12、 纹面：独龙族的神话

12、 纹面：独龙族的神话 第十二课 纹面:独龙族的神话 Lesson 12 Tattooed face: Myth of Dulong Nationality 学习目标 Study Objectives 一、语言目标 1. 表示疑问，惊奇 To express doubt or wonder. 哦～是这样的吗, 2. 表示惊讶，惊喜---是吗 To express astonishment or pleasant surprise 明天我妈妈来看我～我去机场接她。 是吗,几点的飞机, 二、文化目标 1. 了解独龙族的纹面。 2.了解独龙族的独龙族的交通工具-溜索。 图片:云南省贡山独龙族怒族自治县独龙江乡东格寨独龙族妇女 课前导学 Guided Learning 1.独龙族自称“独龙”～他称有"俅人"、"曲人"、" 俅子"、“俅帕”、“洛”、“曲洛”等。独龙 族是我国56个民族中人口最少的民族之一～据1990年人口统计独龙族有5825人～排在倒数 第5位。主要分布在云南省怒江傈僳族自治州贡山独龙族怒族自治县境内独龙河流域。此外～ 在缅甸境内也有少数独龙人居住。 The Dulong people name themselves Dulong , and others call them Qiu people, Qu people, Qiuzi people, Qiupa people, Luo people, Quluo people and so on. The Dulong Ethnic Group is one of the fifty-six ethnic groups with the least population in China. According to 1990’s vital statistics, only 5825 persons belong to the Dulong Ethnic Group whose population lies at the fifth of the list from the bottom. They mainly live along the Dulong River in the boundary of the Gongshan Autonomic County of the Dulong Ethnic Group and the Nu Ethnic Group, which is dominated by the Nujiang Autonomic State of the Lisu Ethnic Group, Yunnan province. In addition, there are still a few Dulong people living within the boundary of Burma. 2.怒江傈僳族自治州位于中国滇西北边陲角落～是云南北上西藏和西进缅甸的重要通道。怒 江生态环境优美～拥有全国最大的高黎贡山自然保护区～它是全球生物多样性十大中心区之 一。 The Nujiang Autonomic State of the Lisu Ethnic Group lies in a border area of Northwest Yunnan of China, which is an important way from Yunnan north to Tibet and west to Burma. Natural environment in Nujiang is elegant, where there exists the biggest natural protective area of the Gaoligong mountains of China, which is also one of the ten centers of diversity of species in the world. (选自news.xinhuanet.com/...7937.htm - 23k - 2007-2-27 ) 独龙族是我国56个民族中人口最少的民族之一，主要聚居在云南省西北部的怒江傈僳族 自治州和贡山独龙族怒族主自治县境内的独龙河两岸的河谷地带。在独龙族里边，男子是不 纹面的。只有女人才纹面。关于女人纹面有很多种说法，有的人认为纹面是美的象征，而有 的人认为纹面可以避邪。不管怎么样，现在去纹面的人没有了。 课 文 Text 爱 米:刘华～下午我用你的电脑上网的时侯～发现桌面上有一张很奇怪的照片。 AàMi: LiúHuá,x iàwǔ wǒ yòngnǐde diànnǎo shàngwǎng de shíhou,fāxiàn zhuōMiànshàngyǒuyìzhāng hěn qíguài de zhàopiàn. 刘 华:哦:你说的那张呀～是怒江独龙族纹面妇女的照片: LiúHuá:ò! Nǐshuōde nàzhāng ya,shìnùjiāng dúlóngzúwénmiàn Fùnǚdezho piàn 爱 米:独龙族,我听说这个民族很神秘～他们的人口也很少。 AīMi:Dúlóngzú? wǒtīngshuō zhēnggè mínzú hěnvshénmì,tāmende rénkǒu yěhěnshǎo. 刘 华:据说他们只有五千多人了～所以现在政府也特别重视。 LiúHuá:Jùshuō tāmen zhǐyǒu wǔqiānduōrénle,suǒyǐ xiànzài zhèngfú yětèbiézhàogutāmen 爱 米:那么纹面是怎么一回事,只有妇女纹面吗, AīMi:Nàme wénmiàn shìzěnme yìhuíshì? Zhǐyǒu fùnǚ wénmiàn ma? 刘 华:是啊～关于纹面有很多种说法～有的人认为独龙族妇女纹面是一种美的 象征～有的人认为这是区分氏族的标志～有的人认为这是一种原始的图 腾崇拜～还有的人认为这是帮助妇女逃避外族人抢劫的方法。 LiúHuá:Shìa!guānyǔ wénmiàn yǒu hěnduō zhǒng shuōfǎ, yǒude rén rèn wei dúlóngzú Fùnǚ wénmiàn shì yìzhǒng měide xiàngzhēng, yǒuderénrènweiZhèshi qūfēn shìzúde biāozhi, yǒude rén rènwei zhèshi yìzhǒngyuánshǐde tú téng cóng bài,háiYǒu de rén rènwei zhèshi bāngzhù fùnǚtáobì wàizú rén qiǎngjié defāngfa. 爱 米:没想到关于纹面有那么多的争论～看来独龙族还真的是很神秘: AīMi:Méixiǎngdào guānyu wénmiàn yǒu nàmeduōde zhēnglùn,kànlai dúlóngzúháizhēndeshì shénmì! 刘 华:因为独龙族先民生活在几乎与世隔绝的高山峡谷地带～所以以前很少有 人了解他们。不过独龙族人民非常勤劳好客～常常一家有事～全村帮忙。 "夜不闭户～路不拾遗"～是独龙族的传统美德. LiúHuá:Yīnwèi dúlóngzúx iānmín shēnghuózài jǐhū yǔshìgéjuéde gāo shānxiá gǔ dì dài , suǒyǐ yǐqián hěnshǎo yǒurén liǎojiě tāmen.búguòdúlóngzú rénmín fēichǎng qǐn láo hào kè, cháng cháng yìjiāyǒushì,quáncūnbāngmáng. " yè bù xián hù,lù bù shí yí"， shì dúlóngzúde chuán tōng mědé. 爱 米:原来如此。现在独龙族的妇女纹面吗, AīMi:Yuúnláirúchǐ.xiànzài dúlóngzú fùnǚ wénmiànma? 刘 华:这个习俗已经几乎没有了～现在～纹过面的妇女好像也只有几十个了。 LiúHuá:Zhège xísú yǐjīng tíngzhǐle,xiànzài wénguòmiànde fùnǚ hǎoxiàngyězhǐyǒujǐshígele. 翻译 Translation Tattooed face: Myth of Dulong Nationality Liuhua, when I use your computer to surf on line this afternoon, I find that there was a strange photo on the desktop. Liuhua: Oh, what you mention is a photo taken from a Nujiang Dulong woman with a tattooed face. Amy: The Dulong people? I’ve heard that they are mysterious and their population is small. Liuhua: It is said there are only more that 5,000 people of the Dulong Nationality, so the government pays great attention to them. Amy: Then, what is the tattooed face? Are there only women who tattoo? Liuhua: Yeah, there are several kinds of says about the tattooed face. Some believe that the Dulong women’s tattooed face is a symbol of beauty, some think it is a sign of distinguishing one group from others, some figure it is an ancient totem worship, others consider it is a way of preventing the women from being hijacked away by people of outside groups. Amy: Little have I think about there are so many arguments, the Dulong people are really mysterious people. Liuhua: Because the Dulong people’s ancestors lived only in the area of isolated mountains and valleys, people outside knew little about them. The Dulong people are hardworking and hospitable, so if a family is in trouble and the whole villagers will give their hands. It is the Dulong people’s traditional virtue that no one steals at night or picks up and pockets anything lost on the road. Amy: Really, do the Dulong women have their faces tattooed now? Liuhua: This custom does not exist now, and there are only tens of them with tattooed faces. 生 词 New Words 1. 发现 (动) fā xiàn to find 2. 听说 (动) tīng shuō to hear of 3. 人口 (名) rãn kǒu population . 特别 (副) tâ biã especially; in particular 4 5. 象征 (名) xiàng zhēng symbol 6. 区分 (动) . qū fēn to differentiate 7. 氏族 (名) shì zú clan 8. 外族 (名) wài zú outsider people . 原始 (形) yuán shǐ original; ancient 9 10.崇拜 (动) chïng bài to worship 11.逃避 (动) táo bì to escape from 12.抢劫 (动) qiǎng jiã to hijack; to take with force 13.争论 (动) zhēng lùn to debate; to quarrell 专 名 Proper Nouns 1. 高山峡谷地带 gāo shān xiá gǔ dì dài The area of high mountains and deep valleys 2. 纹面 wãn miàn A permanent mark or design made on the face by a process of pricking and ingraining an indelible pigment or by raising scars. 3.图腾 tú tãng An animal, a plant, or a natural object serving among certain tribal or traditional peoples as the emblem of a clan or family and sometimes revered as its founder, ancestor, or guardian. 成语与常用语 Idioms and Common Expressions 1.与世隔绝 yǔ shì gã juã To be isolated from the outside world 2.勤劳好客 qǐn láo hào kâ hardworking and hospitable 3.夜不闭户 yâ bù xián hù a phrase used to show a good condition of public security 4.路不拾遗 lù bù shí yí a phrase used to how a good condition of social morality 注 释 Notes 1. 是„的: 汉语用“是„„的”强调已经发生或完成动作的时间地点方式目的施事和受事等。在肯 定中，“是”可以省略。否定句中，“是”不能省略。 A: 我,是,去年八月来昆明的。 B: 他不是一个人来的～是跟妈妈一起来的。 2.因为„所以: 说明事情的原因与结果。 A: 因为她这次考得不好～所以没有拿到奖学金。 B: 因为太着急～我把钥匙放在家里了。 语言点Language Points 1.不过: 连词，表示但是，可是 。例: ……不过独龙族人民非常勤劳好客。 2.关于: 介词，表示事物之间的关联。例: 关于纹面有很多种说法。 没想到关于纹面有那么多的争论。 练 习 Exercises 一、 替换 Substitution 1.他有一张朋友的照片。 (一本 汉语词典 ) (一把 雨伞 ) (一瓶 水 ) 二、选择填空。Fill in the blanks with the words given. 发现 人口 听说 特别 争论 1.————桌子上面有奇怪的东西。 2.现在独龙族的__________只有五千多人了。 3.________下个月他们要去上海。 4.他_________喜欢跳舞。 5.关于纹面有很多的 _________。 三、将下列句子改写成“因为„„所以„„”的格式 Rewrite the Following Sentences with“因为„„所以„„” 1.我早上起不来，我想去买闹钟。 。 2.老师病了，昨天的课没有上。 。 3.我写不完作业，我得晚点睡觉。—————————————————————。 4.我是中国人，他是日本人，我们无法交流。————————————————。 5.今天下了大雪，列车晚点了30分钟。——————————————————。 四、改错句。Correct the following sentences. 1.我有一日汉辞典。 我爸爸妈妈是都老师。 2. 3.小明找李老师去学校。 您吃不吃过韩国菜, 4. 5.早晨他起晚了，不吃早饭就去上课。 五、口语交际 Oral Practices 1(你知道独龙族住在什么地方吗, 2.独龙族的房屋是怎么样的, 文化链接 Cultural Links 哥哥13岁余芬前(左)绑着弟弟10岁余志城(右)，在怒江上飞索上学去。 1.独龙族的交通工具-溜索 独龙族居住的地区由于山高路险，河流湍急，交通很不方便。为了与外界联系，独龙人创造了奇特的渡江交通工具??吊桥、天梯和溜索。 溜索有平溜、陡溜两种。其中平溜来往都能过，但较为费力，陡溜较为省力，速度也较快，但雨天容易撞伤。过溜索时用溜梆和麻布带子。人的生命就系在一根绳子上，十分的危险，但是独龙人已掌握了技巧，在溜索上面自由的飞来飞去，可以风驰电掣般霎时飞越江面。在飞的过程中，如果用力不当，就会撞到石头上，后果不堪设想。所以一定要用手控制速度。独龙人用溜索不仅渡人，还渡牲畜、货物。 1. 湍急 (形) tuān jí rapid (动) zhēng fú to conquer 2. 征服 3. 费力 (形) fâi lì laborious; arduous 4. 省力 (形) shěng lì labor-saving 5. 卡 (动) qiǎ to be clipped in/ between 6. 优美 (形) yōu měi elegant 7. 霎时 (名) shà shí in a very short time 8. 代替 (动) dà tì to replace 9. 激流 (形) jīliú rapid current 成语和常用语Idioms and Common Expressions 1.因地制宜 yīn dì zhì yí Adjusting measures to local conditions. 2.风驰电掣 fēng chí diàn chè Moving or occurring with remarkable speed or suddenness. 3.一来一往 yī lái yī wǎng Indicating repeat or alternation 注释 Notes 1.柚木: yîu mù A tall evergreen tree (Tectona grandis) of southeast Asia, having hard, heavy, durable yellowish-brown wood. 2硬木.: yìnɡ mù A hard strong wood from trees such as rosewood, oak or mahogany, and it is often used to make super carpentries. Gliding Cable--- Dulong People’s Transportation Device The area where the Dulong people live is in the mountains and the road is dangerous. In addition, the river rushes rapidly, and it is impossible for the people to travel in the boat. Therefore, the Dulong people adjust measures to local conditions, use local materials and create a gliding cable, a transportation measure to cross rapid currents , dangerous cliff and pass. Gliding cable can be divided into two kinds of horizontal gliding cable or inclined gliding cable . Horizontal gliding cable is made of one bamboo rope, the both ends of which are higher than that in the middle, while inclined gliding cable is composed of two bamboo ropes, one of which is used when people come and the other of which is used to when people go. Therefore, it can be used whenever people come or go. Since it is harder to carry out, people usually construct it over a narrow river. Inclined gliding cable is labor-saving, and the crossing speed on it is higher, but when it rains, people is easier to knock against an obstacle and get wounded, so it is often built over a broad river. Before crossing the river on the gliding cable, people have to prepare a gliding board and a band made of hemp. The gliding board is made of teak and is shaped as a half cup with two hands. While crossing the river, people let the hemp band of more than 3 meters go between the board, and circle it around his waist, hip and neck. When the band is prepared, the cable is inserted into channel of the board, people will hold the gliding board with his hands and strike the stake or the rock with his feet, thus he can fly rapidly across the river. The Dulong people make use of the cable not only to carry themselves but also to carry their livestock or goods. The cable made of bamboo strip has been replaced by hanging bridge now. If the bridge can not be repaired, a cable made of steel will be used instead, and the hard wood board has also been replace with a block and tackle made of iron. Later, this important transportation device has served as an activity for entertainment, in which those who glide fastest and elegantly will be the winner. Now, gliding on the cable has been a traditional sport meet item of the Dulong people, and young men and women will annually have a match on the cable. 2(云南十八怪之12:糌粑被叫做饵块 糌粑被叫做饵块:云南产大稻米，特香糯，把大米蒸熟舂打后，揉制成长条形的半成品， 可炒吃、煮吃、蒸着吃，颜色白如雪，象内地做的白米粑，当地称饵块。