,documentedandcommunicatedinordertofacilitateeffectiveenvironmentalmanagement.Managementshallprovideresourcesessentialtotheimplementationandcontroloftheenvironmentalmanagementsystem.Resourcesincludehumanresourcesandspecializedskills,technologyandfinancialresources.Theorganization'stopmanagementshallappoint(a)specificmanagementrepresentative(s)who,irrespectiveofotherresponsibilities,shallhavedefinedroles,responsibilitiesandauthorityfor:a〕组织内各个相关部门与阶层为达成环境目标与标的之权责分工；b〕达成目标与标的之方法和时程。假设一项目打算与新开发案及新的或已修正的活动、产品或服务有关时，也应修订环境管方案，以确认环境治理也可适用于此项目计画。4.4实施与运作4.4.1架构及责任为了达成有效的环境治理，对角色、责任及权限应加以界定、文件化及宣导沟通。治理阶层应提供实施与管制环境治理系统所需要的资源，包括人力资源、专门技能、技术及财务的资源。组织的高阶主管应指派一个或多个特定之治理代表，这些人于原有职责外，应界定其角色、责任及权限以进行以下任务：a)ensuringthatenvironmentalmanagementsystemrequirementsareestablished,implementedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththisstandard;b)reportingontheperformanceoftheenvironmentalmanagementsystemtotopmanagementforreviewandasabasisforimprovementoftheenvironmentalmanagementsystem.4.4.2Training,awarenessandcompetenceTheorganizationshallidentifytrainingneeds.Itshallrequirethatallpersonnelwhoseworkmaycreateasignificantimpactupontheenvironment,havereceivedappropriatetraining.Itshallestablishandmaintainprocedurestomakeitsemployeesormembersateachrelevantfunctionandlevelawareof:a)theimportanceofconformancewiththeenvironmentalpolicyandproceduresandwiththerequirementsoftheenvironmentalmanagementsystem;b)thesignificantenvironmentalimpacts,actualorpotential,oftheirworkactivitiesandtheenvironmentalbenefitsofimprovedpersonalperformance;a〕确认环境治理系统的各项要求系依照本标准而建立、实施及坚持的；b〕向高阶主管报告环境治理系统的绩效以供审查并做为改进环境治理系统之依据。4.4.2训练、认知及能力组织应确认训练需求，关于工作上可能会对环境产生重大冲击的每位职员应要求其同意合适之训练。组织应建立并坚持适当的程序，俾利各相关部门与阶层的人员具有以下之认知：a〕符合环境政策与程序以及环境治理系统之各项要求的重要性；b〕职员之作业活动对环境所造成之实际或潜在的重大环境冲击，以及提升个人绩效能够带来的环境效益；c)theirrolesandresponsibilitiesinachievingconformancewiththeenvironmentalpolicyandpro