Unit-2-Lessons-from-Jefferson

LOGOUnit2LessonsfromJeffersonCompanyLogoObama BarackObamaisthe44thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.HeisthefirstAfricanAmericantobePresident. ObamawasborninHawaiiin1961toablackKenyanfatherandwhiteAmericanmother. ObamataughtlawattheUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolfortwelveyears. In2004,ObamawaselectedasaU.S.Senator.Hemadehistoryin2008whenhewontheU.S.presidentialelection.Heisalsothewinnerofthe2009NobelPeacePrize.HewontheNobelPeacePrizeforhis"extraordinaryeffortstostrengtheninternationaldiplomacyandcooperationbetweenpeoples."www.themegallery.comFamousPresidentsinAmericanHistoryGeorgeWashingtonThefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Ledtheindependencewar.ThefatherofAmerica.AbrahamLincolnThesixteenthpresidentofAmerica.Firmlyopposednegroslaverysystem.WontheCivilWar.FranklinD.RooseveltThe32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStatesHeledAmericatoovercometheGreatDepressionbyhisNewDeal.TheonlyAmericanpresidenttoservemorethantwoterms.RichardMilhousNixonthe37thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesthefirstAmericanpresidenttovisitChina“Youareextendingyourhandacrossthevastestoceanoftheworld---noexchangebetweenourtwonationsfor25years.”ThomasJeffersonwww.themegallery.comCompanyLogo ThomasJefferson(1743-1826)isbestrememberedasagreatPresidentandastheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.Healsowonlastingfameasadiplomat,apoliticalthinker,andafounderoftheDemocraticParty.CompanyLogoCompanyLogoLifeStoryaboutThomasJeffersonThethirdpresidentinAmericanhistoryBornin1743,VirginiaHisfatherwasalargelandowner.HebegantolearnLatin,GreekandFrenchwhenhewasnine.In1776,hedraftedtheDeclarationofIndependence.In1800,hebecamethepresidentandservedfortwoterms.CompanyLogo ﹡ThomasJeffersonisbestrememberedasa__1__andastheauthorof__2__.Healsowonlastingfameasa__3__,a__4__,andafounderof__5__. ﹡Jefferson'sinterestsandtalents__6__anamazingrange.HebecameoneoftheleadingAmerican__7__ofhistimeanddesignedtheVirginiaCapitol,theUniversityofVirginia,andhisownhome,Monticello.Hegreatlyappreciated__8__and__9__andtriedtoencouragetheiradvancementintheUnitedStates. ListeningPracticewww.themegallery.comOneofthemostimportantdocumentsinthehistoryofAmerica.PublishedonJuly4,1776atthesecondContinentalCongress.Marksthebeginningofanewnation.July4hasbecometheNationalDay.RemarksfromDeclarationofIndependence Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainrights,thatamongthesearelife,libertyandpursuitofhappiness. 我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。I.QuestionsandAnswersWhyisThomasJeffersonlessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln? 2.WhydoweassociatethenameofThomasJeffersonwiththeDeclarationofIndependence?Washingtoniswell-knownforhisleadershipintheAmericanIndependenceWar.Lincolniswell-knownforhisroleinabolishingslaveryintheUnitedStates.HewasthewriteroftheDeclarationofIndependence.TextWhywasJeffersonchosentowritetheDeclarationofIndependence? 4.WhatwasJefferson’sattitudetowards“peopleofhumbleorigins”?Inadaywhenfewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder,hewentoutofhiswaytotalkwithgardeners,servants,andwaiters,lookedintotheircookingpotsandatetheirbread.Hewasagoodandtirelesswriterwhosecompleteworksfillmorethanfiftyvolumes. 5.Whydidheinsistuponhavingafreepress? 6.WhydoestheauthorsaythatAmericaneducationowesagreatdebttoThomasJefferson?BecauseJeffersonbelievedthatonlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremainfree.Afreepresscouldtellthetruth.II.AnalysisinDetailParagraph1AbriefintroductiontoThomasJefferson.Paragraphs2–8SomeideasandprinciplesgivenbyThomasJefferson.1.StructuralAnalysisParagraphs9–11HistalentsinmanyfieldsandhiscontributiontoUSA.StructureIntroduceThomasJeffersonGoandseeYoucanlearnfromeveryoneJudgeforyourselfDowhatyoubelieveisrightTrustthefuture;trusttheyoungHisgreatinfluenceonAmericaIntroductionBodyConclusionIII.Carefulreadingofpart2&3 hisattitudetoworking hisattitudetolearning   hisopiniononjudgment   hiswayofdoingthings    hisattitudetothefutureandtheyoung   hiscontributionstoUSA hisattitudetoworking  Attachimportancetopersonalinvestigation hisattitudetolearning  Learnfromordinarypeople. hisopiniononjudgment  Dependonone’sownjudgment. hiswayofdoingthings  Sticktoone’sownway.  hisattitudetothefutureandtheyoung  Beoptimisticaboutthefutureandtheyoung. hiscontributionstoUSA 1.anexpertinagriculture,archeologyandmedicine2.agoodandtirelesswriter3.amanwhomadegreatcontributiontoAmericaneducationIV.Discussion 1.WhatideaofJefferson’sdoyouappreciatemost? 2.Doyouthinktheyarestillofusetoustoday?Why?BruceBliven ThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence. AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:Goandsee.Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.www.themegallery.comCompanyLogosource:来源，发源地origin:起点，血统，出身，开端比较模糊The_______ofthecustomisunknown.We’llhavetofindanew_______ofincome.Lincolnisamanofhumble_________.origin source originCompanyLogowww.themegallery.comCompanyLogoPersonal:doneinpersonIshallgivethemattermypersonalattention.oforbelongtoapersonpersonalaffairpersonalattackCompanyLogo appointvt.任命,委派;约定 　　ElaineZhao,whowasappointedasSecretaryofLabor,isthefirstChineseinthecabinetoftheU.S.government.赵小兰被任命为美国劳工部部长,成为美国政府内阁成员中的第一位华裔. Let'sappointatimeforthemeeting.　　我们定个时间开会吧.Shewasappointedasournewmanager.　　Pattern:appointsb.asappointsb.(todo)sth.appointsb.to(ajob,post,position,etc.) appointmentn.约会,约定;任命,委派 Youshouldkeepanappointmentafteryoumakeit.约好了就要守约.1.会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。 Itwassuggestedatthemeetingthatacommitteeofelevenbeappointedtomakeanewconstitution.on-the-spota.attheplaceofactionLuckilytherewasadoctoronthespot. 这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。 Bymakingon-the-spotobservations,theyoungscientistsobtainedfirst-handinformationtheyneededintheirresearchwork.Youcanlearnfromeveryone.BybirthandbyeducationJeffersonbelongedtothehighestsocialclass.(Judgingbyhisfamilyandeducationalbackground,Jeffersonwasamemberofthegroupwithtopsocialstatus.)Yet,inadaywhenfewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder,Jeffersonwentoutofhiswaytotalkwithgardeners,servants,andwaiters.（然而，在那个贵族除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，杰斐逊却想尽办法跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。）JeffersononcesaidtotheFrenchnobleman,Lafayette,“Youmustgointothepeople’shomesasIhavedone,lookintotheircookingpotsandeattheirbread.Ifyouwillonlydothis,youmayfindoutwhypeoplearedissatisfiedandunderstandtherevolutionthatisthreateningFrance.” [考]bybirth按血统，天生地： SheisFrenchbybirthbutEnglishbymarriage． givebirthto产生，(喻)孕育borna.天生的，生来的www.themegallery.comCompanyLogogooutofone’swaytodosth.makespecialeffortstodosth.他特意到机场送我。Hewentoutofhiswaytoseemeoffintheairport.CompanyLogoJudgeforyourself.Jeffersonrefusedtoacceptotherpeople’sopinionswithoutcarefulthought.(未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见。)“Neitherbelievenorrejectanything,”hewrotetohisnephew,“becauseanyotherpersonhasrejectedorbelievedit.Heavenhasgivenyouamindforjudgingtruthanderror.Useit.”Jeffersonfeltthatthepeople“maysafelybetrustedtoheareverythingtrueandfalse,andtoformacorrectjudgment.Wereitlefttometodecide（Ifitwerelefttometodecide.在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句中有should,were或助动词had时，可省略if，将这些词提到句首，主谓语用部分倒装结构。）whetherweshouldhaveagovernmentwithoutnewspapersornewspaperswithoutagovernment,Ishouldnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter.”www.themegallery.comCompanyLogodecline:refusepolitelyrefuse:strongerthandeclinereject:moreemphaticthanrefuseIdeclinedherinvitation.Sherejectedhismarriageproposal.Herefusedtodothis.CompanyLogowww.themegallery.comCompanyLogomistake:着重指由于理解，认识或判断不正确而造成的行为或看法上的错误。error:表不合格或谬误。fault:过失，指道德上的过失，也可指人性格或习惯上的缺点。Itookhisbookby___________.Heronly_____islaziness. mistake faultCompanyLogo Wereitlefttometodecide=Ifitwerelefttometodecide在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句中有should,were或助动词had时，可省略if,将这些词提到句首，主谓语用部分倒装结构www.themegallery.comCompanyLogoCompanyLogowww.themegallery.comCompanyLogoprefer:prefersth.prefertosth.preferdoingsth.prefersb.todosth.preferAtoBprefer…ratherthan…CompanyLogoDowhatyoubelieveisright.Inafreecountrytherewillalwaysbeconflictingideas,andthisisasourceofstrength.Itisconflictandnotunquestioningagreementthatkeepsfreedomalive.ThoughJeffersonwasformanyyearstheobjectofstrongcriticism,heneveransweredhiscritics.Heexpressedhisphilosophy(哲学)inletterstoafriend,“Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.Ifyoutakeonesidewithdecisionandacton(actaccordingto)itwitheffect,thosewhotaketheothersidewillofcourseresentyouractions.”www.themegallery.comCompanyLogoacton:dosth.inaccordancewith…根据医生的建议，她决定开始减肥。Actingonthedoctor’sadvice,shedecidedtogoonadiet.CompanyLogo Trustthefuture;trusttheyoung.Jeffersonfeltthatthepresentshouldneverbechained(bindorrestrain)tocustomswhichhavelosttheirusefulness.(杰斐逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在”的手脚。)“Nosociety,”hesaid,“canmakeaperpetualconstitution,orevenaperpetuallaw.Theearthbelongstothelivinggeneration.”Hedidnotfearnewideas,nordidhefearthefuture.”Howmuchpain,”heremarked,“hasbeencausedbyevilswhichhaveneverhappened!Iexpectthebest,nottheworst.Isteermyshipwithhope,leavingfearbehind.”www.themegallery.comCompanyLogochainsb./sth.tosb./sth.:blind,restrainHeischainedtothegraveofmarriage.CompanyLogo1)链，链条；表链Thebridgewassupportedbyheavyironchainshangingfromtwotowers.这座桥是由系在两座塔上的沉重铁链支撑点的。2）枷锁;囚禁，束缚Beinchains上着镣铐；在囚禁中3）一系列；一连串Amountainchain山脉chainbridge链式吊桥Chainreaction连锁反应连锁商店chainstorewww.themegallery.comCompanyLogoCompanyLogosteerVt.1）驾驶，为…..掌舵；（=drive）2）引导（=guide）Vi.驾驶eg:Mycarsteerseasily. steerclearof避开，绕开 eg:Thecarsteeredclearofthemuddyroad. www.themegallery.comCompanyLogoleavesb./sth.behind:abandon;forgettotakesth.Ihavelefttheumbrellabehind.Don’tleavemebehind.leaveoutleavealoneleaveforleaveoffCompanyLogo部分倒装（只将谓语的一部分放在主语之前）[be/情态动词/助动词（do/does/did/have/has/had)]+主语 ①Hardly，seldom，little，few，never，nowhere，nolonger，bynomeans，innoway，undernocircumstances，onnoaccount(e.g.)Bynomeans________forgetthatsolvingTaiwanIssueisentirelyinternalChineseaffair.A．wecanB．wecouldC．canweD．couldwe 1.否定副词或短语位于句首时倒装句的用法及注意点 Notonly________tothemeetingbutalsoheshouldgiveaspeechthere. A．didhegoB．shouldhego C．heshouldgoD．hisgoing②Notonly…butalso…,Neither…nor…Hardly/Scarcely…when…，nosooner…than…Notuntil… 注意： 在Notonly...butalso...句型中，当notonly置于第一个分句句首时，第一个分句要用部分倒装。 Henotonlystudieshardbutalsoplaysbasketballwell. 在neither…nor…句型中，前后两个分句都要部分倒装。—Howwastheweatherthen?—Hardly________offtheplanewhenitstartedtorain.A．IhadsteppedB．hadIsteppedC．IsteppedD．didIstep 注意：在hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…than…（一…就…)句型中，前一个分句要用完成时，且部分倒装。 Notuntilhelefthishome________toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim. A．didhebeginB．hadhebegun、C．hebeganD．hehadbegun 注意：notuntil…位于句首时，后面的主句要部分倒装。 4.So（也），neither/nor（也不）位于句首时 ①---Myroomgetsverycoldatnight. ---____________.（我的也一样冷） ②---Idon’tlikefootball. ---__________________.（他也不喜欢） Sodoesmine Neither/Nordoeshe 注：如果句意表示肯定或附和“的确如此”时，句子不用倒装 ③---It’shot. ---Soitis.(的确如此) Jefferson’scourageandidealismwerebasedonknowledge.Heprobablyknewmorethananyothermanofhisage.Hewasanexpertinagriculture,archeology,andmedicine.Hepracticedcroprotationandsoilconservationacenturybeforethesebecamestandardpractice,andheinventedaplowsuperiortoanyotherinexistence.HeinfluencedarchitecturethroughoutAmerica,andhewasconstantlyproducingdevicesformakingthetasksofordinarylifeeasiertoperform.(他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断地制造出各种机械装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易。)www.themegallery.comCompanyLogoofone’sage:thetimeinwhichonelives他是那个年代最著名的流行歌手。Heisthemostfamouspopsingerofhisage.CompanyLogoOfallJefferson’smanytalents,oneiscentral.Hewasaboveallagoodandtirelesswriter.Hiscompleteworks,nowbeingpublishedforthefirsttime,willfillmorethanfiftyvolumes.Histalentasanauthorwassoondiscovered,andwhenthetimecametowritetheDeclarationofIndependenceatPhiladelphiain1776,thetaskofwritingitwashis.Millionshavethrilledtohiswords:“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal...”www.themegallery.comCompanyLogoaboveall:mostimportantofallBepolite,aboveall,tooldpeople.aboveallafterallatallfirstofallCompanyLogoWhenJeffersondiedonJuly4,1826,the50thanniversaryofAmericanindependence,helefthiscountrymenarichlegacyofideasandexamples.AmericaneducationowesagreatdebttoThomasJefferson,whobelievedthatonlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremainfree. owesth.to: 1)believe(something)tobetheresultof(something)将某事归功于… Heowedhissuccesstoluckmorethantocapacity. Sheoweshersuccesstohardwork. 他把他的成功更多地归于运气而不是能力。 2)feelgratitude(tosb.)inreturnforaservice,favour,etc. Iowemyteachersandparentsagreatdeal. 我深深感激师长与父母。SummaryofThomasJeffersonIndependencePresidentthinkermorethan50 Awell-knownstatesman ___________oftheUnitedStates Awriter 1)TheDeclarationof_____________ 2)Completeworksof______________volumes A________ Philosophicalinstructions,ideasVirginia Aneducator 1)____________reform 2)Universityfounder 3)Americaneducationowesagreatdealtohim 4)FatheroftheUniversityof________architectrotationconservationdevices An___________ Influentialfigure Anexpertinagriculture 1)Crop______________ 2)Soil_______________ Aninventor _________fordailyuseswww.themegallery.comCompanyLogoEnjoyanarticleLoveIloveyounotbecauseof______________,butbecauseofwhoIam_____________________.Nomanorwomanisworthyourtears,andtheonewhois,____________________.Theworstwaytomisssomeoneistobesittingrightbesidethemknowing________________________.whoyouarewhenIamwithyouwon’tmakeyoucryyoucan’thavethemCompanyLogowww.themegallery.comCompanyLogoNeverfrown,evenwhenyouaresad,becauseyouneverknow_________________withyoursmile.Totheworldyoumaybeoneperson,buttooneperson________________________.Don'twasteyourtimeonaman/woman,whoisn'twillingto___________________.Justbecausesomeonedoesn'tloveyouthewayyouwantthemto,doesn'tmean______________________withalltheyhave.whowillfallinlove youmaybetheworld wastetheirtimeonyou theydon’tloveyouCompanyLogowww.themegallery.comCompanyLogoDon'ttrytoohard,thebestthingscomewhen________________________.MaybeGodwantsustomeet___________________beforemeetingtherightone,sothatwhenwefinallymeettheperson,wewillknow__________________.Don'tcrybecause___________,smilebecause_____________.youleastexpectthemtoafewwrongpeoplehowtobegratefulitisoverithappenedCompanyLogo 翻译 1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。 Itwassuggestedatthemeetingthatacommitteeofelevenbeappointedtomakeanewconstitution. 2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。 Bymakingon-the-spotobservations,theyoungscientistsobtainedfirst-handinformationtheyneededintheirresearchwork. 3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。 Itisverylikelythathewillberejectedbythearmybecauseofhisbadeyesight. 4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。 Thecommitteemembershaveconflictingopinionsastothebestlocationofthenewairport. 5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。 Henry'sworksofartaresuperiorinmanyrespectstothoseofhisbrother's. 6)我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。 Thesteadyriseinthequalityofourproductsowesmuchtotheimprovementofourequipment. 7)吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令。 Jimwouldhavepreferredtoactonhisownjudgment,buthedidn'tbecauseasasoldierhehadtoobeytheorder. 8)如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。 Wereitlefttometodecidewhetherweshouldhaveacitywithoutbikesoronewithoutcars,Ishouldnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter.LOGOThankyouforlisteningCompanyLogo