公务员心理调适能力

公务员心理调适能力 建湖县委党校 陈远跃 政府机构的正常有效运转，需要通过一批拥有健康及良好心态的人组织实施，公务员的心理健康，实际上直接影响政府机构运转的顺畅及效率，但不可否认，作为社会职业群体之一的公务员，同样也有心理压力，也有不安全感。,月25日刚刚向媒体公布的一项调查表明，江苏省50.3,的青年公务员经常感到压力，青年公务员中还有31.2,感觉太累，1.6,有时甚至会想到自杀。《国家公务员通用能力 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 框架(试行)》明确规定，公务员要具备相当的心理调适能力，那么，公务员是否不应该有心理问题,在不同阶段也会有不同的心理问题，每一个成功人士的背后都站着一位心理医生。了解更多的心理健康知识，营造宽松、理性的社会环境将有助于我们拥有更健康更良好的心理素质。 今天的题目是心理调适能力，我国是从1994年开始实行公务员制度的，在这之前都是国家干部。自94年实行公务员制度以后，一直是执行暂行管理条例。也就是说我国对于公务员的管理，并没有一个特别明确的一个能力标准。直到03年的时候，国家出台了通用能力标准，就是9种能力标准，有两个新增加能力。一是心理调适能力;另一个就是应对突发事件的能力。为什么要在公务员的通用能力当中，提出一个心理调适的能力呢,因为，社会发展到一定程度的时候，对人的心理素质提出了更高的要求。 心理调适问题从三个角度来讲: 一、时代发展的背景; 二、心理压力的分析; 三、提高心理调适能力的方法及途径。 一、提高公务员心理调适的时代发展背景 1、时代发展给公务员带来巨大的心理压力 (1)政府职能发生的改变 中国加入世贸组织以后，对公务员的能力、素质提出了更高的要求，政府的行政职能也发生了很大的变化。从以前的主要靠行政命令的手段来管理国家，到现在的服务型的政府，职能上需要有重大的转变。以前是对上负责，现在是对公民负责。原来程序比较繁杂，办一件事要盖很多的公章，现在都是“一站式”服务。比如去年的《审批法》以后，一个是政府管理的能力，再有一个 - 1 - 是公务员的能力都需要提高。政府职能的转变是需要公务员来做的，每一位公务员，自身能力的提高就显得特别重要，就给公务员带来一种工作、心理上的压力。 服务型政府是针对中国传统的管制型政府而提出的新概念。服务型政府是民主政府、有限政府、责任政府、法治政府、绩效政府。这是服务型政府的形态，也是服务型政府的目标。服务型政府首先是民主政府，即人民当家作主的政府。人民是国家的主人，政府的权力来自于人民的授予，政府的施政目标必须征得人民的同意，人民有权参与政府决策和执行的过程。人民的利益至高无上，政府为人民服务是天职，而且必须全心全意地为人民服务，以符合"人民政府"的神圣称号，并实现社会公共利益的最大化。其次，服务型政府是有限政府，即政府的权力是有限的，不是无限的。 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 经济时代的政府是管制型政府，其权力是无限的，无孔不入，无限膨胀;而市场经济时代的政府应该就是服务型政府，为市场服务，为社会稳定和经济发展服务。政府服务的内容是提供维护性的公共服务与完成为数不多的管制任务，并提供社会性的公共服务与必要的公共设施。提供维护性公共服务和完成为数不多的管制任务，是服务型政府的基石;提供社会性公共服务与必要的公共设施，是服务型政府的主要体现。第三，服务型政府是责任政府，即政府必须对自己的行为负责，对自己所提供的服务负责，对人民的利益负责。对于政府的失职行为，人民有权对政府提出质询，追究责任，直至罢免政府官员。这与管制性政府的责任不清和责任心不强，以及人民的利益即使受到损害也无权并无法追究政府的责任形成鲜明的对照。第四，服务型政府是法治政府，即依法行政的政府。第五，服务型政府是绩效政府，即有效率和效益的政府。 (2)社会的变迁 第二方面是指社会的变迁。由计划经济转变成市场经济，由农业社会，步入到工业社会，时代的变迁也会给生活在这样的时代的人带来压力。我国在农业的社会生活了5000多年，直到78年改革开放时，才逐步进入到工业化社会。在农业社会是日出而作，日落而息，采菊东南下，悠然见南山。春天播的种子，只有秋天才能收，人们对它的收获都有一种预期。每一天，今年、去年和明年甚至十年都不会有特大的变化。计划经济三十年，人们工作的方式都没有什么变化。所以在农业社会当中，经验是最重要的。所以小的时候经常在讲:不听老人言吃亏在眼前。因为经验最重要，他吃过的盐比吃的饭还多，他对好多事情就会有一种预期，就会对年老的人充满了一种敬仰。 现在如果你跟孩子说你就必须得听家长的，因为我吃的盐比你吃的饭还 - 2 - 多，过的桥比你走的路还多，你说孩子会崇拜我们吗,他会说这只能证明你比我死的早，不能证明别的。在工业社会的时候，它的发展，跟农业社会有着非常大的差别。就是说，它是日新月异的，农业社会发展是比较缓慢的，人的心理发展也相对比较缓慢、安逸，而且每个人都差不多，工作生活都是这样。这种社会的比较，也容易使人心态平和，社会的发展也比较稳定，人对未来的一种预期都能实现。 (3)工作方式的变化 工业化社会是日新月异的社会。这种日新月异就使得人们工作、生活的方式发生了根本性的改变。而且社会的发展，使人对未来的预期有了很多的不确定性。也使上下级的领导方式和工作的方式发生了巨大的改变，这种改变就会给人带来相应的压力。在入世之后，每个人面对的新事、难事、急事会越来越多，过去的经验就不适应了，今天的经验还没有形成，所以每个人都要去面对一些需要自己去承担、处理的事，这样也会给大家带来一定的压力。 (4)生活方式的变化 另外一个就是生活在个性化的、工业化的时代，就是说步入到了信息时代、经济时代、网络时代和数字时代。信息化时代就使原有的知识淘汰的速度越来越快。所以当人类进入信息化时代的时候，就跨过了达芬奇时代。在达芬奇时代的时候，他除了是一位伟大的画家，还是著名的雕塑学家、数学家、天文学家。大家都知道恩格斯，他是位伟大的哲学家、思想家，他写过一本书，叫做自然辩证法，对数学、物理、生物都有非常深的造诣。 那么现在还有这样的伟人吗,伟大的数学家、思想家还是伟大的天文学家，还是伟大的物理学家，在今天是难以想象的。是因为现代化的社会，每个人的知识越来越专业了。今天的社会出现各种各样的问题，都是专家给讲解的，一个人什么都会什么都懂的时代应该过去了。信息时代就是人知识和经验淘汰的速度越来越快，知识的总量不断的翻番，从一百年，五十年翻一番，十年，五年到现在每三年，人类知识的总合就会翻一番。 2、社会的不断发展提出了越来越高的能力和素质要求 知识经济的时代就是要人类的创新、创造能力。“十一五”提出:要增强我国的自主创新能力。如果没有这样创新的能力，我们就成了打工的市场了。网络时代它彻底改变了人类的生活。它使我们工作的方式，发生了非常大的改变。现在都是无纸化办公，是网络时代，坐在屋子里面可以和世界上任何角落的人聊天，可以在网上进行贸易的活动，它彻底的改变了人类工作和人际交往的方式。人生活在不同的时代，就会对生活在这个时代的人提出相应的能力要 - 3 - 求。时代在不停的发展，它对人的素质要求就会越来越高。 所以应该说，生活在工业化的社会，很少有人没有压力。孩子上学有压力，工作有压力，其实人就算退休了也有压力，当然我国的保障也会不断的发展，因为时代对人不断的提出了要求，人要适应这种要求，人要生存就会面对很多的挑战。 这是因为平时发展的速度非常快，就像大家知道手机，大哥大离今天有多远,也就十年的时间。95年的时候，如果有人能拿个手机就意味着一种社会地位一种经济地位，那时候才赚几百块钱，一个手机要两三万块钱。谁能想到，十年以后连上学的孩子都有手机。而且五年以前可能也不会想到，今天的手机能照像、摄像。手机的功能停止了吗?谁能知道五年以后的手机什么样,这就是工业化的特点，它在不断的变化，它会不断的开发新的功能。谁也不知道，他还会有什么新的东西来满足人对他的要求。这就是今天时代十倍速的发展，然后他就使得人才的竞争日趋剧烈。 以前，考大学只有百分之一点几、二点几，现在是百分之七十到八十的人都能上大学。今年公务员的报考，平均是36个人竞争一个工作岗位。这就是人才的竞争，那么以后越是以前在传统的企业当中，企业特别大能够容下上千上万的工人。以后，越是大规模的生产，需要的劳动力就会越少。它能够用工业化更先进的手段取代人工，那么工作岗位所能提供的可能越来越少。所以，人才的竞争这样形势就提示了终身学习的体系。那么也就是说在这样社会下怎么生存下去，刚才讲创新能力非常重要，创新从哪里来,首先学习非常重要。 所以现在这一个时代，比以往的任何一个时代，最大的区别就是:每个人生活在这样的时代要不断地为了与时俱进和适应这样时代的发展，提高人的学习能力，还有人的合作能力，都是今天这样时代，对人的要求。因为任何一个人，无论他有多么大的能力，都不能独立的完成组织的任务或者是组织的目标，他需要人们在一起合作。以前看电视，不论是雍正王朝还是康熙大帝，皇帝又没有副皇帝,县太爷有没有副县太爷,为什么现在一个正职都要配备副职呢,就是因为社会越发展，专业化的分工越精细，不同人的能力的组合，一个人的能力不成，需要很多人的能力的组合，任何机构都需要很多能力的组合。那么因此，在今天的时代，人与人合作的问题是非常重要的。 一方面讲到时代发展的背景，为什么要提出心理调适的能力，是因为国家加入世贸组织以后，政府的职能发生了改变，另一个就是社会的变迁，社会在不断的发展，对一个人德能力、素质提出了更高的要求，这是讲第一点时代发展的背景。 - 4 - 二、心理压力分析 ,压力测试,自我测试:你是否有工作压力, 来自于工作职责的压迫感是引起压力最常见的原因之一。你在工作中度过了大量的时间。如果你感到焦虑不安、不能理解某些事情或对谋事不满，这些都将加大你所承受的压力程度。 客观地考虑一下自己的工作和使你感到困难的部分，是否有某些任务或则者使你感到焦虑不安,完成下面这份问卷之后，你能够更加轻易地找出这些部分，并可以检查压力给你的工作所带来的冲击。这是确定你改变这一情况的第一步。如果你对工作的各个方面都普遍感到不满，则这些问题将有助于你判断应当朝着哪些方面努力。 尽量以诚实的态度回答这些问题，并快速做完这份问卷，而不要试图去查看答案，这对你是有益的。 回答下面题目，给自己打个分(,,,分): ?如果失业，我担心自己找不到工作。 ?早晨醒来，我为工作而担忧。 ?工作压力增加，我感到不安。 ?我发现自己容易生气或易被激怒。 ?我做起事情来手忙脚乱，没有耐心。 ?我不能完全控制自己的工作方法。 ?我在工作中得不到信任与赏识。 ?我为自己工作是否落后而担忧。 ?我不知道自己的工作到底是好是坏。 ?似乎无人想了解我此刻的心情。 ?我很难弄清自己的真实感受。 ?我一直压制着自己的情感直至最后爆发。 ?很难抽出时间与亲友在一起。 ?我身边的朋友经常抱怨找不到我。 ?太劳累了，没有时间和亲友在一起。 结果分析 少于24分:工作压力处理得当。 25—34分:估计会产生某种身体的或情感的不适。 35—44分:你的工作压力已经过大，可以尝试多与朋友交流，适当排遣不良压力。 - 5 - 高于45分:你的工作压力已经快要达到承受极限，最好请大夫看看，或找职业咨询专家咨询。 第二点，就是在时代发展之下，人们心理发展的压力。那么心理的压力是外部条件的变化，对主体所提出的要求。外部环境变了，每年都会有新的 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 ，社会在不断发展的时候，就要求人要有一种新的能力，变成服务型的政府，它不止表现在国家政府的职能，对每个公务员的素质也提出了更高的要求，这些要求就可能使得在生活中产生一些压力。 1、心理压力相关的一些概念 什么是压力,一是个体已有的经验，不足以应付当前需要应付的问题，就构成了压力。二就是用来对付威胁的常规方法的失败。以前讲“兵来将挡，水来土屯”只要有了问题就有了相应的对策。可是，自中国入世以后，政府的职能发生了非常大的改变。在不断的扁平化，原来是科层的机构，级层特别多，现在逐渐的扁平化。扁平化的过程中，要求每个人的工作上的能力要越来越强，这样可能就会构成一定的压力。当面对这些压力的时候，心理上会有什么反映呢,心理学的术语把压力叫做应激，应激就是一个人跑得快，还是狗追着跑得快,为什么狗追的时候跑的快呢,就是狗一追的时候，一紧张，体内就会调动一些人的能量，在瞬间做出反应，超过平常做出的一切反映。 就比如平时可能跳不过去的墙，但是狗一追，可能一下就跳过去了，等狗没有了也跳不回来了，那就叫应激。那种应激的状态就使你在突发事件的时候，能够应对它。但是这种应对是以消耗人的能量为代价的，比如说早晨吃一个馒头，一紧张半个馒头就没有了。人不能老紧张的，所以这就是社会的一种现象，现在的人，吃的好了，得病的人多了。中国人能吃饱饭就二十多年，一直饿着，所以一见面就问:“你吃了吗,”比如说像父母那一代，希望过现在这样的生活。人们发现，整体的物质水平提高了，得病的人却多了，尤其是心身疾病的发病的人越来越高了。 应激会导致人身体的一种紧张状态。公务员系统，就是从事公务员和领导工作的人，发病的几率是呈直线上升趋势的。所以公务员也是压力比较大的职业，本身就直接面对老百姓，而且还要面对变成服务型的政府，这样重大的职能的转变。这样的工作、程序，包括的责任，是由官僚的责任理念变成行政的责任理念，这样可能会给越来越多的人在心理上带来一种困扰。假如:你的同事给你打了个电话，说我今天不来了，我要去看心理医生。你的第一感觉是什么,你会觉得这人有毛病了，我们有毛病吗,如果我们以为别人有毛病才看心理医生，心理健康的人应该是不存在的。就是我们的躯体不可能是完全健康的， - 6 - 心理是生理的载体，那么生活在这个社会当中，因为中国正处在制度变革时期，就是有很多的常规要不断地发生变化，在这样的发展的时期，社会的发展是不均衡的，可能会涉及到一些人的切身利益，那么人们可能在工作不停的要求中产生一些新的压力。 2、心理压力产生的原因 那么讲压力的产生，刚才谈到时代的发展，如果把它归纳的话，一个人的心理压力的产生是四种原因: (1)社会压力 社会压力就是今天的竞争机制，竞争机制引入到了的人事机制里面。以前都是论终身制的，现在的公务员，要考试才能进来。现在基本上都是本科以上，通过各种各样的笔式、面试，才能成为公务员。那么职位的晋升也要有这样的考试，这种竞争机制，应该说会给每个人带来各种各样的压力。 我国现在是多元化的，过去什么是对,什么是错,什么是好什么是坏,什么是美什么是丑,它有一定标准，现在是多元化了，多元化的时候就是你说你对的时候，可能我说我也是对的，它呈现了多元的态势。那么到底什么是对的，什么就是好的，就越来越不是有明确的标准，这样人也容易产生一种困扰，带来一种压力。那么在这样多元化的社会，你不能觉得你认为不对的就不对了。 现在讲的心理调适，不能说觉得这事情是对的，或者也是耳听为虚，我认为它是对的，它就是对的。今天它是多元的，就是说每一个东西有它的多种层面或是多种角度，那么有它的多种价值也有它的多个方面。可能有的时候是我们没有看到，但是不能说它不存在，不明白的东西不能说它不对，这就是多元化。这也是很大的挑战，能够去认同很多人的观点，就是别人的观点跟你不一样，你能够去认同，或者你能够叫很多人去接受你的观点，这是一种挑战。 再有，新旧观念的冲突，就是过去一些传统的理念，在今天的社会中也会有些相应的冲突，这是从社会的压力。 (2)工作压力 非常具体了，比如说工作当中上下级的人际关系的处理。工作的这种目标，包括执行的能力，在工作当中所遇到的一些职能的转变，带给每一个人工作方式的一种转变，都会带来一种新的压力。 (3)生活压力 那么另外，生活的压力，公务员的工资应该还不是很高，所以孩子的就学问题，孩子的婚姻问题，包括经济问题，人要上有老下有小等等，也会给人造成一种压力。 - 7 - (4)人的个性差异 “江山易改，本性难移”，本性就是人遗传遗留下来的，人的气质、性格，经常把它叫做脾气，赋予这样的气质，生下来是急性子还是慢性子是不一样的。有的人比较外向就比较开朗，比较内向就容易孤僻。内向的人容易敏感，就更容易感受到心理压力、挫折，更容易内化。每个人的个性特点不一样，他所感受到的压力也不一样。这是我们讲的压力产生的原因。 3、心理压力产生的几种反应 (1)压力的生理反应 另外就是压力的生理反应。就是当人有压力的时候，它会使人的很多的系统发生改变。比如说人的心脑血管系统、消化系统、内分泌系统，那么也就是说当压力过大，或者不会处理这样一种压力的时候，他会给的身心健康造成一定的损害。之所以公务员提出心理调适的能力，也就是推行公务员制度已经十年多了，在工作当中很多的公务员在工作中的这种压力。包括有些领导者，处级领导者、局级等他的发病率，尤其是心神系统的发病率、死亡率都呈一个直线上升的趋势。而国家的公务员是国家的精英，应该爱护、保护每个公务员的健康。那么就他的心理的反应来讲，压力过大，或者不能及时的进行心理调适，就会对的身心健康造成一个非常大的破坏。 现在人们的心理的很多疾病，是因为人们缺少这种心理的常识。现在有很多的生理卫生的常识，饭前饭后都知道要洗手，然后细菌就不容易繁殖。其实人在这种生理过程当中的时候，心里面也容易蒙上些灰尘也有些污垢，但是人们又不知道怎么样去增强人的心理卫生的能力。所以这就是这些年，为什么吃的好了，得病的人却多了;现在有了娱乐城，烦恼的人却多了;现在不睡板床也不睡土炕了，睡席梦思了失眠的人却多了;整体上生活水平提高了，死的却越来越快了，是人对生活的不适应。 以前老人有句话说:“人没有吃不了的苦，却有享不了的福”。生活的方式不同了，就需要心理调整。当的心理还不能适应一种飞速发展的时候，人们在工作当中和生活当中就会反应出这样的一种不适应。那么首先就是人的心脑血管的系统，知道在公务员的系统当中，得心脑血管疾病的男人要比女人多，比如说猝死，也是男性的人要多。医学的统计资料就是:每两个百个里面一个女人，女人非常少为什么呢,当然一方面就是女性的公务员也少，但是另一方面就是由于他的生理特点，还有一个就是他的生活方式，还有一个就是社会的压力，有这么三个方面来决定。从生理的角度来讲，女性的血液系统是开放的，其实血液是人体的一个非常重要的器官，而所有的器官都是用尽废退的。因为 - 8 - 女人有这样一个生理上的机能，所以她含氧量就比较高，比较容易创造新的血液，血液在人体循环的过程当中是有大量的杂质的，女人是把这些杂质排出体外，而男人是把这些杂质存积在心脑血管，那么这是从生理的这种角度。 (2)压力的心理反应 从心理社会的角度，男人是和责任一起生下来的，男人生下来就要齐家治国平天下，那么在工作上承担的压力总体上来讲要比较大。女性来讲也是有很多的压力，但是就社会这一个角度来讲，男人感觉他的责任可能更大一些。男人和女人生下来的时候眼泪是一样多的，但是随着年龄的成长，女人的眼泪被保留下来了，女人可以哭一辈子。但是随着社会的成长，男人慢慢的随着生命的成长，他就不流泪了。小男孩只要过了三岁过了五岁，每一次流泪，都会伴随着斥责。男性和女性的社会的形象的要求是不一样的，所以男人随着生命的成长，眼泪会越来越少。但是人的一生会遇到很多的挫折，而且生命当中的不如意，或者说挫折、失败、打击包括一些委屈，所有这些负性情绪或者人的这种压抑，所分泌出来的眼泪，都带有大量的化学的成分。而女人的都通过眼泪，把它宣泄出来，把这些有害的东西宣泄出来。而男人是把这些有害的有毒的东西一次一次的咽到肚子里，所以这对男性的生理的健康造成一种非常大的危害。所以我认为，男人从生活的这种方式上来讲要慢慢的要学会宣泄自己的这种情感。 另外就是他的这种生活方式，女人的生活方式是讲保健，吃什么更有营养，你看晨练的或者是晚上锻炼的，往往是女性比较多，男性的生活方式就是应酬比较多，抽烟、喝酒的比较多，那么这样也会对男性的健康有一定的破坏作用，那么现在大家都知道，早晨要吃好，因为早晨的营养可以被吸收70%，中午是20%，晚上是10%，但是生活是倒过来的，早晨匆匆忙忙，中午凑凑合合，晚上再认认真真的吃，但是这样的方式其实是很不健康的，就是晚上吃好多油性的和肉性的东西，容易造成身体的一种酸性物质，就是你不能充分的吸收，时间长了沉积到身体里面，对人体的健康有一定的影响，所以还要有一种健康的生活方式。 (3)压力对消化系统的影响 另外就是，消化系统，那么这种压力有一个例子。就是在培训的时候，也是一个领导者，就是正职和副职之间，工作当中人际关系有些紧张。那怎么办呢，两个人的关系又比较紧张，然后就开始血压高、失眠，然后就头痛，突然就脑淤血。所以讲心脑系统疾病，就是如果一个人，在工作当中的时候，不善于去调节。或者我有了这样一个问题，我应该怎么去调节，或者面对这样的一 - 9 - 个问题的时候要怎么能积极地去调节心理，可能就不会对这种健康有这么大的破坏。另外就是人的这种消化的系统，胃本来皱褶状的，我们吃多少东西，它会分泌多少胃液，涨开的程度就不同，涨开了以后就还分泌胃液了。胃液是胃酸和胃蛋白酶。胃蛋白酶是一种酸性比较强的一种物质，所以我们知道胃里再吐出来的东西会都会是沫状的东西，就是它腐蚀的能力非常强。那么我们在工作当中会有各种各样的问题，比如说我们讲，不高兴或者是一些抑郁的情绪。如果我们缺乏常识，就会叫自己很长的一段时间都心情不是特别好，就不知道怎么去处理这个问题，那么一方面你要在心理上调试，后面我们会讲到心理调适的方法。那么在生活当中有这样一个，就是心情不好的时候，一定要不吃和少吃东西，然后要多喝一点水。那么水在胃里只能停留五分钟，就把你抑郁的情绪所分泌的过量的胃酸排出体外，这样就能减少，胃液对我们伤害。这也是心理卫生的一个常识。 (4)压力对内分泌系统的影响 内分泌系统，就是讲人体的新陈代谢方面的。糖尿病80%以上都是因为后天引起的，只有20%的人是由于遗传造成的。糖尿病就是人面对很多压力的时候你不知道怎么去处理，然后持续的心里的这种紧张，会导致人体新陈代谢的一些改变。那么为什么把糖尿病列为一种心神疾病，压力大的时候你不会调节，他会改变你新陈代谢的状况。包括临床上表现的癌症，今年世界卫生组织，公布了一个数字，由人们的心理和社会的因素引起的癌症，临床上占了64.2%。 那么也就是说，绝大多数的癌症是和心理有关系的。在前边讲过，我们的社会发生了非常大的改变。从过去的计划经济，到今天的市场经济;从原来的竞争制到现在工作岗位的竞争;由农业社会的以前很多的上层建筑、工作方式、人际交往，到现在这样一个工业化的社会，日新月异的不断变化的社会，发生了非常大的改变。他就要求人的心理结构和承受心理压力的能力，要不断地去提高。那么如果社会环境发生了非常大的变化，工作的方式、人际交往的方式发生了非常大的变化，而心理的能力没有得到提高的话，那么生理的躯体就会受到伤害。所以讲一个人的心理对一个人的生理，具有非常大的控制和影响作用。也就是说，你如果需要生理的健康，就需要心理的健康。世界卫生组织，对人的健康有四条标准:生理健康、心理健康、道德健康和良好的社会适应。就是要去适应这个社会的发展。 4、压力的作用 面对压力的时候，它形成了障碍，影响到工作效率、质量，会造成人的一些不满，会生气，会烦躁、会抑郁、会苦闷、会气氛、无奈、忧伤、焦虑、厌 - 10 - 烦、遗憾、后悔、恐惧、力不从心等情绪。 人没有压力轻飘飘，其实每个人能力的增长都是在压力状态下形成的，因为人的能力是做出来的，在课堂上是学不出能力的，学到的就是知识、理论。就像学驾照，一开始考交通的知识、知识，但是不进驾驶舱，永远都学不会开车。领导交给重要的工作或者自己从来没有做过的工作，会紧张、忐忑不安，虽然会有一些焦虑睡不着觉，就是这样的压力，能够促进每个人的成长，使能够面对更复杂的事情，来增长工作的能力。 讲的压力过大了，没有办法承受了，就会产生一些心理和躯体上的问题。也就说压力能够变成动力，也能变成障碍。当觉得心里压力过大难以承受的时候，过度的焦虑、紧张就会导致人的躯体发生相应的改变。所以有很多的人会有些躯体上的疾病，比如说失眠、高血压。如何处理工作当中的压力，是作为公务员为什么要进行心理调适的一个重要原因。 (1)压力的积极作用 讲到压力的作用，它有正面和负面作用。从它正面的作用来讲，它可以连续激发个体的潜力，人体的一些没有被发现的潜力，如果有压力就可能增长能力。那么另外它能够提高心理的承受能力和社会的适应能力。今天的公务员，可以讲比五年、十年以前的公务员整体的素质，提高了很多，这就是社会的发展，促进了每个人的素质的提高和社会适应能力的提高。 (2)压力的消极作用 消极的影响是，能够引起工作绩效的质量下降。它一方面影响到工作的质量，当一个人的情绪发生改变了，他反映、判断的能力和处理问题的能力都会降低。有的时候，一个人的情绪不好，可能你感觉不到，但是别人一定能感觉得到。在工作当中肯定会有一种修饰，就是今天不高兴了，肯定不会说出来。但是当一个人的情绪，处在一个消极状态下的时候，别人是能感觉出来的。你说的语调，对人的态度，都会发生改变，所以压力还会造成人际关系的紧张。像刚才我们讲的，你可能会把工作上的压力带到家庭;有的时候也会把家庭当中的压力带到单位。 5、压力的面对 现在满大街上可以看到律师事务所，但是很少看到心理诊所。因为国家改革开放主要是以经济为先导，越来越关注自己的经济的利益。但是没有心理诊所，并不是人们不需要，或者是人们没有问题，而是社会的发展还没有充分的发展到这。也就是说，人们是需要这样的帮助。如果有了这样的诊所，把工作上的这种问题，你先不要回家，先到心理诊所去倾诉，而这些专业的人员，他 - 11 - 会给一些相应的指导，然后你就能用这种平静的心态回到家庭。那么家里边的压力也是这样，它是宣泄和接受指导的场所。 其实在今天这样的社会里，每个人需要解决的东西都很多，而不是每个人都能去解决。比如说现在要做合格的公务员，其实是需要学习的;要做合格的家长，也是要学习的;要处理好呼应关系也是需要学习的。那么当缺乏指导的时候，面对这些问题，就会造成人的压力。所以心理学就是人的一种工具，就像一上学老师就会教怎么查新华字典，使得以后有不认识的字就会去查字典，那么心理学也应该是一门工具，是很小就应该学习的学科。 当然受各种各样的限制，只有在大学的文科里才会学到。使得人们就不知道，人的共性是什么，人的个性是什么，人的差异是什么，怎么去尊重人的差异，人在工作和学习中，应该遵循什么样的合作原则。就是人跟人相处的时候，需要具备很多人跟人接触的机制。可是由于缺乏心理学机制的普及，很多人都是很本性的去处理问题。因此对人和人的这种差异性，工作之间发生的冲突，或者对工作当中对问题的不同看法，不知道用什么样更好的办法去处理，从而造成了心理上的压力，这是它消极方面的，这也会影响人际关系和身心健康。 (1)积极面对 面对压力的时候，从行为方式来讲有两种:一种是遇到心理压力的时候，主动去寻找原因，找到原因，然后再想，要怎么样克服心理上的压力、困难。作为公务员，或者不同级别的公务员，权利是有限的，怎么样借助上一级权力的资源，能够让他支持我在工作当中需要解决的一些问题，那么包括怎么样去转变条件，或者这条路走不通，怎么样重新去选择，这是一种方式。 (2)退让妥协 另外一种方式就需要在工作当中，在交往和不同看法当中，一些退避、忍让和放弃，这是另外一种行为方式。 一种方式就是积极的去寻找原因，去克服困难、争取支持、转变条件、重新选择。但不是所有的问题都能找到原因都能解决，所以还要学会退避学会忍 让、放弃。 三、心理调适的方法 1、心理调适的基本内涵 心理调适是指:在出现了一些心理的压力和心理障碍的时候，能够主动的运用心理学的一般理论和方法，来调节自我，缓解心理压力，排除心理障碍，达到心理健康的过程，就是人和工作当中，总会出现一些心理的压力和心理的障碍，我们怎么样能够运用心理学的理论和方法，调节、缓解和排除障碍，我 - 12 - 们才能有一个健康的心理。 2、心理调适的方法 ?改善认知模式 认知模式是一种思想的方法和思维的习惯，其实就像所讲的世界观和价值观，把它叫做一个认知的模式。那么每个人的认知模式的形成是受每个个体所生活的环境，接受的教育，形成的一些智商、情商等，是一个漫长的过程。一个人的认知模式形成以后，就会影响这个人对世界的一些看法，包括对生活和学习的态度。对人际关系处理，所应该遵循的 准则 租赁准则应用指南下载租赁准则应用指南下载租赁准则应用指南下载租赁准则应用指南下载租赁准则应用指南下载 ，包括的行为方式、思维方式。那么讲，一个人你从小接受的教育是——“大多数人都是好人”你可能就更容易真诚;如果你从小接受的教育是——“害人之心不可有，防人之心不可无”你和别人交往的时候，戒备的心理就会特别强。也就是说人的这种思维的模式，不是从娘胎里带出来的，而是在后天的生活当中，不断地接受教育和影响的结果，那么他会形成价值的一些理念。 但是讲同样的刺激，每个人会得出不同的反应。同时看一场电影的时候，有人会说它好，有人会说它不好;一个人，有人会欣赏他，有人会不欣赏他甚至反对他。那么为什么同样的刺激每个人会做出不同的反应呢,比如说老师在讲课，一个班里50多人，老师讲的课是一样的，而为什么有的人成绩好，有的人成绩不好呢,“一母生九子，九子皆不同”，每个人对外界的反应，他是能动的，他有做出他主体的一个反应的不是被动的。给什么刺激，就接受什么刺激，他是有选择的，他会做出主观的判断来进行认知的。因此我们讲，每一个人的思维模式，其实都带有它的局限，我们之所以对同样的问题有不同的反应，对一个人有不同的看法，是由于我们每一个人接受了不同的教育，我们有不同的知识结构，不同的信息、经验、阅历，一件事情或者一个人，20、30、40岁的人，或者学不同专业的人，有不同知识背景的人，或者有不同信息的人，对他的理解和认识都是不一样的。 所以讲，为什么要改变人的认知结构呢，因为每个人的认知结构，都有他的局限性。没有人能穷尽天下的真理，每个人这样一个对于知识、信息的把握，都带有主观的经验。为什么要合作,因为现代化的社会当中一个人的专业的知识越来越精深，对其他知识的涉猎就相对的比较少，解决问题的时候，又需要很多的智慧能力。所以他就需要合作，需要很多人在不同的角度来完善对这个事物的认识，才能得出更立体、客观的认识，所以每个人的认识结构都要不断地进行调整。 那么今天的培训，就是在于不断的做信息的传递，然后改变人的认知和思 - 13 - 维的模式，改变的一些观念，最终的目的是为了改变行为。也就是一个人，认识的模式、观念不改变，行为是不可能改变的。比如说在吃早点的时候，看到有些人不吃蛋黄，他一定是接受了一个理念——蛋黄胆固醇高，你不要吃～你接受了这个理念你的行为马上发生了改变，如果你不接受一个理念，人的行为就不会改变。 以前有句老话就是人学会数理化走遍全天下，一个人只要有能力，就可以有发展。其实随着社会的发展，现代社会对每个人的要求，是三位一体的，像一个金字塔的结构一样，它需要人的智商、情商和逆境商。也就是说今天任何一个的发展，或者是一项事业的成功，一个人的聪明才智和专业能力固然重要，这是一种能力，但是更重要的是一个人根据发展和形势的变化，来时时调整自己的思维方式的能力，和一个人人际交流的能力，沟通协调的能力，这是人的情商的一部分。还有就是人遇到挫折时，自我激励的能力，这是逆境商。这是我们刚才讲的方法一，就是不断地改变认知模式和认知理念。 ?增强人际关系的适应能力 世界卫生组织说，人的健康其实很重要的就是人的适应性。人的适应性最主要的就是人际关系的适应性。知道人有不同的角色，在领导者面前是被领导者;在被领导者面前，可能还会是一个领导者;在父母面前是儿女;在儿女面前是父母，人际关系是身心健康的非常重要的方面。就是如果在单位的人际关系的紧张，或是在家庭的人际关系的紧张都会影响到人的身心健康。所以讲，人的适应关系当中，最主要的就是人际关系的适应。 那么在人际关系的适应当中，需要注意三点: 1、人在不同的场合应该有不同的表现 是面对同事还是面对上级，是面对朋友还是面对亲人，面对的人不一样，说的话就应该不一样。人应该能够去区分什么是工作的场合什么是生活的场合，什么是同事什么是朋友。这是应该有界限的，如果你没有选择，想说就说，不分场合、地点，不分你面对的是谁就说，不知道你自己说了多少，那么肯定就会有心理的困扰，就会造成这种人际关系的不适应。 生活在不同的圈子，不同的氛围，不同的工作环境，不同的生活环境，对人的行为有相应的不同的约束的。这样的作用，所以应该在不同的场合，有一种不同的表现，还有说话的时候要把握一个不同的分寸感，是面对同事、领导的说话应该怎么样去说，应该说多少,要有一种不同的分寸感，还有留有不同的余地。就是在交流的时候，应该给别人一个空间，也可以叫做余地。 2、改变看问题的角度 - 14 - (1)要学会做自我否定，不要太固执。人为什么要学会自我否定,刚才讲，人对于任何事务的看法都带有主观性的特点。那当和别人对同样问题有不同看法的时候，是层次事务的不同的方面。假设，这是一个客观的问题，今天大家讨论它，你们所看到的和我所看到的问题是不一样的。这就是刚才讲每人的认知结构的不同造成的。你看到的，我没有看到，而我看到的你也没有看到。如果我们不能自我否定，你觉得我看到的，眼见为实，我没有看到的，我就不承认，认为它是不存在的，这就不是一个学习的理念。我刚才讲，我们时代的特征要构成一个终生学习的社会体系。 在人际相处过程的时候，要学会自我否定。就是当我提出的观点，别人跟我的观点不一样的时候，要有一个学习的态度，而不是一个拒绝的态度。每个人看问题的角度不一样，是由我们的认知结构、知识、经验和信息来决定的。所以，今天你把你的知识给我，我把我的知识给你，我们两个都增加了能力。当我们能够互相交换，因为它有很多的角度，很多的这样一个侧面，如果我们能够彼此之间，互相之间能够交换每一个人的看这个客观问题的角度，才能最后完善对客观问题的整体认识。所以，我们与别人相处的时候，必须要有一个自我否认的态度。一个人只有自我否定，才能够反思。反思这个问题哪些方面是我看不到的，是我没有想过的，是我没有思考过的。这样我们就能够从其他人对这个问题的看法当中去学习，而不能说我这样看就这样看。偏视或者是固执，这样我们就会过于狭隘。对一个问题的看法过于狭隘。也不是学习这样一个态度。 (2)应该能够换位思考。改变看问题的角度包括两个方面:第一自我否定，不要太固执;第二换位思考，站在别人的角度去思考问题。我觉得不管是领导者与被领导，如果单纯的站在自己的角度看一个问题，或者解决一个问题的话，都会觉得自己看问题的角度或是处理问题的方法是最好的。但是如果不能设身处地的，站在对方的角度来想，那么可能我们对这个问题的理解和处理的方法就不会是最得当的。有很多的时候，我们自己的问题、苦恼是常于烦恼。只站在自己的角度去看，这么想会非常的痛苦，就会特别的烦恼，甚至会引起一些人际关系的紧张。 那么，如果能够站在对方的角度看问题，能够设身处地，站在不同的角度想，就像讲每个人站在不同的位置上的时候，他对问题的反应是不一样的。比如讲，一个普通的公务员很可能是站在两层楼上，科级站在五层，的处级站在八层，局级站在十三层，那么所站在不同的级别上，他所看问题的角度不一样，他对问题所得到的结论和看法也是不一样的。有很多时候，提出一个工作建议， - 15 - 想了很长时间，发现了一个问题提出了一个对策，交给了领导，可领导为什么不采纳呢,如果你只站在自己的角度上，你会认为这个问题特别重要。站在本部门的角度上看，这个问题特别突出也特别重要，但是如果这个问题站在领导的角度、宏观的角度，它可能不是那么重要。或者它是一个部门的利益的问题，那么就不仅仅说满足某一个职能部门的利益，那么它可能解决问题的时候涉及到利益问题的时候，要通盘的考虑或是宏观、全局的考虑。所以说，当能够站在对方的角度来考虑问题的时候，可能就不会那么耿耿于怀了，就不会有很多时候有很多问题想不明白了。 ?对压力有所认识、有所准备 有的时候，之所以觉得受到打击、挫折，是因为对问题缺乏一些必要的认识和准备。有的人说我努力工作就应该得到表扬;这么辛苦，领导就应该肯定;做的这么好，领导就应该表扬我;或者我提了这么好的方案，领导就应该采纳，如果我们只站在自己的角度，或只给自己一种答案，事情的答案不是这样的，就会受到打击和挫折;觉得应该是这样的，但是我们知道任何事物它应该有很多结果。我们努力工作，每个人都在努力工作，我们在工作当中，不管我们怎么努力，可能也会出现一些差错。所以任何一个人的工作，可以表扬也可以批评。那么如果你给自己多种准备，我这样工作，别人也有可能觉得不完善的地方，可以表扬也可以批评，给自己多种答案，那么任何答案你都能够接受。表扬也好、批评也好、指责也好，你都能够接受，所以我觉得有很多的时候，给自己心里一种准备是非常重要的。 就像社会不断的变迁，它在不断的发展着变化。《谁动了我的奶酪》这本小册子之所以能够风靡全球，是因为它这种理念使我们生活在今天这样社会是非常的重要。有一天社会发展总会剥夺属于我们的东西，社会发展太快，它会剥夺属于我们的知识、经验。我们不能像那个老鼠一样，天天都有奶酪，突然有一天奶酪被偷走了，我就每天在那等着。谁把我的奶酪拿走了，为什么这么不讲理,为什么这么不公平,我们还是会像另外一只老鼠一样去寻找，当他没有了的时候，怎么样去改变，去适应已经改变了的环境，这个我觉得非常重要。那么产业结构的调整，很多工人要下岗，劳模也要下岗，社会在发展过程当中，一定会剥夺一些人的利益。因此，我觉得每一个人对社会这样一个发展都应该有准备，有工作当中的行为，也应该给自己多种准备，并不是我这样，你就必须得怎么样。 讲到人和人之间，黄金法则就是你不想别人怎样对待你，你就不要怎样对待别人，如果你期望别人去尊重你，你就要去尊重别人，如果你希望得到别人 - 16 - 积极的态度，那么就应该给别人积极的态度。但不能反过来说，对你怎么样，你就一定要对我怎么样。就像我刚才讲，我工作好你就应该肯定;我工作努力付出，你就应该表扬我;我提出的方案，你就应该采纳，这个是没有道理的。就像我爱你，你就得爱我，你要不爱我，我就跟你玩命，这就没有道理了。所以我觉得有很多的时候，我们在面对很多的事情的时候，给自己很多的准备，我觉得这是很重要的。不是唯一的一种答案。 ?排除负性情绪的手段 1、应该善于转移，适当的宣泄。每个人都有苦闷的时候，每个人都有不愉快的时候，这个时候，不要一个人在屋子里面冥思苦想，一定要转移一下。人是一个环境的产物，改变一下环境，那么你出去溜溜弯儿，听一场音乐会，找个朋友聊聊天，看场电影，都能排解人的负性的情绪。中国有句老话叫“万病气上得”，美国用一些科学的手段来证明人为什么生气会得病，平常喘气的时候都会有水分的，它把人的平静、高兴、郁闷、生气、愤怒、委屈的状态等，那种状态下所呼出的气体收集起来，液化成水做了20年实验。他们发现只有人在生气的时候，所液化下来的水的颜色是最深的，含毒量是最高的。那么因此，当一个人情绪不好的时候，要能够去宣泄，你长期的积累许多负性的情绪，一定会对人的身体健康有损害。 那么，一个人是不可能不生气的，一个人多么明白都会生气，人生气的时候3-5分钟分泌出的毒气，人体能够自动的过滤和排泄对人身的健康没有影响。但如果长期的积累，老生气，那么时间长了，对人体的健康就会有损害。假如今天不出门，2000块钱丢了，很别扭，明天还是别扭，想起就别扭，一个礼拜还别扭，一个月我还别扭就该去看病了，这就不好了。不能像存钱一样去储存自己的负性情绪，这是心理健康非常不提倡的，就是我们有了一些负性情绪的时候要学会去宣泄。 一个人在工作的环境中，不能说想什么就说什么，这个人太不分场合、地点，见谁跟谁说，这肯定不行。就像用那个高压锅做饭一样，高压锅畅开盖儿煮，这肯定熟不了。那你把盖压死没有一个阀，这个锅就会爆炸。它一定要有个出气阀，人也是一样，人即不能有话不说，只要别扭搁心里放着，谁都不说。人肯定不行，这种压力承受不了，这会分泌很多有害的东西。但是你又不能得谁跟谁说，所以这个题目叫善于转移，适当宣泄。 人通过一定的渠道，就能够宣泄自己的情绪，减少自己的心理压力。这个心理的压力就像松紧带儿一样，需要的时候，当的器官有一种负性情绪的时候，就是一种压力，那么这种压力就使得这个松紧带儿能够长开了，需要的时候把 - 17 - 它拉开，不需要的时候退回来，然后再需要再拉开，然后再退回来。如果一个松紧袋儿老是这么长，就没有弹性了，器官就损伤了，所以人不能老生气。 2、不能老生活在历史里面。第一讲善于转移、适当宣泄。第二不要生活在历史里面。社会在发展，人也在发展，包括人的审美、价值观、道德观都在不断的发展。那么这个发展当中的时候，就不能停留在某个过去的阶段。比如:清朝的时候，男人戴个皮帽，穿个长皮马褂，就觉得最漂亮的。而现在看到一个男人在马路上站在，就会觉得是白天看到了鬼，美是在发展的，人的审美就应该随着历史的发展而发展。对人的看法也一样，不能说你以前对我怎么样，现在还应该对我怎么样，人是不断的发展的。你以前怎么要求我，现在还要怎么要求我，再高要求我就适应不了，社会在不断的发展，人的这种关系也在发展的，你不能这样要求一个人在那样一种阶段是不变的。包括对领导的看法，同事之间都要随着历史的发展而发展。 3、要多读书。书能够让更豁达，要发展多种兴趣。不能说只会工作，就谈工作。对工作有兴趣，对其他的都没有兴趣。而工作中许多问题的解决其实来源于我们对生活的感悟。我们生活中其他的一些情趣或者其他一种爱好都能丰富我们对生活的认识，包括我们解决工作当时的问题带来的灵感。以前常常讲“一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮”，今天这样一个时代，三个已经不够了。生活的圈子越大，每交一个不同的圈子，就会结识不同的朋友。而每一个朋友都会对问题的不同的看法，所以我们常常讲，认识一个人就是认识一个世界。 生活当中如果你总和高手下棋，虽然你总是下不过他，但你在和他下棋的时候，你学会了大局观，不在计较一卒一炮的得失，而要一个整体的胜利，学会了战略思维，这就是交朋友的好处。所以恩格斯曾经说过一句名言:一个人的发展取决于他所交往一切人的发展。就是你的朋友、交往的人越多，你的信息就会越多。你遇到一切问题的时候，理解你的人就会越多，支持、帮助你的人就会越多，你遇到的解决方案就会越多。这是今天社会的一种要求，当遇到一个问题，只有一种方法去解决它是不够的。就像工作中遇到了问题一样，提出一个解决的方案是不成的，要提供几个解决方案供领导来选择。因为说管理的过程是一个因人而异的过程。 4、培养幽默感。 是选择一个严肃的领导者还是一个乐观的领导者，可能很多人会毫不犹豫的去选择那些乐观幽默的人。在工作中，一个领导者有一定的由职位权利带来的一种强制性的控制能力或命令能力。除了这种能力，还应该使下属员工愿意追随你，它就会使人们产生更大积极性、能动性。 5、要学会宽容。 宽容就是允许别人对任何事物、事件有独立的看法和判 - 18 - 断，或者对别人不同的 意见 文理分科指导河道管理范围浙江建筑工程概算定额教材专家评审意见党员教师互相批评意见 看法和行动的容忍。社会对人能力的要求中，合作能力特别重要。因为每个人的成功与发展的背后一定会有人际关系的支持。因此一个人在合作过程中，能力才能得以增长，每个人所在的组织发展，才能为个人的发展提供更大的空间。所以这种合作能力就要求在和别人相处的时候，能够宽容。 今天，这样社会对人能力的要求，合作的能力特别重要。因为每个人的成功与发展，无论你今天坐到什么位置，你的工作的职位或者职位的发展，一个人的成长，他背后一定会有人际关系的支持。 因此一个人在合作过程中，能力才能发展，每一个人所在的组织发展才能为人的发展提供更大的空间。所以这种合作能力就要求在和人相处的时候，要能够宽容。一看到大海就觉得大海特别磅礴，是因为大海容纳了很多的支流，无论是清澈的支流还是浑浊的支流，它能够包容所以它就博大。山下的小溪特别的清澈，但是它太高。因此，我觉得人应该学习大海那种姿态将自己放低，每一个人都有优点，都有我们能够学到的东西。无论我们与上级、同级相处，甚至我们和孩子相处都能够学到很多的东西。所以学会宽容，能够在我们的情绪当中学会去宽容和容忍别人。 人和人之间的差异要大于人和人之间的共识。如果一个人在组织当中，总能够被别人所代表，那么他在这个组织当中就没有价值了，人的价值就在于有自己独立的判断和看法。那么每个人不同的看法才会对一个客观问题有不同角度的认识，也才能了解在一个组织当中需要不同的能力，这些能力的组合来完成组织的目标和任务。所以宽容使得人们能够学到别人不同于自己的差别。 美国海湾战争的时候，有个大兵回到旧金山的军士基地休整。休整一个月以后，他给父母打电话说要和自己的一个朋友一起回去。父母说没有问题。然后他说我这个人朋友在战争当中负了伤失掉了一个胳膊和一条腿。然后他的父母就说:他在战争当中负了伤，让国家来抚恤他，你自己回来吧。三天以后，他父母接到个旧金山警察局的电话，叫他们去辨认他儿子的尸体。父母看到尸体少了一个胳膊和一条腿。有很多时候人并不是直截了当的去陈述自己的主张，当我们觉得给别人增加一些困难和问题的时候，我们都会比较含蓄，我们很少直截了当去提出这样一种诉求，当别人提出诉求的时候，我们也要去尊重他。 在给同事讲这个例子的时候，同事说:“怪这个孩子，如果这个孩子和父母说自己就是这个残疾人，妈妈能不让他回家吗,”就像我们讲成年人并不是直截了当的说，那么难道一个人不去直截了当的说我们就不去尊重他吗,所以 - 19 - 说，人和人之间没有这样宽容的态度，那么我们就会彼此伤害，母亲伤害了儿子，其实母亲也受到了更大的伤害。所以我觉得这个故事给我们这样的反思，就是在人和人相处过程的中即使他没有明确的说要怎么样，但是他的主张坚持了两遍或是重复了三遍，我们应该尊重，允许他按照他想的去做，这就是我们能够学会到的一种宽容。就是说人和人之间的差异是种客观的存在，我们和谁都不一样，有不同的看法、认识是非常正常的。那么我们在这种差异当中能够合作彼此学习，在差异当中彼此合作，这样我们才能拧成一个有凝聚力的团队，所以说人在群体当中应该学会宽容。 6、要能够放下。 人的烦恼都是昨天发生的，人有一个弱点就是常常在自己受到伤害之后放不下。人和人之间是一个很敏感的关系，就像古话说“听话听声，锣鼓听音”。他觉得别人的话伤害了他，常常不会一下子解脱出来。同事、上下级之间在工作当中会有些摩擦，逃不掉也躲不掉的，就必须放下这些情绪。 举一个例子，是讲一故事。两个和尚白天要去化缘，要过一条河，白天的时候能够跺着石头过去，然后晚上的时候水涨了，河水把石头埋过了。大和尚看见一个女子在河边徘徊，然后就说:“你是不是要过河,”女子说:“是”，但是她穿着一双绣花鞋。“那我背你过去吧”大和尚就把女子背过了河，背过去以后放到岸边，兄弟两人继续走，走了很远很远的路。小和尚对大和尚说:“师兄，我走了一路，想了一路，也忍了一路，我们出家人第一条不近女色，你不但接近她，你还背着她，这简直就是‘是可忍，孰不可忍’。大和尚说:“我一过河就把她放下了，怎么走了这么远的路你还背着她,” 这就是说，有些事必须要放下，不是老想着它。常常想，一件事过去就让它过去，人让一切烦心的事过去其实是不容易的，会引起一些焦虑。所以人和人之间，现在喊人要减少胆固醇，要减肥，我觉得最应该减少的是人和人之间的敌意、伤害。我们能够去放下很多的恩怨，不再过度的敏感，我们就会让自己的心轻松一些。所以我们要放下生活当中一些不愉快、一些苦恼，人和人之间一些恩怨然后学会珍惜拥有，学会放下然后能够珍惜拥有。 我看过张海迪一篇文章:假如我能站起来拥抱你，这个世界是多么美好～其实我们总能够站着，并没有觉得这有什么，所以这是人的弱点，这个弱点就是人有什么就不珍惜什么，而且人对物质的欲望是永无止尽的。而人常常是没有的东西就去夸大它的价值，而我们有的东西常常觉得很轻视，觉得有了就无所谓。其实我觉得我们人的一生如果能够去珍惜，珍惜现在所拥有的一切，现在的工作岗位，现在和同事的关系，大家能够结成一体完成一个共同的目的、目 - 20 - 标，能够为我们国家服务政体的确立尽到一份责任，可能觉得都是更好的。所以我们如果能够珍惜所有，就能够化解生活中一些不愉快的情绪和一些恩恩怨怨，其实每一个都能够走进生命，都是需要我们去珍惜的。人的一生会和一些人相伴同行，但是陪着我们的人最终都要离开我们的。如果能够去珍惜，就能够去善待别人，能够不太计较工作中发生一些磨擦，可能也不会有这么多的抱怨了。 ?重视人格建设和修养 1、人格的建设和修养就是每要乐于接受一些新的管理的理念。社会发生了很大的变化，管理的理念也发生的变化，包括新的价值观、思维理念、行为方式、工作经验; 2、要对社会的变迁有一个较高的思想和心理的准备。社会在不断的发展，社会的发展会不断的对的能力提出新的要求，所以要不断的学习; 3、与人相处要尊重、理解和宽容，并能用开放的心灵去容纳别人不断的意见和看法; 4、人际相处要和谐、善于沟通与合作; 5、能够用有效的方法来解决所遇到的问题; 6、能够调节和控制自己的情绪，这是讲人格的建设和修养，就是所谓的与时俱进，才能符合这个时代对的要求。 ?建立稳定的社会支持系统 1、要学会寻求帮助。中国的传统文化是家丑不可外扬，所以人不大于能够敞开自己的心扉去交流。这也使习惯于一种压抑，中华儒家文化本身是一种很中性的，提倡一种含蓄的美，这样人在生活中过于含蓄就会太多的这种压抑的东西，不大能够表露出来，就会形成一种痛处。所以人在遇到一些情绪不好或是郁闷的时候还要学会帮助，也就是任何情况下都不要封闭自己。处在一个开放的社会，人的心灵、为人处事的态度都要相对开放。如果一个人过于封闭，那么遇到问题的时候，解决方法就过于简单。 一个人对问题的处理有的时候是“当事者迷，旁观者清”，以为很了不起的事，或者很痛苦的事别人看来没有什么，所以每个人需要别人帮助。一个人在他的一生当中，自己独立去面对、解决所有问题的时候，就需要别人的帮助。每个人都离不开社会，所以人和人相互帮助要会去寻求帮助而不要封闭自己，在今天这个社会都是非常重要的。所以要同家人、朋友保持一种联系，在困难、烦恼的时候可能寻找最信任的朋友倾诉和沟通，可以减少心里的压力。 2、要与直属领导建立有效的支持性的关系。因为在工作当中，与直属领 - 21 - 导的关系是最密切的，那么如果这种关系发生了紧张，不仅对工作也对自己的身体健康产生很大的消极的影响; 3、要去理解领导的问题，并能够让领导也理解你的问题。因此有必要有这样的沟通。有的时候由于职位不一样，角色也不一样，如果缺乏一些沟通，就不能够彼此的理解。 ?减少对琐事的关注 就是不要什么事都去关注，每件事都特别的琐碎，这样就会有一些工作的压力。 1 、要有有效的沟通。做一个简单的活动吧，每一个人都拿一张纸，对折一下，好了吗,再对折一下，然后把你左手的左上角撕下来，好了，再对折一下，然后再把你的左上 角撕下来，这处不复杂吧，复杂吗,不复杂～那你觉得有多少人和你一样,你觉得呢,你觉得跟他撕的一样吗,你看，有两个眼儿、有三个眼儿的、后边那个，都不一样的。 其实，大家通过这么一个简单的活动有什么样的反思呢,很简单，对折撕下来，再对折再撕下来一个角，为什么每个人撕的都不太一样呢,他觉得只有两种，他觉得只有一种，今天人不是很多，都能撕出好几种，如果是人多的，还能撕出八个眼儿，不知道怎么撕的。每个人刚才讲到那个认知结构一样，每个人面对一个问题的时候，他都有不同的理解、做法，所以我就觉得这个案例给我们的思考就是不要觉得你说的话，别人的理解都是一样的，是会有不同的，会有很多的不同看法，你要认为别人对你的不同有种心理的准备。 比如说生活当中就是这样，一个科长或是一个处长大家一起来处理一件事，五个人去完成一项任务，回来的时候，一人一样，有的领导就会特别恼怒，你们是怎么理解的,希望以后在面对差异的时候能够宽容，知道人对问题就会有不同的理解，这本来是天经地意的，那么就会尊重这种差异，觉得人和人这种差异是种客观的存在，就能够宽容别人，就能够更善待这种不同意见和看法。觉得这是正常的，而不是谁要和我过不去，谁要和我对着干。是来自人一种天然的，教育的不同、认知结构的不同、经验的不同、信息的不同、阅历的不同而处理问题的时候有不同的思考，要能够更理性去对待这些差异。 建立一个事情清单，就是把每天需要做的事或是一周需要处理的事情列出来，做一件划一件，从而给自己一种满足感。人不能像存钱一样储存你的负性情绪，但是人是要去不断的积累愉快情绪的。如果很多东西堆在一起，不能够分类的去管理这些问题，就会对人产生压力。如果今天有几件很重要的事要去处理，把它条理化、分类化，就会觉得能够安排自己的时间，压力感可能就不 - 22 - 会那么大了。 不要推迟处理讨厌的问题。觉得生活工作当中这件事很棘手就不去处理，越棘手的问题越要及时去处理，那么也能够减少压力。 ?与人为善，和谐相处 那么在这里面讲四点，第一点要尊重他人;第二要关怀、理解他人;第三要帮助他人;第四要支持他人。你能够做到这几点才能与人为善、和谐相处。 尊重他人，就是在与别人相处的时候，有五点不需要说出来的要求，就是在与人相处的时候，做到这样五点，第一就是倾听，不要急于批评;第二就是接纳差异，不要指责。刚才讲人和人之间的差异，不要因为别人和自己的不同而去抱怨、指责;第三就是肯定别人独特的品质。每一个人都有他独特的个性和存在的价值;第四遇到问题要往好的方面去想，用积极的态度去面对人际关系，用积极的态度去面对工作当中出现的问题、困难;第五就是要用关怀之心告诉别人你真正的想法，就是要真诚之心对待别人，其实你是否真诚，别人是能够感受到的，这就是讲的尊重和尊重他人。 3、进行心理调适的重要意义 那么讲今天生活在这样一个社会，曾有一本书都很影响的观念，就是二十一世纪教育委员会联合国教科文组织推荐的一本书叫《教育——财富蕴藏其中》提出现在的人要学会“四个学会”。第一要学会求知，所谓学会求知，就是要求每一个要有更多的知识背景，所以要不断去学习;第二，就是你要学会做事，学会做事就是你在工作当中要学会发现问题、思考问题、解决问题。就是在工作当中仅仅能够发现问题是不够的，你觉得问题很多人都觉得是个问题，能够发现问题还不能够说明什么。所以当你发现一个问题的时候，你要能够思考，还能够找到解决问题的方案。所以任何一个人，你给你的上级提出一个问题的时候，就必须要附上你的解决方案，而且还不能是一个解决方案，而必须是几个解决方案，然后让领导来选择，怎么样解决更好。 还要学会合作共事，互惠双赢。今天管理者与被管理者的关系，领导者与被领导者的关系它是一体的，以后讲领导者是主动的，被领导者是被动的。领导者是主导者，被领导者是从属的。今天领导者与被领导者是一起，这种一起就是说一个组织的目标和任务需要两者的互相合作与协作。以前的领导者是火车头，火车跑的快全凭车头带。那么今天讲领导者要搭建平台让下属唱戏，领导者是一个火炬，你这个火炬就必须要和团队在一起，不能一个人拿到火炬跑老远，那就是鬼火了，要能够和团队在一起，要能够理解你在做什么大家才能支持你，帮助领导者来一起完成组织的目标和任务。所以说今天的管理，是领 - 23 - 导搭台下属唱戏的过程，是个借力的过程，领导者必须借助下属的力量完成组织的目标和任务，所以这样就使的上级和下属在合作共事当中彼此互相的支持、互相理解、互相的合作。这点是非常重要的，而且在这样一个过程中是一个互惠双利。组织的发展要为每个人的发展提供一个空间，也就是在这样一个互惠双利的过程中，组织的发展也带给每一个人的发展，每一个人的发展也促进了组织的发展。 最后一个就是要学会生存，就是每一个人都要适应社会的发展，不断提高自身的素质。社会在不断发展的时候，其实在计划经济时代下没有像今天这么大的社会、生存的压力。计划经济时代的时候下一个人有个工作后就能干到退休，而今天每一个人都要去维护你今天工作的权利负出更大的努力。这个工作不是天经地意就是你的，你能够胜任这个工作岗位，每个人都在为能够胜任这个工作岗位负出更大的努力，就是要不断的提高的生存能力，你要不断的能够与时俱进，不断的提高自身的素质，不断的提高时代的发展对提出的一个能力的要求，才能成为一个合格的公务员。 4、世界卫生组织关于心理健康的几个标准 (1)要有良好的个性 那么，世界卫生组织关于人类心理健康的标准，今天讲到心理调适，心理健康的标准是第一就是要有良好的个性。良好的个性包括了情绪要稳定，不能忽起忽落，性格要温和，不要太暴躁，意志要坚强，能够胸怀坦荡、乐观。 (2)具有良好的处事能力 良好的处事能力要求观察问题要客观、现实，不能够主观易断。要具有良好的情绪控制能力，态度要积极能够勇于承担责任，能够胜任复杂的环境的变化，这是一个人的处事能力。就是生存的环境在不断的变化，要能够适应它。 (3)要具有良好的人际关系 良好的人际关系就是要乐于助人为乐，要和人相处的时候要与人为善，与人相处心情愉快，还不是与人相处的时候觉得不舒服，这样也很难心理健康。 那么，还要说的一点是时代的发展对每一位公务员提出了更高的素质的要求。这种要求是说每一个人的这种差距和社会发展永远存在这样一种距离。就是社会发展特别快，每个人能力的发展、学识是不一样的，要缩短这样一个差距的根本的办法就是学习。一直在讲这样一个理念，也就是要学在新的工作生活条件下一种新的方法，学习新的技能、新的态度和新的理念、价值观、行为方式和新的思维方式。 那么为什么要不断的学习呢,是因为现在政府的理念发生着重大的改变。 - 24 - 前边谈到了，要从一个管制型的政府变成一个服务型的政府，那么这样就要求政府、公务员的行为，就是在公民事务处理的时候，要能够有责任能够是廉洁的并且是廉价的，让的老百姓能够用的起政府。 以前就像那个照相机一样，老的照相机要想拍好一张照片，要学会调变焦，能够目测距离，还要能够调光圈，才能照到一个老的照片。现在都用傻瓜照相机，傻瓜照相机在性能在操作的时候越来越简单了，但它的性能非常高。也就是它内部的运行越来越科学，越来越便捷。那么的政府呢，以后就这样，要打造成这样一个傻瓜型政府，就便于老百姓能够操作它。而不是像现在要跑很多的部门，要跑很多的天才能完成一件事，要成为一个服务型的政府，使老百姓用起来越来越便捷，要减少一些成本，不能像现在政府的成绩这么高。 因此，政府的职能的转变，依靠每一个国家的公务员，再好的政策也要靠公务员去执行，一个国家的形象首先是一个政策的形象，而政府的形象是由公务员来构成的，因此每一个国家的公务员都代表国家的形象。那么要提高政府的素质，就要首先要提高每一个国家公务员自身的素质。因此，每一个公务员随着时代的发展不断去提高自身的素质，不仅是时代发展的需要也是自身素质不断提高的一种要求。 所以今天讲心理调适的能力，就是讲公务员的工作本身就是一个压力比较大的职业，就会带来一种伤害。因为大量的老百姓来政府处理事务，它要求更加的便捷、高效，老百姓使用政府的时候能够更加快捷，既快捷还要廉价，这样就对每个公务员来说处理问题的能力提出了很多的要求。因此觉得随着这个时代的发展，每个人第一为了适应这样一个工作，最主要的是个人的学习能力，这种学习能力是不断获得新的知识、新的观念，那么这些新的观念会让人提高新的创造能力，然后再来提高的应变能力。 因为我国入世以后，会面临大量的新事、难事、急事和突发事件。因此在工作当中，在面临问题的时候应变能力也是非常重要的。我们生活在一个充满竞争和压力的时代，入世和国际接轨之后，对于公务员在工作当中的能力的要求就会越高。因此，我们需要一个良好的素质和心理的调适的能力。在工作、生活当中能够不断增强自己的心理的健康，如果我们不了解这样的变化，不适应这个变化，而用旧的观念、思维方式、工作习惯和处理问题的方法来面对今天不断变革的时代的事情，可能就会遇到更多的挫折。 所以，公务员增强自己的调适能力，既是自身成长的一种需要，又是社会发展对公务员能力素质的一种要求。 - 25 - (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen - 26 - party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations - 27 - repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth - 28 - Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political - 29 - Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision - 30 - of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and - 31 - to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on - 32 - a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a - 33 - total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > - 34 - real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years - 35 - implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, - 36 - exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should - 37 - be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective - 38 - convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts - 39 - of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application - 40 - of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation - 41 - made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give - 42 - expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental - 43 - organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post - 44 - processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in - 45 - the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in - 46 - the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management - 47 - of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, - 48 - around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one - 49 - size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are - 50 - relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < - 51 - new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform - 52 - comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation - 53 - of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 - 54 - about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily - 55 - blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres - 56 - should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection - 57 - with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace - 58 - with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of - 59 - the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline - 60 - must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be - 61 - held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. - 62 -